{"id":290731,"date":"2026-04-10T09:57:11","date_gmt":"2026-04-10T07:57:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/bessie-coleman-she-learned-french-to-learn-to-fly\/"},"modified":"2026-06-25T20:22:04","modified_gmt":"2026-06-25T18:22:04","slug":"bessie-coleman-aprendio-frances-para-aprender-a-volar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/es\/bessie-coleman-she-learned-french-to-learn-to-fly\/","title":{"rendered":"Bessie Coleman: Aprendi\u00f3 franc\u00e9s para aprender a volar."},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\n\nIn 1920, Bessie Coleman walked into every flight school in the United States that she could find. Every single one turned her away. She was Black. She was a woman. In Jim Crow America, that was two disqualifications, and neither was negotiable.\n\nSo she learned French. Not conversational French \u2014 the technical French required to attend a foreign aviation school. She found the Caudron Brothers' School of Aviation in Le Crotoy, a small town on the coast of Picardy, applied by mail, and was accepted. In November 1920, she boarded a ship for France with a dream that her own country had told her was impossible.\n\nSeven months later, she earned her pilot's license \u2014 becoming the first African American woman, and the first Native American woman, to do so. She was twenty-nine years old.\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#f4f4f4;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0 28px;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600;color:#333\">Quick Facts<\/p>\n<ul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:20px;color:#444\">\n<li><strong>Born:<\/strong> January 26, 1892, Atlanta, Texas<\/li>\n<li><strong>Died:<\/strong> April 30, 1926, Jacksonville, Florida<\/li>\n<li><strong>License:<\/strong> F\u00e9d\u00e9ration A\u00e9ronautique Internationale (June 15, 1921)<\/li>\n<li><strong>School:<\/strong> Caudron Brothers' School of Aviation, Le Crotoy, France<\/li>\n<li><strong>Distinction:<\/strong> First African American and first Native American woman to hold a pilot's license<\/li>\n<li><strong>Known as:<\/strong> \"Queen Bess\" and \"Brave Bessie\"<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Cotton Fields to Chicago<\/h2>\n\nColeman was born into a world designed to keep her in her place. The tenth of thirteen children in a family of sharecroppers, she grew up picking cotton in Waxahachie, Texas. Her mother, Susan, was African American and Cherokee. Her father, George, was of Cherokee and Choctaw descent. Education was a luxury, but Susan Coleman insisted on it, and Bessie proved to be an exceptional student.\n\nAt eighteen, Coleman moved to Chicago, where she worked as a manicurist in a barbershop on the South Side. It was there, listening to stories from men returning from World War I, that she first heard about flying. The stories of combat pilots \u2014 the freedom, the speed, the mastery of a machine that could defy gravity \u2014 captivated her. She decided she would become a pilot.\n\nThe barbershop owner, Robert Abbott, who also published the Chicago Defender, one of the most influential Black newspapers in the country, encouraged her. When it became clear that no American school would accept her, it was Abbott who suggested she try France. He helped fund her language studies and her journey overseas.\n\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Seven Months in Picardy<\/h2>\n\nThe Caudron Brothers' School taught Coleman to fly in biplanes \u2014 flimsy wood-and-fabric machines powered by rotary engines that required a specific, physical kind of piloting. There were no instruments to speak of. Navigation was done by looking at the ground. Landings were judged by feel. And the aircraft were unforgiving \u2014 a stall at low altitude, a misjudged crosswind, a structural failure, could be instantly fatal.\n\nColeman was not the only woman at the school \u2014 French aviation had a more progressive attitude toward female pilots than most countries \u2014 but she was the only Black student, the only American, and one of the few who had never seen an airplane up close before arriving. She learned fast. On June 15, 1921, she received her F\u00e9d\u00e9ration A\u00e9ronautique Internationale pilot's license, the most internationally recognized credential in aviation.\n\nShe returned to the United States a celebrity. The Chicago Defender ran her story on the front page. She was \"Queen Bess\" \u2014 the girl from the cotton fields who had conquered the sky.\n\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Barnstormer With a Mission<\/h2>\n\nColeman could not get a job as a commercial pilot \u2014 no airline would hire a Black woman in the 1920s \u2014 so she became a barnstormer. She performed aerial exhibitions, wing-walking demonstrations, and parachute jumps at airshows across the country. She was fearless in the air, performing dives and rolls that drew enormous crowds.