{"id":21461983,"date":"2026-09-10T10:53:53","date_gmt":"2026-09-10T08:53:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/battle-of-the-bismarck-sea-1943-skip-bombing\/"},"modified":"2026-09-10T10:54:27","modified_gmt":"2026-09-10T08:54:27","slug":"battle-of-the-bismarck-sea-1943-skip-bombing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/battle-of-the-bismarck-sea-1943-skip-bombing\/","title":{"rendered":"Battle of the Bismarck Sea: Bombing Ships at Fifteen Feet"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In January 1943, Allied aircraft in New Guinea flew 416 sorties against a single Japanese convoy and sank two ships.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Six weeks later, over three days in the Bismarck Sea, the same air force attacked another convoy and sank all eight transports and half its destroyer escort. Of 6,900 Japanese troops on board, about 1,200 reached their destination. The Allies lost thirteen aircrew.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nothing new had been invented in between. What changed was how the aircraft were flown, and how low.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f5f5f5;padding:20px 24px;margin:26px 0\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 12px;font-weight:700;font-size:17px;color:#0d1117\">Quick Facts<\/p><table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:15px;line-height:1.6\"><tr><td style=\"padding:5px 12px 5px 0;color:#555;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\"><strong>Battle<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:5px 0;color:#333\">Battle of the Bismarck Sea, part of the New Guinea campaign<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:5px 12px 5px 0;color:#555;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\"><strong>Dates<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:5px 0;color:#333\">2&ndash;4 March 1943<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:5px 12px 5px 0;color:#555;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\"><strong>Location<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:5px 0;color:#333\">Bismarck Sea, off Lae, New Guinea<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:5px 12px 5px 0;color:#555;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\"><strong>Japanese force<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:5px 0;color:#333\">Eight troop transports, eight destroyers, around 100 aircraft in support<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:5px 12px 5px 0;color:#555;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\"><strong>Allied force<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:5px 0;color:#333\">39 heavy bombers, 41 medium bombers, 34 light bombers, 54 fighters, 10 torpedo boats<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:5px 12px 5px 0;color:#555;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\"><strong>Japanese losses<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:5px 0;color:#333\">All eight transports and four destroyers sunk; about 2,890 dead<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:5px 12px 5px 0;color:#555;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\"><strong>Troops delivered<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:5px 0;color:#333\">Around 1,200 of 6,900 reached Lae; roughly 2,700 were rescued and returned to Rabaul<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:5px 12px 5px 0;color:#555;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\"><strong>Allied losses<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:5px 0;color:#333\">13 aircrew; one B-17 and three P-38s in combat, one B-25 and one Beaufighter in accidents<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:5px 12px 5px 0;color:#555;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\"><strong>Key tactics<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:5px 0;color:#333\">Mast-height bombing and skip bombing, preceded by heavy strafing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:5px 12px 5px 0;color:#555;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\"><strong>Result<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:5px 0;color:#333\">Decisive Allied victory; Japan never again ran a large troop convoy to Lae<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The problem: bombs and ships do not get along<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hitting a moving ship with a bomb dropped from altitude is close to impossible, and the Allies had spent a year proving it. The bomb takes half a minute to fall, the ship is doing eight knots and can turn, and the bombardier is aiming at a target the width of a tennis court from four miles up.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the South West Pacific there was no alternative mission. Japan's factories were far out of range, so the entire job of the Allied bomber force was cutting the sea lanes that supplied Japanese garrisons. The January result, 416 sorties for two ships, was an unmistakable verdict on how that was going.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Group Captain Bill Garing, an RAAF officer on General George Kenney's staff who had flown air-sea operations in Europe, argued for something different: hit the convoy from several altitudes and several directions simultaneously, so that the ships could not manoeuvre away from one attack without exposing themselves to another.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/us-fifth-air-force-bombs-bracket-japanese-transport-bismarck-sea.jpg\" alt=\"Bombs from US Fifth Air Force aircraft bracket a Japanese transport during the Battle of the Bismarck Sea\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">Bombs bracketing a Japanese transport. Near misses like these were the normal result of bombing ships from altitude, which is exactly why the tactics changed. Photo: U.S. Army Air Forces, public domain<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Skip bombing and mast-height bombing<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From February 1942 the RAAF had been experimenting with skip bombing, a technique the British and Germans had already tried. The bomber runs in a few dozen feet above the sea and releases; the bomb strikes the water at a shallow angle and ricochets, like a stone skimmed across a pond, into the side of the ship.