{"id":28858003,"date":"2026-10-20T11:42:24","date_gmt":"2026-10-20T09:42:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\/"},"modified":"2026-10-20T11:44:23","modified_gmt":"2026-10-20T09:44:23","slug":"hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\/","title":{"rendered":"Hawker Typhoon: The Failed Interceptor That Ruled Normandy"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\r\n<!-- mfsh:top -->\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n.mfsh-trigger{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;height:44px;padding:0 18px;margin:0 0 26px;border:2px solid #0F1720;background:#fff;color:#0F1720;font-family:inherit;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;cursor:pointer;box-shadow:none;transition:background .15s,color .15s}\r\n.mfsh-trigger:hover,.mfsh-trigger:focus-visible{background:#0F1720;color:#fff;outline:none}\r\n.mfsh-trigger svg{width:18px;height:18px;display:block;flex-shrink:0}\r\n.mfsh-trigger.mfsh-bottom{margin:8px 0 28px}\r\n.mfsh-meta{position:relative;padding-right:190px}\r\n.mfsh-trigger.mfsh-inmeta{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;margin:0;height:30px;padding:0 8.9px;font-size:13px}\r\n.mfsh-trigger.mfsh-inmeta svg{width:16px;height:16px}\r\n.mfsh-overlay{position:fixed;inset:0;background:rgba(15,23,32,.55);z-index:99999;display:flex;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:center;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;transition:opacity .2s}\r\n.mfsh-overlay.mfsh-open{opacity:1;pointer-events:auto}\r\n.mfsh-sheet{width:100%;max-width:520px;background:#fff;color:#0F1720;padding:18px 20px 28px;transform:translateY(24px);transition:transform .22s;box-shadow:0 12px 32px rgba(15,23,32,.25);font-family:inherit;max-height:92vh;overflow:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}\r\n.mfsh-overlay.mfsh-open .mfsh-sheet{transform:none}\r\n@media (min-width:640px){.mfsh-overlay{align-items:center}.mfsh-sheet{padding-bottom:20px}}\r\n.mfsh-head{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;margin:0 0 14px}\r\n.mfsh-head strong{font-size:18px;font-weight:800;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;line-height:1}\r\n.mfsh-head strong svg{width:18px;height:18px}\r\n.mfsh-close{background:none;border:0;padding:6px;margin:0;cursor:pointer;color:#0F1720;line-height:0;box-shadow:none}\r\n.mfsh-close svg{width:18px;height:18px}\r\n.mfsh-preview{display:grid;grid-template-columns:96px 1fr;gap:12px;border:1px solid #DCE3EE;background:#F5F7FB;padding:10px;margin:0 0 12px;align-items:center}\r\n.mfsh-preview img{width:96px;height:72px;object-fit:cover;display:block;margin:0}\r\n.mfsh-preview .mfsh-kicker{font-size:10px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#5C91FF;margin:0 0 4px;line-height:1.2}\r\n.mfsh-preview .mfsh-title{font-size:14px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;margin:0;display:block}\r\n.mfsh-list{display:grid;margin:0;padding:0}\r\n.mfsh-item{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;height:50px;width:100%;border:0;border-top:1px solid #DCE3EE;background:none;padding:0 4px;margin:0;text-align:left;font-family:inherit;font-size:15px;font-weight:600;color:#0F1720;cursor:pointer;box-shadow:none;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;line-height:1}\r\n.mfsh-item:hover,.mfsh-item:focus-visible{background:#F5F7FB;outline:none}\r\n.mfsh-item svg{width:20px;height:20px;color:#5C91FF;flex-shrink:0;display:block}\r\n.mfsh-item small{margin-left:auto;color:#5B6674;font-weight:500;font-size:12px}\r\n.mfsh-item.mfsh-done svg{color:#1E9E5A}\r\n.mfsh-toast{position:fixed;left:50%;bottom:32px;transform:translate(-50%,10px);background:#0F1720;color:#fff;padding:10px 16px;font-weight:700;font-size:13px;font-family:inherit;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;transition:opacity .2s,transform .2s;z-index:100000}\r\n.mfsh-toast.mfsh-show{opacity:1;transform:translate(-50%,0)}\r\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.mfsh-overlay,.mfsh-sheet,.mfsh-toast,.mfsh-trigger{transition:none}}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<svg width=\"0\" height=\"0\" style=\"position:absolute\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-share\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.9\" stroke-linecap=\"square\" d=\"M12 3v12M8 7l4-4 4 4M5 12v8h14v-8\"\/><\/symbol>\r\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-close\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"square\" d=\"m5 5 14 14M19 5 5 19\"\/><\/symbol>\r\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-wa\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M12 2a10 10 0 0 0-8.6 15.1L2 22l5.1-1.3A10 10 0 1 0 12 2Zm0 1.8a8.2 8.2 0 1 1-4.2 15.3l-.3-.2-3 .8.8-2.9-.2-.3A8.2 8.2 0 0 1 12 3.8Zm-3 4.4c-.2 0-.5 0-.8.4-.3.3-1 1-1 2.4s1 2.8 1.2 3c.1.2 2 3.2 5 4.4 2.5 1 3 .8 3.5.7.5 0 1.7-.7 2-1.4.2-.7.2-1.3.1-1.4l-.5-.3-2-1c-.3 0-.5-.1-.7.2l-.9 1.1c-.2.2-.3.2-.6.1-.3-.2-1.3-.5-2.4-1.5-.9-.8-1.5-1.8-1.7-2-.2-.4 0-.5.2-.7l.4-.5.3-.5v-.5l-.9-2.2c-.2-.5-.4-.5-.6-.5H9Z\"\/><\/symbol>\r\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-x\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M17.8 3h3l-6.7 7.7L22 21h-6.2l-4.8-6.3L5.4 21h-3l7.2-8.2L2 3h6.3l4.4 5.8L17.8 3Zm-1.1 16.2h1.7L7.4 4.7H5.6l11.1 14.5Z\"\/><\/symbol>\r\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-fb\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M13.5 22v-8h2.7l.4-3.2h-3.1V8.8c0-.9.3-1.6 1.6-1.6h1.7V4.4c-.3 0-1.3-.1-2.5-.1-2.5 0-4.1 1.5-4.1 4.2v2.3H7.4V14h2.8v8h3.3Z\"\/><\/symbol>\r\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-li\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M6.5 8.5H3V21h3.5V8.5ZM4.8 3a2 2 0 1 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0-4ZM21 13.4c0-3.4-1.8-5.2-4.5-5.2-1.6 0-2.7.8-3.2 1.7V8.5H9.9V21h3.4v-6.4c0-1.7.6-2.8 2.1-2.8 1.4 0 2 1 2 2.8V21H21v-7.6Z\"\/><\/symbol>\r\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-rd\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M22 12.1a2.4 2.4 0 0 0-4.1-1.7 11.7 11.7 0 0 0-5.5-1.7l1-4.5 3.1.7a1.7 1.7 0 1 0 .2-1l-3.6-.8a.5.5 0 0 0-.6.4l-1.1 5.2a11.8 11.8 0 0 0-5.8 1.7A2.4 2.4 0 1 0 3 14.3v.5c0 3.4 4 6.2 9 6.2s9-2.8 9-6.2v-.5a2.4 2.4 0 0 0 1-2.2ZM7.5 13.8a1.7 1.7 0 1 1 3.4 0 1.7 1.7 0 0 1-3.4 0Zm8.9 4.5c-1.2 1.2-3.4 1.3-4.4 1.3s-3.3-.1-4.4-1.3a.5.5 0 0 1 .7-.7c.7.8 2.4 1 3.7 1s2.9-.2 3.7-1a.5.5 0 0 1 .7.7Zm-.6-2.8a1.7 1.7 0 1 1 0-3.4 