\n\nBut Coleman's ambition went far beyond entertainment. She was determined to open a flight school for African Americans \u2014 a place where Black men and women could learn to fly without being turned away. Every airshow performance, every ticket sold, every newspaper interview was a step toward that goal. She refused to perform at venues that would not admit Black spectators through the same entrance as whites.\n\nHer insistence on desegregated audiences was remarkable for the era. In the Jim Crow South, it was an act of defiance. In one instance in her hometown of Waxahachie, she agreed to perform only after organizers guaranteed that Black and white spectators would enter through the same gate \u2014 though they would still be segregated once inside.\n\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The Fall<\/h2>\n\nOn April 30, 1926, Coleman was in Jacksonville, Florida, preparing for an airshow. Her mechanic, William Wills, was at the controls of a Curtiss JN-4 Jenny while Coleman sat in the back seat, unbuckled, scouting the terrain for her parachute jump the next day. The aircraft had a history of mechanical problems \u2014 Coleman had refused to fly it earlier because the engine was unreliable.\n\nAt approximately 3,500 feet, the Jenny went into a sudden dive and spin. Coleman, who was not wearing a seatbelt because she needed to lean over the edge to survey the ground, was thrown from the aircraft. She fell to her death. She was thirty-four.\n\nThe cause was later determined to be a wrench that had slid into the engine's control linkages, jamming the controls. The crash was a mechanical failure \u2014 preventable, tragic, and final.\n\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Legacy at Altitude<\/h2>\n\nBessie Coleman never opened her flight school. But the dream she carried did not die with her. In the decades that followed, Black aviators cited her as their inspiration \u2014 including some of the Tuskegee Airmen who broke the military color barrier during World War II.\n\nToday, O'Hare International Airport in Chicago \u2014 one of the busiest in the world \u2014 honors her with a road bearing her name. The U.S. Postal Service issued a stamp in her likeness. And every April 30, pilots from across the country fly over her grave in Lincoln Cemetery, Chicago, dropping flowers in tribute to the woman who learned French to learn to fly \u2014 because her own country told her she could not.\n\n<em>Sources: Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, National Women's Hall of Fame, Chicago Defender archives<\/em>\n\n<!-- mf-faq -->\n\n<div class=\"mf-faq-block\"><style>.mf-faq-block{margin:34px 0}.mf-faq-item:not([open]) .mf-faq-answer{display:none !important}.mf-faq-block h2.mf-faq-h{padding-top:22px;margin-bottom:14px}.mf-faq-item{border:1px solid #e2e8f5;border-radius:8px;margin:0 0 10px;background:#fff}.mf-faq-item summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;padding:15px 50px 15px 18px;font-weight:600;color:#1a1a1a;position:relative;line-height:1.45;user-select:none}.mf-faq-item summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.mf-faq-item summary::after{content:\"+\";position:absolute;right:18px;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);font-size:1.5em;font-weight:400;color:#5C91FF;line-height:1}.mf-faq-item[open] summary::after{content:\"\\2013\"}.mf-faq-item[open] summary{border-bottom:1px solid #eef1f8}.mf-faq-item summary:hover{background:#f5f8ff}.mf-faq-answer{padding:14px 18px;color:#333;line-height:1.6}.mf-faq-answer p{margin:0}.mf-faq-answer a{color:#5C91FF}<\/style><h2 class=\"mf-faq-h\">Related Questions<\/h2><details class=\"mf-faq-item\"><summary>Who was Bessie Coleman?<\/summary><div class=\"mf-faq-answer\"><p>Bessie Coleman (1892-1926) was an American aviator who became the first African American woman, and the first Native American woman, to earn a pilot's license. Barred from US flight schools because of her race and sex, she learned French and trained in France, gaining her license in 1921. She became a celebrated stunt pilot known as \"Queen Bess.\"<\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"mf-faq-item\"><summary>Why did Bessie Coleman go to France to learn to fly?<\/summary><div class=\"mf-faq-answer\"><p>Every American flight school Bessie Coleman approached in 1920 rejected her because she was Black and a woman. Refusing to give up, she learned French, applied by mail to the Caudron Brothers' School of Aviation in Le Crotoy, and sailed to France. There she earned her pilot's license in June 1921.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"mf-faq-item\"><summary>When did Bessie Coleman get her pilot's license?<\/summary><div class=\"mf-faq-answer\"><p>Bessie Coleman earned her pilot's license from the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration A\u00e9ronautique Internationale on June 15, 1921, after about seven months of training in France. She was 29 years old and the first African American and Native American woman to hold one. She then returned to the US as a celebrated exhibition flyer.