{"id":29388448,"date":"2026-10-24T17:45:54","date_gmt":"2026-10-24T15:45:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/thanh-hoa-bridge-dragons-jaw-vietnam-f-105-laser-guided-bombs-1972\/"},"modified":"2026-10-24T17:46:09","modified_gmt":"2026-10-24T15:46:09","slug":"thanh-hoa-bridge-dragons-jaw-vietnam-f-105-laser-guided-bombs-1972","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/thanh-hoa-bridge-dragons-jaw-vietnam-f-105-laser-guided-bombs-1972\/","title":{"rendered":"Thanh Hoa Bridge: The Dragon&rsquo;s Jaw That Took Seven Years to Fall"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\r\n<!-- mfsh:top -->\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n.mfsh-trigger{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;height:44px;padding:0 18px;margin:0 0 26px;border:2px solid 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It carried the only railway in the North Vietnamese panhandle, with a road lane on either side. Locals called it Ham Rong: the Dragon&rsquo;s Jaw.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>On 3 April 1965, American planners expected to drop it in an afternoon. Instead, the Thanh Hoa Bridge soaked up hundreds of bombs that day and the next, and kept standing for seven more years. Wave after wave of US Air Force and US Navy strikes went at it, and aircraft and crews were lost in the attempt.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>What finally broke the Dragon&rsquo;s Jaw was not more bombs. It was better bombs. In 1972, F-4 Phantoms carrying laser-guided weapons did in a few strikes what more than 800 sorties before them had not, and in doing so they opened the age of precision air warfare.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f4f6f9;border:1px solid #e2e7ee;padding:18px 22px;margin:22px 0 26px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:700;color:#0d1117\">Quick Facts<\/p><ul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:18px\"><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Target:<\/strong> Thanh Hoa (Ham Rong) road and rail bridge over the Song Ma, about 70 miles south of Hanoi<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Nickname:<\/strong> The Dragon&rsquo;s Jaw<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Structure:<\/strong> Steel truss, 540 ft long and 56 ft wide, on a 16 ft concrete centre pier; opened 1964<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>First strike:<\/strong> 3 April 1965: almost 80 aircraft led by Lt Col Robinson Risner, including 46 F-105s<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Campaign:<\/strong> More than 870 US sorties, 1965 to 1972; officially 11 US aircraft lost<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Breakthrough:<\/strong> 13 May 1972: 14 F-4 Phantoms of the 8th TFW with laser-guided bombs knock the western span off its abutment<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Final blow:<\/strong> 6 October 1972: four US Navy A-7s from USS <em>America<\/em> break the bridge in half<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Today:<\/strong> Rebuilt after the war and still in use<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">A bridge built to survive<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The French built the first bridge here. In 1945 the Viet Minh destroyed it by exploding two trains loaded with explosives on the span. Reconstruction began in 1957, and Ho Chi Minh opened the new bridge in 1964: a steel through-truss structure 56 feet wide, riding about 50 feet above the water.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>It was massively overbuilt. The centre pier was a reinforced concrete column 16 feet in diameter, and the abutments were anchored in hills on both banks. Supplies flowed across it towards the Ho Chi Minh Trail and the war in the South, so Hanoi defended it accordingly, eventually ringing it with five air defence regiments of anti-aircraft guns.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>When Operation Rolling Thunder began in March 1965, the US Joint Chiefs of Staff rated the bridge the 14th most important target in North Vietnam. It was picked for early attack.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Two days in April 1965<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The first strike, on 3 April 1965, was led by Lieutenant Colonel Robinson Risner, a Korean War ace commanding the 67th Tactical Fighter Squadron at <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/korat\/\">Korat<\/a> in Thailand. His package numbered almost 80 aircraft: 46 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-105-thunderchief\/\">F-105 Thunderchiefs<\/a>, 21 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-100-super-sabre\/\">F-100 Super Sabres<\/a>, two RF-101 reconnaissance jets and ten tankers.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Sixteen of the F-105s carried a pair of AGM-12 Bullpup missiles, an early guided weapon the pilot steered by radio with a small joystick. The rest carried 750-pound bombs. The Bullpups hit, but their 250-pound warheads did little more than char the steel. One pilot said they simply bounced off.