{"id":22549173,"date":"2026-09-15T16:00:17","date_gmt":"2026-09-15T14:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/operation-solomon-1991-el-al-747-record-ethiopian-jews-airlift\/"},"modified":"2026-09-15T16:00:50","modified_gmt":"2026-09-15T14:00:50","slug":"operation-solomon-1991-el-al-747-record-ethiopian-jews-airlift","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/operation-solomon-1991-el-al-747-record-ethiopian-jews-airlift\/","title":{"rendered":"Operation Solomon: The El Al 747 That Carried 1,088 People"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\r\n\r\n<p>The certified maximum capacity of a Boeing 747-200 in the densest airline layout ever offered was somewhere around 550 seats. On 24 May 1991, an El Al 747 freighter left Addis Ababa carrying, by the Guinness World Records figure, 1,088 people. Two of them were born during the flight.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>It remains the record for the most passengers ever carried on a single aircraft, and it is very unlikely to be broken, because the circumstances that produced it were not the kind anyone wants repeated. The flight was one of 35 in a 36-hour airlift called Operation Solomon.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f5f5f5;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:24px 0\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;font-weight:700;font-size:17px;color:#222\">Quick Facts<\/p><table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:15px;line-height:1.6\"><tr><td style=\"padding:4px 12px 4px 0;color:#555;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\"><strong>Operation<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:4px 0;color:#222\">Solomon (Hebrew: Mivtza Shlomo), Israeli airlift of Ethiopian Jews<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:4px 12px 4px 0;color:#555;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\"><strong>Dates<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:4px 0;color:#222\">24 to 25 May 1991, completed in roughly 36 hours<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:4px 12px 4px 0;color:#555;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\"><strong>People moved<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:4px 0;color:#222\">14,325<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:4px 12px 4px 0;color:#555;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\"><strong>Aircraft used<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:4px 0;color:#222\">35, including Israeli Air Force C-130 Hercules and El Al Boeing 747s and 707s<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:4px 12px 4px 0;color:#555;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\"><strong>Record flight<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:4px 0;color:#222\">One El Al 747 freighter; Guinness records 1,088 people, including two babies born in flight<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:4px 12px 4px 0;color:#555;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\"><strong>Reported range<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:4px 0;color:#222\">Contemporary reports give figures from 1,078 to 1,122; an IDF Archives caption says 1,222<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:4px 12px 4px 0;color:#555;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\"><strong>Why it worked<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:4px 0;color:#222\">Seats removed, passengers seated on the cabin floor, minimal baggage, low average body weight<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:4px 12px 4px 0;color:#555;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\"><strong>Political trigger<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding:4px 0;color:#222\">The collapse of the Mengistu regime, a letter from President George H. W. Bush, and a 35 million dollar payment<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Why the Airlift Happened When It Did<\/h2>\r\n<p>By May 1991 the government of Mengistu Haile Mariam was collapsing. Eritrean and Tigrayan rebel forces were closing on Addis Ababa, and roughly 14,000 members of Ethiopia&rsquo;s Beta Israel community, most of them originally from the Gondar highlands, were concentrated in transit conditions in the capital. Many had walked hundreds of miles to get there. Some had been robbed on the way; some had been killed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Israel had tried this twice before. Operation Moses in 1984-85 and Operation Joshua in 1985 both moved Ethiopian Jews out via Sudan, and both were shut down when the quiet permissions that made them possible were withdrawn. In the years between, almost nobody got out.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Nor was the decision uncontested inside Israel. Through the 1980s there was a sustained argument over whether Beta Israel should be recognised as Jewish at all, and a separate argument about whether the cultural distance made resettlement workable. Yehuda Dominitz, then director general of the Jewish Agency&rsquo;s immigration and absorption department, compared the move to taking a fish out of water.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #d32f2f;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><em>&ldquo;Taking a fish out of water.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Yehuda Dominitz<\/strong> &mdash; Jewish Agency Department of Immigration and Absorption, on relocating Ethiopian Jews to Israel<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>What broke the deadlock in 1991 was a combination of leverage and money. American diplomats, including Senator Rudy Boschwitz as a special emissary of President George H. W. Bush, pressed the case in Addis Ababa. Bush wrote directly to the Ethiopian leadership. Mengistu had previously wanted weapons in exchange for emigration; in the end the acting president, Tesfaye Gebre Kidan, authorised the airlift, and roughly 35 million dollars was raised by Jewish organisations and paid to the Ethiopian government and the airport. Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Shamir oversaw the operation, and military censorship kept it out of the press until it was done.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/operation-solomon-transit-camp-ethiopia-1991.jpg\" alt=\"Israeli personnel receiving Ethiopian Jewish immigrants at the transit camp in Ethiopia, 1991\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">At the transit camp in Ethiopia before the flights. Most of those waiting had walked to Addis Ababa from the Gondar highlands. Photo: IDF Archives via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The Aircraft, and Why the Numbers Got So Large<\/h2>\r\n<p>The fleet assembled for the operation mixed military and civil aircraft: Israeli Air Force <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">C-130 Hercules<\/a> transports alongside El Al Boeing 747s and 707s. The largest loads went onto 747 freighters, which have no seats on the main deck at all, only a flat cargo floor and a set of tie-down tracks.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>That is the whole trick, and it is not a trick anyone would use in normal service. Passenger aircraft are capacity-limited by seats, by emergency exits, and by evacuation certification. A freighter carrying people sitting on the floor is limited only by weight and by floor area. The Beta Israel passengers were, on average, light, and they carried almost nothing. One passenger later described arriving with clothes and cooking pots and nothing else.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><em>&ldquo;We didn&rsquo;t bring any of our clothes, we didn&rsquo;t bring any of our things, but we are very glad to be here.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Mukat Abag, aged 29<\/strong> &mdash; on arrival in Israel, quoted in <em>The New York Times<\/em>, 26 May 1991<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/operation-solomon-el-al-747-cargo-ethiopian-jews-1991.jpg\" alt=\"Ethiopian Jewish passengers aboard an El Al Boeing 747 freighter during Operation Solomon\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">The main deck in flight. No seats, no galleys, no cabin fittings, just people on the floor. Photo: IDF Archives via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LCyO56MM1XY\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">So How Many People Were Actually on That Aeroplane?<\/h2>\r\n<p>Nobody counted precisely, and the honest answer is a range rather than a number. Guinness World Records lists 1,088, including the two babies born in flight, and notes that contemporary reports of the same aircraft ran from 1,078 to 1,122. An IDF Archives caption on one of the photographs from the operation gives 1,222. Eight children were born across the airlift as a whole.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The record itself is not disputed. No other aircraft has ever carried anything close. For comparison, the highest-density certified airliner configurations in service today top out in the high 500s, and the Airbus A380 has never been certified above 853 seats.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/el-al-cargo-boeing-747-200-4x-axf-1991.jpg\" alt=\"El Al Cargo Boeing 747-200 4X-AXF at London Heathrow in 1991\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">An El Al Cargo 747-200 photographed at Heathrow in 1991. Aircraft of this type and configuration flew the largest loads out of Addis Ababa. Photo: Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gR63ql1-V5M\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Thirty-Six Hours, and a Friday<\/h2>\r\n<p>The airlift began on a Friday, which mattered in two directions. Friday evening begins Shabbat, when observant Jews do not normally travel or use vehicles. But Jewish religious law explicitly permits breaking Sabbath restrictions to save lives, and the practical effect was that a large number of Israeli vehicles and crews were free rather than committed elsewhere.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Aircraft flew non-stop between Addis Ababa and Israel and turned straight around. At the Israeli end, ambulances met the flights on the tarmac. Around 140 frail passengers needed medical attention immediately on landing, and the women who had given birth in the air went straight to hospital with their babies.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/operation-solomon-ethiopian-immigrants-disembark-israel-1991-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Ethiopian immigrants disembarking from a Boeing jet at an Israeli air force base, 1991\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">Coming off the aircraft at an Israeli air force base after the flight from Addis Ababa. Photo: Government Press Office via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/s-9nwvjuNMQ\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">What Happened Afterwards<\/h2>\r\n<p>Operation Solomon moved almost twice as many people as Operation Moses had. Between 1990 and 1999, more than 39,000 Ethiopian Jews arrived in Israel.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The landing was harder than the flight. The community moved in a single weekend from a rural, largely agrarian and largely non-Hebrew-speaking life to a dense urban economy. Estimates in 2006 suggested that as many as 80 percent of adult Ethiopian immigrants were out of work and living on state welfare payments. Those figures improved substantially by 2016, to roughly 20 percent of men and 26 percent of women, but Ethiopian Israelis born and educated in Israel have continued to report disproportionate difficulty finding work, and there have been significant public protests over discrimination, notably in 2015.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>That is part of the story too, and leaving it out would make the aviation record sound tidier than it was. What the aircraft did in 36 hours was the easy part.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The film <em>Fig Tree<\/em> (2018), directed by Alamork Davidian, is drawn from the director&rsquo;s own experience of Operation Solomon. Stephen Spector&rsquo;s <em>Operation Solomon: The Daring Rescue of the Ethiopian Jews<\/em> (Oxford University Press, 2005) remains the standard account.