{"id":11490368,"date":"2026-08-12T10:48:21","date_gmt":"2026-08-12T08:48:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/bell-p-59-airacomet-first-jet\/"},"modified":"2026-08-12T11:08:57","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T09:08:57","slug":"bell-p-59-airacomet-premier-jet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/fr\/bell-p-59-airacomet-first-jet\/","title":{"rendered":"Airacomet : le premier avion de chasse \u00e0 r\u00e9action am\u00e9ricain"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style><p>\u00c0 l&#039;automne 1942, le chasseur le plus \u00e9trange d&#039;Am\u00e9rique reposait sur le lit ass\u00e9ch\u00e9 d&#039;un lac du d\u00e9sert de Mojave, dissimul\u00e9 derri\u00e8re un mensonge. Chaque fois que l&#039;appareil \u00e9tait stationn\u00e9 en plein air, les \u00e9quipes au sol boulonnaient une fausse h\u00e9lice en bois sur son nez, car la machine cach\u00e9e sous ce camouflage n&#039;avait aucune h\u00e9lice. C&#039;\u00e9tait un avion \u00e0 r\u00e9action, et les \u00c9tats-Unis n&#039;\u00e9taient pas pr\u00eats \u00e0 admettre son existence.<\/p><p>L&#039;histoire commen\u00e7a l&#039;ann\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente, lorsque le major-g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Henry Hap Arnold assista \u00e0 une d\u00e9monstration de r\u00e9acteur britannique et rapporta chez lui les plans du moteur r\u00e9volutionnaire de Frank Whittle. Arnold confia le groupe motopropulseur \u00e0 General Electric et la cellule \u00e0 Lawrence Bell, et donna au projet une d\u00e9signation d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment trompeuse pour faire croire qu&#039;il s&#039;agissait d&#039;un simple prototype \u00e0 piston.<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"background:#f5f5f5;padding:20px 24px;margin:24px 0;border-radius:8px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;font-weight:700;font-size:15px;letter-spacing:.04em;color:#5C91FF\">FAITS RAPIDES<\/p><table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:15px\"><tr><td style=\"padding:6px 14px 6px 0;font-weight:600;color:#333;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\">Taper<\/td><td style=\"padding:6px 0;color:#444\">Chasseur bir\u00e9acteur monoplace (devenu avion d&#039;entra\u00eenement)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:6px 14px 6px 0;font-weight:600;color:#333;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\">Premier vol<\/td><td style=\"padding:6px 0;color:#444\">1er octobre 1942<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:6px 14px 6px 0;font-weight:600;color:#333;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\">centrale \u00e9lectrique<\/td><td style=\"padding:6px 0;color:#444\">2 turbor\u00e9acteurs General Electric J31<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:6px 14px 6px 0;font-weight:600;color:#333;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\">vitesse maximale<\/td><td style=\"padding:6px 0;color:#444\">413 mph (665 km\/h)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:6px 14px 6px 0;font-weight:600;color:#333;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\">Nombre construit<\/td><td style=\"padding:6px 0;color:#444\">66 (dont 50 de production)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:6px 14px 6px 0;font-weight:600;color:#333;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\">Plafond de service<\/td><td style=\"padding:6px 0;color:#444\">46 200 pieds<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:6px 14px 6px 0;font-weight:600;color:#333;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\">Destin<\/td><td style=\"padding:6px 0;color:#444\">N&#039;a jamais particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des combats ; six d&#039;entre eux sont conserv\u00e9s dans des mus\u00e9es.<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">N\u00e9 d&#039;un secret britannique<\/h2><p>Le P-59 qui en r\u00e9sulta \u00e9tait un appareil bimoteur aux lignes \u00e9pur\u00e9es, dot\u00e9 de deux turbor\u00e9acteurs General Electric J31 log\u00e9s sous les emplantures des ailes. Le 1er octobre 1942, Bob Stanley, pilote d&#039;essai chez Bell, fit d\u00e9coller le XP-59A du lac ass\u00e9ch\u00e9 lors d&#039;essais de roulage \u00e0 grande vitesse, et effectua le lendemain le premier vol officiel. L&#039;Am\u00e9rique entrait dans l&#039;\u00e8re du jet.<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0lwHMLG9moU\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;border-radius:8px\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n<p>Le probl\u00e8me, c&#039;est que l&#039;\u00e8re du jet ne donnait pas l&#039;impression d&#039;\u00eatre si rapide. Avec une vitesse de seulement 665 km\/h, l&#039;Airacomet n&#039;\u00e9tait pas plus rapide que les meilleurs chasseurs \u00e0 h\u00e9lices de l&#039;\u00e9poque, et sa trajectoire sinueuse \u00e0 haute vitesse en faisait une mauvaise plateforme de tir. Lors d&#039;exercices de combat a\u00e9rien simul\u00e9s, l&#039;US Army Air Forces l&#039;opposait aux P-38 Lightning et P-47 Thunderbolt, et ce sont les vieux chasseurs \u00e0 pistons qui l&#039;emport\u00e8rent.