1.7 1.7 0 0 1 0 3.4Z\"\/><\/symbol>\r\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-tg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M21.9 4.6 18.7 19.9c-.2 1-.9 1.3-1.7.8l-4.9-3.6-2.3 2.3c-.3.3-.5.5-1 .5l.4-5 9-8.2c.4-.3-.1-.5-.6-.2L6.4 13.5 1.6 12c-1-.3-1.1-1 .2-1.5l18.8-7.2c.9-.3 1.6.2 1.3 1.3Z\"\/><\/symbol>\r\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-mail\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.8\" d=\"M3 6h18v12H3z\"\/><path fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.8\" d=\"m3 7 9 6 9-6\"\/><\/symbol>\r\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.9\" stroke-linecap=\"square\" d=\"M10 14a4 4 0 0 0 5.7 0l3-3a4 4 0 0 0-5.7-5.7l-1.5 1.5M14 10a4 4 0 0 0-5.7 0l-3 3a4 4 0 0 0 5.7 5.7l1.5-1.5\"\/><\/symbol>\r\n  <symbol id=\"mfsh-i-more\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/><circle cx=\"19\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/><\/symbol>\r\n<\/svg>\r\n<span class=\"mfsh-top-slot\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-trigger\" data-mfsh-placement=\"top\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><svg><use href=\"#mfsh-i-share\"\/><\/svg>Share this story<\/button><\/span>\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n  if (window.__mfsh) return; window.__mfsh = true;\r\n  var SECTION = 'afterburner';\r\n  function meta(p){ var m=document.querySelector('meta[property=\"'+p+'\"]'); return m ? m.getAttribute('content') : ''; }\r\n  function pageUrl(){ var c=document.querySelector('link[rel=\"canonical\"]'); return (c && c.href) || (location.origin + location.pathname); }\r\n  function pageTitle(){ var h=document.querySelector('h1.entry-title'); return (h && h.textContent.trim()) || meta('og:title') || document.title; }\r\n  function slug(){ return location.pathname.replace(\/\\\/+$\/,'').split('\/').pop() || 'home'; }\r\n  function kicker(){ var c=document.querySelector('.et_pb_title_container a[rel=\"category tag\"], .et_pb_title_container a[rel=\"category\"], a[rel=\"category tag\"]'); return 'Afterburner' + (c && c.textContent.trim() ? ' \u00b7 ' + c.textContent.trim() : ''); }\r\n  function shareUrl(ch, placement){ return pageUrl() + '?utm_source=share&utm_medium=' + ch + '&utm_campaign=' + SECTION + '&utm_content=sheet_' + placement; }\r\n  function track(ch, placement, extra){\r\n    window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];\r\n    var ev = { event:'share', share_channel:ch, share_variant:'sheet', share_placement:placement, page_section:SECTION, content_id:slug() };\r\n    if (extra) for (var k in extra) ev[k]=extra[k];\r\n    window.dataLayer.push(ev);\r\n  }\r\n  var CH = [\r\n    ['whatsapp','WhatsApp','mfsh-i-wa',''],\r\n    ['x','X','mfsh-i-x',''],\r\n    ['facebook','Facebook','mfsh-i-fb',''],\r\n    ['linkedin','LinkedIn','mfsh-i-li',''],\r\n    ['reddit','Reddit','mfsh-i-rd','r\/aviation, r\/WarplanePorn'],\r\n    ['telegram','Telegram','mfsh-i-tg',''],\r\n    ['email','Email','mfsh-i-mail',''],\r\n    ['copy','Copy link','mfsh-i-link',''],\r\n    ['native','More','mfsh-i-more','Instagram, Signal, AirDrop']\r\n  ];\r\n  var overlay, toastEl, toastT, placement = 'top';\r\n  function build(){\r\n    overlay = document.createElement('div'); overlay.className = 'mfsh-overlay'; overlay.setAttribute('role','dialog'); overlay.setAttribute('aria-modal','true'); overlay.setAttribute('aria-label','Share');\r\n    var img = meta('og:image');\r\n    var items = CH.filter(function(c){ return c[0] !== 'native' || !!navigator.share; }).map(function(c){\r\n      return '<button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-item\" data-mfsh-ch=\"'+c[0]+'\"><svg><use href=\"#'+c[2]+'\"\/><\/svg>'+c[1]+(c[3]?'<small>'+c[3]+'<\/small>':'')+'<\/button>';\r\n    }).join('');\r\n    overlay.innerHTML = '<div class=\"mfsh-sheet\"><div class=\"mfsh-head\"><strong><svg><use href=\"#mfsh-i-share\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/strong><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-close\" aria-label=\"Close\"><svg><use href=\"#mfsh-i-close\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"mfsh-preview\">' + (img ? '<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"'+img+'\" alt=\"\">' : '<span><\/span>') + '<div><div class=\"mfsh-kicker\">'+kicker()+'<\/div><span class=\"mfsh-title\">'+pageTitle()+'<\/span><\/div><\/div>'\r\n      + '<div class=\"mfsh-list\">'+items+'<\/div><\/div>';\r\n    document.body.appendChild(overlay);\r\n    toastEl = document.createElement('div'); toastEl.className = 'mfsh-toast'; document.body.appendChild(toastEl);\r\n    overlay.addEventListener('click', function(e){\r\n      if (e.target === overlay || e.target.closest('.mfsh-close')) { close(); return; }\r\n      var b = e.target.closest('.mfsh-item'); if (b) act(b.getAttribute('data-mfsh-ch'), b);\r\n    });\r\n    document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){ if (e.key === 'Escape') close(); });\r\n  }\r\n  function open(p){ placement = p || 'top'; if (!overlay) build(); overlay.classList.add('mfsh-open'); track('open', placement); }\r\n  function close(){ if (overlay) overlay.classList.remove('mfsh-open'); }\r\n  function toast(m){ toastEl.textContent = m; toastEl.classList.add('mfsh-show'); clearTimeout(toastT); toastT = setTimeout(function(){ toastEl.classList.remove('mfsh-show'); }, 1600); }\r\n  function act(ch, btn){\r\n    var url = shareUrl(ch, placement), t = pageTitle(), enc = encodeURIComponent;\r\n    if (ch === 'copy') {\r\n      var done = function(){ toast('Link copied'); btn.classList.add('mfsh-done'); setTimeout(function(){ btn.classList.remove('mfsh-done'); close(); }, 900); };\r\n      track(ch, placement);\r\n      if (navigator.clipboard && navigator.clipboard.writeText) navigator.clipboard.writeText(url).then(done, done); else done();\r\n      return;\r\n    }\r\n    if (ch === 'native') {\r\n      track(ch, placement, { share_result:'opened' });\r\n      navigator.share({ title:t, text:t, url:url }).then(function(){ track('native', placement, { share_result:'completed' }); close(); }).catch(function(){});\r\n      return;\r\n    }\r\n    var target = {\r\n      whatsapp: 'https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send?text=' + enc(t + ' ' + url),\r\n      x:        'https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=' + enc(t) + '&url=' + enc(url) + '&via=MiGFlug',\r\n      facebook: 