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/thanh-hoa-bridge-recon-pre-post-strike-april-1965.jpg\" alt=\"Pre-strike and post-strike reconnaissance photos of the Thanh Hoa Bridge over the Song Ma river, February and April 1965\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">US reconnaissance photos of the Thanh Hoa Bridge before the campaign (19 February 1965) and after the first strike (3 April 1965). Sections were damaged, but the bridge stood. US Air Force via A.J.C. Lavalle (ed.), USAF Southeast Asia Monograph Series \/ public domain<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>An F-100 and an RF-101 were shot down, and Risner nursed his damaged Thunderchief back to Da Nang. The next day he went back with 48 F-105s carrying only bombs. Some 300 bombs struck the bridge. Traffic stopped for a while. The bridge did not fall.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Worse, a handful of subsonic <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-17-fresco\/\">MiG-17s<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/vietnam-air-defence-air-force\/\">North Vietnamese air force<\/a> slipped past the escorts and shot down two bomb-laden F-105s, the MiG-17&rsquo;s first kills of the war. Another Thunderchief pilot, Captain Carlyle &ldquo;Smitty&rdquo; Harris, was brought down near the bridge and spent the rest of the war as a prisoner in Hanoi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0 8px\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/SqS-TpTkr_E\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;font-style:italic;margin:0 0 24px\">Archival footage of a 1965 Rolling Thunder attack on the Thanh Hoa Bridge, including a Bullpup missile striking the span.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Risner received the Air Force Cross for the two missions and appeared on the cover of <em>Time<\/em> that month. On 16 September 1965 he was shot down again, this time about ten miles from the Thanh Hoa Bridge, and spent more than seven years as a prisoner of war.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/f-105d-thunderchief-61-0217-risner-1965.jpg\" alt=\"Republic F-105D Thunderchief serial 61-0217 parked on a ramp in 1965\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">F-105D 61-0217 in 1965. This Thunderchief was shot down by anti-aircraft fire on 16 September 1965, when Lieutenant Colonel Robinson Risner, leader of the first Thanh Hoa strikes, ejected and was captured. US Air Force photo \/ public domain<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The most heavily defended target on earth<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>From November 1965, the Route Package system handed the Thanh Hoa area to the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-states-naval-aviation\/\">US Navy<\/a>. For three years, carrier aircraft including <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/a-4-skyhawk\/\">A-4 Skyhawks<\/a>, A-6 Intruders, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-8-crusader\/\">F-8 Crusaders<\/a> and Phantoms struck the bridge again and again, with iron bombs and later the TV-guided Walleye. They closed it for days at a time. Repair crews reopened it every time.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The Navy pilots developed a dark humour about it. &ldquo;We thought of calling Hanoi,&rdquo; one later joked, &ldquo;and saying we&rsquo;d push three A-4s overboard if they would just blow up that damn bridge!&rdquo;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #d32f2f;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><div><em>&ldquo;[The bridge] became the most heavily defended target in North Vietnam, which is to say, at that time in human history, the most heavily defended target on earth.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Stephen Coonts and Barrett Tillman<\/strong> &mdash; Authors of <em>Dragon&rsquo;s Jaw<\/em> (2019), on the Thanh Hoa Bridge, via HistoryNet<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The problem was simple arithmetic. The bridge was overbuilt and the bombs were too small and too inaccurate. Only 11 miles from the sea, the target was often hidden by bad weather, which gave the defenders time to repair and strengthen it while more guns flowed into the area.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Carolina Moon<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>In 1966 the Air Force tried something radical. Engineers at Eglin produced a 5,000-pound &ldquo;mass-focus&rdquo; weapon shaped like a giant pancake, meant to be parachuted into the river upstream, float down to the bridge, and detonate magnetically beneath it. Only a <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">C-130 Hercules<\/a> could carry it, so the drops had to be made at night and at very low level.