{"id":31773729,"date":"2026-11-08T11:03:27","date_gmt":"2026-11-08T10:03:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/dassault-ouragan-md-450-france-first-jet-fighter-israel-india-toofani\/"},"modified":"2026-11-08T11:13:25","modified_gmt":"2026-11-08T10:13:25","slug":"dassault-ouragan-md-450-france-first-jet-fighter-israel-india-toofani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/dassault-ouragan-md-450-france-first-jet-fighter-israel-india-toofani\/","title":{"rendered":"Dassault Ouragan: France&rsquo;s First Home-Built Jet Fighter at War"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\r\n<!-- mfsh:top -->\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n.mfsh-trigger{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;height:44px;padding:0 18px;margin:0 0 26px;border:2px solid 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Before the war he had been one of France&rsquo;s leading aircraft builders; now his country had missed the entire first chapter of the jet age. He took a new surname, Dassault, from his brother&rsquo;s Resistance code name, and set out to build an all-French jet fighter fast enough to claim the market before anyone else did.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The result flew on 28 February 1949. The <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/dassault-ouragan\/\">Dassault M.D. 450 Ouragan<\/a>, French for hurricane, was the first jet combat aircraft designed in France to enter production. It was simple, straight-winged and soon outclassed. It also went to war on two continents, flew with the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/display-teams\/patrouille-de-france\/\">Patrouille de France<\/a>, and launched the family line that leads to the Rafale.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f4f6f9;border:1px solid #e2e7ee;padding:18px 22px;margin:22px 0 26px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:700;color:#0d1117\">Quick Facts<\/p><ul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:18px\"><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Type:<\/strong> Dassault M.D. 450 Ouragan, single-seat jet fighter-bomber<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>First flight:<\/strong> 28 February 1949, Melun-Villaroche, pilot Kostia Rozanoff<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Engine:<\/strong> One Rolls-Royce Nene, licence-built by Hispano-Suiza<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Armament:<\/strong> Four 20 mm Hispano cannon, plus bombs or rockets<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>French service:<\/strong> From November 1952 (12e Escadre, Cambrai); left front-line units by 1961<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Exports:<\/strong> India (Toofani), Israel, later El Salvador<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Combat:<\/strong> Suez 1956 and Six-Day War 1967 (Israel), Diu 1961 (India), Salvadoran Civil War<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Claim to fame:<\/strong> First French-designed jet combat aircraft to enter production<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">A private venture in a hurry<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Dassault began the design on his own initiative in 1947, without a firm order. According to Dassault Aviation, the first drawings came out in October 1947 and construction of the prototype began on 7 April 1948. The power plant was the British Rolls-Royce Nene, already being built under licence in France by Hispano-Suiza.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #1565c0;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><div><em>&ldquo;The small Dassault team designed the simplest airframe possible: a small aircraft, light, inexpensive and as effective as the engine would allow.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Dassault Aviation<\/strong> &mdash; Company heritage page on the MD 450 Ouragan<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The layout was conventional for its day: a round fuselage with a nose intake whose ducts ran either side of the cockpit to the Nene behind the pilot, a thin straight wing, a swept tail, a bubble canopy and tricycle landing gear. Four 20 mm Hispano cannon sat under the nose. Big wingtip fuel tanks, first seen in December 1949, became the Ouragan&rsquo;s trademark.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Chief test pilot Kostia Rozanoff took the first prototype into the air at Melun-Villaroche on 28 February 1949. The French Air Force ordered 12 pre-production aircraft that August, and on 31 August 1950 came the first production order, for 150 Ouragans.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Dassault Aviation reckons its small team turned the project into reality in only 18 months. For a company that had been rebuilt from almost nothing after the war, it was a statement: France could design and build its own jet fighters again. In its definitive M.D. 450B form the Ouragan reached about 940 km\/h at sea level, respectable for a straight-winged jet of its generation.