'https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=' + enc(url),\r\n      linkedin: 'https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/sharing\/share-offsite\/?url=' + enc(url),\r\n      reddit:   'https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/submit?url=' + enc(url) + '&title=' + enc(t),\r\n      telegram: 'https:\/\/t.me\/share\/url?url=' + enc(url) + '&text=' + enc(t),\r\n      email:    'mailto:?subject=' + enc(t) + '&body=' + enc('Thought you would like this, from Afterburner, MiGFlug\\'s magazine:\\n' + t + '\\n' + url)\r\n    }[ch];\r\n    track(ch, placement);\r\n    if (target) { if (ch === 'email') location.href = target; else window.open(target, '_blank', 'noopener,width=680,height=560'); }\r\n    close();\r\n  }\r\n  var mq = window.matchMedia('(min-width:981px)');\r\n  function place(){\r\n    var t = document.querySelector('.mfsh-trigger[data-mfsh-placement=\"top\"]'), slot = document.querySelector('.mfsh-top-slot');\r\n    var meta = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('.et_pb_title_meta_container, .et_post_meta_wrapper .post-meta, .single .post-meta')).filter(function(m){ return m.offsetParent !== null; })[0];\r\n    if (!t || !slot) return;\r\n    if (meta && mq.matches) { meta.classList.add('mfsh-meta'); t.classList.add('mfsh-inmeta'); if (t.parentNode !== meta) meta.appendChild(t); var a = meta.querySelector('a'); if (a) { var pr = document.createElement('span'); pr.style.cssText = 'display:inline-block;width:0;height:0;vertical-align:baseline'; a.appendChild(pr); var base = pr.getBoundingClientRect().bottom; pr.remove(); var fs = parseFloat(getComputedStyle(a).fontSize) || 14, mb = meta.getBoundingClientRect().bottom; t.style.bottom = Math.max(0, mb - (base + fs * 0.12)) + 'px'; } }\r\n    else { t.classList.remove('mfsh-inmeta'); if (t.parentNode !== slot) slot.appendChild(t); }\r\n  }\r\n  if (document.readyState === 'loading') document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', place); else place(); window.addEventListener('load', place); if (document.fonts && document.fonts.ready) document.fonts.ready.then(place); window.addEventListener('resize', place);\r\n  if (mq.addEventListener) mq.addEventListener('change', place); else mq.addListener(place);\r\n  document.addEventListener('click', function(e){ var b = e.target.closest('.mfsh-trigger'); if (b) { e.preventDefault(); open(b.getAttribute('data-mfsh-placement') || 'top'); } });\r\n})();\r\n<\/script><!-- \/mfsh:top -->\r\n\r\n<p>On 9 May 1940, Hawker chief test pilot Philip Lucas looked over his shoulder and saw daylight. The fuselage of the brand-new fighter he was flying had split open just behind his seat. Instead of bailing out, he nursed the crippled prototype back to the ground and was later awarded the George Medal.<\/p>\r\n<p>That aircraft was the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-typhoon\/\">Hawker Typhoon<\/a>, and the incident set the tone for its early life. Designed by Sydney Camm as a fast, high-altitude interceptor to follow the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hurricane\/\">Hawker Hurricane<\/a>, it was slow to climb, poisoned its pilots with carbon monoxide, shed its tail in dives and ran on an engine that hated cold mornings. The <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-kingdom-royal-air-force\/\">Royal Air Force<\/a> seriously considered stopping production.<\/p>\r\n<p>Four years later the same aircraft was the most feared thing in the Normandy sky for German tank crews. This is the story of how a failed interceptor became one of the great ground-attack aircraft of the Second World War.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f4f6f9;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:18px 22px;margin:22px 0 26px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:700;color:#0d1117\">Quick Facts<\/p><ul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:18px\"><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Designer:<\/strong> Sydney Camm, Hawker Aircraft<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>First flight:<\/strong> 24 February 1940, prototype P5212, flown by Philip Lucas<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Engine:<\/strong> Napier Sabre, 24-cylinder H-block, over 2,000 hp<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Armament:<\/strong> Four 20 mm Hispano cannon, plus two bombs of up to 1,000 lb or eight RP-3 rockets<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Entered service:<\/strong> September 1941, with Nos. 56 and 609 Squadrons<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Production:<\/strong> 3,317 built, all but 17 by Gloster at Hucclecote<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Out of service:<\/strong> No longer in operational use by October 1945<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Survivors:<\/strong> One complete aircraft, MN235, at the RAF Museum London; RB396 under restoration to fly<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">A fighter built around a monster engine<\/h2>\r\n<p>Camm started sketching a Hurricane successor even as Hurricane production began in 1937. The Air Ministry's Specification F.18\/37 asked for at least 400 mph at 15,000 feet and a heavy gun armament. Hawker answered with two near-identical airframes: the Tornado, built around the Rolls-Royce Vulture, and the Typhoon, built around the Napier Sabre.<\/p>\r\n<p>The Sabre was extraordinary on paper. Twenty-four cylinders arranged in an H, sleeve valves instead of poppet valves, and more than 2,000 horsepower. In practice it was late, fragile and hard to start in cold weather, and it burned oil as its sleeve valves wore.<\/p>\r\n<p>The airframe had its own handicap. Camm gave it a thick wing, strong and roomy for fuel and guns, but draggy at speed. The Typhoon reached 410 mph at 20,000 feet in tests, and its climb and high-altitude performance disappointed. In fast dives it buffeted and changed trim as compressibility set in. That thick wing is why Camm went on to design the thin-winged Typhoon II, which became the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-tempest\/\">Tempest<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>Wartime priorities slowed everything further. In May 1940, Lord Beaverbrook ordered industry to concentrate on five other types, and Gloster did not fly the first production Typhoon until 27 May 1941.