{"id":32267664,"date":"2026-11-11T12:04:21","date_gmt":"2026-11-11T11:04:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/lisunov-li-2-soviet-dc-3-licence-ps-84\/"},"modified":"2026-11-11T12:06:12","modified_gmt":"2026-11-11T11:06:12","slug":"lisunov-li-2-soviet-dc-3-licence-ps-84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/de\/lisunov-li-2-soviet-dc-3-licence-ps-84\/","title":{"rendered":"Lisunov Li-2: The Soviet DC-3 Built Under Licence"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\n\n<!-- mfsh:top -->\n\n<style>\n.mfsh-trigger{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;height:44px;padding:0 18px;margin:0 0 26px;border:2px solid #0F1720;background:#fff;color:#0F1720;font-family:inherit;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;cursor:pointer;box-shadow:none;transition:background .15s,color 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Most onlookers would call it a Douglas DC-3. Look closer and the details are wrong: the passenger door is on the right-hand side, the cockpit instruments read in metres and kilometres, and the type name stencilled on the rear fuselage is in Cyrillic.<\/p>\n<p>This is HA-LIX, a <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/lisunov-li-2\/\">Lisunov Li-2<\/a>, and its operator believes it is the last one of its kind still flying. The Soviet Union bought the right to build the American airliner in 1936, redrew it in metric units and turned out roughly 4,900 of them by the most careful modern count. It flew Aeroflot&rsquo;s routes, dropped bombs on the Eastern Front, and carried passengers from Budapest to Beijing for decades after the war.<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:18px 22px;margin:26px 0 30px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.7\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;font-weight:600;color:#0d1117;font-size:17px\">Quick Facts<\/p><ul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:20px\"><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Type:<\/strong> Soviet licence-built version of the Douglas DC-3, originally designated PS-84<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Licence:<\/strong> Bought from Douglas in 1936; engineer Boris Lisunov studied the type at Santa Monica<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Engines:<\/strong> Two nine-cylinder Shvetsov radials, the M-62IR and later the ASh-62IR, developed from the Wright R-1820 Cyclone; about 1,000 hp (735 kW) each for take-off in ASh-62IR form<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Production:<\/strong> About 4,900 by the most careful modern count, from 1939 into the early 1950s; older estimates range from about 2,000 to more than 6,000<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Wartime roles:<\/strong> Transport, paratroop and supply aircraft and night bomber, often fitted with a dorsal machine-gun turret<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Operators:<\/strong> Aeroflot and the Soviet air force, plus airlines and air forces in Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, Yugoslavia, China and others<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Survivor:<\/strong> HA-LIX, built in Tashkent in 1949, has flown again since 2001; its operator, the Goldtimer Foundation, calls it the only airworthy Li-2<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">A Licence From Santa Monica<\/h2>\n<p>By the mid-1930s Aeroflot badly needed modern passenger aircraft. After the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI) had tested a Douglas DC-2, Moscow decided to buy the newer <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/douglas-dc-3-airliner-history-cr-smith-c-47\/\">Douglas DC-3<\/a> instead, and in July 1936 it signed a licence agreement with Douglas. The deal covered more than paperwork: it included complete aircraft and training for Soviet specialists at the Douglas works. Around 20 American-built DC-3s were delivered to the USSR between late 1936 and 1939.<\/p>\n<p>The man sent to learn the aeroplane was Boris Pavlovich Lisunov, a Soviet air force engineer. He spent long stretches at the Douglas plant in Santa Monica, California, by most accounts from November 1936 until the spring of 1939, documenting the airframe, its tooling and its production methods. Back home, the job of putting the type into production went to State Aircraft Factory No. 84 at Khimki, just outside Moscow.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/11\/aeroflot-ps-84-moscow-airport-1940.jpg\" alt=\"Silver Aeroflot PS-84 airliner parked in front of the Moscow airport terminal building around 1940\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">An Aeroflot PS-84 in front of the Moscow airport terminal, around 1940. The earliest Soviet-built examples flew in civil colours. Photo: Unknown photographer, public domain, via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Ps-84-nowarra135.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>The first production aircraft built from Soviet materials appeared in 1939 and were designated PS-84: <em>passazhirskiy samolyot<\/em>, passenger aircraft, of factory 84.