{"id":20876632,"date":"2026-09-07T13:10:34","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T11:10:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/aerfer-sagittario-2-ariete-italy-supersonic-fighter\/"},"modified":"2026-09-07T13:11:01","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T11:11:01","slug":"aerfer-sagittario-2-ariete-italy-supersonic-fighter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/aerfer-sagittario-2-ariete-italy-supersonic-fighter\/","title":{"rendered":"Aerfer Sagittario 2: Italy&#8217;s Forgotten Supersonic Fighter"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\r\n\r\n<p>On 4 December 1956, an Italian test pilot pointed a small silver aeroplane downhill from above 40,000 feet and became the first man to take an Italian-designed, Italian-built aircraft through the sound barrier.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The aircraft was the Aerfer Sagittario 2. Two were built. It had already lost the competition it was designed for, and it was flying on the wrong engine because the right one did not exist yet.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Its successor would carry a second jet engine on a retractable mast behind the cockpit. Both are now in a museum on a lake north of Rome, and almost nobody outside Italy has heard of either.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f5f5f5;padding:20px 24px;margin:26px 0;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;font-weight:700;font-size:17px\">Quick Facts &mdash; Aerfer Sagittario 2 and Ariete<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Designer:<\/strong> Sergio Stefanutti (1906&ndash;1992)<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Builder:<\/strong> Aerfer, Pomigliano d&rsquo;Arco, Naples<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Sagittario 2 first flight:<\/strong> 19 May 1956, Pratica di Mare, flown by Costantino Petrosellini<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Supersonic:<\/strong> 4 December 1956, Mach 1.1 in a dive, Lt Col Giovanni Franchini<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Sagittario 2 engine:<\/strong> One Rolls-Royce Derwent 9, ~16 kN, mounted in the nose<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Ariete first flight:<\/strong> 27 March 1958, Pratica di Mare<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Ariete powerplant:<\/strong> Derwent 9 plus a Rolls-Royce Soar booster fed by a retractable dorsal intake<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Built:<\/strong> 2 Sagittario 2 (plus a static airframe), 2 Ariete<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Survivors:<\/strong> Sagittario 2 MM561 and Ariete MM569, Museo Storico dell&rsquo;Aeronautica Militare, Vigna di Valle<\/p><\/div>\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">A Trainer With New Wings<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Sergio Stefanutti had a problem that shaped everything he built: post-war Italy had no usable wind tunnels. If you wanted to know how a swept wing behaved, you had to go and fly one.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>So in 1951 he took an Ambrosini S.7 &mdash; a two-seat piston trainer &mdash; and gave it wooden swept wings and tail, with 45 degrees of leading-edge sweep. More sweep than an F-86 Sabre. It first flew in that form on 5 January 1953. Then he pulled the piston engine out and put in a Turbom&eacute;ca Marbor&eacute; turbojet of about 840 lbf, with a nose intake and the exhaust under the fuselage ahead of the tailwheel, which had to be heat-shielded. One was built.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>That was the Sagittario 1: a wooden aerodynamic testbed, flown because there was no other way to find out.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The Sagittario 2 that followed was a real fighter. Rolls-Royce Derwent 9 in the nose, inclined about twenty degrees, exhausting under the mid-fuselage &mdash; which left the entire rear fuselage free for fuel and gave it unusually good endurance for its size. Two 30 mm Hispano-Suiza cannon. Pressurised cockpit, ejection seat, bubble canopy, braking parachute.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img data-opt-id=1371205133  fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:7mkd.d109\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/aerfer-sagittario-2-1958-brochure-cockpit-guns.jpg\" alt=\"A page from the 1958 Aerfer sales brochure for the Sagittario 2 showing the cockpit and armament\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">A page from Aerfer&rsquo;s own 1958 brochure. By the time it was printed, the competition had already been lost. Image: Aerfer A.S., 1958, public domain<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<p>The engine was a compromise and everyone knew it. Stefanutti had designed the aircraft around the Bristol Siddeley Orpheus &mdash; the same engine the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fiat-g91\/\">Fiat G.91<\/a> would use. The Orpheus was still in development. So the prototypes flew on Derwents.