{"id":5907941,"date":"2026-07-17T11:49:24","date_gmt":"2026-07-17T09:49:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/?p=5907941"},"modified":"2026-07-20T12:12:03","modified_gmt":"2026-07-20T10:12:03","slug":"le-chasseur-a-decollage-et-atterrissage-vertical-rockwell-xfv-12-incapable-de-faire-du-surplace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/fr\/rockwell-xfv-12-vtol-fighter-that-couldnt-hover\/","title":{"rendered":"Le chasseur VTOL qui ne pouvait pas d\u00e9coller tout seul"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style><\/p>\r\n<p>Sur le papier, le Rockwell XFV-12 \u00e9tait un r\u00eave\u00a0: un chasseur supersonique Mach 2 capable de d\u00e9coller verticalement du pont d&#039;un petit navire, de combattre comme un F-4 Phantom et d&#039;atterrir \u00e0 la verticale dans un espace inaccessible par une piste d&#039;atterrissage. L&#039;US Navy le d\u00e9sirait ardemment. Rockwell promettait que c&#039;\u00e9tait possible.<\/p>\r\n<p>Il y avait juste un probl\u00e8me. Lorsqu&#039;ils l&#039;ont finalement suspendu \u00e0 un banc d&#039;essai et lui ont ordonn\u00e9 de d\u00e9coller, le chasseur VTOL le plus avanc\u00e9 jamais con\u00e7u par l&#039;Am\u00e9rique n&#039;a m\u00eame pas pu se soulever du sol.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background: #f5f5f5; padding: 20px; border-radius: 8px; margin: 24px 0;\">\r\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 10px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: .03em; color: #111;\">FAITS RAPIDES<\/p>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 6px 12px 6px 0; font-weight: 600; color: #333; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;\">R\u00f4le<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 6px 0; color: #444;\">Prototype de chasseur supersonique \u00e0 d\u00e9collage et atterrissage vertical (ADAV)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 6px 12px 6px 0; font-weight: 600; color: #333; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;\">Premier vol<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 6px 0; color: #444;\">Aucun \u2014 essais de vol stationnaire uniquement (1978)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 6px 12px 6px 0; font-weight: 600; color: #333; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;\">centrale \u00e9lectrique<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 6px 0; color: #444;\">1 turbor\u00e9acteur Pratt &amp; Whitney F401, ~30\u00a0000 lbf<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 6px 12px 6px 0; font-weight: 600; color: #333; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;\">Concept<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 6px 0; color: #444;\">\" Aile \u00e0 pouss\u00e9e augment\u00e9e \" \u2014 \u00e9chappement canalis\u00e9 \u00e0 travers l&#039;aile et les plans canards<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 6px 12px 6px 0; font-weight: 600; color: #333; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;\">Nombre construit<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 6px 0; color: #444;\">1<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 6px 12px 6px 0; font-weight: 600; color: #333; vertical-align: top; white-space: nowrap;\">Destin<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 6px 0; color: #444;\">Annul\u00e9 en 1981 ; ne pouvait soulever qu&#039;environ 751 tonnes de son propre poids.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top: 22px;\">L&#039;id\u00e9e astucieuse<\/h2>\r\n<p>Le XFV-12 est issu d&#039;un concours lanc\u00e9 en 1972 par l&#039;US Navy pour un avion \u00e0 d\u00e9collage et atterrissage vertical supersonique destin\u00e9 \u00e0 op\u00e9rer depuis de petits navires de contr\u00f4le maritime. La solution propos\u00e9e par Rockwell \u00e9tait ing\u00e9nieuse. Afin de r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts, l&#039;entreprise a emprunt\u00e9 le nez de l&#039;A-4 Skyhawk et les entr\u00e9es d&#039;air du F-4 Phantom, qu&#039;elle a int\u00e9gr\u00e9s autour d&#039;un unique et imposant turbor\u00e9acteur Pratt &amp; Whitney.<\/p>\r\n<p>Le secret r\u00e9sidait dans l&#039;aile. Pour la portance verticale, les gaz d&#039;\u00e9chappement du moteur seraient isol\u00e9s de l&#039;empennage et canalis\u00e9s vers l&#039;aile et deux immenses plans canards, projetant l&#039;air vers le bas par des tuy\u00e8res s&#039;ouvrant comme des stores v\u00e9nitiens. Le flux rapide des gaz d&#039;\u00e9chappement entra\u00eenerait d&#039;\u00e9normes volumes d&#039;air environnant, \"\u00a0augmentant\u00a0\" la pouss\u00e9e et, en th\u00e9orie, la multipliant suffisamment pour propulser l&#039;avion dans les airs.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden; margin: 24px 0;\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" style=\"position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; border: 0; border-radius: 8px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/A-76SrGsfPM\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-no-lazy=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin: 0 0 24px;\"><img data-opt-id=1739607913  fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: 6px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:0e0_.b970\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/07\/rockwell-xfv-12-concept-1974.jpg\" alt=\"Concept XFV-12, 1974\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" \/>\r\n<figcaption style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #777; text-align: center; margin-top: 6px; font-style: italic;\">Voici \u00e0 quoi cela \u00e9tait cens\u00e9 ressembler\u00a0: un dessin de Rockwell de 1974 repr\u00e9sentant le XFV-12 en vol stationnaire \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 d\u2019un navire. Il n\u2019a jamais r\u00e9alis\u00e9 cet exploit. Image\u00a0: Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top: 22px;\">Quand la th\u00e9orie a rencontr\u00e9 le banc d&#039;essai<\/h2>\r\n<p>Les essais en laboratoire avaient pr\u00e9dit que l&#039;aile augmenterait la pouss\u00e9e d&#039;environ 551 TPP3T. Mais le passage \u00e0 un avion r\u00e9el a rendu les calculs impossibles. Les conduits longs et complexes ont entra\u00een\u00e9 une perte de puissance, et l&#039;augmentation s&#039;est effondr\u00e9e\u00a0: seulement 191 TPP3T au niveau de l&#039;aile et un maigre 61 TPP3T au niveau du canard.