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/11\/dassault-ouragan-prototype-03-orly-1950.jpg\" alt=\"Dassault Ouragan prototype number 03 with ground crew at the Orly air display in June 1950\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">The third Ouragan prototype, 03, presented at the F\u00eate de l&rsquo;Air at Orly on 11 June 1950, days after its first flight. Photo: ART11 \/ CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Into French service<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Production was shared out across the French industry, with final assembly at Dassault&rsquo;s plant at M\u00e9rignac. The first French Air Force unit to receive the type, in November 1952, was the 12e Escadre at Cambrai. In 1955 and 1956 the Ouragan was the mount of the Patrouille de France aerobatic team.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Its front-line career in France was short. The jet had been rushed into service before testing was complete, and it had a habit of snapping into a spin in a hard turn. The swept-wing <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mystere-iv\/\">Myst\u00e8re IV<\/a> began replacing it from 1955, and by 1961 the last Ouragans had left operational units, staying on as trainers into the mid-1960s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0 8px\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0qwkhQ8OAgc\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;font-style:italic;margin:0 0 24px\">aircraftube&rsquo;s short film on the Dassault M.D. 450 Ouragan, from Rozanoff&rsquo;s first flight in 1949 onwards.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Toofani: the Hurricane goes to India<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>On 25 June 1953, India ordered 71 Ouragans. It was France&rsquo;s first export of combat aircraft since the 1930s, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/indian-air-force\/\">Indian Air Force<\/a> named the jet Toofani, the Hindi word for a storm. Later orders took the Indian fleet past 100 aircraft.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The Toofani saw action. In December 1961 it flew strikes against Portuguese positions on Diu during the operation that ended Portuguese rule there. It attacked insurgents in Assam and Nagaland, and in 1962 it flew reconnaissance missions during the war with China.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/11\/ouragan-toofani-ic554-indian-air-force-museum.jpg\" alt=\"Indian Air Force Dassault Ouragan Toofani IC554 in natural metal at the Indian Air Force Museum Palam\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">Toofani IC554 at the Indian Air Force Museum, Palam. India&rsquo;s 1953 order for 71 Ouragans was France&rsquo;s first combat-aircraft export since the 1930s. Photo: Aeroprints.com \/ CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The Myst\u00e8re IV began replacing it in India too, and withdrawal from front-line service began in 1965, though the Toofani lingered as a trainer and target tug. One of them, IC554, now sits in the Indian Air Force Museum at Palam in New Delhi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Another had a stranger fate. On 24 April 1965, a lone Toofani strayed across the border into Pakistan and was forced down by Pakistan Air Force Sabres. The pilot was returned to India; the aircraft was kept and displayed as a war trophy in Peshawar before eventually being scrapped.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Israel&rsquo;s stop-gap that fought<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Israel was the enthusiastic customer. Needing jets to match the Soviet-built <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-15-fagot\/\">MiG-15s<\/a> arriving in Egypt, the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/israeli-air-force\/\">Israeli Air Force<\/a> bought Ouragans as a stop-gap until the Myst\u00e8re IV was ready. According to the Jewish Virtual Library&rsquo;s IAF inventory, the first one landed at Hazor on 6 October 1955, and further batches followed from French Air Force stocks.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>On 12 April 1956, two Israeli Ouragans intercepted a pair of Egyptian <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/de-havilland-vampire\/\">de Havilland Vampires<\/a> and shot one down, the first Ouragan kill anywhere in the world. Six months later came the Suez Crisis.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #d32f2f;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><div><em>&ldquo;The Ouragan was a much better aeroplane than had been thought&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>IDF commander-in-chief, after Suez<\/strong> &mdash; Reported statement after the 1956 Suez campaign, as cited by Wikipedia<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>In the Sinai campaign of 1956, the Ouragans flew mostly ground attack, plus escort for the transport aircraft that dropped Israeli paratroopers near the Mitla Pass. They met MiG-15s, which were faster and swept-winged but used the same family of Nene engine, and survived. According to the Jewish Virtual Library, on 31 October six Ouragans were engaged by eight MiG-15s; one Ouragan was hit, but none was shot down. Early in the campaign, a pair of Ouragans attacked the Egyptian destroyer <em>Ibrahim el Awal<\/em> with cannon and rockets, contributing to the ship&rsquo;s capture.