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Nineteen Minutes of Terror, Then a Fence<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Costantino Petrosellini made the first flight on 19 May 1956, and half a century later wrote down what it was like. It is one of the better first-flight accounts in aviation, partly because so much went wrong before the aircraft ever left the ground.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>On 1 May, at Pratica di Mare, a crane dropped it.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>&ldquo;I remember, as though it were today, Stefanutti&rsquo;s desperate expression as he put his hands to his head in dismay.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Costantino Petrosellini<\/strong> &mdash; Test pilot, Aeronautica Militare, writing in 2006 (translated from Italian)<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n<p>On 18 May, with the entire air staff assembled to watch, Petrosellini scrubbed the flight over a single fuel-pressure warning lamp. The Chief of Staff of the Italian Air Force, General Raffaelli, walked over and put a hand on his shoulder.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #1565c0;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>&ldquo;You&rsquo;re right: do as you&rsquo;ve decided.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Gen. Raffaelli<\/strong> &mdash; Chief of Staff, Aeronautica Militare, 18 May 1956, as recalled by Petrosellini (translated from Italian)<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n<p>He flew it at first light the next morning. Take-off at 120 knots, 2,900 kg, landing run about 1,800 metres.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #d32f2f;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>&ldquo;I will never be able to forget the emotion of those moments: at last Italy had a modern fighter worthy of the name, the fruit of our own national industry.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Costantino Petrosellini<\/strong> &mdash; Test pilot, on the first flight of the Sagittario 2 (translated from Italian)<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n<p>Five weeks later he flew it past the presidential tribune at the Fiumicino air display at around 550 knots and pulled a 360-degree turn at about five g. Foreign air attach&eacute;s came to Pratica di Mare the next day for a private look.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Then on 20 July an engine failure forced him to put the aircraft down on the runway then under construction at Fiumicino, damaging it. Petrosellini left for Alitalia. Lieutenant Colonel Giovanni Franchini took over the test programme.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TSDNle-MckU\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n<p>The Istituto Luce newsreel from 1956 &mdash; the only period film of the aircraft in general circulation.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Mach 1.1, Downhill<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>On 4 December 1956, Franchini took the Sagittario 2 above 40,000 feet over Pratica di Mare and put the nose down. It reached Mach 1.1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>It is worth being precise about what that means, because the claim gets inflated. The Aeronautica Militare&rsquo;s own formulation is the careful one: the first aircraft <em>designed and built in Italy<\/em> to exceed the speed of sound. Italian pilots had already gone supersonic in foreign aircraft &mdash; Petrosellini himself had reached Mach 1.06 in a Super Myst&egrave;re at Br&eacute;tigny before the Sagittario&rsquo;s flight. And it was a dive, not level flight.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Franchini was born at Varana di Monfestino in 1918, was a decorated wartime combat pilot, and ended his career as a four-star general. A bronze monument to him was unveiled in his home village in 2002. No words of his about the flight itself appear to survive; the only moving-image record is RAI footage held in the Quirinale archive.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img data-opt-id=1089963110  fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:87gD.d107\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/aerfer-sagittario-2-mm561-vigna-di-valle.jpg\" alt=\"The preserved Aerfer Sagittario 2 MM561 on display at the Italian Air Force Museum at Vigna di Valle\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">MM561, the second Sagittario 2, on the balcony of Hangar Skema at Vigna di Valle. Photo: Alan Wilson, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The Competition Was Already Over<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Here is the part that makes the whole story faintly tragic.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>NATO had issued NBMR-1 in December 1953 &mdash; a specification for a lightweight tactical strike fighter able to operate from grass and roads, hit Mach 0.95, and weigh under 4,700 kg loaded. Ten submissions came in. Nine of them were built around the Orpheus, whose development the Americans were funding.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The first results were announced on 30 June 1955: Breguet Br.1001 Taon, Fiat G.91, Dassault Myst&egrave;re XXVI. The Sagittario 2 was not among them. After comparative trials at Br&eacute;tigny in September 1957, the G.91 was declared the winner in January 1958.