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The variant that actually won this battle was mast-height bombing, and the numbers are worth stating because they explain the nerve involved. The bomber approaches at 200 to 500 feet at around 265 to 275 miles per hour, then descends to mast height, ten to fifteen feet above the water, roughly 600 yards from the target. It releases at about 300 yards, aiming not at the deck but at the side of the hull.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At that height, the bomb goes into the ship rather than onto it, which is where ships are thin. It also means the aircraft flies directly over the target immediately afterwards, so standard impact fuses would have destroyed the bomber with its own weapon. Crews fitted delayed-action fuses instead. They practised against the wreck of the SS <em>Pruth<\/em>, a liner that had run aground on a reef off Port Moresby in 1923 and had been sitting there ever since.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #1565c0;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>&ldquo;I saw a couple of them practicing on the old wreck on the reef outside Port Moresby. They didn&rsquo;t miss. It was pretty shooting and pretty skip bombing.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Lt. Gen. George C. Kenney<\/strong> &mdash; Commander, Allied Air Forces in the South West Pacific Area<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">None of this works if the ship's anti-aircraft guns are still firing, because a bomber at fifteen feet and 270 miles per hour is a very large, very predictable target. So somebody had to silence the guns first, which required an aircraft that could strafe with real weight of fire.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Pappy Gunn rebuilds the bombers<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Major Paul I. &ldquo;Pappy&rdquo; Gunn and the 81st Depot Repair Squadron at Townsville in Queensland took Douglas A-20 Havoc light bombers and, in September 1942, packed four .50-calibre machine guns into their noses, adding two 450-gallon fuel tanks for range.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In December they tried the same thing on the larger B-25 Mitchell, and it fought back. The converted aircraft came out nose-heavy even with lead ballast added in the tail. Firing the guns shook the airframe hard enough to pop rivets out of the skin. The tail guns and belly turret came off. What emerged was not a medium bomber any more but a strafer, an aircraft designed to arrive at mast height with a wall of fire ahead of it.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Kxu2trrFhHE\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Three days in March<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The convoy left Rabaul under Rear Admiral Masatomi Kimura, carrying reinforcements for Lae. Two tropical storms hid it for a while. At about 15:00 on 1 March a patrolling B-24 Liberator found it; eight B-17s were sent and failed to locate the ships.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On 2 March the B-17s attacked from 5,000 feet with 1,000-pound bombs and sank the transport <em>Kyokusei Maru<\/em>. On 3 March eight Beauforts of No. 100 Squadron RAAF went out with torpedoes; only two found the convoy, and neither scored. Then the weather cleared, and ninety aircraft came off Port Moresby at once.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thirteen B-17s bombed from 7,000 feet. They hit little, but the ships scattered to avoid them, which broke up the convoy's concentrated anti-aircraft fire and pointed every gun upwards. That was the entire purpose of the high-altitude attack.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It also cost lives. A B-17 broke up in the air, and Japanese fighter pilots machine-gunned the crew as they came down on their parachutes and again in the water. Three P-38s shot down five of those fighters and were themselves lost doing it.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/raaf-beaufighter-pilot-torchy-uren-bismarck-sea-1943.jpg\" alt=\"Flight Lieutenant Torchy Uren of No. 30 Squadron RAAF in the cockpit of his Bristol Beaufighter, 3 March 1943\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">Flight Lieutenant R.F. &ldquo;Torchy&rdquo; Uren of No. 30 Squadron RAAF in his Beaufighter during the battle. Photo: Australian War Memorial<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then came the part that decided it. Thirteen Bristol Beaufighters of No. 30 Squadron RAAF ran in at wave-top height in line abreast, deliberately looking like Beauforts making a torpedo attack. The Japanese captains did the correct thing against torpedoes and turned their ships bow-on, presenting the narrowest possible target.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bow-on is the worst possible aspect against strafers. The Beaufighters flew straight down the length of each ship with four 20 mm cannon in the nose and six .303 machine guns in the wings, and swept the bridges, the gun positions and the crews. Aboard one of them was the cameraman Damien Parer, whose footage became the newsreel <em>The Bismarck Convoy Smashed<\/em>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Immediately behind them, seven B-25s bombed from about 2,500 feet while six more came in at mast height. The convoy had been disorganised from above, blinded at deck level, and was now being attacked from ten feet by aircraft carrying delayed-fuse bombs aimed at its waterline.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cgone_pq1tc\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Then MacArthur got hold of it<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The real result was crushing enough: eight transports and four destroyers sunk, about 2,890 Japanese dead, the reinforcement of Lae by sea effectively ended.