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/11\/ouragan-49-israeli-air-force-museum-shark-mouth.jpg\" alt=\"Israeli Air Force Dassault Ouragan number 49 with shark-mouth nose art at the Israeli Air Force Museum\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">Ouragan 49 at the Israeli Air Force Museum at Hatzerim, one of two Israeli Ouragans there that survived both the 1956 Suez campaign and the 1967 Six-Day War. Photo: Oren Rozen \/ CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Six-Day War and a Central American finale<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>By June 1967 the Ouragan was a second-line jet, but Israel still sent it into the Six-Day War in the ground-attack role, and it paid a price to ground fire. After the War of Attrition the survivors went to the flying school to train fighter pilots, and the IAF retired the type in early 1973.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Even then the Hurricane was not finished. In the 1970s Israel sold refurbished Ouragans to El Salvador, which flew them in combat during its civil war before replacing them with the American <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/a-37-dragonfly\/\">A-37 Dragonfly<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0 8px\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ySNdU9rRvxw\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;font-style:italic;margin:0 0 24px\">Dark Skies tells the story of the Israeli Ouragans that faced Egypt&rsquo;s MiG-15s in 1956.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The Dassault Ouragan was never a great fighter. But it was the right aircraft at the right moment: it put French industry back in the jet business, opened its first export markets in India and Israel, and gave Dassault the start of a line that runs through the Myst\u00e8re and the Mirage to the Rafale. Every Dassault fighter since has, in a sense, flown in the Hurricane&rsquo;s slipstream.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><em>Sources: Dassault Aviation (MD 450 Ouragan heritage page), Wikipedia (Dassault Ouragan), Jewish Virtual Library (IAF Aircraft Inventory: Dassault M.D. 450 Ouragan), The Week (India)<\/em><\/p>\r\n<!-- mfsh:bottom -->\r\n\r\n<button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-trigger mfsh-bottom\" data-mfsh-placement=\"bottom\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><svg><use href=\"#mfsh-i-share\"\/><\/svg>Share this story<\/button>\r\n\r\n<!-- \/mfsh:bottom -->\r\n\r\n\r\n<style>.mfq{margin:34px 0 8px}.mfq h2{font:26px\/1.3 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;padding-top:22px;margin:0 0 6px}.mfq .qa details{border-top:1px solid #5C91FF;margin:0;padding:0}.mfq .qa details:last-of-type{border-bottom:1px solid #e2e7ee}.mfq .qa summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;padding:22px 26px;font:18px\/1.7 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117}.mfq .qa summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.mfq .qa summary::after{content:\"+\";font:24px Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#3568e0;flex:0 0 auto}.mfq .qa details[open] summary::after{content:\"\\2013\"}.mfq .qa details:hover summary{color:#3568e0}.mfq .qa .a{font:16px\/1.7 \"Gilroy regular\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#454e5e;padding:0 26px 24px}.mfq .qa .a a{color:#3568e0}@media(max-width:680px){.mfq .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}.mfq .qa .a{padding:0 14px 20px}}<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n<section class=\"mfq\"><h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2><div class=\"qa\"><details open><summary>What was the Dassault Ouragan?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The Dassault M.D. 450 Ouragan was a French single-seat jet fighter-bomber powered by a licence-built Rolls-Royce Nene. It first flew on 28 February 1949 and was the first French-designed jet combat aircraft to enter production. It served with France, India, Israel and El Salvador.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Who flew the Ouragan first?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Dassault chief test pilot Kostia Rozanoff made the Ouragan&rsquo;s first flight at Melun-Villaroche on 28 February 1949. Dassault Aviation says the team turned the project into reality in about 18 months from the first drawings in October 1947.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What was the Toofani?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Toofani was the Indian Air Force name for the Dassault Ouragan, from the Hindi word for a storm. India ordered 71 on 25 June 1953, France&rsquo;s first combat-aircraft export since the 1930s, and later orders took the fleet past 100. Toofanis struck Diu in 1961 and flew reconnaissance in the 1962 war with China.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Did the Ouragan see combat with Israel?