{"id":25470491,"date":"2026-09-29T10:34:42","date_gmt":"2026-09-29T08:34:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\/"},"modified":"2026-10-05T10:45:47","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T08:45:47","slug":"visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\/","title":{"rendered":"Visual Identification: Why Fighter Pilots Needed Eyes on the Target"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\n<!-- mfsh:top -->\n\n<style>\n.mfsh-trigger{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;height:44px;padding:0 18px;margin:0 0 26px;border:2px solid #0F1720;background:#fff;color:#0F1720;font-family:inherit;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;cursor:pointer;box-shadow:none;transition:background .15s,color .15s}\n.mfsh-trigger:hover,.mfsh-trigger:focus-visible{background:#0F1720;color:#fff;outline:none}\n.mfsh-trigger svg{width:18px;height:18px;display:block;flex-shrink:0}\n.mfsh-trigger.mfsh-bottom{margin:8px 0 28px}\n.mfsh-meta{position:relative;padding-right:190px}\n.mfsh-trigger.mfsh-inmeta{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;margin:0;height:30px;padding:0 8.9px;font-size:13px}\n.mfsh-trigger.mfsh-inmeta svg{width:16px;height:16px}\n.mfsh-overlay{position:fixed;inset:0;background:rgba(15,23,32,.55);z-index:99999;display:flex;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:center;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;transition:opacity .2s}\n.mfsh-overlay.mfsh-open{opacity:1;pointer-events:auto}\n.mfsh-sheet{width:100%;max-width:520px;background:#fff;color:#0F1720;padding:18px 20px 28px;transform:translateY(24px);transition:transform .22s;box-shadow:0 12px 32px rgba(15,23,32,.25);font-family:inherit;max-height:92vh;overflow:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\n.mfsh-overlay.mfsh-open .mfsh-sheet{transform:none}\n@media (min-width:640px){.mfsh-overlay{align-items:center}.mfsh-sheet{padding-bottom:20px}}\n.mfsh-head{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;margin:0 0 14px}\n.mfsh-head strong{font-size:18px;font-weight:800;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;line-height:1}\n.mfsh-head strong svg{width:18px;height:18px}\n.mfsh-close{background:none;border:0;padding:6px;margin:0;cursor:pointer;color:#0F1720;line-height:0;box-shadow:none}\n.mfsh-close svg{width:18px;height:18px}\n.mfsh-preview{display:grid;grid-template-columns:96px 1fr;gap:12px;border:1px solid #DCE3EE;background:#F5F7FB;padding:10px;margin:0 0 12px;align-items:center}\n.mfsh-preview img{width:96px;height:72px;object-fit:cover;display:block;margin:0}\n.mfsh-preview .mfsh-kicker{font-size:10px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#5C91FF;margin:0 0 4px;line-height:1.2}\n.mfsh-preview .mfsh-title{font-size:14px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;margin:0;display:block}\n.mfsh-list{display:grid;margin:0;padding:0}\n.mfsh-item{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;height:50px;width:100%;border:0;border-top:1px solid #DCE3EE;background:none;padding:0 4px;margin:0;text-align:left;font-family:inherit;font-size:15px;font-weight:600;color:#0F1720;cursor:pointer;box-shadow:none;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;line-height:1}\n.mfsh-item:hover,.mfsh-item:focus-visible{background:#F5F7FB;outline:none}\n.mfsh-item svg{width:20px;height:20px;color:#5C91FF;flex-shrink:0;display:block}\n.mfsh-item small{margin-left:auto;color:#5B6674;font-weight:500;font-size:12px}\n.mfsh-item.mfsh-done svg{color:#1E9E5A}\n.mfsh-toast{position:fixed;left:50%;bottom:32px;transform:translate(-50%,10px);background:#0F1720;color:#fff;padding:10px 16px;font-weight:700;font-size:13px;font-family:inherit;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;transition:opacity .2s,transform .2s;z-index:100000}\n.mfsh-toast.mfsh-show{opacity:1;transform:translate(-50%,0)}\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.mfsh-overlay,.mfsh-sheet,.mfsh-toast,.mfsh-trigger{transition:none}}\n<\/style>\n<svg width=\"0\" height=\"0\" style=\"position:absolute\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-share\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.9\" stroke-linecap=\"square\" d=\"M12 3v12M8 7l4-4 4 4M5 12v8h14v-8\"\/><\/symbol>\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-close\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"square\" d=\"m5 5 14 14M19 5 5 19\"\/><\/symbol>\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-wa\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M12 2a10 10 0 0 0-8.6 15.1L2 22l5.1-1.3A10 10 0 1 0 12 2Zm0 1.8a8.2 8.2 0 1 1-4.2 15.3l-.3-.2-3 .8.8-2.9-.2-.3A8.2 8.2 0 0 1 12 3.8Zm-3 4.4c-.2 0-.5 0-.8.4-.3.3-1 1-1 2.4s1 2.8 1.2 3c.1.2 2 3.2 5 4.4 2.5 1 3 .8 3.5.7.5 0 1.7-.7 2-1.4.2-.7.2-1.3.1-1.4l-.5-.3-2-1c-.3 0-.5-.1-.7.2l-.9 1.1c-.2.2-.3.2-.6.1-.3-.2-1.3-.5-2.4-1.5-.9-.8-1.5-1.8-1.7-2-.2-.4 0-.5.2-.7l.4-.5.3-.5v-.5l-.9-2.2c-.2-.5-.4-.5-.6-.5H9Z\"\/><\/symbol>\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-x\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M17.8 3h3l-6.7 7.7L22 21h-6.2l-4.8-6.3L5.4 21h-3l7.2-8.2L2 3h6.3l4.4 5.8L17.8 3Zm-1.1 16.2h1.7L7.4 4.7H5.6l11.1 14.5Z\"\/><\/symbol>\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-fb\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M13.5 22v-8h2.7l.4-3.2h-3.1V8.8c0-.9.3-1.6 1.6-1.6h1.7V4.4c-.3 0-1.3-.1-2.5-.1-2.5 0-4.1 1.5-4.1 4.2v2.3H7.4V14h2.8v8h3.3Z\"\/><\/symbol>\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-li\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M6.5 