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Inches Into Millimetres<\/h2>\n<p>The licence came with drawings dimensioned in inches, and a Soviet factory could not work from them as they stood. Every dimension had to be converted to metric, and the structure was recalculated to Soviet strength standards. American sheet gauges, fasteners and steel fittings had no exact Soviet equivalents, so skins, engine mounts, landing gear, wheels and hardware were all reworked around what Soviet industry could supply. The original chief designer for the project, Vladimir Myasishchev, was arrested by the NKVD in the middle of this work, and Lisunov, by then the factory&rsquo;s chief engineer, carried the programme forward.<\/p>\n<p>The result looked like a DC-3 but was not quite one. The airframe came out heavier; the Goldtimer Foundation, which maintains the surviving example, puts the difference at more than 100 kg (220 lb). The span was slightly shorter at 28.81 m (94 ft 6 in), the main passenger door moved to the right-hand side, and the engines were Soviet: Shvetsov M-62IR radials, later ASh-62IR, a nine-cylinder family developed from the Wright R-1820 Cyclone that had powered the earliest DC-3s. Rated at about 1,000 hp (735 kW) for take-off, they gave the Soviet aircraft a little less performance than its American parent.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>&ldquo;It was a strange experience to climb aboard (on the RH-side) and see the aircraft from inside, sitting in the cockpit with metric instruments, almost everything on the same location as in the Douglas built Dakotas.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>DC-3\/Dakota Historical Society<\/strong> &mdash; first-hand account of boarding the Russian Li-2 RA-01300 in Moscow, March 1994<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<p>Moscow would go through the same exercise on a much larger scale a decade later, when Tupolev reverse-engineered the B-29 Superfortress as the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tupolev-tu-4\/\">Tu-4<\/a>. That story, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/tupolev-tu-4-stalin-b-29-superfortress-clone\/\">told here on Afterburner<\/a>, began with stolen aircraft. The PS-84 began with a contract.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">From Khimki to Tashkent<\/h2>\n<p>Khimki built fewer than 300 PS-84s before the war reached it, and the factory at Kazan added only about ten. When Germany invaded on 22 June 1941, the PS-84s already with Aeroflot were swept into military service. In the autumn of 1941, with German armies approaching Moscow, the Khimki plant was evacuated to Tashkent in Soviet Central Asia, and production restarted there in January 1942.<\/p>\n<p>On 17 September 1942 the type received the name by which history knows it: Li-2, after Lisunov. Tashkent became its home for the rest of its production life, building the overwhelming majority of all Li-2s.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">An Airliner With a Gun Turret<\/h2>\n<p>Unlike the unarmed <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-47-skytrain\/\">C-47<\/a>, the wartime Li-2 often went to the front with guns. Many were fitted with a dorsal turret, initially with a 7.62 mm ShKAS machine gun and later with a 12.7 mm (.50 in) UBT heavy machine gun, and further ShKAS guns could fire from the rear cabin windows or hatches.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/11\/lisunov-li-2-wartime-turret-scheme-moscow-museum.jpg\" alt=\"Lisunov Li-2 in green and black wartime camouflage with red stars and a glazed dorsal gun turret, on display at the Victory Park museum in Moscow\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">A Li-2T at the Museum of the Great Patriotic War in Moscow. It is a postwar civil airframe, painted in wartime camouflage and fitted with a dummy turret to represent the armed versions. Photo: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lisunov_Li-2T_%E2%80%9917_yellow%E2%80%99_(CCCP-48986)_(38763557362).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lisunov Li-2T &amp;rsquo;17 yellow&amp;rsquo; (CCCP-48986)<\/a> by Alan Wilson, <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY-SA 2.0<\/a>, via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>When the Soviet Union built up its Long Range Aviation force from 1942, the Li-2 was pressed into service as a night bomber. Early on, crews simply rolled bombs out of the cabin door by hand; later aircraft carried racks for four bombs under the centre section. In their history of the type, Yefim Gordon and Sergey and Dmitriy Komissarov describe the Li-2 as the main equipment of several bomber regiments.<\/p>\n<p>Bombing was only part of the job. Li-2s dropped paratroopers, flew supplies to partisans behind the lines and brought wounded soldiers back, often without fighter escort.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Aeroflot&rsquo;s Postwar Workhorse<\/h2>\n<p>After the war most Li-2s went back to civil work, and the type became the backbone of Aeroflot through the late 1940s and into the 1950s. Standardised passenger and transport versions appeared in the mid-1940s, and a second production line at Komsomolsk-on-Amur in the Soviet Far East built several hundred between 1946 and 1950. A high-altitude Li-2V with turbocharged engines served in mountain and weather-reconnaissance roles.