<\/p>\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img data-opt-id=1067184612  fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:0e0_.b970\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/08\/bell-p-59-airacomet-first-jet-1.jpg\" alt=\"Bell XP-59A avec une fausse h\u00e9lice en bois install\u00e9e\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block;border-radius:6px\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">Au sol, une fausse h\u00e9lice en bois dissimulait le premier avion \u00e0 r\u00e9action am\u00e9ricain sous l&#039;apparence d&#039;un avion \u00e0 pistons ordinaire. Photo\u00a0: Forces a\u00e9riennes de l&#039;arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Un entra\u00eeneur, pas un guerrier<\/h2><p>Le verdict fut sans appel. Une commande de 100 chasseurs fut r\u00e9duite de moiti\u00e9, et les 50 exemplaires construits furent confi\u00e9s au 412e Groupe de chasse pour former les pilotes au pilotage des avions \u00e0 r\u00e9action. La Marine en testa deux et les jugea inadapt\u00e9s aux op\u00e9rations sur porte-avions\u00a0; la RAF en re\u00e7ut un en \u00e9change d&#039;un Gloster Meteor et fut tr\u00e8s d\u00e9\u00e7ue.<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>\u201c Le Bell P-59 Airacomet allait v\u00e9ritablement inaugurer une nouvelle \u00e8re pour l&#039;aviation am\u00e9ricaine. \u201d<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Actualit\u00e9s de l&#039;aviation vintage<\/strong> \u2014 publication sur l&#039;histoire de l&#039;aviation<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n<p>Pourtant, l&#039;Airacomet a accompli exactement ce que l&#039;histoire attendait de lui. Il n&#039;a jamais abattu d&#039;avion ennemi, mais il a fourni \u00e0 l&#039;Am\u00e9rique sa premi\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de pilotes et de m\u00e9caniciens form\u00e9s au pilotage d&#039;avions \u00e0 r\u00e9action, ouvrant la voie au Lockheed P-80 qui allait lui succ\u00e9der.<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/atGPYkaE1Po\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;border-radius:8px\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n<p>Le P-59 est rest\u00e9 dans les m\u00e9moires non pas pour les avions qu&#039;il a abattus, mais pour avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier. Parfois, le r\u00f4le du pionnier est simplement de prouver que la route est praticable.<\/p>\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img data-opt-id=1154725108  fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:0e0_.b970\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/08\/bell-p-59-airacomet-first-jet-2.jpg\" alt=\"Bell P-59 Airacomet pr\u00e9serv\u00e9\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block;border-radius:6px\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">Un P-59 Airacomet pr\u00e9serv\u00e9. Soixante-six exemplaires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits\u00a0; aucun n&#039;a jamais combattu. Photo\u00a0: US Air Force<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #1565c0;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>\u201c Cela se comparait tr\u00e8s d\u00e9favorablement aux avions qu&#039;ils utilisaient d\u00e9j\u00e0. \u201d<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>\u00c9valuation de la Royal Air Force, 1943<\/strong> \u2014 Pilotes britanniques \u00e0 bord du YP-59A \u00e9chang\u00e9 (via Wikip\u00e9dia)<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n<p>Dark Skies raconte l&#039;histoire compl\u00e8te de l&#039;avion qui a discr\u00e8tement inaugur\u00e9 l&#039;\u00e8re du jet en Am\u00e9rique\u00a0:<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/E0FAPX99miE\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;border-radius:8px\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n<p><em>Sources\u00a0: Wikip\u00e9dia\u00a0; Mus\u00e9e national de l\u2019air et de l\u2019espace\u00a0; Vintage Aviation News\u00a0; Arm\u00e9e de l\u2019air am\u00e9ricaine.<\/em><\/p>\r\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4ff;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:16px 20px;margin:32px 0 8px;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600;color:#333\">Articles similaires<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/fr\/de-havilland-vampire-wooden-jet-of-firsts\/\">Vampire : le jet en bois britannique des premi\u00e8res<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/fr\/gloster-javelin-raf-premier-intercepteur-delta\/\">Flat Iron : le premier intercepteur Delta de la RAF<\/a><\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the autumn of 1942, the strangest fighter in America sat on a dry lakebed in the Mojave wearing a lie. Whenever the aircraft was parked in the open, ground crews bolted a dummy wooden propeller to its nose, because the machine hidden beneath the disguise had no propeller at all. It was a jet, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":11490393,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[666,664],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11490368","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-and-legends","category-military-aviation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>P-59 Airacomet: America&#039;s First Jet Fighter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The P-59 Airacomet was America&#039;s first jet fighter, yet this underpowered twin-jet never fired a shot in anger and ended its days as a trainer.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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