8.5H3V21h3.5V8.5ZM4.8 3a2 2 0 1 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0-4ZM21 13.4c0-3.4-1.8-5.2-4.5-5.2-1.6 0-2.7.8-3.2 1.7V8.5H9.9V21h3.4v-6.4c0-1.7.6-2.8 2.1-2.8 1.4 0 2 1 2 2.8V21H21v-7.6Z\"\/><\/symbol>\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-rd\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M22 12.1a2.4 2.4 0 0 0-4.1-1.7 11.7 11.7 0 0 0-5.5-1.7l1-4.5 3.1.7a1.7 1.7 0 1 0 .2-1l-3.6-.8a.5.5 0 0 0-.6.4l-1.1 5.2a11.8 11.8 0 0 0-5.8 1.7A2.4 2.4 0 1 0 3 14.3v.5c0 3.4 4 6.2 9 6.2s9-2.8 9-6.2v-.5a2.4 2.4 0 0 0 1-2.2ZM7.5 13.8a1.7 1.7 0 1 1 3.4 0 1.7 1.7 0 0 1-3.4 0Zm8.9 4.5c-1.2 1.2-3.4 1.3-4.4 1.3s-3.3-.1-4.4-1.3a.5.5 0 0 1 .7-.7c.7.8 2.4 1 3.7 1s2.9-.2 3.7-1a.5.5 0 0 1 .7.7Zm-.6-2.8a1.7 1.7 0 1 1 0-3.4 1.7 1.7 0 0 1 0 3.4Z\"\/><\/symbol>\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-tg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M21.9 4.6 18.7 19.9c-.2 1-.9 1.3-1.7.8l-4.9-3.6-2.3 2.3c-.3.3-.5.5-1 .5l.4-5 9-8.2c.4-.3-.1-.5-.6-.2L6.4 13.5 1.6 12c-1-.3-1.1-1 .2-1.5l18.8-7.2c.9-.3 1.6.2 1.3 1.3Z\"\/><\/symbol>\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-mail\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.8\" d=\"M3 6h18v12H3z\"\/><path fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.8\" d=\"m3 7 9 6 9-6\"\/><\/symbol>\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.9\" stroke-linecap=\"square\" d=\"M10 14a4 4 0 0 0 5.7 0l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-5.7-5.7l-1.5 1.5M14 10a4 4 0 0 0-5.7 0l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 5.7 5.7l1.5-1.5\"\/><\/symbol>\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-more\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/><circle cx=\"19\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/><\/symbol>\n<\/svg>\n<span class=\"mfsh-top-slot\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-trigger\" data-mfsh-placement=\"top\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><svg><use href=\"#mfsh-i-share\"\/><\/svg>Share this story<\/button><\/span>\n<script>\n(function(){\n  if (window.__mfsh) return; window.__mfsh = true;\n  var SECTION = 'afterburner';\n  function meta(p){ var m=document.querySelector('meta[property=\"'+p+'\"]'); return m ? m.getAttribute('content') : ''; }\n  function pageUrl(){ var c=document.querySelector('link[rel=\"canonical\"]'); return (c && c.href) || (location.origin + location.pathname); }\n  function pageTitle(){ var h=document.querySelector('h1.entry-title'); return (h && h.textContent.trim()) || meta('og:title') || document.title; }\n  function slug(){ return location.pathname.replace(\/\\\/+$\/,'').split('\/').pop() || 'home'; }\n  function kicker(){ var c=document.querySelector('.et_pb_title_container a[rel=\"category tag\"], .et_pb_title_container a[rel=\"category\"], a[rel=\"category tag\"]'); return 'Afterburner' + (c && c.textContent.trim() ? ' \u00b7 ' + c.textContent.trim() : ''); }\n  function shareUrl(ch, placement){ return pageUrl() + '?utm_source=share&utm_medium=' + ch + '&utm_campaign=' + SECTION + '&utm_content=sheet_' + placement; }\n  function track(ch, placement, extra){\n    window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];\n    var ev = { event:'share', share_channel:ch, share_variant:'sheet', share_placement:placement, page_section:SECTION, content_id:slug() };\n    if (extra) for (var k in extra) ev[k]=extra[k];\n    window.dataLayer.push(ev);\n  }\n  var CH = [\n    ['whatsapp','WhatsApp','mfsh-i-wa',''],\n    ['x','X','mfsh-i-x',''],\n    ['facebook','Facebook','mfsh-i-fb',''],\n    ['linkedin','LinkedIn','mfsh-i-li',''],\n    ['reddit','Reddit','mfsh-i-rd','r\/aviation, r\/WarplanePorn'],\n    ['telegram','Telegram','mfsh-i-tg',''],\n    ['email','Email','mfsh-i-mail',''],\n    ['copy','Copy link','mfsh-i-link',''],\n    ['native','More','mfsh-i-more','Instagram, Signal, AirDrop']\n  ];\n  var overlay, toastEl, toastT, placement = 'top';\n  function build(){\n    overlay = document.createElement('div'); overlay.className = 'mfsh-overlay'; overlay.setAttribute('role','dialog'); overlay.setAttribute('aria-modal','true'); overlay.setAttribute('aria-label','Share');\n    var img = meta('og:image');\n    var items = CH.filter(function(c){ return c[0] !== 'native' || !!navigator.share; }).map(function(c){\n      return '<button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-item\" data-mfsh-ch=\"'+c[0]+'\"><svg><use href=\"#'+c[2]+'\"\/><\/svg>'+c[1]+(c[3]?'<small>'+c[3]+'<\/small>':'')+'<\/button>';\n    }).join('');\n    overlay.innerHTML = '<div class=\"mfsh-sheet\"><div class=\"mfsh-head\"><strong><svg><use href=\"#mfsh-i-share\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/strong><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-close\" aria-label=\"Close\"><svg><use href=\"#mfsh-i-close\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div>'\n      + '<div class=\"mfsh-preview\">' + (img ? '<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"'+img+'\" alt=\"\">' : '<span><\/span>') + '<div><div class=\"mfsh-kicker\">'+kicker()+'<\/div><span class=\"mfsh-title\">'+pageTitle()+'<\/span><\/div><\/div>'\n      + '<div class=\"mfsh-list\">'+items+'<\/div><\/div>';\n    document.body.appendChild(overlay);\n    toastEl = document.createElement('div'); toastEl.className = 'mfsh-toast'; document.body.appendChild(toastEl);\n    overlay.addEventListener('click', function(e){\n      if (e.target === overlay || e.target.closest('.mfsh-close')) { close(); return; }\n      