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/japanese-destroyer-tokitsukaze-air-attack-bismarck-sea-1943.jpg\" alt=\"The Japanese destroyer Tokitsukaze under Allied air attack in the Bismarck Sea, 4 March 1943\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">The destroyer <em>Tokitsukaze<\/em> under attack on 4 March 1943. Photo: U.S. Army Air Forces, public domain<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The communiqu\u00e9 General Douglas MacArthur issued on 7 March claimed 22 ships sunk, including twelve transports, three cruisers and seven destroyers, and 12,792 Japanese troops killed. Army Air Force headquarters in Washington examined the claim in mid-1943 and concluded that only sixteen ships had been involved in the first place, so twenty-two of them could not have been sunk. General Headquarters in the South West Pacific declined to correct the record.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #d32f2f;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>&ldquo;Cannot fail to go down in history as one of the most complete and annihilating combats of all time.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Gen. Douglas MacArthur<\/strong> &mdash; Commander, South West Pacific Area, in his message to the airmen<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He was right about the significance and wrong about the arithmetic, which is a fairly typical combination. Inflated claims were endemic on every side in 1943; gun-camera film was scarce, smoke obscured everything, and a dozen aircrew watching the same explosion honestly reported a dozen sinkings.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The tactical lesson survived the exaggeration intact. Land-based aircraft, flown low enough and in sufficient coordination, could annihilate a defended convoy in daylight without a single warship present. Every navy in the world read that report.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8C9QTKw8iQQ\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Japan did not attempt another large troop convoy to Lae. Reinforcement continued by submarine, by barge at night, and on foot. Which is another way of saying that four days of flying at fifteen feet closed a shipping lane for the rest of the war.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<style>.mfq{margin:34px 0 8px}.mfq h2{font:26px\/1.3 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;padding-top:22px;margin:0 0 6px}.mfq .qa details{border-top:1px solid #5C91FF;margin:0;padding:0}.mfq .qa details:last-of-type{border-bottom:1px solid #e2e7ee}.mfq .qa summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;padding:22px 26px;font:18px\/1.7 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117}.mfq .qa summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.mfq .qa summary::after{content:\"+\";font:24px Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#3568e0;flex:0 0 auto}.mfq .qa details[open] summary::after{content:\"\\2013\"}.mfq .qa details:hover summary{color:#3568e0}.mfq .qa .a{font:16px\/1.7 \"Gilroy regular\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#454e5e;padding:0 26px 24px}.mfq .qa .a a{color:#3568e0}@media(max-width:680px){.mfq .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}.mfq .qa .a{padding:0 14px 20px}}<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n<section class=\"mfq\"><h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2><div class=\"qa\"><details open><summary>What was the Battle of the Bismarck Sea?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The Battle of the Bismarck Sea was an air attack fought from 2 to 4 March 1943 in which United States and Australian aircraft destroyed a Japanese convoy carrying reinforcements to Lae in New Guinea. All eight troop transports and four of the eight escorting destroyers were sunk, and about 2,890 Japanese soldiers and sailors were killed. The Allies lost 13 aircrew.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is skip bombing?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Skip bombing is an anti-shipping technique in which a bomber flies a few dozen feet above the sea and releases a bomb so that it strikes the water at a shallow angle and ricochets, like a skimmed stone, into the side of the target ship. It was used alongside mast-height bombing in the Bismarck Sea, where mast-height attacks proved the more effective of the two.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is mast-height bombing?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">In mast-height bombing the aircraft approaches at 200 to 500 feet at around 265 to 275 mph, descends to ten to fifteen feet above the water about 600 yards from the ship, and releases at roughly 300 yards aiming at the hull rather than the deck. Because the aircraft then passes directly over the target, crews used delayed-action fuses so the bomber was not destroyed by its own bomb.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why did the Beaufighters pretend to be torpedo bombers?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Thirteen Bristol Beaufighters of No. 30 Squadron RAAF approached the convoy at low level in a formation resembling a torpedo attack. The Japanese ships turned bow-on, which is the correct response to torpedoes because it presents the narrowest target, but the worst possible aspect against strafing aircraft. The Beaufighters were then able to fly the full length of each ship, raking bridges and anti-aircraft positions with four 20 mm cannon and six machine guns.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Did MacArthur exaggerate the results of the Battle of the Bismarck Sea?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Yes. His communiqu&eacute; of 7 March 1943 claimed 22 ships sunk, including three cruisers, and 12,792 Japanese troops killed. Army Air Force headquarters in Washington investigated in mid-1943 and concluded that only sixteen ships had been present in total. The actual figures were eight transports and four destroyers sunk and about 2,890 dead.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Who was Pappy Gunn?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Major Paul I. &ldquo;Pappy&rdquo; Gunn led the 81st Depot Repair Squadron at Townsville, Queensland, and modified Allied bombers for low-level attack. In September 1942 he fitted four .50-calibre machine guns into the noses of A-20 Havocs, and in December 1942 attempted the same conversion on the B-25 Mitchell, producing an aircraft that was nose-heavy and shed rivets when the guns fired but which became the definitive Pacific strafer.