{"id":27397077,"date":"2026-10-09T10:59:32","date_gmt":"2026-10-09T08:59:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/targeting-pods-explained-sniper-litening-atflir-talios\/"},"modified":"2026-10-09T10:59:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T08:59:40","slug":"targeting-pods-explained-sniper-litening-atflir-talios","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/targeting-pods-explained-sniper-litening-atflir-talios\/","title":{"rendered":"Targeting Pods Explained: How Sniper and LITENING Find a Target"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\n<!-- mfsh:top -->\n\n<style>\n.mfsh-trigger{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;height:44px;padding:0 18px;margin:0 0 26px;border:2px solid 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Two F-111Fs circle at medium altitude over a sixty-by-thirty-mile box of desert. In the right seat, a weapon systems officer stares at a small black-and-white screen where the sand has gone cool and grey and the dug-in tanks are still glowing white with the heat of the day. He puts a crosshair on one, a laser fires, and a few seconds later a 500-pound bomb arrives exactly where the crosshair is.<\/p>\n<p>The crews called it tank plinking, after shooting tin cans with an air rifle. What made it possible was not the aeroplane or the bomb. It was a pod about the length of a small car, stowed in the weapons bay on a rotating cradle, called Pave Tack.<\/p>\n<p>Thirty-five years on, that pod has shrunk to a slim cylinder under the intake of almost every strike fighter in the world. Here are targeting pods explained: what is inside them, how they see, measure and mark, why their video changed close air support, and how the idea grew out of Vietnam.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"background:#f4f6f8;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:18px 22px;margin:26px 0\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;font-weight:700;font-size:17px;color:#0d1117\">Quick Facts<\/p><p style=\"margin:5px 0\"><strong>What a targeting pod does:<\/strong> Finds, identifies and tracks a target with stabilised infrared and TV cameras, measures its range and marks it with a laser<\/p><p style=\"margin:5px 0\"><strong>Core sensors:<\/strong> Infrared camera (FLIR), daylight TV camera, laser designator and rangefinder, laser spot tracker, infrared marker<\/p><p style=\"margin:5px 0\"><strong>Designator wavelength:<\/strong> 1,064 nanometres, coded with pulse repetition frequency (PRF) codes the bomb\u2019s seeker is set to match<\/p><p style=\"margin:5px 0\"><strong>Sniper ATP (AN\/AAQ-33):<\/strong> Lockheed Martin; picked by the USAF in August 2001; 446 lb, 98.2 in long, 11.9 in diameter<\/p><p style=\"margin:5px 0\"><strong>LITENING (AN\/AAQ-28):<\/strong> Rafael with Northrop Grumman; first developed for the Israeli Air Force, the 1,000th pod sold in October 2010<\/p><p style=\"margin:5px 0\"><strong>Ancestors:<\/strong> Pave Knife (Vietnam), Pave Tack (service from 1982), LANTIRN (first production pod March 1987)<\/p><p style=\"margin:5px 0\"><strong>Changed the game:<\/strong> ROVER video downlinks, first fielded in 2004, let ground controllers see the pod\u2019s picture live<\/p><\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">From a TV camera on a wing to Pave Tack<\/h2>\n<p>The targeting pod exists because the laser-guided bomb did. Texas Instruments won the contract for what became Paveway in 1967, and the Air Force combat-tested it in Vietnam from May to August 1968. A laser bomb, though, is useless unless someone keeps a laser spot on the target until impact, and doing that from a manoeuvring jet over a defended target was the hard part.<\/p>\n<p>The first answer to see real combat use was Pave Knife, which replaced earlier experimental designators. Philco-Ford built a dozen of them: a roughly banana-shaped pod weighing about 1,200 pounds, with a steerable laser and a closed-circuit TV camera. The back-seater watched the picture on a small cockpit screen and steered the laser with a hand controller. Six pods went to Southeast Asia on <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-4-phantom-ii\/\">F-4 Phantom II<\/a> fighters, three were held in reserve, and three went to US Navy <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/a-6-intruder\/\">A-6 Intruder<\/a> squadron VA-145.