var b = e.target.closest('.mfsh-item'); if (b) act(b.getAttribute('data-mfsh-ch'), b);\n    });\n    document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){ if (e.key === 'Escape') close(); });\n  }\n  function open(p){ placement = p || 'top'; if (!overlay) build(); overlay.classList.add('mfsh-open'); track('open', placement); }\n  function close(){ if (overlay) overlay.classList.remove('mfsh-open'); }\n  function toast(m){ toastEl.textContent = m; toastEl.classList.add('mfsh-show'); clearTimeout(toastT); toastT = setTimeout(function(){ toastEl.classList.remove('mfsh-show'); }, 1600); }\n  function act(ch, btn){\n    var url = shareUrl(ch, placement), t = pageTitle(), enc = encodeURIComponent;\n    if (ch === 'copy') {\n      var done = function(){ toast('Link copied'); btn.classList.add('mfsh-done'); setTimeout(function(){ btn.classList.remove('mfsh-done'); close(); }, 900); };\n      track(ch, placement);\n      if (navigator.clipboard && navigator.clipboard.writeText) navigator.clipboard.writeText(url).then(done, done); else done();\n      return;\n    }\n    if (ch === 'native') {\n      track(ch, placement, { share_result:'opened' });\n      navigator.share({ title:t, text:t, url:url }).then(function(){ track('native', placement, { share_result:'completed' }); close(); }).catch(function(){});\n      return;\n    }\n    var target = {\n      whatsapp: 'https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send?text=' + enc(t + ' ' + url),\n      x:        'https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=' + enc(t) + '&url=' + enc(url) + '&via=MiGFlug',\n      facebook: 'https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=' + enc(url),\n      linkedin: 'https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/sharing\/share-offsite\/?url=' + enc(url),\n      reddit:   'https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/submit?url=' + enc(url) + '&title=' + enc(t),\n      telegram: 'https:\/\/t.me\/share\/url?url=' + enc(url) + '&text=' + enc(t),\n      email:    'mailto:?subject=' + enc(t) + '&body=' + enc('Thought you would like this, from Afterburner, MiGFlug\\'s magazine:\\n' + t + '\\n' + url)\n    }[ch];\n    track(ch, placement);\n    if (target) { if (ch === 'email') location.href = target; else window.open(target, '_blank', 'noopener,width=680,height=560'); }\n    close();\n  }\n  var mq = window.matchMedia('(min-width:981px)');\n  function place(){\n    var t = document.querySelector('.mfsh-trigger[data-mfsh-placement=\"top\"]'), slot = document.querySelector('.mfsh-top-slot');\n    var meta = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('.et_pb_title_meta_container, .et_post_meta_wrapper .post-meta, .single .post-meta')).filter(function(m){ return m.offsetParent !== null; })[0];\n    if (!t || !slot) return;\n    if (meta && mq.matches) { meta.classList.add('mfsh-meta'); t.classList.add('mfsh-inmeta'); if (t.parentNode !== meta) meta.appendChild(t); var a = meta.querySelector('a'); if (a) { var pr = document.createElement('span'); pr.style.cssText = 'display:inline-block;width:0;height:0;vertical-align:baseline'; a.appendChild(pr); var base = pr.getBoundingClientRect().bottom; pr.remove(); var fs = parseFloat(getComputedStyle(a).fontSize) || 14, mb = meta.getBoundingClientRect().bottom; t.style.bottom = Math.max(0, mb - (base + fs * 0.12)) + 'px'; } }\n    else { t.classList.remove('mfsh-inmeta'); if (t.parentNode !== slot) slot.appendChild(t); }\n  }\n  if (document.readyState === 'loading') document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', place); else place(); window.addEventListener('load', place); if (document.fonts && document.fonts.ready) document.fonts.ready.then(place); window.addEventListener('resize', place);\n  if (mq.addEventListener) mq.addEventListener('change', place); else mq.addListener(place);\n  document.addEventListener('click', function(e){ var b = e.target.closest('.mfsh-trigger'); if (b) { e.preventDefault(); open(b.getAttribute('data-mfsh-placement') || 'top'); } });\n})();\n<\/script><!-- \/mfsh:top -->\n\r\n\r\n<p>Modern fighters carry missiles that can hit a target they will never see. Radar finds it, a data link tracks it, and a missile covers the last 50 or 100 kilometres on its own. Yet for most of the jet age, one of the most important rules in air combat has been old-fashioned: before you shoot, get close enough to see what you are shooting at.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>That rule is called visual identification, or VID. At the end of September 2026, Poland moved to relax it, allowing its pilots to engage aircraft, drones and missiles coming from the east on the strength of radar and sensor data alone. To understand why that matters, it helps to know why pilots were told to use their eyes in the first place.