<\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Rushed into service, and it showed<\/h2>\r\n<p>In 1941 the Luftwaffe's new <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fw-190\/\">Focke-Wulf Fw 190<\/a> was outclassing the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\">Spitfire<\/a> V, and the Typhoon was pushed into service with Nos. 56 and 609 Squadrons that autumn to counter it. Aircraft began to go missing for reasons nobody could explain.<\/p>\r\n<p>Some of the answers were in the cockpit. Carbon monoxide from the exhausts seeped in. Longer exhaust stubs arrived in November 1941 as Mod 239, yet the Pilot's Notes still warned that \"unless Mod. No. 239 has been embodied it is most important that oxygen be used at all times\". The fumes were never entirely cured, and Typhoon pilots went on breathing oxygen from engine start to shutdown for the rest of the war.<\/p>\r\n<p>The tail was worse. In August 1942, Hawker test pilot Ken Seth-Smith was killed when R7692, with just 11 flying hours, broke up during a speed run. Investigators found that the elevator mass-balance bracket had failed, allowing flutter that tore the rear fuselage apart. Mod 286 riveted 20 external reinforcing plates around the joint, and every Typhoon without it was withdrawn and modified between December 1942 and March 1943. Tail failures never stopped entirely: in total, 25 aircraft and 23 pilots were lost to them.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><div><em>&ldquo;She roared, screamed, groaned and whined, but apart from being rather heavy on the controls at high speeds she came through her tests with flying colours&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Desmond Scott<\/strong> &mdash; New Zealand commander of No. 486 Squadron, on his first Typhoon flight in March 1943, from his memoir <em>Typhoon Pilot<\/em><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Saved by the Fw 190<\/h2>\r\n<p>What kept the Typhoon alive was the very aircraft it had been rushed out to fight. At low level it was the only RAF fighter fast enough to catch the Fw 190, and through late 1942 and 1943 the Luftwaffe was sending bomb-carrying Fw 190s across the Channel on low-level \"tip and run\" raids against southern England.<\/p>\r\n<p>Typhoon pairs flew standing patrols at 500 feet or lower over the south coast to meet them. No. 486 (New Zealand) Squadron alone claimed 20 fighter-bombers and three bombers between October 1942 and July 1943. Roland Beamont of 609 Squadron, who had flown the type as a Hawker production test pilot, had seen its qualities from the start and became one of its strongest advocates.<\/p>\r\n<p>Its likeness to the Fw 190 brought friendly fire, so Typhoons got white noses and then black-and-white underwing stripes, a forerunner of the D-Day invasion stripes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kiIqTfLc2Jo\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;font-style:italic\">British Movietone newsreel from 26 June 1944 introducing the rocket-firing Typhoon, then the RAF's newest weapon over Normandy.<\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Rockets and the cab rank<\/h2>\r\n<p>By 1943 the RAF needed a ground-attack aircraft more than another pure fighter, and the Typhoon's power made it a natural. Bomb-carrying \"Bombphoons\" served with No. 181 Squadron from autumn 1942, eventually lifting two 1,000 lb bombs, as much as the light bombers of a few years earlier.<\/p>\r\n<p>Then came the rocket. In October 1943, No. 181 Squadron flew the first Typhoon rocket attacks with the RP-3, a three-inch rocket with a 60 lb warhead. A Typhoon carried eight of them on rails under its outer wings, on top of its four 20 mm cannon. They were inaccurate and hard to aim, thrown off by range errors, sideslip and crosswind.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/hawker-typhoon-rp-3-rockets-loading-60lb-warheads.jpg\" alt=\"RAF armourers loading RP-3 rockets with 60 lb warheads onto the underwing rails of a Hawker Typhoon\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">RAF armourers load 60 lb RP-3 rockets onto a Typhoon's underwing rails around 1944. Two of the four 20 mm cannon barrels sit just above the launchers. Photo: British Government \/ Wikimedia Commons, public domain<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n<p>By the Normandy landings in June 1944, the Second Tactical Air Force had 18 operational Typhoon squadrons, with nine more in Fighter Command. To bring them onto targets the troops could see, the RAF and the Army developed the \"cab rank\": RAF radio operators rode with the forward troops, Typhoons orbited overhead on call, and artillery or mortars marked each target with smoke shells.<\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Mortain and the Falaise Gap<\/h2>\r\n<p>The Typhoon's defining day came on 7 August 1944, when German armour struck west at Mortain in Operation L&uuml;ttich, aiming to cut off the American breakout. Typhoon squadrons flew 458 sorties that day, 294 of them against targets around Mortain, while American fighters kept the Luftwaffe away and hit roads behind the front.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #d32f2f;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><div><em>&ldquo;The fighterbombers circled our tanks several times. Then one broke out of the circle, sought its target and fired. As the first pulled back into the circle of about twenty planes, a second pulled out and fired. And so they continued until they had all fired.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Werner Josupeit<\/strong> &mdash; NCO, 2nd SS Panzer-Grenadier Regiment, at Mortain, quoted by Dr Alfred Price in the RAF's Air Power Review<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>The counter-attack stalled. Air Marshal Arthur Coningham, commanding the Second Tactical Air Force, wrote that as the attacks intensified it was \"becoming clear that air history was being made\", and that many German crews abandoned their tanks and took cover away from them.<\/p>\r\n<p>Days later the Germans were trapped in the Falaise pocket, which was finally sealed on 21 August 1944. Flight Lieutenant John Colton, a Sherbrooke-born member of the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-canadian-air-force\/\">Royal Canadian Air Force<\/a> flying Typhoons with No. 137 Squadron, arrived in Normandy on 13 August and flew straight into it. He called it \"the most disastrous operation I ever flew on\", and remembered the cost to the squadron too: diving from 6,000 feet into the flak, the losses were high.