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>On the night of 30 May 1966, Major Richard Remers&rsquo; crew flew up the Song Ma at about 400 feet and dropped five weapons. Reconnaissance the next morning found the bridge intact. The following night, Major Thomas Case&rsquo;s C-130 took off for the second drop and was never heard from again. A diversionary F-4 was also lost. It was later learned that four of the first five mines had exploded under the bridge without doing serious damage.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #1565c0;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><div><em>&ldquo;The apparent invincibility of the bridge; its cost in men, aircraft, and ordnance; its potential strategic importance; its symbolic value to the North Vietnamese&mdash;all served as an incentive for US aviators to find different techniques to destroy it.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>US Air Force monograph<\/strong> &mdash; <em>The Tale of Two Bridges and the Battle for the Skies Over North Vietnam<\/em>, via Air &amp; Space Forces Magazine (2011)<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>When President Johnson halted the bombing of North Vietnam on 31 October 1968, the Dragon&rsquo;s Jaw was still standing. Officially, the US lost 11 aircraft on strikes against it, and many more were shot down in the heavily defended area around it.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The smart bomb arrives<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Back home, the answer was taking shape at Eglin and Texas Instruments: a bolt-on kit that turned an ordinary bomb into a laser-guided one. One aircraft held a laser spot on the target, and the bomb&rsquo;s seeker steered it into the reflected energy. The Air Force called it Paveway and combat-tested it in 1968 with the 8th Tactical Fighter Wing at Ubon, Thailand.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0 8px\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/oKWeoShSfbU\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;font-style:italic;margin:0 0 24px\">AP Archive: 1972 US Defense Department footage of laser-guided bombs hitting a railway bridge, an airfield and a power plant in North Vietnam.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The 1968 bombing halt meant the new weapons spent four years over South Vietnam and Laos. Then, in March 1972, North Vietnam launched its Easter Offensive, and the bombing of the North resumed under Operation Linebacker. The Dragon&rsquo;s Jaw went back on the list.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/f-4d-phantoms-8th-tfw-laser-guided-bombs-ubon.jpg\" alt=\"Two USAF F-4D Phantom IIs of the 8th Tactical Fighter Wing in flight, the nearer one carrying laser-guided bombs\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">F-4D Phantoms of the 8th Tactical Fighter Wing on a mission from Ubon, Thailand. The nearer aircraft, of the 435th Tactical Fighter Squadron, carries laser-guided bombs, the weapon that finally broke the Dragon&rsquo;s Jaw. US Air Force photo \/ public domain<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>On 27 April 1972, 8th Wing <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-4-phantom-ii\/\">F-4 Phantoms<\/a> from Ubon attacked with laser- and TV-guided bombs. Low cloud got in the way of the lasers, and the bridge was damaged but not finished. On 13 May the weather cleared. Fourteen Phantoms came back with 2,000-pound and 3,000-pound laser-guided bombs, and the western span was knocked clean off its abutment.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #1565c0;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><div><em>&ldquo;The western span of the bridge had been knocked completely off its 40 foot thick concrete abutment and the bridge superstructure was so critically disfigured and twisted that rail traffic would come to a standstill for at least several months.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>US Air Force review of the 13 May 1972 strike<\/strong> &mdash; Quoted by Air &amp; Space Forces Magazine (2010)<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Breaking the Jaw<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>North Vietnamese crews went straight to work on repairs, so the Navy delivered the last blow. On 6 October 1972, four <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/a-7-corsair-ii\/\">A-7 Corsair IIs<\/a> from the carrier USS <em>America<\/em> attacked, two with improved Walleyes and two with 2,000-pound Mk 84 bombs. They hit the centre pier and broke the bridge in half. It was removed from the target list.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/thanh-hoa-bridge-off-abutment-laser-guided-bombs-1972.jpg\" alt=\"The Thanh Hoa Bridge with its western span knocked off the abutment and breaks in the span after laser-guided bomb strikes in 1972\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">The Thanh Hoa Bridge after the 1972 laser-guided bomb strikes, annotated by US analysts: the span is knocked off its abutment and broken. US Air Force (Eglin AFB) photo \/ public domain<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The scorecard spoke for itself. Over seven years, more than 870 sorties of unguided bombs and early missiles had failed to keep the bridge down for long. A few dozen laser-guided bombs did it in two strikes. Across the Linebacker campaign, precision weapons destroyed bridges by the score, and the lesson carried straight through to the Gulf War in 1991.