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f4f6fa;border:1px solid #e2e7ee;padding:18px 22px;margin:22px 0 28px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;font-weight:700;color:#0d1117;font-size:17px\">Quick Facts<\/p><ul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:20px;line-height:1.75\"><li><strong>VID:<\/strong> Visual identification: a pilot confirms a target's type, markings or nationality by sight before engaging<\/li><li><strong>Why:<\/strong> Radar and IFF (identification friend or foe) can be wrong, missing or spoofed<\/li><li><strong>BVR record:<\/strong> Western air forces scored four beyond-visual-range kills out of 528 air-to-air kills from 1965 to 1982, according to a 2005 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-states-air-force\/\">USAF<\/a> study<\/li><li><strong>Worst VID failure:<\/strong> 14 April 1994: two USAF F-15s shot down two US Army Black Hawks over Iraq after a visual pass, killing 26<\/li><li><strong>Peacetime use:<\/strong> Air policing intercepts, where fighters fly alongside an aircraft to identify it<\/li><li><strong>Latest change:<\/strong> Poland plans to allow shoot-downs based on radar data without visual confirmation<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Why Radar Was Never Enough<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The long-range air-to-air missile was supposed to end the dogfight. It did not. According to a 2005 paper by USAF officer Patrick Higby, cited on Wikipedia, western air forces scored only four beyond-visual-range kills out of 528 air-to-air kills between 1965 and 1982. Most were made with guns or short-range missiles. The main reason was not the missiles themselves. It was that pilots, and the people who wrote their rules of engagement, did not trust a radar contact enough to shoot at something they could not see.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The fear was simple. A blip on a radar screen does not tell you whether it is an enemy fighter, a friendly jet with a broken transponder or an airliner that has strayed off course. Identification friend or foe (IFF) systems help, but they can fail, be switched off or be set to the wrong code. The only way to be sure was to fly close enough to see.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/pe46SmN_tjo\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p style=\"font-size:14px;color:#666;font-style:italic\">Sky News with an RAF quick reaction alert crew, on how intercepts are flown and when a shoot-down could be ordered. Video: Sky News.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">When Eyes Get It Wrong<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Visual identification is not foolproof either. The clearest proof came on 14 April 1994 over northern Iraq, during Operation Provide Comfort. Two USAF F-15 pilots picked up two slow, low-flying contacts on radar. Their IFF checks did not confirm them as friendly, so they made visual identification passes. The lead pilot flew past at about 450 knots, 500 feet above and 1,000 feet to one side, and called \"Tally two Hinds,\" meaning Iraqi Mi-24 attack helicopters.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>They were US Army UH-60 Black Hawks carrying 26 people, including American, British, French and Turkish officers and Kurdish civilians. Both were shot down. Everyone on board died.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/uh-60-black-hawk-zakhu-operation-provide-comfort-1991.jpg\" alt=\"UH-60 Black Hawk over a refugee camp near Zakhu during Operation Provide Comfort, 1991\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">A UH-60 Black Hawk over a refugee camp near Zakhu, northern Iraq, during Operation Provide Comfort in 1991. Photo: U.S. Department of Defense, public domain<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #d32f2f;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>&ldquo;I had no doubt when I looked at him that he was a Hind ... The Black Hawk did not even cross my mind.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Captain Eric Wickson, USAF<\/strong> &mdash; lead F-15 pilot, statement after the 1994 Black Hawk shootdown, as recorded on Wikipedia<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The investigation found a long chain of failures, from the helicopters' IFF codes to an AWACS crew that did not intervene. But it also showed the limit of the human eye. A fast pass at a camouflaged helicopter low in a valley, with an expectation of seeing the enemy, produced a confident and fatal mistake.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">VID in Peacetime<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Today, most VID happens with no weapons fired at all. When NATO fighters are scrambled toward a Russian bomber over the North Sea, or when NORAD F-16s chase a light aircraft that has blundered into restricted airspace, the job is to get close, read the markings and report what is there. Quick reaction alert crews photograph the aircraft, note its registration and escort it until it leaves.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/russian-tu-95-bear-h-seen-from-raf-typhoon-qra.jpg\" alt=\"Russian Tu-95 Bear-H photographed from an RAF Typhoon on quick reaction alert\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">A Russian Tu-95 Bear-H photographed from an RAF Typhoon on a quick reaction alert mission. Close-in photographs like this are part of visual identification. Photo: Royal Air Force \/ MOD, Open Government Licence<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>That approach works when the threat is a large, crewed aircraft that is not trying to attack. It works much less well against a small, fast drone or a cruise missile flying at night, which is exactly what Poland now faces.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Poland Changes the Rule<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>On 23 September 2026, Poland's deputy defence minister Cezary Tomczyk announced plans to let pilots engage without seeing the target, and he repeated the plan on 28 September. Under the new procedures, pilots and commanders would be able to rely on radar readings and other data entering the air defence system. Tomczyk said such authority is usually reserved for wartime, but that daily incursions leave Poland no choice.