<\/p>\r\n<p>The pocket became a killing ground for men, vehicles and the horses that hauled much of the German army's equipment. Colton flew over it a few days after the fighting.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><div><em>&ldquo;A few days later, I flew over the area at 1,000 feet and you could smell the odour of death.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>John Colton<\/strong> &mdash; Typhoon pilot, No. 137 Squadron, interviewed by the Royal Canadian Air Force<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The numbers that did not add up<\/h2>\r\n<p>Pilots' claims were enormous, and the Army's Operational Research sections went out to count the wrecks. At Mortain, Typhoon pilots claimed 84 tanks destroyed, 35 probably destroyed and 21 damaged. A ground search found the remains of only 43 tanks. Seven had been knocked out by air-launched rockets, two by bombs and 19 by ground anti-tank weapons.<\/p>\r\n<p>In the Falaise pocket the picture was similar. Of 385 armoured vehicles examined, rockets accounted for 14, or 3.6 percent. German crews had destroyed 148 themselves and abandoned 121 intact, mostly for lack of fuel. Against lorries and cars, the humble 20 mm cannon did far more damage than the rocket: 377 of 1,361 soft-skinned vehicles examined, against six for rockets.<\/p>\r\n<p>Historian Alfred Price concluded that the rocket's real weapon was fear. Prisoner interrogations showed German tank crews were terrified of rocket attack even though direct hits were rare, and Price argued that physical damage alone could not have halted the Mortain offensive. The bigger effect was on morale, as crews left their tanks and ran for cover.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qexMo-2ZLos\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;font-style:italic\">Independent documentary on the Typhoon pilots' war, made by the grandson of a No. 181 Squadron pilot around the 60th anniversary of D-Day.<\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">One survivor in a museum, one in the jigs<\/h2>\r\n<p>Of 3,317 Typhoons built, two prototypes and 15 production aircraft came from Hawker and 3,300 from Gloster. They vanished almost as fast as they had appeared. By October 1945 the type was out of operational use, and the scrapmen took nearly all of them.<\/p>\r\n<p>The only complete survivor is MN235, which first flew on 8 February 1944 and never saw combat. It was shipped to the United States for evaluation, had a minor accident after nine hours of flying and went into storage, passing to the Smithsonian in 1949. In 1967 the Smithsonian presented it to the RAF Museum, which gave a Hurricane in exchange, and it has been displayed at Hendon since 1972. After a 2013 repaint in No. 440 Squadron RCAF markings and a loan to Canada, it spent the summer of 2018 in the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/display-teams\/battle-of-britain-memorial-flight\/\">Battle of Britain Memorial Flight<\/a> hangar at <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/coningsby\/\">RAF Coningsby<\/a> before returning to Hendon that November.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/hawker-typhoon-mn235-raf-museum-london-hendon.jpg\" alt=\"Hawker Typhoon IB MN235 on display at the RAF Museum London in Hendon, in invasion stripes\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">MN235 at the RAF Museum London in Hendon, photographed before its 2013 repaint. It is the only complete Hawker Typhoon left in the world. Photo: Dapi89 \/ Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n<p>A second Typhoon is coming back, slowly. RB396 joined No. 174 Squadron at the turn of 1945, flew more than 35 combat sorties and was repaired 18 times. On 1 April 1945, flak brought it down near Denekamp in the Netherlands, and its pilot, Flight Lieutenant Chris House, evaded capture. Dutch enthusiasts later saved what was left, and the rear fuselage returned to Britain in 2012.<\/p>\r\n<p>The Hawker Typhoon Preservation Group, a volunteer charity founded in 2016, is rebuilding it to fly as G-TIFY. The rear fuselage, about 80 percent original, was completed by Airframe Assemblies on the Isle of Wight in October 2024. The group estimates the whole project at &pound;5.5 million to &pound;6.5 million, and in 2024 it said the aircraft could fly by the D-Day anniversary in 2029 if support holds. In 2026 its engineer at the Aircraft Restoration Company is rebuilding the tail three days a week, as fast as donations allow, using parts cut from the wreck of another Typhoon, JP600.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dDn4BLIhes0\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;font-style:italic\">The Hawker Typhoon Preservation Group's 2026 update on the RB396 tail rebuild at the Aircraft Restoration Company.<\/p>\r\n<p>For an aircraft that nearly failed before it fought, that is a fitting kind of comeback: slow, stubborn and paid for by people who refuse to let it go.<\/p>\r\n<p><em>Sources: Wikipedia (Hawker Typhoon; Hawker Typhoon Preservation Group; Falaise pocket), BAE Systems Heritage, Dr Alfred Price in RAF Air Power Review, Royal Canadian Air Force, HistoryNet, Vintage Aviation News, Hawker Typhoon Preservation Group<\/em><\/p>\r\n<!-- mfsh:bottom -->\r\n\r\n<button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-trigger mfsh-bottom\" data-mfsh-placement=\"bottom\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><svg><use href=\"#mfsh-i-share\"\/><\/svg>Share this story<\/button>\r\n\r\n<!-- \/mfsh:bottom -->\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<style>.mfq{margin:34px 0 8px}.mfq h2{font:26px\/1.3 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;padding-top:22px;margin:0 0 6px}.mfq .qa details{border-top:1px solid #5C91FF;margin:0;padding:0}.mfq .qa details:last-of-type{border-bottom:1px solid #e2e7ee}.mfq .qa summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;padding:22px 26px;font:18px\/1.7 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117}.mfq .qa summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.mfq .qa summary::after{content:\"+\";font:24px Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#3568e0;flex:0 0 auto}.mfq .qa details[open] summary::after{content:\"\\2013\"}.mfq .qa details:hover summary{color:#3568e0}.mfq .qa .a{font:16px\/1.7 \"Gilroy regular\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#454e5e;padding:0 26px 24px}.mfq .qa .a a{color:#3568e0}@media(max-width:680px){.mfq .