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"mf-faq-item\"><summary>What was Bessie Coleman known as?<\/summary><div class=\"mf-faq-answer\"><p>Bessie Coleman was popularly known as \"Queen Bess\" and \"Brave Bessie.\" After earning her license in France, she became a daring stunt and exhibition pilot in the United States, thrilling crowds and inspiring a generation. She paved the way for later women aviators such as <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/jacqueline-cochran-she-founded-the-wasps-then-broke-the-sound-barrier\/\">Jacqueline Cochran<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"mf-faq-item\"><summary>How did Bessie Coleman die?<\/summary><div class=\"mf-faq-answer\"><p>Bessie Coleman died on April 30, 1926, near Jacksonville, Florida, at age 34. During a rehearsal flight the aircraft she was riding in went into an unexpected dive and spin, and she fell from the open cockpit. Her legacy inspired later barrier-breaking women pilots such as stunt flyer <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/florence-pancho-barnes-the-first-female-stunt-pilot-who-outflew-everyone\/\">Pancho Barnes<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who was Bessie Coleman?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Bessie Coleman (1892-1926) was an American aviator who became the first African American woman, and the first Native American woman, to earn a pilot's license. Barred from US flight schools because of her race and sex, she learned French and trained in France, gaining her license in 1921. She became a celebrated stunt pilot known as \\\"Queen Bess.\\\"\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why did Bessie Coleman go to France to learn to fly?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Every American flight school Bessie Coleman approached in 1920 rejected her because she was Black and a woman. Refusing to give up, she learned French, applied by mail to the Caudron Brothers' School of Aviation in Le Crotoy, and sailed to France. There she earned her pilot's license in June 1921.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"When did Bessie Coleman get her pilot's license?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Bessie Coleman earned her pilot's license from the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration A\u00e9ronautique Internationale on June 15, 1921, after about seven months of training in France. She was 29 years old and the first African American and Native American woman to hold one. She then returned to the US as a celebrated exhibition flyer.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What was Bessie Coleman known as?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Bessie Coleman was popularly known as \\\"Queen Bess\\\" and \\\"Brave Bessie.\\\" After earning her license in France, she became a daring stunt and exhibition pilot in the United States, thrilling crowds and inspiring a generation. She paved the way for later women aviators such as <a href=\\\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/jacqueline-cochran-she-founded-the-wasps-then-broke-the-sound-barrier\/\\\">Jacqueline Cochran<\/a>.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How did Bessie Coleman die?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Bessie Coleman died on April 30, 1926, near Jacksonville, Florida, at age 34. During a rehearsal flight the aircraft she was riding in went into an unexpected dive and spin, and she fell from the open cockpit. Her legacy inspired later barrier-breaking women pilots such as stunt flyer <a href=\\\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/florence-pancho-barnes-the-first-female-stunt-pilot-who-outflew-everyone\/\\\">Pancho Barnes<\/a>.\"}}]}<\/script><!-- \/mf-faq -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 1920, Bessie Coleman walked into every flight school in the United States that she could find. Every single one turned her away. She was Black. She was a woman. In Jim Crow America, that was two disqualifications, and neither was negotiable. So she learned French. Not conversational French \u2014 the technical French required to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":290739,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[666,664],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-290731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-and-legends","category-military-aviation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bessie Coleman: She Learned French to Learn to Fly | Afterburner - MiGFlug&#039;s Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In 1920, Bessie Coleman walked into every flight school in the United States that she could find. Every single one turned her away. 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