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>So Italy&rsquo;s first supersonic aircraft flew supersonic eighteen months after losing the competition it was built for &mdash; and lost it to another Italian aircraft.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The Ariete and Its Retractable Engine<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Stefanutti kept going. The Aerfer Ariete &mdash; Ram &mdash; first flew on 27 March 1958, and its solution to the thrust problem is the reason anyone should remember it.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>It kept the Derwent 9 as the main engine. Behind the cockpit, a dorsal intake could be raised into the airflow to feed a second engine: a Rolls-Royce Soar of 8 kN, exhausting at the tail. For take-off, climb and combat sprint you put the mast up and had two engines. The rest of the time you retracted it and flew clean.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img data-opt-id=1019880564  decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:Xhr8.d108\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/aerfer-ariete-mm569-vigna-di-valle.jpg\" alt=\"The preserved Aerfer Ariete MM569 at the Italian Air Force Museum, Vigna di Valle\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">Ariete MM569 at Vigna di Valle. The dorsal intake for the Soar booster sits immediately behind the cockpit. Photo: Andr&eacute; Gerwing, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<p>Jane&rsquo;s and <em>Air Enthusiast<\/em> credit the Ariete with 227 m\/s of climb and 12,000 metres in 4 minutes 20 seconds. Those figures appear in no Italian source, including the Aeronautica Militare&rsquo;s own museum page, and 227 m\/s from 24 kN of total thrust on a 3,535 kg aircraft is extraordinary. Treat them as a single-source claim, plausible as an instantaneous zoom figure and implausible as a sustained rate.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The retractable intake was also the aircraft&rsquo;s worst feature: it repeatedly failed to deploy cleanly, or deployed on its own during manoeuvres. Two Arietes were completed; only one is documented as having flown. Test results fell short and the Aeronautica Militare declined to buy.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ShdBVu6Y_eY\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n<p>An Italian-language survey of Stefanutti&rsquo;s Ariete, the unbuilt Leone and the rest of the line.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The Lion That Was Never Finished<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The last of them was to be the Aerfer Leone &mdash; a genuinely supersonic interceptor with a 50-degree wing, a supersonic intake with a radar-carrying centrebody, an Orpheus main engine and a de Havilland Spectre rocket, throttleable and restartable in flight, in place of the Soar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>It was never completed. Italian sources say the prototype was around 80 per cent built when funding was diverted in 1960 to licence-production of the American Hawk surface-to-air missile, which required building up an Italian electronics industry and led to the creation of Selenia. Another account says the programme was simply abandoned in 1958 in favour of the G.91. A third says it was cancelled under American pressure. One source says only a wooden mock-up ever existed. Petrosellini himself called the cancellation political and industrial.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>They cannot all be right, and there is no way to settle it from the published record.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"max-width:550px;margin:0 auto 28px\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/embed\/Tweet.html?id=1731575146165481607&theme=light\" style=\"width:100%;height:400px;border:none;overflow:hidden\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n<p>What is not disputed is the epitaph. The Aeronautica Militare&rsquo;s own museum catalogue introduces the Ariete as part of a series, and does not soften the adjective.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>&ldquo;the unlucky series of jet aircraft developed by engineer Sergio Stefanutti from the Ambrosini S.7.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Museo Storico dell&rsquo;Aeronautica Militare<\/strong> &mdash; Official catalogue entry for the Aerfer Ariete (translated from Italian)<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n<p>A colleague of Stefanutti&rsquo;s from the Naples design team put it more sharply still. Asked years later what the Sagittario programme had achieved, Professor Mario Calcara is recalled as saying that they had worked like artists &mdash; for the museums.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Which is exactly where both aircraft are. Hangar Skema, Vigna di Valle, on the shore of Lake Bracciano. Two of the four aeroplanes Italy built to prove it could still design fighters, sitting a few metres apart, one of them the first Italian machine ever to go faster than sound.