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What effect did the battle have on the New Guinea campaign?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Japan never again attempted to run a large troop convoy to Lae. Reinforcement and resupply of its New Guinea garrisons shifted to submarines, night barge traffic and overland movement, all of which delivered far less. The battle also demonstrated that land-based aircraft alone could annihilate a defended convoy in daylight, a lesson studied by every navy.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What was the Battle of the Bismarck Sea?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Battle of the Bismarck Sea was an air attack fought from 2 to 4 March 1943 in which United States and Australian aircraft destroyed a Japanese convoy carrying reinforcements to Lae in New Guinea. All eight troop transports and four of the eight escorting destroyers were sunk, and about 2,890 Japanese soldiers and sailors were killed. The Allies lost 13 aircrew.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is skip bombing?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Skip bombing is an anti-shipping technique in which a bomber flies a few dozen feet above the sea and releases a bomb so that it strikes the water at a shallow angle and ricochets, like a skimmed stone, into the side of the target ship. It was used alongside mast-height bombing in the Bismarck Sea, where mast-height attacks proved the more effective of the two.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is mast-height bombing?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"In mast-height bombing the aircraft approaches at 200 to 500 feet at around 265 to 275 mph, descends to ten to fifteen feet above the water about 600 yards from the ship, and releases at roughly 300 yards aiming at the hull rather than the deck. Because the aircraft then passes directly over the target, crews used delayed-action fuses so the bomber was not destroyed by its own bomb.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why did the Beaufighters pretend to be torpedo bombers?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Thirteen Bristol Beaufighters of No. 30 Squadron RAAF approached the convoy at low level in a formation resembling a torpedo attack. The Japanese ships turned bow-on, which is the correct response to torpedoes because it presents the narrowest target, but the worst possible aspect against strafing aircraft. The Beaufighters were then able to fly the full length of each ship, raking bridges and anti-aircraft positions with four 20 mm cannon and six machine guns.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Did MacArthur exaggerate the results of the Battle of the Bismarck Sea?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. His communiqu\u00e9 of 7 March 1943 claimed 22 ships sunk, including three cruisers, and 12,792 Japanese troops killed. Army Air Force headquarters in Washington investigated in mid-1943 and concluded that only sixteen ships had been present in total. The actual figures were eight transports and four destroyers sunk and about 2,890 dead.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who was Pappy Gunn?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Major Paul I. \\\"Pappy\\\" Gunn led the 81st Depot Repair Squadron at Townsville, Queensland, and modified Allied bombers for low-level attack. In September 1942 he fitted four .50-calibre machine guns into the noses of A-20 Havocs, and in December 1942 attempted the same conversion on the B-25 Mitchell, producing an aircraft that was nose-heavy and shed rivets when the guns fired but which became the definitive Pacific strafer.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What effect did the battle have on the New Guinea campaign?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Japan never again attempted to run a large troop convoy to Lae. Reinforcement and resupply of its New Guinea garrisons shifted to submarines, night barge traffic and overland movement, all of which delivered far less. The battle also demonstrated that land-based aircraft alone could annihilate a defended convoy in daylight, a lesson studied by every navy.\"}}]}<\/script><p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Sources: Australian War Memorial; U.S. Army Air Forces official histories; Air &amp; Space Forces Magazine; Anzac Portal, Department of Veterans&rsquo; Affairs; British Path&eacute; and Australian newsreel archives.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4ff;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:16px 20px;margin:32px 0 8px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600;color:#333\">Related Posts<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/palm-sunday-massacre-1943-p-40-ju-52-operation-flax\/\">Palm Sunday Massacre: The 15 Minutes That Broke a Lifeline<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/cactus-air-force-guadalcanal-henderson-field-1942\/\">The Cactus Air Force: Flying From the Mud<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/great-marianas-turkey-shoot-philippine-sea-1944\/\">The Great Marianas Turkey Shoot<\/a><\/p><\/div>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In January 1943, 416 sorties sank two ships. Six weeks later the same air force destroyed an entire convoy. Nothing new was invented in between.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":21461649,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[666,664],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21461983","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-and-legends","category-military-aviation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Battle of the Bismarck Sea: Bombing Ships at Fifteen Feet | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In March 1943 Allied aircraft destroyed a Japanese convoy in the Bismarck Sea using mast-height bombing and strafing. 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