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}.mfq .qa .a{padding:0 14px 20px}}<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n<section class=\"mfq\"><h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2><div class=\"qa\"><details open><summary>Why did the Hawker Typhoon fail as an interceptor?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The Hawker Typhoon was designed as a high-altitude interceptor, but its thick wing caused drag and buffeting at high speed, and its climb and high-altitude performance disappointed. Early aircraft also suffered carbon monoxide leaking into the cockpit, tail failures in dives and an unreliable Napier Sabre engine. It found success at low level instead.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What weapons did the Hawker Typhoon carry?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The Hawker Typhoon IB carried four 20 mm Hispano cannon. As a fighter-bomber it could carry two bombs of up to 1,000 lb each, and from October 1943 it could instead carry eight RP-3 rockets, each with a 60 lb warhead, on rails under the outer wings. Early Typhoon IAs had twelve .303 machine guns.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What was the cab rank system used by Typhoons in Normandy?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The cab rank was the close air support system the RAF and British Army used in Normandy in 1944. RAF radio operators travelled with forward troops, Typhoons orbited overhead waiting to be called, and artillery or mortars marked each target with smoke shells so the pilots could attack it with rockets and cannon.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How effective were Typhoon rockets against German tanks?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Less effective than pilots believed. At Mortain in August 1944, Typhoon pilots claimed 84 tanks destroyed, but a ground search found only 43 tank wrecks, seven of them hit by rockets. In the Falaise pocket rockets accounted for 3.6 percent of the armoured vehicles examined. Their biggest effect was fear, which made many crews abandon their tanks.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How many Hawker Typhoons were built?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">A total of 3,317 Hawker Typhoons were built between 1941 and 1945, according to BAE Systems Heritage: two prototypes, 15 production aircraft built by Hawker and 3,300 built by Gloster at Hucclecote. The type was out of operational RAF use by October 1945, and almost all were scrapped.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Where can I see a Hawker Typhoon today?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The only complete Hawker Typhoon, MN235, is on display at the RAF Museum London in Hendon. It first flew in 1944, never saw combat and spent decades in the United States before returning to Britain in 1968. A second Typhoon, RB396, is being rebuilt to flying condition by the Hawker Typhoon Preservation Group.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Will a Hawker Typhoon ever fly again?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The Hawker Typhoon Preservation Group is rebuilding Typhoon RB396, a No. 174 Squadron combat veteran, to fly as G-TIFY. Its rear fuselage was completed in October 2024, and the tail is being rebuilt in 2026. The group estimates the cost at 5.5 to 6.5 million pounds and said in 2024 it could fly by 2029 if funding holds.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why did the Hawker Typhoon fail as an interceptor?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Hawker Typhoon was designed as a high-altitude interceptor, but its thick wing caused drag and buffeting at high speed, and its climb and high-altitude performance disappointed. Early aircraft also suffered carbon monoxide leaking into the cockpit, tail failures in dives and an unreliable Napier Sabre engine. It found success at low level instead.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What weapons did the Hawker Typhoon carry?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Hawker Typhoon IB carried four 20 mm Hispano cannon. As a fighter-bomber it could carry two bombs of up to 1,000 lb each, and from October 1943 it could instead carry eight RP-3 rockets, each with a 60 lb warhead, on rails under the outer wings. Early Typhoon IAs had twelve .303 machine guns.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What was the cab rank system used by Typhoons in Normandy?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The cab rank was the close air support system the RAF and British Army used in Normandy in 1944. RAF radio operators travelled with forward troops, Typhoons orbited overhead waiting to be called, and artillery or mortars marked each target with smoke shells so the pilots could attack it with rockets and cannon.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How effective were Typhoon rockets against German tanks?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Less effective than pilots believed. At Mortain in August 1944, Typhoon pilots claimed 84 tanks destroyed, but a ground search found only 43 tank wrecks, seven of them hit by rockets. In the Falaise pocket rockets accounted for 3.6 percent of the armoured vehicles examined. Their biggest effect was fear, which made many crews abandon their tanks.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How many Hawker Typhoons were built?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A total of 3,317 Hawker Typhoons were built between 1941 and 1945, according to BAE Systems Heritage: two prototypes, 15 production aircraft built by Hawker and 3,300 built by Gloster at Hucclecote. The type was out of operational RAF use by October 1945, and almost all were scrapped.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Where can I see a Hawker Typhoon today?