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<style>.mfq{margin:34px 0 8px}.mfq h2{font:26px\/1.3 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;padding-top:22px;margin:0 0 6px}.mfq .qa details{border-top:1px solid #5C91FF;margin:0;padding:0}.mfq .qa details:last-of-type{border-bottom:1px solid #e2e7ee}.mfq .qa summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;padding:22px 26px;font:18px\/1.7 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117}.mfq .qa summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.mfq .qa summary::after{content:\"+\";font:24px Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#3568e0;flex:0 0 auto}.mfq .qa details[open] summary::after{content:\"\\2013\"}.mfq .qa details:hover summary{color:#3568e0}.mfq .qa .a{font:16px\/1.7 \"Gilroy regular\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#454e5e;padding:0 26px 24px}.mfq .qa .a a{color:#3568e0}@media(max-width:680px){.mfq .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}.mfq .qa .a{padding:0 14px 20px}}<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n<style>.mfq{margin:34px 0 8px}.mfq h2{font:26px\/1.3 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;padding-top:22px;margin:0 0 6px}.mfq .qa details{border-top:1px solid #5C91FF;margin:0;padding:0}.mfq .qa details:last-of-type{border-bottom:1px solid #e2e7ee}.mfq .qa summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;padding:22px 26px;font:18px\/1.7 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117}.mfq .qa summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.mfq .qa summary::after{content:\"+\";font:24px Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#3568e0;flex:0 0 auto}.mfq .qa details[open] summary::after{content:\"\\2013\"}.mfq .qa details:hover summary{color:#3568e0}.mfq .qa .a{font:16px\/1.7 \"Gilroy regular\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#454e5e;padding:0 26px 24px}.mfq .qa .a a{color:#3568e0}@media(max-width:680px){.mfq .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}.mfq .qa .a{padding:0 14px 20px}}<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n<section class=\"mfq\"><h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2><div class=\"qa\"><details open><summary>What was Operation Solomon?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Operation Solomon was a covert Israeli airlift that moved 14,325 Ethiopian Jews from Addis Ababa to Israel between 24 and 25 May 1991, in roughly 36 hours. Thirty-five aircraft were used, including Israeli Air Force C-130 Hercules transports and El Al Boeing 747s and 707s. It was Israel&rsquo;s third such operation, after Operation Moses in 1984-85 and Operation Joshua in 1985.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How many people were on the record-setting Boeing 747?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Guinness World Records puts the figure at 1,088, including two babies born during the flight, and this stands as the record for the most passengers carried on a single aircraft. Contemporary reports of the same flight give numbers from 1,078 to 1,122, and an IDF Archives photo caption gives 1,222. No precise headcount was taken at the time.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How could a 747 carry more than a thousand people?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The aircraft was a freighter, not a passenger jet. Its main deck had no seats, galleys or cabin fittings, so passengers sat directly on the cargo floor. With almost no baggage and a low average body weight, the limits were floor area and total weight rather than the number of certified seats and exits. No airline would or could operate this way in normal service.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why did Israel launch the airlift in May 1991?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Because the Mengistu Haile Mariam government was about to fall. Eritrean and Tigrayan rebel forces were closing on Addis Ababa, and around 14,000 Beta Israel had gathered in the capital in poor conditions. American diplomatic pressure, including a letter from President George H. W. Bush and a mission led by Senator Rudy Boschwitz, plus roughly 35 million dollars raised by Jewish organisations, secured Ethiopian permission.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What aircraft types flew Operation Solomon?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Israeli Air Force Lockheed C-130 Hercules transports, known in Israeli service as the Karnaf, together with El Al Boeing 747s, including 747 freighters, and Boeing 707s. The heaviest loads went on the 747 freighters because their main decks were empty cargo holds.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Were any babies born during Operation Solomon?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Yes. Two babies were born aboard the record-setting 747 flight and are included in the Guinness figure of 1,088. Eight children in total were born during the airlift process. Mothers and newborns were taken to hospital directly from the aircraft, and around 140 frail passengers received medical care on the tarmac on arrival.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What happened to the Ethiopian Jews after they arrived in Israel?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Integration proved difficult. Estimates in 2006 suggested up to 80 percent of adult Ethiopian immigrants were unemployed and dependent on state welfare. By 2016 those figures had improved to roughly 20 percent of men and 26 percent of women. Ethiopian Israelis educated in Israel still report disproportionate difficulty in the labour market, and there have been significant public protests over discrimination, including large demonstrations in 2015.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is the Operation Solomon passenger record likely to be broken?