<\/p>\n<p>Production at Tashkent wound down in the early 1950s as the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/il-14-crate\/\">Ilyushin Il-14<\/a> took its place on the line. The Li-2 stayed in Aeroflot service much longer: according to Russian accounts, the last scheduled passenger flights with the type in the Soviet Union ended only in the mid-1970s.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/PvSEE0J6k6Q\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n<p>Aeropark Budapest takes a walk-round and flight in the surviving Li-2 (in Hungarian).<\/p>\n<p>Pilots who could choose generally preferred the American original. Gordon and the Komissarovs compare the Li-2 with the Lend-Lease C-47s the Soviet Union also flew, and judge the Li-2 second best, held back by lower build quality, less powerful engines and simpler Soviet radio and navigation equipment.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">From Budapest to Beijing<\/h2>\n<p>Wherever Soviet influence reached after 1945, the Li-2 followed. In Hungary, the Soviet-Hungarian airline Maszovlet received five Li-2Ps in August 1946 and began domestic services that October. According to the Goldtimer Foundation, 31 Li-2s served in Hungarian civil and military aviation; Mal&eacute;v flew them until 1964, and the Hungarian air force used them, mainly for parachute training and target towing, until 1975.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/11\/lisunov-li-2-chinese-air-force-china-aviation-museum.jpg\" alt=\"Two olive-green Lisunov Li-2 transports in Chinese People's Liberation Army Air Force markings at the China Aviation Museum\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">Two Li-2s in Chinese air force markings at the China Aviation Museum near Beijing. China kept the type in service into the 1980s. Photo: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lisunov_Li-2s.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lisunov Li-2s<\/a> by Ronidong, <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>, via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>Poland&rsquo;s LOT, Czechoslovakia&rsquo;s &#268;SA, Bulgaria&rsquo;s TABSO and Romania&rsquo;s Tarom all flew the type, as did the air forces of the Eastern Bloc, Mongolia, North Korea and North Vietnam. Yugoslavia re-engined some of its aircraft with Pratt &amp; Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasps, the engine of many American DC-3s, and called them Li-3s.<\/p>\n<p>China was among the largest users of all, with Li-2s in its air force and civil fleet from the late 1940s onward. Some of the very last Li-2s in regular service were still flying in China and Vietnam in the 1980s.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">How Many Were Built?<\/h2>\n<p>For decades nobody in the West knew. Before the 1990s the most commonly quoted estimates were around 2,000 to 2,800 aircraft, while some reference books gave more than 6,000. Air-Britain&rsquo;s 2006 production history of the DC-3 family settled on 4,937, and factory-by-factory tables published in Russia arrive at almost exactly the same figure.<\/p>\n<p>That makes the Li-2 by far the most numerous foreign-built member of the DC-3 family, and puts the Soviet Union&rsquo;s output at roughly half the number of military C-47s and C-53s built in the United States.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">HA-LIX: The Last One Flying<\/h2>\n<p>HA-LIX, construction number 18433209, was built in Tashkent in 1949 and delivered the same year to the Hungarian army. It moved to Mal&eacute;v in 1958, returned to the military at the end of 1964, and was retired to a museum collection at Szolnok in January 1974. In 1997 the Goldtimer Foundation took it to Bud&ouml;rs to begin a restoration that stripped every metal part of its layers of paint and fitted Soviet ASh-62IR engines and modern avionics.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bzhvL1137uc\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n<p>The Goldtimer Foundation looks back on twenty years of flying the Li-2, from the first idea to the finished restoration (in Hungarian).<\/p>\n<p>The Li-2 flew again on 21 September 2001 and received its certificate of airworthiness in April 2002. It took the name K&aacute;rm&aacute;n T&oacute;dor in 2002, in honour of the Hungarian-born aerodynamicist Theodore von K&aacute;rm&aacute;n, and has worn its original Mal&eacute;v livery since August 2008. It has since toured air shows across Europe.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>&ldquo;It has already appeared in Austria, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, Croatia, Poland, Germany and Slovakia as the only Lisunov in the world that is able to fly is the HA-LIX. Wherever the plane appears, everybody is astonished.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Goldtimer Foundation<\/strong> &mdash; operator of Li-2 HA-LIX, Bud&ouml;rs<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<p>It has not always been alone. According to the DC-3\/Dakota Historical Society, Russian amateur aviators restored another Li-2, RA-01300, in 1993 and flew it to Western Europe in the mid-1990s, including to the 50th anniversary commemorations of Operation Market Garden in the Netherlands. Today the Goldtimer Foundation and other sources describe HA-LIX as the only Li-2 still airworthy.