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The only complete Hawker Typhoon, MN235, is on display at the RAF Museum London in Hendon. It first flew in 1944, never saw combat and spent decades in the United States before returning to Britain in 1968. A second Typhoon, RB396, is being rebuilt to flying condition by the Hawker Typhoon Preservation Group.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Will a Hawker Typhoon ever fly again?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Hawker Typhoon Preservation Group is rebuilding Typhoon RB396, a No. 174 Squadron combat veteran, to fly as G-TIFY. Its rear fuselage was completed in October 2024, and the tail is being rebuilt in 2026. The group estimates the cost at 5.5 to 6.5 million pounds and said in 2024 it could fly by 2029 if funding holds.\"}}]}<\/script><div style=\"background:#f0f4ff;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:16px 20px;margin:32px 0 8px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600;color:#333\">Related Posts<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/hawker-tempest-overlooked-best-raf-fighter\/\">The Best RAF Fighter Nobody Remembers<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/focke-wulf-fw-190d-9-dora-long-nose\/\">Fw 190D Dora: The Long-Nose That Arrived Too Late<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/pegasus-bridge-horsa-gliders-d-day-1944\/\">Pegasus Bridge: Six Gliders, No Engines, One Pass<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/the-il-2-sturmovik-the-most-produced-military-aircraft-in-history\/\">The Il-2 Sturmovik: The Most-Produced Military Aircraft in History<\/a><\/p><\/div>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Hawker Typhoon failed as an interceptor, then became the RAF&#8217;s rocket-firing ground-attack weapon in Normandy. Its flaws, Falaise and last survivor.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":28857987,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[666,664],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28858003","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-and-legends","category-military-aviation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hawker Typhoon: Failed Fighter, Normandy Hammer | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Hawker Typhoon failed as an interceptor, then became the RAF&#039;s rocket-firing ground-attack weapon in Normandy. Its flaws, Falaise and last survivor.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hawker Typhoon: Failed Fighter, Normandy Hammer | MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Hawker Typhoon failed as an interceptor, then became the RAF&#039;s rocket-firing ground-attack weapon in Normandy. Its flaws, Falaise and last survivor.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Afterburner - MiGFlug&#039;s Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-10-20T09:42:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-20T09:44:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/hawker-typhoon-mk-ib-486-squadron-jp853-in-flight-1943.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"922\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Connor Kerr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@migflug\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@migflug\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Connor Kerr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"15 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Connor Kerr\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/bc7f2d09b1d7111c45fdb1335b8f2cf9\"},\"headline\":\"Hawker Typhoon: The Failed Interceptor That Ruled Normandy\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-20T09:42:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-20T09:44:23+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2406,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/hawker-typhoon-mk-ib-486-squadron-jp853-in-flight-1943.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"History &amp; Legends\",\"Military Aviation\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\\\/\",\"name\":\"Hawker Typhoon: Failed Fighter, Normandy Hammer | MiGFlug\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/hawker-typhoon-mk-ib-486-squadron-jp853-in-flight-1943.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-20T09:42:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-20T09:44:23+00:00\",\"description\":\"The Hawker Typhoon failed as an interceptor, then became the RAF's rocket-firing ground-attack weapon in Normandy. Its flaws, Falaise and last survivor.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/hawker-typhoon-mk-ib-486-squadron-jp853-in-flight-1943.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/hawker-typhoon-mk-ib-486-squadron-jp853-in-flight-1943.jpg\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":922,\"caption\":\"Hawker Typhoon Mk IB JP853 SA-K of No. 486 Squadron RAF banking in flight with black and white identification stripes under the wings\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Startseite\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Hawker Typhoon: The Failed Interceptor That Ruled Normandy\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/\",\"name\":\"Afterburner - MiGFlug's Magazine\",\"description\":\"for those interested in flying military jets and aviation related  topics\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"MiGFlug GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\\\/cb:0e0_.b970\\\/w:897\\\/h:278\\\/q:mauto\\\/ig:avif\\\/https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/MIGFLUG_LOGO-no-background.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\\\/cb:0e0_.b970\\\/w:897\\\/h:278\\\/q:mauto\\\/ig:avif\\\/https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/4\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/MIGFLUG_LOGO-no-background.png\",\"width\":897,\"height\":278,\"caption\":\"MiGFlug GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/MiGFlug\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/migflug\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/migflug\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/user\\\/MiGFlug\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/migflug.com\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.ch\\\/migflug\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/it\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/bc7f2d09b1d7111c45fdb1335b8f2cf9\",\"name\":\"Connor Kerr\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/ed6d7365eb237a1c91b800bf8dfeb14b8e30a3712ed7fec9e18a70088fc423a9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/ed6d7365eb237a1c91b800bf8dfeb14b8e30a3712ed7fec9e18a70088fc423a9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/ed6d7365eb237a1c91b800bf8dfeb14b8e30a3712ed7fec9e18a70088fc423a9?