{"id":19623880,"date":"2026-09-03T11:18:10","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T09:18:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/dornier-do-x-twelve-engine-flying-boat-169-passengers\/"},"modified":"2026-09-03T11:18:34","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T09:18:34","slug":"dornier-do-x-twelve-engine-flying-boat-169-passengers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/fr\/dornier-do-x-twelve-engine-flying-boat-169-passengers\/","title":{"rendered":"Dornier Do X: The 12-Engine Flying Boat That Carried 169 People"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\r\n\r\n<p>On 21 October 1929, a flying boat took off from Lake Constance with 169 people aboard. No aircraft had ever carried close to that many. The record would stand for about twenty years.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The Dornier Do X had twelve engines mounted above its wing in six back-to-back pairs, three passenger decks, a smoking room with a wet bar, and a flight engineer who worked twelve throttles from a separate control room and took his orders by engine-order telegraph, exactly as on a ship. Because that is what Claude Dornier had built: an ocean liner that happened to fly.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Barely.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f5f5f5;padding:20px 22px;margin:24px 0;font-size:15px;line-height:1.8\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;font-weight:600;font-size:17px\">Informations cl\u00e9s<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Designer:<\/strong> Claude Dornier<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Construit \u00e0 :<\/strong> Altenrhein, Switzerland &mdash; outside German territory, to sidestep Treaty of Versailles limits<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>First left the water:<\/strong> 12 July 1929<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Moteurs :<\/strong> twelve, in six tandem push-pull pairs above the wing<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Record flight:<\/strong> 169 people aloft, 21 October 1929<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Vitesse de croisi\u00e8re :<\/strong> about 170 km\/h<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Intended capacity:<\/strong> 66 passengers long-haul, up to 100 on short routes<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Construit:<\/strong> three &mdash; one German, two Italian<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Survivants :<\/strong> none; a tail section is at the Dornier Museum, Friedrichshafen<\/p><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Built in Switzerland on purpose<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The Treaty of Versailles capped what German factories were allowed to build. Dornier&rsquo;s answer was to build it somewhere else. The works went up at Altenrhein, on the Swiss shore of Lake Constance, a few miles from Germany and comfortably outside the treaty&rsquo;s reach. Construction began in December 1927 and took something in the region of 240,000 working hours.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>What emerged was, by a wide margin, the largest and heaviest aircraft in the world. It had no wing floats; instead it used sponsons &mdash; stub wings low on the hull that steadied it on the water and doubled as boarding platforms. The lower deck held the fuel and nine watertight compartments, only seven of which were needed to keep it afloat.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The aviation press was, briefly, lost for words.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><em>&ldquo;Rarely in the history of flying has a machine so captured the imagination as has the large Dornier flying ship, the &lsquo;Do. X.&rsquo; The size is beyond anything previously accomplished; the lines of the machine are unusual; and the power plant arrangement is novel.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Vol<\/strong> &mdash; The aeronautical weekly, official organ of the Royal Aero Club, 21 February 1930<\/div><\/div>\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">169 people, no passenger certificate<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The October 1929 flight was a demonstration, and a slightly reckless one. The aircraft held no passenger certification at all. The people aboard were mostly Dornier workers and their families, plus journalists and crew, and depending on which account you read there were either nine stowaways in the total or none at all. The aircraft climbed to around 200 metres, flew a circuit over Bregenz, Lindau and Friedrichshafen, and came back down after roughly fifty minutes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><em>&ldquo;The reports that have appeared concerning the flight of the Do.X have been so contradictory that it is impossible to get at the exact figures.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Vol<\/strong> &mdash; Editorial comment, \"Airship or Flying-Boat\", 25 October 1929<\/div><\/div>\r\n<p>That was written four days after the event. Ninety-seven years later the exact breakdown of those 169 people is still disputed. The total, at least, everyone agrees on.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img data-opt-id=1738975391  fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:tDZH.d09c\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/dornier-do-x-dining-salon.jpg\" alt=\"The dining salon aboard the Dornier Do X\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">The dining salon. Upholstered chairs, laid tables, curtained portholes and rugs, roughly 200 metres above Lake Constance. Photo: Bundesarchiv, CC BY-SA 3.0 de<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The problem with twelve engines<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The original powerplant was twelve Siemens-built Bristol Jupiter radials, each around 525 horsepower. On paper that is 6,000 hp. In practice they overheated at the sustained high revolutions the aircraft demanded, and the Do X could barely drag itself to 425 metres.