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"max-width:550px;margin:0 auto 28px\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/embed\/Tweet.html?id=2102836934523724260&theme=light\" style=\"width:100%;height:480px;border:none;overflow:hidden\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>&ldquo;Given the threat, and given that Poland today faces the possibility of drones entering our territory every day, we must introduce such changes.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Cezary Tomczyk<\/strong> &mdash; Deputy Defence Minister of Poland, 28 September 2026, as quoted by The Kyiv Independent<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Polish fighters were in the air again the same day, as Russia struck targets in western Ukraine.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"max-width:550px;margin:0 auto 28px\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/embed\/Tweet.html?id=2104585569758028165&theme=light\" style=\"width:100%;height:480px;border:none;overflow:hidden\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The trade-off is the oldest one in air defence. Shooting later and closer reduces the risk of hitting the wrong aircraft. Shooting earlier and farther reduces the risk of letting a real threat through. For fifty years, VID tilted the balance toward caution. Poland is betting that sensors, data links and the reality of drone warfare now justify tilting it back.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Update: The New Rule Took Effect on 1 October<\/h2>\n\n<p>The plan is now in force. Since 1 October 2026, Polish forces may engage an aerial object on what the military calls positive identification: radar data, information from other systems and intelligence, including information passed on by Ukraine, without a pilot first flying close enough to see it. Defence minister W\u0142adys\u0142aw Kosiniak-Kamysz said no change to the law was needed. The new rules were introduced as internal procedures of the Operational Command, whose commander, Gen. Ireneusz Nowak, is responsible for Polish airspace and can authorise pilots to fire. They apply to fighter aircraft and helicopters.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>&ldquo;&hellip;will be the basis for the operational commander and for the pilot to use force.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Cezary Tomczyk<\/strong> &mdash; Deputy Defence Minister of Poland, on radar information combined with an object entering a no-fly zone, as reported by Grosswald<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Two questions remain open. The procedures themselves have not been published. And the public statements do not distinguish between drones, missiles and crewed aircraft, so it is not clear whether a manned aircraft could be engaged on sensor data alone. For a rule that changes fifty years of caution, that is the detail that matters most.<\/p>\n\n<p><em>Sources: Grosswald, &ldquo;Poland&rsquo;s Positive-Identification Rule Takes Effect on 1 October&rdquo;; Ukrainska Pravda \/ Eurointegration (1 October 2026); RBC-Ukraine; Wikipedia (1994 Black Hawk shootdown incident; Beyond-visual-range missile), USAF Aircraft Accident Investigation Board, The Kyiv Independent, Grosswald, Sky News, Dow\u00f3dztwo Operacyjne RSZ on X. Featured image: Royal Air Force \/ MOD, OGL<\/em><\/p>\n\n<!-- mfsh:bottom -->\n\n<button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-trigger mfsh-bottom\" data-mfsh-placement=\"bottom\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><svg><use href=\"#mfsh-i-share\"\/><\/svg>Share this story<\/button>\n\n<!-- \/mfsh:bottom -->\n\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<style>.mfq{margin:34px 0 8px}.mfq h2{font:26px\/1.3 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;padding-top:22px;margin:0 0 6px}.mfq .qa details{border-top:1px solid #5C91FF;margin:0;padding:0}.mfq .qa details:last-of-type{border-bottom:1px solid #e2e7ee}.mfq .qa summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;padding:22px 26px;font:18px\/1.7 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117}.mfq .qa summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.mfq .qa summary::after{content:\"+\";font:24px Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#3568e0;flex:0 0 auto}.mfq .qa details[open] summary::after{content:\"\\2013\"}.mfq .qa details:hover summary{color:#3568e0}.mfq .qa .a{font:16px\/1.7 \"Gilroy regular\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#454e5e;padding:0 26px 24px}.mfq .qa .a a{color:#3568e0}@media(max-width:680px){.mfq .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}.mfq .qa .a{padding:0 14px 20px}}<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n<section class=\"mfq\"><h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2><div class=\"qa\"><details open><summary>What is visual identification (VID) in air combat?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Visual identification, or VID, is when a fighter pilot flies close enough to confirm an aircraft's type, markings or nationality by sight before engaging it. It has long been required by many rules of engagement because radar and identification friend or foe (IFF) systems can be wrong or incomplete.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why did fighter pilots have to see the target before shooting?