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Connor Kerr\"},\"description\":\"Connor Kerr writes MiGFlug\u2019s long-form features \u2014 aviation history, how-it-works explainers and the stories behind the headlines.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/afterburner\\\/de\\\/author\\\/connorkerr\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Hawker Typhoon: Failed Fighter, Normandy Hammer | MiGFlug","description":"The Hawker Typhoon failed as an interceptor, then became the RAF's rocket-firing ground-attack weapon in Normandy. Its flaws, Falaise and last survivor.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\/","og_locale":"de_DE","og_type":"article","og_title":"Hawker Typhoon: Failed Fighter, Normandy Hammer | MiGFlug","og_description":"The Hawker Typhoon failed as an interceptor, then became the RAF's rocket-firing ground-attack weapon in Normandy. Its flaws, Falaise and last survivor.","og_url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\/","og_site_name":"Afterburner - MiGFlug's Magazine","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/","article_published_time":"2026-10-20T09:42:24+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-10-20T09:44:23+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1280,"height":922,"url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/hawker-typhoon-mk-ib-486-squadron-jp853-in-flight-1943.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Connor Kerr","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@migflug","twitter_site":"@migflug","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Connor Kerr","Est. reading time":"15 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\/"},"author":{"name":"Connor Kerr","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/#\/schema\/person\/bc7f2d09b1d7111c45fdb1335b8f2cf9"},"headline":"Hawker Typhoon: The Failed Interceptor That Ruled Normandy","datePublished":"2026-10-20T09:42:24+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-20T09:44:23+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\/"},"wordCount":2406,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/hawker-typhoon-mk-ib-486-squadron-jp853-in-flight-1943.jpg","articleSection":["History &amp; Legends","Military Aviation"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\/","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\/","name":"Hawker Typhoon: Failed Fighter, Normandy Hammer | MiGFlug","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/hawker-typhoon-mk-ib-486-squadron-jp853-in-flight-1943.jpg","datePublished":"2026-10-20T09:42:24+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-20T09:44:23+00:00","description":"The Hawker Typhoon failed as an interceptor, then became the RAF's rocket-firing ground-attack weapon in Normandy. Its flaws, Falaise and last survivor.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/hawker-typhoon-mk-ib-486-squadron-jp853-in-flight-1943.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/hawker-typhoon-mk-ib-486-squadron-jp853-in-flight-1943.jpg","width":1280,"height":922,"caption":"Hawker Typhoon Mk IB JP853 SA-K of No. 486 Squadron RAF banking in flight with black and white identification stripes under the wings"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/hawker-typhoon-ww2-rp-3-rockets-normandy-ground-attack\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Startseite","item":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Hawker Typhoon: The Failed Interceptor That Ruled Normandy"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/#website","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/","name":"Afterburner \u2013 MiGFlugs Magazin","description":"F\u00fcr alle, die sich f\u00fcr das Fliegen von Milit\u00e4rjets und verwandte Luftfahrtthemen interessieren.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/#organization","name":"MiGFlug GmbH","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:0e0_.b970\/w:897\/h:278\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/06\/MIGFLUG_LOGO-no-background.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:0e0_.b970\/w:897\/h:278\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/06\/MIGFLUG_LOGO-no-background.png","width":897,"height":278,"caption":"MiGFlug GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/","https:\/\/x.com\/migflug","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/migflug\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/MiGFlug","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/migflug.com\/","https:\/\/www.pinterest.ch\/migflug\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/#\/schema\/person\/bc7f2d09b1d7111c45fdb1335b8f2cf9","name":"Connor Kerr","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ed6d7365eb237a1c91b800bf8dfeb14b8e30a3712ed7fec9e18a70088fc423a9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ed6d7365eb237a1c91b800bf8dfeb14b8e30a3712ed7fec9e18a70088fc423a9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ed6d7365eb237a1c91b800bf8dfeb14b8e30a3712ed7fec9e18a70088fc423a9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Connor Kerr"},"description":"Connor Kerr schreibt die l\u00e4ngeren Artikel f\u00fcr MiGFlug \u2013 Luftfahrtgeschichte, Erkl\u00e4rungen zur Funktionsweise der Luftfahrt und die Geschichten hinter den Schlagzeilen.","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/author\/connorkerr\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28858003","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28858003"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28858003\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28858518,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28858003\/revisions\/28858518"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28857987"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28858003"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28858003"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28858003"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}