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Read that again. An aircraft with a quoted service ceiling of 3,200 metres could not reliably get above about four hundred. It was, functionally, a machine that flew in ground effect and slightly above it. After 103 flights the Jupiters came out and twelve water-cooled Curtiss Conqueror V-12s went in, which bought it roughly another hundred metres of altitude &mdash; enough, just, to attempt an ocean.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Managing all this fell to a flight engineer in his own compartment on the upper deck, plus a team of mechanics who crouched in a crawlway barely over a metre high inside the wing, each nursing two engines.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Ten months to New York<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>In November 1930 the Do X set off for America. It went the long way, because it had to: Netherlands, England, France, Spain, Portugal. At Lisbon a fire destroyed the covering of the left wing &mdash; contemporary reporting in <em>Vol<\/em> blamed an electrical fault &mdash; and the aircraft sat there for around six weeks being repaired.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Then down the West African coast, out to the Cape Verde islands, across the Atlantic at its narrowest point to Natal in Brazil, up through Rio and the Caribbean, and finally into New York on 27 August 1931. Elapsed time from Friedrichshafen: very nearly ten months.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img data-opt-id=794108255  fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:tDZH.d09c\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/dornier-do-x-over-the-atlantic-1932.jpg\" alt=\"The Dornier Do X over the Atlantic in 1932\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">The Do X over the Atlantic in May 1932, its own shadow on the water beneath it. Photo: Bundesarchiv, CC BY-SA 3.0 de<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<p>It then spent nine months in New York having its engines overhauled while sightseers came to look at it, and returned to Berlin in May 1932 to a crowd reported at 200,000 people.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">What happened to them<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Three were built. The German aircraft was withdrawn after a heavy landing on a reservoir near Passau in 1933 tore the tail off &mdash; an accident that was quietly not publicised &mdash; and ended up as the centrepiece of the German aviation collection in Berlin, where it was wrecked in a bombing raid in November 1943. The two Italian machines, powered by Fiat engines, were mothballed at Marina di Pisa in 1935 and broken up for scrap two years later.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The verdict that matters was reached almost immediately. In that same October 1929 editorial, having done the arithmetic on payload against power reserve, <em>Vol<\/em> concluded that as a commercial proposition the Do X might not be quite so favourably placed as it first appeared. It took Dornier another three years to agree.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Period footage, from the Dornier Museum&rsquo;s own archive:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/v2aaXfqxFrQ\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n<p>And a 1930 film of a flight aboard it, which gives a far better sense of the scale of the thing than any specification:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7h1beFHjHno\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n<p>More archive film of the aircraft in service:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/71D1S8-1kUY\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n<p><em>Sources: Flight, 25 October 1929 and 21 February 1930; Der Spiegel einestages, 2009; Dornier Museum Friedrichshafen; Bundesarchiv.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4ff;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:16px 20px;margin:32px 0 8px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600;color:#333\">Articles similaires<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/fr\/saunders-roe-princess-flying-boat-too-late\/\">L&#039;hydravion g\u00e9ant britannique, n\u00e9 trop tard<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/fr\/neuf-ailes-lac-majeur-caproni-ca60-transaereo\/\">Neuf ailes sur le lac Majeur : le Caproni Ca.60<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/fr\/kalinine-k-7-moteur-sovietique-geant\/\">Le Kalinin K-7 : le g\u00e9ant \u00e0 sept moteurs de Staline<\/a><\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 1929 a twelve-engined German flying boat lifted 169 people off Lake Constance and set a record that stood for twenty years. It could barely climb above 400 metres.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":19623586,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[665,666],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19623880","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aviation-world","category-history-and-legends"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Dornier Do X: The 12-Engine Flying Boat of 1929 | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Dornier Do X carried 169 people over Lake Constance in 1929, a record that stood twenty years. 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