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Radar contacts do not reliably show whether an aircraft is hostile, friendly or civilian, and IFF transponders can fail or be switched off. Requiring visual identification reduced the risk of shooting down friendly or civilian aircraft, but it also meant long-range missiles were often fired at short range.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How many beyond-visual-range kills were there before 1982?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">According to a 2005 paper by USAF officer Patrick Higby, western air forces scored only four beyond-visual-range kills out of 528 air-to-air kills between 1965 and 1982. Most kills were made with guns or short-range missiles.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What happened in the 1994 Black Hawk shootdown?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">On 14 April 1994, two USAF F-15 pilots over northern Iraq misidentified two US Army UH-60 Black Hawks as Iraqi Mi-24 Hind helicopters after visual identification passes, and shot both down. All 26 people on board were killed.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What did Poland change about visual identification?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Since 1 October 2026, Polish fighter pilots and commanders may engage aircraft, drones and missiles on the basis of radar data, other sensor systems and intelligence, including information from Ukraine, without first confirming the target visually. The change was announced in September 2026 by deputy defence minister Cezary Tomczyk and was made through internal Operational Command procedures rather than a new law.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can Poland shoot down a crewed aircraft without seeing it?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The procedures in force since 1 October 2026 have not been published, and public statements describe them for aerial objects in general, including drones and missiles. Whether a crewed aircraft would be treated the same way as an unmanned one on the basis of radar and sensor data alone has not been made clear.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is visual identification (VID) in air combat?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Visual identification, or VID, is when a fighter pilot flies close enough to confirm an aircraft's type, markings or nationality by sight before engaging it. It has long been required by many rules of engagement because radar and identification friend or foe (IFF) systems can be wrong or incomplete.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why did fighter pilots have to see the target before shooting?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Radar contacts do not reliably show whether an aircraft is hostile, friendly or civilian, and IFF transponders can fail or be switched off. Requiring visual identification reduced the risk of shooting down friendly or civilian aircraft, but it also meant long-range missiles were often fired at short range.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How many beyond-visual-range kills were there before 1982?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"According to a 2005 paper by USAF officer Patrick Higby, western air forces scored only four beyond-visual-range kills out of 528 air-to-air kills between 1965 and 1982. Most kills were made with guns or short-range missiles.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What happened in the 1994 Black Hawk shootdown?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"On 14 April 1994, two USAF F-15 pilots over northern Iraq misidentified two US Army UH-60 Black Hawks as Iraqi Mi-24 Hind helicopters after visual identification passes, and shot both down. All 26 people on board were killed.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What did Poland change about visual identification?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Since 1 October 2026, Polish fighter pilots and commanders may engage aircraft, drones and missiles on the basis of radar data, other sensor systems and intelligence, including information from Ukraine, without first confirming the target visually. The change was announced in September 2026 by deputy defence minister Cezary Tomczyk and was made through internal Operational Command procedures rather than a new law.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Can Poland shoot down a crewed aircraft without seeing it?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The procedures in force since 1 October 2026 have not been published, and public statements describe them for aerial objects in general, including drones and missiles. Whether a crewed aircraft would be treated the same way as an unmanned one on the basis of radar and sensor data alone has not been made clear.\"}}]}<\/script><div style=\"background:#f0f4ff;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:16px 20px;margin:32px 0 8px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600;color:#333\">Related Posts<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/provide-comfort-1994-black-hawk-shootdown-friendly-fire\/\">Operation Provide Comfort: When Two F-15s Shot Down Two Black Hawks<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/norad-chicago-intercepts-f-16-flares-tfr-presidents-cup-2026\/\">NORAD Chicago Intercepts: F-16s Flare Planes During Trump Visit<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/iran-air-flight-655-uss-vincennes-shootdown-1988\/\">The Iran Air 655 Tragedy: When a Warship Shot Down an Airliner<\/a><\/p><\/div>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For decades, fighter pilots had to see a target before shooting it. Why visual identification mattered, where it failed, and why Poland is now dropping it.