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/11\/lisunov-li-2-ha-lix-malev-hahnweide-2011.jpg\" alt=\"Lisunov Li-2 HA-LIX in silver and blue Malev livery taxiing on grass at the Hahnweide vintage aircraft meeting in Germany\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">HA-LIX at the Hahnweide vintage aircraft meeting in Germany in 2011. The Hungarian flag on the fin and the Cyrillic type name beneath it mark it out from a Douglas-built DC-3. Photo: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Lisunov_Li-2T_HA-LIX_Hahnweide_2011_02.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lisunov Li-2T HA-LIX Hahnweide 2011 02<\/a> by Julian Herzog, <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a>, via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>The foundation&rsquo;s own video shows the aircraft at the 75th anniversary of the Normandy landings in 2019. It still flies at home, too. The foundation&rsquo;s 2026 programme opened the season at Bud&ouml;rs on 25 April with 15-minute pleasure flights in the Li-2, sold as a donation to the foundation.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3p6B7wf5bPE\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n<p>The Goldtimer Foundation&rsquo;s report from the 75th anniversary of the Normandy landings (in Hungarian).<\/p>\n<p>Nine decades after Lisunov travelled to California, the result of his work can still be booked for a seat. Sit inside and it feels like a Dakota until you look at the instruments.<\/p>\n\n<p><em>Sources: Goldtimer Foundation, li-2.hu (Mal&eacute;v Flight and Operations History Circle), DC-3\/Dakota Historical Society, Yefim Gordon, Sergey and Dmitriy Komissarov, <em>Lisunov Li-2: The Soviet DC-3<\/em> (Midland), via Modeling Madness review, Air-Britain (Gradidge, 2006), Virtual Aircraft Museum (aviastar.org).<\/em><\/p>\n\n<!-- mfsh:bottom -->\n\n<button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-trigger mfsh-bottom\" data-mfsh-placement=\"bottom\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><svg><use href=\"#mfsh-i-share\"\/><\/svg>Share this story<\/button>\n\n<!-- \/mfsh:bottom -->\n\n\n\n<p class=\"mf-photo-credits\" data-no-translation style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;font-style:italic;margin:6px 0 18px\">Header photo: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:HA-LIX_ZRH_30.08.23_(53153261291).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HA-LIX ZRH 30.08.23<\/a> by Michael Steffen, <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY-SA 2.0<\/a>, via Wikimedia Commons<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.mfq{margin:34px 0 8px}.mfq h2{font:26px\/1.3 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;padding-top:22px;margin:0 0 6px}.mfq .qa details{border-top:1px solid #5C91FF;margin:0;padding:0}.mfq .qa details:last-of-type{border-bottom:1px solid #e2e7ee}.mfq .qa summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;padding:22px 26px;font:18px\/1.7 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117}.mfq .qa summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.mfq .qa summary::after{content:\"+\";font:24px Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#3568e0;flex:0 0 auto}.mfq .qa details[open] summary::after{content:\"\\2013\"}.mfq .qa details:hover summary{color:#3568e0}.mfq .qa .a{font:16px\/1.7 \"Gilroy regular\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#454e5e;padding:0 26px 24px}.mfq .qa .a a{color:#3568e0}@media(max-width:680px){.mfq .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}.mfq .qa .a{padding:0 14px 20px}}<\/style>\n\n\n<section class=\"mfq\"><h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2><div class=\"qa\"><details open><summary>What is the Lisunov Li-2?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The Lisunov Li-2 is the Soviet licence-built version of the Douglas DC-3, originally designated PS-84. The USSR bought the licence from Douglas in 1936, converted the design to metric units and Soviet standards, and fitted Shvetsov radial engines. It served Aeroflot, the Soviet air force and many Eastern Bloc operators.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How many Lisunov Li-2s were built?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">About 4,900 Lisunov Li-2s were built, according to Air-Britain's 2006 production figure of 4,937, which Russian factory tables closely match. Older Western estimates ranged from around 2,000 to more than 6,000. Most were built in Tashkent, with smaller numbers from Khimki, Kazan and Komsomolsk-on-Amur.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Who was Boris Lisunov?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Boris Lisunov was the Soviet engineer who studied the Douglas DC-3 at Santa Monica, by most accounts from November 1936 until spring 1939, and then led the effort to put it into production at Factory No. 84. The aircraft was named Li-2 after him in September 1942.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How was the Li-2 different from the DC-3?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The Li-2 was redrawn in metric units and recalculated to Soviet strength standards, which made it more than 100 kg heavier. It had a slightly shorter span, a passenger door on the right side, Shvetsov M-62IR or ASh-62IR engines and simpler radio equipment. Many wartime Li-2s also carried a dorsal gun turret.