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Almost certainly not. Modern airliners are capacity-limited by certified seating and emergency-exit rules; the highest-density configurations in airline service top out in the high 500s, and the Airbus A380 has never been certified for more than 853 seats. Exceeding 1,000 people on one aircraft requires a freighter, no seats, and an emergency severe enough to justify it.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What was Operation Solomon?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Operation Solomon was a covert Israeli airlift that moved 14,325 Ethiopian Jews from Addis Ababa to Israel between 24 and 25 May 1991, in roughly 36 hours. Thirty-five aircraft were used, including Israeli Air Force C-130 Hercules transports and El Al Boeing 747s and 707s. It was Israel\u2019s third such operation, after Operation Moses in 1984-85 and Operation Joshua in 1985.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How many people were on the record-setting Boeing 747?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Guinness World Records puts the figure at 1,088, including two babies born during the flight, and this stands as the record for the most passengers carried on a single aircraft. Contemporary reports of the same flight give numbers from 1,078 to 1,122, and an IDF Archives photo caption gives 1,222. No precise headcount was taken at the time.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How could a 747 carry more than a thousand people?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The aircraft was a freighter, not a passenger jet. Its main deck had no seats, galleys or cabin fittings, so passengers sat directly on the cargo floor. With almost no baggage and a low average body weight, the limits were floor area and total weight rather than the number of certified seats and exits. No airline would or could operate this way in normal service.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why did Israel launch the airlift in May 1991?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Because the Mengistu Haile Mariam government was about to fall. Eritrean and Tigrayan rebel forces were closing on Addis Ababa, and around 14,000 Beta Israel had gathered in the capital in poor conditions. American diplomatic pressure, including a letter from President George H. W. Bush and a mission led by Senator Rudy Boschwitz, plus roughly 35 million dollars raised by Jewish organisations, secured Ethiopian permission.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What aircraft types flew Operation Solomon?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Israeli Air Force Lockheed C-130 Hercules transports, known in Israeli service as the Karnaf, together with El Al Boeing 747s, including 747 freighters, and Boeing 707s. The heaviest loads went on the 747 freighters because their main decks were empty cargo holds.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Were any babies born during Operation Solomon?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. Two babies were born aboard the record-setting 747 flight and are included in the Guinness figure of 1,088. Eight children in total were born during the airlift process. Mothers and newborns were taken to hospital directly from the aircraft, and around 140 frail passengers received medical care on the tarmac on arrival.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What happened to the Ethiopian Jews after they arrived in Israel?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Integration proved difficult. Estimates in 2006 suggested up to 80 percent of adult Ethiopian immigrants were unemployed and dependent on state welfare. By 2016 those figures had improved to roughly 20 percent of men and 26 percent of women. Ethiopian Israelis educated in Israel still report disproportionate difficulty in the labour market, and there have been significant public protests over discrimination, including large demonstrations in 2015.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Is the Operation Solomon passenger record likely to be broken?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Almost certainly not. Modern airliners are capacity-limited by certified seating and emergency-exit rules; the highest-density configurations in airline service top out in the high 500s, and the Airbus A380 has never been certified for more than 853 seats. Exceeding 1,000 people on one aircraft requires a freighter, no seats, and an emergency severe enough to justify it.\"}}]}<\/script><p><em>Sources: Joel Brinkley, &ldquo;Ethiopian Jews and Israelis Exult as Airlift Is Completed&rdquo;, <em>The New York Times<\/em>, 26 May 1991; Guinness World Records, &ldquo;Most passengers on an aircraft&rdquo;; Stephen Spector, <em>Operation Solomon: The Daring Rescue of the Ethiopian Jews<\/em>, Oxford University Press, 2005; Wikipedia; IDF Archives and Israeli Government Press Office via Wikimedia Commons; Haaretz; Vox.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4ff;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:16px 20px;margin:32px 0 8px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600;color:#333\">Related Posts<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/operation-nickel-grass-1973-airlift-israel-c-5-c-141\/\">Nickel Grass: The Airlift That Saved Israel<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/operation-deep-freeze-antarctic-aviation-lc-130-pegasus\/\">Operation Deep Freeze: 70 Years of US Aviation in Antarctica<\/a><\/p><\/div>\r\n\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 36 hours in May 1991, 35 aircraft moved 14,325 people out of Addis Ababa. One El Al 747 freighter carried more than a thousand of them, and still holds the record.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":22548515,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[665,666],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22549173","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aviation-world","category-history-and-legends"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Operation Solomon: The 747 That Carried 1,088 People<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Operation Solomon moved 14,325 Ethiopian Jews to Israel in 36 hours in May 1991. 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