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Yes. An Israeli Ouragan shot down an Egyptian Vampire on 12 April 1956, the first Ouragan kill. In the 1956 Suez campaign Ouragans flew ground attack and escort missions, met MiG-15s and helped capture the Egyptian destroyer Ibrahim el Awal. They also flew ground attack in the 1967 Six-Day War.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>When was the Ouragan retired?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The Ouragan left French front-line units by 1961, staying on as a trainer into the mid-1960s. India began withdrawing its Toofanis in 1965. Israel retired the type in early 1973, and El Salvador flew ex-Israeli Ouragans in its civil war until replacing them with A-37 Dragonflies.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can I fly in a MiG-15?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Yes. The MiG-15, the Soviet fighter Israeli Ouragans faced over Sinai in 1956, is one of the jets MiGFlug offers to civilians, with flights in the Czech Republic. Details and booking: <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/mig-15\/\">MiG-15 flight<\/a>.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What was the Dassault Ouragan?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Dassault M.D. 450 Ouragan was a French single-seat jet fighter-bomber powered by a licence-built Rolls-Royce Nene. It first flew on 28 February 1949 and was the first French-designed jet combat aircraft to enter production. It served with France, India, Israel and El Salvador.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who flew the Ouragan first?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Dassault chief test pilot Kostia Rozanoff made the Ouragan\u2019s first flight at Melun-Villaroche on 28 February 1949. Dassault Aviation says the team turned the project into reality in about 18 months from the first drawings in October 1947.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What was the Toofani?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Toofani was the Indian Air Force name for the Dassault Ouragan, from the Hindi word for a storm. India ordered 71 on 25 June 1953, France\u2019s first combat-aircraft export since the 1930s, and later orders took the fleet past 100. Toofanis struck Diu in 1961 and flew reconnaissance in the 1962 war with China.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Did the Ouragan see combat with Israel?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. An Israeli Ouragan shot down an Egyptian Vampire on 12 April 1956, the first Ouragan kill. In the 1956 Suez campaign Ouragans flew ground attack and escort missions, met MiG-15s and helped capture the Egyptian destroyer Ibrahim el Awal. They also flew ground attack in the 1967 Six-Day War.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"When was the Ouragan retired?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Ouragan left French front-line units by 1961, staying on as a trainer into the mid-1960s. India began withdrawing its Toofanis in 1965. Israel retired the type in early 1973, and El Salvador flew ex-Israeli Ouragans in its civil war until replacing them with A-37 Dragonflies.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Can I fly in a MiG-15?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. The MiG-15, the Soviet fighter Israeli Ouragans faced over Sinai in 1956, is one of the jets MiGFlug offers to civilians, with flights in the Czech Republic. Details and booking: MiG-15 flight.\"}}]}<\/script><div style=\"background:#f0f4ff;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:16px 20px;margin:32px 0 8px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600;color:#333\">Related Posts<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/dassault-mystere-iv-french-transonic-fighter-israel-india-history\/\">Dassault Myst\u00e8re IV: France&rsquo;s First Transonic Fighter Goes to War<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/suez-1956-operation-musketeer-air-war-sea-hawk-canberra\/\">The Last Old-Fashioned Air War<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/marcel-dassault-bloch-buchenwald-mirage\/\">The Man Behind the Name on the Rafale<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/patrouille-de-france-history-alpha-jet-salon-de-provence\/\">Patrouille de France: From \u00c9tampes to the Alpha Jet<\/a><\/p><\/div>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Dassault M.D. 450 Ouragan was the first French-designed jet combat aircraft to enter production. It fought for Israel at Suez and for India as the Toofani.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":31773601,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[666,664],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31773729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-and-legends","category-military-aviation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Dassault Ouragan: France&#039;s First Jet Fighter | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Dassault Ouragan was the first French-designed jet combat aircraft in production. 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