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Was the Lisunov Li-2 used as a bomber?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Yes. From 1942 the Lisunov Li-2 served as a night bomber with Soviet Long Range Aviation, which lacked heavy bombers. Crews first rolled bombs out of the door by hand, and later aircraft had racks for four bombs under the centre section. Many armed Li-2s had a dorsal machine-gun turret.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is any Lisunov Li-2 still flying?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Yes. Li-2 HA-LIX, built in Tashkent in 1949 and restored by the Goldtimer Foundation, first flew again on 21 September 2001. It is based at Buda\u00f6rs near Budapest, wears Mal\u00e9v livery and offered pleasure flights in the 2026 season. The foundation describes it as the only airworthy Li-2.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the Lisunov Li-2?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Lisunov Li-2 is the Soviet licence-built version of the Douglas DC-3, originally designated PS-84. The USSR bought the licence from Douglas in 1936, converted the design to metric units and Soviet standards, and fitted Shvetsov radial engines. It served Aeroflot, the Soviet air force and many Eastern Bloc operators.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How many Lisunov Li-2s were built?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"About 4,900 Lisunov Li-2s were built, according to Air-Britain's 2006 production figure of 4,937, which Russian factory tables closely match. Older Western estimates ranged from around 2,000 to more than 6,000. Most were built in Tashkent, with smaller numbers from Khimki, Kazan and Komsomolsk-on-Amur.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who was Boris Lisunov?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Boris Lisunov was the Soviet engineer who studied the Douglas DC-3 at Santa Monica, by most accounts from November 1936 until spring 1939, and then led the effort to put it into production at Factory No. 84. The aircraft was named Li-2 after him in September 1942.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How was the Li-2 different from the DC-3?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Li-2 was redrawn in metric units and recalculated to Soviet strength standards, which made it more than 100 kg heavier. It had a slightly shorter span, a passenger door on the right side, Shvetsov M-62IR or ASh-62IR engines and simpler radio equipment. Many wartime Li-2s also carried a dorsal gun turret.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Was the Lisunov Li-2 used as a bomber?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. From 1942 the Lisunov Li-2 served as a night bomber with Soviet Long Range Aviation, which lacked heavy bombers. Crews first rolled bombs out of the door by hand, and later aircraft had racks for four bombs under the centre section. Many armed Li-2s had a dorsal machine-gun turret.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Is any Lisunov Li-2 still flying?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. Li-2 HA-LIX, built in Tashkent in 1949 and restored by the Goldtimer Foundation, first flew again on 21 September 2001. It is based at Buda\u00f6rs near Budapest, wears Mal\u00e9v livery and offered pleasure flights in the 2026 season. The foundation describes it as the only airworthy Li-2.\"}}]}<\/script><div style=\"background:#f0f4ff;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:16px 20px;margin:32px 0 8px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600;color:#333\">Related Posts<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/douglas-dc-3-airliner-history-cr-smith-c-47\/\">Douglas DC-3: The Airliner That Made Flying Pay for Itself<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/tupolev-tu-4-stalin-b-29-superfortress-clone\/\">Tupolev Tu-4: Stalin&rsquo;s Bolt-for-Bolt B-29 Superfortress Clone<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/yakovlev-yak-40-codling-soviet-regional-trijet-grass-runways\/\">Yakovlev Yak-40: The Soviet Trijet Built for Grass Runways<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/catalina-affair-1952-swedish-dc-3-baltic-shootdown\/\">Catalina Affair: The Shootdown Sweden Denied for 40 Years<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<!--mfcred1-->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 1936 the Soviet Union bought the right to build the Douglas DC-3, redrew it in metric units and turned out about 4,900 as the PS-84 and Lisunov Li-2. One still flies in Hungary.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":32267568,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[665,666],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32267664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aviation-world","category-history-and-legends"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lisunov Li-2: The Soviet DC-3 Built Under Licence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Lisunov Li-2 was the Soviet DC-3: licensed in 1936, redrawn in metric, armed with turrets in WWII and built about 4,900 times. 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