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<style>.mfq{margin:34px 0 8px}.mfq h2{font:26px\/1.3 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;padding-top:22px;margin:0 0 6px}.mfq .qa details{border-top:1px solid #5C91FF;margin:0;padding:0}.mfq .qa details:last-of-type{border-bottom:1px solid #e2e7ee}.mfq .qa summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;padding:22px 26px;font:18px\/1.7 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117}.mfq .qa summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.mfq .qa summary::after{content:\"+\";font:24px Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#3568e0;flex:0 0 auto}.mfq .qa details[open] summary::after{content:\"\\2013\"}.mfq .qa details:hover summary{color:#3568e0}.mfq .qa .a{font:16px\/1.7 \"Gilroy regular\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#454e5e;padding:0 26px 24px}.mfq .qa .a a{color:#3568e0}@media(max-width:680px){.mfq .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}.mfq .qa .a{padding:0 14px 20px}}<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n<section class=\"mfq\"><h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2><div class=\"qa\"><details open><summary>What was the Aerfer Sagittario 2?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The Aerfer Sagittario 2 was an Italian lightweight jet fighter prototype designed by Sergio Stefanutti and built at Pomigliano d&rsquo;Arco near Naples. It first flew on 19 May 1956 and on 4 December 1956 became the first aircraft of Italian design and construction to exceed the speed of sound, reaching Mach 1.1 in a dive. Two flying prototypes were built plus one static test airframe.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Was the Sagittario 2 really the first Italian supersonic aircraft?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">It was the first aircraft designed and built in Italy to exceed Mach 1, which is the careful formulation the Italian Air Force itself uses. It was not the first supersonic flight by an Italian pilot &mdash; Costantino Petrosellini had already reached Mach 1.06 in a French Super Myst&egrave;re before the Sagittario&rsquo;s flight &mdash; and the Sagittario went supersonic in a dive, not in level flight.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Who flew the first Italian supersonic flight?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Lieutenant Colonel Giovanni Franchini of the Reparto Sperimentale di Volo, on 4 December 1956, in a dive from above 40,000 feet over Pratica di Mare. Franchini was born in 1918, was a decorated Second World War combat pilot and retired as a Generale di Squadra Aerea. He died in 2000, and a monument to him was unveiled in his home village in 2002.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What made the Aerfer Ariete unusual?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The Ariete carried two engines but only used one most of the time. Its main powerplant was a Rolls-Royce Derwent 9; behind the cockpit, a dorsal intake could be raised into the airflow to feed an auxiliary Rolls-Royce Soar turbojet of about 8 kN for take-off, climb and combat sprint, then retracted for normal cruise. The mechanism proved unreliable, sometimes failing to deploy and sometimes deploying by itself during manoeuvres.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why did the Sagittario 2 lose to the Fiat G.91?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">NATO&rsquo;s NBMR-1 competition for a lightweight strike fighter announced its first results on 30 June 1955, selecting the Breguet Taon, the Fiat G.91 and the Dassault Myst&egrave;re XXVI &mdash; the Sagittario 2 was not among them. The G.91 was confirmed as the winner in January 1958 after comparative trials at Br&eacute;tigny. Nine of the ten submissions used the Bristol Siddeley Orpheus engine, whose development was funded by the US Mutual Weapons Development Program; the Sagittario 2 was designed for the Orpheus but had to fly on an interim Derwent because the Orpheus was not ready.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why was the Aerfer programme cancelled?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The published explanations conflict. Italian sources variously say funding was diverted in 1960 to licence-production of the American MIM-23 Hawk missile and the creation of Selenia, that the programme was abandoned in 1958 once the Fiat G.91 was selected, and that it was cancelled under American pressure. The test pilot Costantino Petrosellini described the cancellation simply as political and industrial. There is no way to settle it from the public record.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Do any Aerfer aircraft survive?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Yes. Sagittario 2 MM561 and Ariete MM569 are both preserved at the Museo Storico dell&rsquo;Aeronautica Militare at Vigna di Valle on Lake Bracciano, north of Rome, displayed in Hangar Skema. Both were previously shown at the Palazzo a Vela in Turin before the Vigna di Valle museum opened in 1977. The Aerfer Leone, a fully supersonic development, was never completed.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What was the Aerfer Sagittario 2?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Aerfer Sagittario 2 was an Italian lightweight jet fighter prototype designed by Sergio Stefanutti and built at Pomigliano d\u2019Arco near Naples. It first flew on 19 May 1956 and on 4 December 1956 became the first aircraft of Italian design and construction to exceed the speed of sound, reaching Mach 1.1 in a dive. Two flying prototypes were built plus one static test airframe.