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0 8px\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_l68CdUDFH8\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;font-style:italic;margin:0 0 24px\">Authors Stephen Coonts and Barrett Tillman discuss their book <em>Dragon&rsquo;s Jaw<\/em> and the seven-year battle for the Thanh Hoa Bridge.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The Vietnamese rebuilt the Dragon&rsquo;s Jaw after the war, and it still carries traffic across the Song Ma today. It stands as a monument to the gunners who defended it, to the American crews who never came home from it, and to the moment air power stopped carpeting targets and started hitting them.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><em>Sources: Wikipedia (Thanh Hoa Bridge; Robinson Risner), Air &amp; Space Forces Magazine (Walter J. Boyne, &ldquo;Breaking the Dragon&rsquo;s Jaw&rdquo;; John T. Correll, &ldquo;The Emergence of Smart Bombs&rdquo;), HistoryNet, AP Archive<\/em><\/p>\r\n<!-- mfsh:bottom -->\r\n\r\n<button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-trigger mfsh-bottom\" data-mfsh-placement=\"bottom\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><svg><use href=\"#mfsh-i-share\"\/><\/svg>Share this story<\/button>\r\n\r\n<!-- \/mfsh:bottom -->\r\n\r\n\r\n<style>.mfq{margin:34px 0 8px}.mfq h2{font:26px\/1.3 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;padding-top:22px;margin:0 0 6px}.mfq .qa details{border-top:1px solid #5C91FF;margin:0;padding:0}.mfq .qa details:last-of-type{border-bottom:1px solid #e2e7ee}.mfq .qa summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;padding:22px 26px;font:18px\/1.7 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117}.mfq .qa summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.mfq .qa summary::after{content:\"+\";font:24px Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#3568e0;flex:0 0 auto}.mfq .qa details[open] summary::after{content:\"\\2013\"}.mfq .qa details:hover summary{color:#3568e0}.mfq .qa .a{font:16px\/1.7 \"Gilroy regular\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#454e5e;padding:0 26px 24px}.mfq .qa .a a{color:#3568e0}@media(max-width:680px){.mfq .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}.mfq .qa .a{padding:0 14px 20px}}<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n<section class=\"mfq\"><h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2><div class=\"qa\"><details open><summary>Why was the Thanh Hoa Bridge called the Dragon&rsquo;s Jaw?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The Thanh Hoa Bridge in North Vietnam was nicknamed Ham Rong, the Dragon&rsquo;s Jaw. To the Vietnamese, its layout, with concrete abutments on two low rises and a massive centre pier, looked like a dragon&rsquo;s gaping mouth. The road and rail bridge over the Song Ma carried the only railway through the North Vietnamese panhandle.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>When did the US first attack the Thanh Hoa Bridge?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The first US strike on the Thanh Hoa Bridge came on 3 April 1965 during Operation Rolling Thunder. Lt Col Robinson Risner led almost 80 aircraft, including 46 F-105 Thunderchiefs armed with Bullpup missiles and 750-pound bombs. A second strike followed on 4 April, but the bridge survived both.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why was the Thanh Hoa Bridge so hard to destroy?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The Thanh Hoa Bridge was massively overbuilt, with a 16-foot reinforced concrete centre pier and abutments anchored in hills. The 750-pound bombs and Bullpup missiles of 1965 were too small and inaccurate, bad weather often hid the target, and five air defence regiments guarded it.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How many aircraft did the US lose attacking the Thanh Hoa Bridge?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The United States officially lost 11 aircraft on strikes against the Thanh Hoa Bridge between 1965 and 1972, over more than 870 sorties. Many more US aircraft were shot down in the heavily defended area around the bridge. Some sources, including Coonts and Tillman, give slightly higher figures.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How was the Thanh Hoa Bridge finally destroyed?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">On 13 May 1972, 14 F-4 Phantoms of the 8th Tactical Fighter Wing dropped 2,000- and 3,000-pound laser-guided bombs and knocked the western span off its abutment. On 6 October 1972, four US Navy A-7s from USS America hit the centre pier and broke the bridge in half.