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background: #f8f9fa; border-left: 4px solid  #d32f2f; padding: 20px 22px; margin: 18px 0 24px; border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.7; display: flex; gap: 20px; align-items: flex-start;\">\r\n<div><em>\u201c Le rapport puissance\/poids \u00e9tait tel que le moteur n&#039;\u00e9tait capable de soulever verticalement que 75% du poids de l&#039;avion dans lequel il \u00e9tait mont\u00e9. \u201d<\/em>\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: 10px; font-size: 14px; color: #555;\"><strong>GlobalSecurity.org<\/strong> \u2014 lors des essais de vol stationnaire captif de 1978<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Un taux de 75 % est catastrophique pour un avion dont la raison d&#039;\u00eatre \u00e9tait le vol vertical. Enlis\u00e9e dans son portique tout au long de l&#039;ann\u00e9e 1978, l&#039;XFV-12 a pein\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9coller sans jamais parvenir \u00e0 s&#039;\u00e9lever. L&#039;ing\u00e9nieur en chef du programme lui-m\u00eame pesait ses mots face \u00e0 l&#039;accumulation des anomalies.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background: #f8f9fa; border-left: 4px solid  #1565c0; padding: 20px 22px; margin: 18px 0 24px; border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.7; display: flex; gap: 20px; align-items: flex-start;\">\r\n<div><em>\u201c Cela a peut-\u00eatre permis de pr\u00e9dire l\u2019\u00e9coulement dans les coins des \u00e9jecteurs et d\u2019isoler les anomalies de pouss\u00e9e verticale. \u201d<\/em>\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: 10px; font-size: 14px; color: #555;\"><strong>Bob Gulcher<\/strong> \u2014 Ing\u00e9nieur en chef de division, programme XFV-12A<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin: 0 0 24px;\"><img data-opt-id=1621266939  fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" style=\"max-width: 100%; height: auto; border-radius: 6px;\" src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:0e0_.b970\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/07\/rockwell-xfv-12a-2.jpg\" alt=\"Rockwell XFV-12A\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" \/>\r\n<figcaption style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #777; text-align: center; margin-top: 6px; font-style: italic;\">Le seul XFV-12A construit. Le programme fut annul\u00e9 en 1981 et les \u00c9tats-Unis finirent par acqu\u00e9rir le Harrier de conception britannique. Photo\u00a0: Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n<p>Face \u00e0 des r\u00e9sultats d\u00e9cevants et \u00e0 des co\u00fbts en constante augmentation, la Marine am\u00e9ricaine abandonna le projet en 1981. La le\u00e7on, co\u00fbteuse mais sans \u00e9quivoque, fut la suivante\u00a0: un concept prometteur en soufflerie peut se r\u00e9v\u00e9ler totalement inefficace en conditions r\u00e9elles. Finalement, le seul avion \u00e0 d\u00e9collage vertical am\u00e9ricain ayant connu le succ\u00e8s \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque n\u2019\u00e9tait pas de conception nationale\u00a0: il s\u2019agissait du Harrier britannique, qui se contentait d\u2019orienter ses tuy\u00e8res vers le bas et de d\u00e9coller.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position: relative; padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0; overflow: hidden; margin: 24px 0;\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" style=\"position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; border: 0; border-radius: 8px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZneQVx-Zpfo\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-no-lazy=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Sources\u00a0: GlobalSecurity.org\u00a0; rapports techniques de la NASA\u00a0; Vintage Aviation News\u00a0; Wikip\u00e9dia.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background: #f0f4ff; border-left: 4px solid #5C91FF; padding: 16px 20px; margin: 32px 0 8px; border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0;\">\r\n<p style=\"margin: 0 0 8px; font-weight: 600; color: #333;\">Articles similaires<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"margin: 4px 0;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/fr\/convair-xfy-pogo-tail-sitter-vtol-fighter-coleman\/\">Le Convair XFY Pogo : un avion de chasse qui a d\u00e9coll\u00e9 debout<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"margin: 4px 0;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/fr\/vfw-vak-191b-vtol-strike-fighter-west-germany\/\">L&#039;avion \u00e0 d\u00e9collage vertical allemand qui a perdu face aux math\u00e9matiques<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le XFV-12 de Rockwell promettait un vol vertical supersonique avec une \u201c aile \u00e0 pouss\u00e9e augment\u00e9e \u201d \u2014 mais sur le banc d&#039;essai, il ne pouvait soulever que 75% de son propre poids.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":5907718,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[666,664],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5907941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-and-legends","category-military-aviation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rockwell XFV-12: The VTOL Fighter That Couldn&#039;t Hover<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Rockwell XFV-12 promised a Mach-2 VTOL fighter for the US Navy \u2014 then failed to lift its own weight. 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