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Was the Sagittario 2 really the first Italian supersonic aircraft?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"It was the first aircraft designed and built in Italy to exceed Mach 1, which is the careful formulation the Italian Air Force itself uses. It was not the first supersonic flight by an Italian pilot \u2014 Costantino Petrosellini had already reached Mach 1.06 in a French Super Myst&egrave;re before the Sagittario\u2019s flight \u2014 and the Sagittario went supersonic in a dive, not in level flight.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who flew the first Italian supersonic flight?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Lieutenant Colonel Giovanni Franchini of the Reparto Sperimentale di Volo, on 4 December 1956, in a dive from above 40,000 feet over Pratica di Mare. Franchini was born in 1918, was a decorated Second World War combat pilot and retired as a Generale di Squadra Aerea. He died in 2000, and a monument to him was unveiled in his home village in 2002.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What made the Aerfer Ariete unusual?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Ariete carried two engines but only used one most of the time. Its main powerplant was a Rolls-Royce Derwent 9; behind the cockpit, a dorsal intake could be raised into the airflow to feed an auxiliary Rolls-Royce Soar turbojet of about 8 kN for take-off, climb and combat sprint, then retracted for normal cruise. 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Nine of the ten submissions used the Bristol Siddeley Orpheus engine, whose development was funded by the US Mutual Weapons Development Program; the Sagittario 2 was designed for the Orpheus but had to fly on an interim Derwent because the Orpheus was not ready.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why was the Aerfer programme cancelled?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The published explanations conflict. Italian sources variously say funding was diverted in 1960 to licence-production of the American MIM-23 Hawk missile and the creation of Selenia, that the programme was abandoned in 1958 once the Fiat G.91 was selected, and that it was cancelled under American pressure. The test pilot Costantino Petrosellini described the cancellation simply as political and industrial. There is no way to settle it from the public record.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Do any Aerfer aircraft survive?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. Sagittario 2 MM561 and Ariete MM569 are both preserved at the Museo Storico dell\u2019Aeronautica Militare at Vigna di Valle on Lake Bracciano, north of Rome, displayed in Hangar Skema. Both were previously shown at the Palazzo a Vela in Turin before the Vigna di Valle museum opened in 1977. The Aerfer Leone, a fully supersonic development, was never completed.\"}}]}<\/script><p><em>Sources: Aeronautica Militare \/ Museo Storico dell&rsquo;Aeronautica Militare; Costantino Petrosellini, &ldquo;Dieci lustri&rdquo;, Aeronautica (AAA), July 2006; Leonardo corporate history; Italian and English Wikipedia; Aeromedia; Francesco Fortunato \/ fremmauno.com; Archivio Storico della Presidenza della Repubblica.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4ff;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:16px 20px;margin:32px 0 8px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600;color:#333\">Related Posts<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/sncase-se-5000-baroudeur-trolley-take-off-skid-landing\/\">SNCASE Baroudeur: The French Fighter With No Landing Gear<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/saab-210-lilldraken-double-delta-testbed-draken\/\">Saab 210 Lilldraken: The Half-Size Delta That Proved the Draken<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/douglas-x-3-stiletto-underpowered-inertia-coupling\/\">Douglas X-3 Stiletto: Built for Mach 2, It Barely Passed Mach 1<\/a><\/p><\/div>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On 4 December 1956, an Italian test pilot pointed a small silver aeroplane downhill from above 40,000 feet and became the first man to take an Italian-designed, Italian-built aircraft through the sound barrier. The aircraft was the Aerfer Sagittario 2. Two were built. It had already lost the competition it was designed for, and it [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":20876014,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[666,664],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20876632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-and-legends","category-military-aviation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Aerfer Sagittario 2: Italy\u2019s Forgotten Supersonic Fighter | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Aerfer Sagittario 2 broke the sound barrier in 1956, the first Italian-built aircraft to do it, eighteen months after losing the contest it was built for.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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