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What was Operation Carolina Moon?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Operation Carolina Moon was a 1966 US Air Force attempt to destroy the Thanh Hoa Bridge with 5,000-pound mass-focus mines dropped into the river from C-130s at night. The first drop on 30 May caused no serious damage, and the second C-130 was lost with its crew the following night.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does the Thanh Hoa Bridge still exist?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Yes. The Thanh Hoa Bridge, known in Vietnam as Ham Rong Bridge, was rebuilt after the bombing ended and still spans the Song Ma river near the city of Thanh Hoa. It is a symbol of wartime resistance in Vietnam.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why was the Thanh Hoa Bridge called the Dragon\u2019s Jaw?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Thanh Hoa Bridge in North Vietnam was nicknamed Ham Rong, the Dragon\u2019s Jaw. To the Vietnamese, its layout, with concrete abutments on two low rises and a massive centre pier, looked like a dragon\u2019s gaping mouth. The road and rail bridge over the Song Ma carried the only railway through the North Vietnamese panhandle.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"When did the US first attack the Thanh Hoa Bridge?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The first US strike on the Thanh Hoa Bridge came on 3 April 1965 during Operation Rolling Thunder. Lt Col Robinson Risner led almost 80 aircraft, including 46 F-105 Thunderchiefs armed with Bullpup missiles and 750-pound bombs. A second strike followed on 4 April, but the bridge survived both.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why was the Thanh Hoa Bridge so hard to destroy?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Thanh Hoa Bridge was massively overbuilt, with a 16-foot reinforced concrete centre pier and abutments anchored in hills. The 750-pound bombs and Bullpup missiles of 1965 were too small and inaccurate, bad weather often hid the target, and five air defence regiments guarded it.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How many aircraft did the US lose attacking the Thanh Hoa Bridge?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The United States officially lost 11 aircraft on strikes against the Thanh Hoa Bridge between 1965 and 1972, over more than 870 sorties. Many more US aircraft were shot down in the heavily defended area around the bridge. Some sources, including Coonts and Tillman, give slightly higher figures.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How was the Thanh Hoa Bridge finally destroyed?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"On 13 May 1972, 14 F-4 Phantoms of the 8th Tactical Fighter Wing dropped 2,000- and 3,000-pound laser-guided bombs and knocked the western span off its abutment. On 6 October 1972, four US Navy A-7s from USS America hit the centre pier and broke the bridge in half.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What was Operation Carolina Moon?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Operation Carolina Moon was a 1966 US Air Force attempt to destroy the Thanh Hoa Bridge with 5,000-pound mass-focus mines dropped into the river from C-130s at night. The first drop on 30 May caused no serious damage, and the second C-130 was lost with its crew the following night.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Does the Thanh Hoa Bridge still exist?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. The Thanh Hoa Bridge, known in Vietnam as Ham Rong Bridge, was rebuilt after the bombing ended and still spans the Song Ma river near the city of Thanh Hoa. It is a symbol of wartime resistance in Vietnam.\"}}]}<\/script><div style=\"background:#f0f4ff;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:16px 20px;margin:32px 0 8px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600;color:#333\">Related Posts<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/thud-ridge-f-105-rolling-thunder-hanoi\/\">Thud Ridge: The Bloody Road to Hanoi<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/how-does-laser-guided-bomb-work-paveway\/\">How Does a Laser-Guided Bomb Work? 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Laser-guided bombs from F-4 Phantoms finally dropped it in 1972.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":29388376,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[666,664],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29388448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-and-legends","category-military-aviation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Thanh Hoa Bridge: The Dragon&#039;s Jaw, 1965-1972 | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Thanh Hoa Bridge: how the Dragon&#039;s Jaw survived years of US strikes from 1965 until laser-guided bombs from F-4 Phantoms dropped it in 1972.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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