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":25470138,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[664],"tags":[675],"class_list":["post-25470491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-military-aviation","tag-priority-1"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Visual Identification: Why Pilots Need Eyes On | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Why fighter pilots had to make a visual identification before shooting, how VID failed in 1994, and why Poland now lets pilots fire on radar data.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Visual Identification: Why Pilots Need Eyes On | MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Why fighter pilots had to make a visual identification before shooting, how VID failed in 1994, and why Poland now lets pilots fire on radar data.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Afterburner - MiGFlug&#039;s Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-09-29T08:34:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-05T08:45:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/raf-typhoon-qra-intercepts-russian-tu-95-bear-h.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"923\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Tamika Johnson\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@migflug\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@migflug\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Tamika Johnson\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Tamika Johnson\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/88afb39d0a02d6de10537662492fb68d\"},\"headline\":\"Visual Identification: Why Fighter Pilots Needed Eyes on the Target\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-29T08:34:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-05T08:45:47+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1596,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/raf-typhoon-qra-intercepts-russian-tu-95-bear-h.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"priority-1\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Military Aviation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\\\/\",\"name\":\"Visual Identification: Why Pilots Need Eyes On | MiGFlug\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/raf-typhoon-qra-intercepts-russian-tu-95-bear-h.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-29T08:34:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-05T08:45:47+00:00\",\"description\":\"Why fighter pilots had to make a visual identification before shooting, how VID failed in 1994, and why Poland now lets pilots fire on radar data.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/raf-typhoon-qra-intercepts-russian-tu-95-bear-h.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/raf-typhoon-qra-intercepts-russian-tu-95-bear-h.jpg\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":923,\"caption\":\"RAF quick reaction alert Typhoon alongside a Russian Tu-95 Bear-H\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Startseite\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Visual Identification: Why Fighter Pilots Needed Eyes on the Target\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/\",\"name\":\"Afterburner - MiGFlug's Magazine\",\"description\":\"for those interested in flying military jets and aviation related  topics\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"MiGFlug GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\\\/cb:0e0_.b970\\\/w:897\\\/h:278\\\/q:mauto\\\/ig:avif\\\/https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/MIGFLUG_LOGO-no-background.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\\\/cb:0e0_.b970\\\/w:897\\\/h:278\\\/q:mauto\\\/ig:avif\\\/https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/MIGFLUG_LOGO-no-background.png\",\"width\":897,\"height\":278,\"caption\":\"MiGFlug GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/MiGFlug\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/migflug\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/migflug\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/user\\\/MiGFlug\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/migflug.com\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.ch\\\/migflug\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/88afb39d0a02d6de10537662492fb68d\",\"name\":\"Tamika Johnson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0aec3158aff3d47ac0cba1da9c62fe9994a454e4e6a14b6260de35a598abdb4d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0aec3158aff3d47ac0cba1da9c62fe9994a454e4e6a14b6260de35a598abdb4d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0aec3158aff3d47ac0cba1da9c62fe9994a454e4e6a14b6260de35a598abdb4d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Tamika Johnson\"},\"description\":\"Tamika Johnson tells the human stories of aviation \u2014 the pilots, pioneers and characters behind the machines.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/de\\\/author\\\/tamikajohnson\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Visual Identification: Why Pilots Need Eyes On | MiGFlug","description":"Why fighter pilots had to make a visual identification before shooting, how VID failed in 1994, and why Poland now lets pilots fire on radar data.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\/","og_locale":"de_DE","og_type":"article","og_title":"Visual Identification: Why Pilots Need Eyes On | MiGFlug","og_description":"Why fighter pilots had to make a visual identification before shooting, how VID failed in 1994, and why Poland now lets pilots fire on radar data.","og_url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\/","og_site_name":"Afterburner - MiGFlug's Magazine","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/","article_published_time":"2026-09-29T08:34:42+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-10-05T08:45:47+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1280,"height":923,"url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/raf-typhoon-qra-intercepts-russian-tu-95-bear-h.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Tamika Johnson","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@migflug","twitter_site":"@migflug","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Tamika Johnson","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\/"},"author":{"name":"Tamika Johnson","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/#\/schema\/person\/88afb39d0a02d6de10537662492fb68d"},"headline":"Visual Identification: Why Fighter Pilots Needed Eyes on the Target","datePublished":"2026-09-29T08:34:42+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-05T08:45:47+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\/"},"wordCount":1596,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/raf-typhoon-qra-intercepts-russian-tu-95-bear-h.jpg","keywords":["priority-1"],"articleSection":["Military Aviation"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\/","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\/","name":"Visual Identification: Why Pilots Need Eyes On | MiGFlug","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/raf-typhoon-qra-intercepts-russian-tu-95-bear-h.jpg","datePublished":"2026-09-29T08:34:42+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-05T08:45:47+00:00","description":"Why fighter pilots had to make a visual identification before shooting, how VID failed in 1994, and why Poland now lets pilots fire on radar data.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/raf-typhoon-qra-intercepts-russian-tu-95-bear-h.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/raf-typhoon-qra-intercepts-russian-tu-95-bear-h.jpg","width":1280,"height":923,"caption":"RAF quick reaction alert Typhoon alongside a Russian Tu-95 Bear-H"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/visual-identification-vid-fighter-pilots-rules-of-engagement-poland\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Startseite","item":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Visual Identification: Why Fighter Pilots Needed Eyes on the Target"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/#website","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/","name":"Afterburner \u2013 MiGFlugs Magazin","description":"F\u00fcr alle, die sich f\u00fcr das Fliegen von Milit\u00e4rjets und verwandte Luftfahrtthemen interessieren.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/#organization","name":"MiGFlug GmbH","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:0e0_.b970\/w:897\/h:278\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/06\/MIGFLUG_LOGO-no-background.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:0e0_.b970\/w:897\/h:278\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/06\/MIGFLUG_LOGO-no-background.png","width":897,"height":278,"caption":"MiGFlug GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/","https:\/\/x.com\/migflug","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/migflug\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/MiGFlug","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/migflug.com\/","https:\/\/www.pinterest.ch\/migflug\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/#\/schema\/person\/88afb39d0a02d6de10537662492fb68d","name":"Tamika Johnson","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0aec3158aff3d47ac0cba1da9c62fe9994a454e4e6a14b6260de35a598abdb4d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0aec3158aff3d47ac0cba1da9c62fe9994a454e4e6a14b6260de35a598abdb4d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0aec3158aff3d47ac0cba1da9c62fe9994a454e4e6a14b6260de35a598abdb4d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Tamika Johnson"},"description":"Tamika Johnson erz\u00e4hlt die menschlichen Geschichten der Luftfahrt \u2013 die Piloten, Pioniere und Pers\u00f6nlichkeiten hinter den Maschinen.","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/author\/tamikajohnson\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25470491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25470491"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25470491\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26663841,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25470491\/revisions\/26663841"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25470138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25470491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25470491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25470491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}