<\/p>\n<p>Their most famous target was the Thanh Hoa bridge, the Dragon\u2019s Jaw. By 1972 the Air Force and Navy had flown 871 sorties against it and lost 11 aircraft. On 13 May 1972, F-4s from Ubon hit it with 26 laser-guided bombs and knocked the western span off its abutment. Precision had arrived, but only in daylight and clear weather, because a TV camera cannot see in the dark.<\/p>\n<p>Pave Tack fixed that. Ford Aerospace\u2019s AN\/AVQ-26 married a laser designator and rangefinder to an imaging infrared sensor in a large rotating turret that could roll and pitch to keep the laser on the target after the aircraft had flown past it. It entered service in 1982 and weighed about 1,300 pounds. On the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-111-aardvark\/\">F-111 Aardvark<\/a> it lived in the weapons bay on a rotating cradle and swung out when needed. On the F-4 it hung under the belly, and crews, feeling the drag, called it Pave Drag.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/pave-tack-an-avq-26-targeting-pod-museum.jpg\" alt=\"A Pave Tack AN\/AVQ-26 targeting pod on display, showing its large rotating sensor turret\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">Pave Tack on display at the National Museum of the US Air Force. The big turret at the front held the infrared sensor, laser rangefinder and laser designator, and rotated to keep the laser on a target behind the aircraft. Photo: Greg Goebel \/ public domain<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>Pave Tack and the Paveway II made their combat debut together in Operation El Dorado Canyon, the April 1986 raid on Libya. Five years later came the Gulf War, and the medium-altitude night mission nobody had trained for.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Tank plinking: the night the pods proved themselves<\/h2>\n<p>Before the air campaign began, wings equipped with infrared pods flew night training sorties against US armour in the Saudi desert, an exercise known as Night Camel. The tapes showed something nobody had planned around: between sunset and midnight, armoured vehicles stood out clearly on the infrared screens, their metal still holding the heat of the day after the sand had cooled.<\/p>\n<p>That observation became a tactic. Instead of screaming in at low level against a single fixed target, which is what F-111, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-15e-strike-eagle\/\">F-15E Strike Eagle<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16<\/a> and A-6 crews had trained for, aircraft loitered at medium altitude over a kill box and picked off vehicles one at a time with 500-pound GBU-12s. The F-111Fs flew 664 successful sorties of the mission over 23 days. On several occasions, two F-15Es carrying eight GBU-12s between them destroyed sixteen armoured vehicles in a single sortie.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/mmVjyuawVew\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin:-10px 0 24px;font-style:italic\">Period weapon-system video from F-111Fs in Operation Desert Storm: the infrared picture, the crosshair and the laser-guided bomb arriving on it.<\/p>\n<p>The National Museum of the US Air Force credits F-111F crews using Pave Tack with destroying more than 1,000 tanks and vehicles with 500-pound laser-guided bombs, while 2,000-pound bombs went into bridges and hardened aircraft shelters. Two of the officers who flew and planned the mission later summed up what it meant for anyone sitting in a trench.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #d32f2f;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><em>&ldquo;Today, if armies dig in, they die. If they come out of their holes, they die sooner.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Maj. Michael J. \u201cBoone\u201d Bodner and Maj. William W. Bruner III<\/strong> &mdash; F-111F pilot and F-111 weapon system officer, \u201cTank Plinking\u201d, Air Force Magazine, October 1993<\/div><\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Targeting pods explained: what is inside the cylinder<\/h2>\n<p>Open up a current pod and you find the same jobs Pave Tack did, done far better and in a fraction of the space. The US Air Force fact sheet for Lockheed Martin\u2019s Sniper Advanced Targeting Pod lists them: a mid-wave infrared sensor, a high-definition TV camera, a dual-mode laser, a laser spot tracker, a laser marker, a video datalink and a digital recorder. The whole thing weighs 446 pounds and is 98.2 inches long and 11.9 inches across.<\/p>\n<p>The infrared camera, the FLIR in pilot shorthand, is the heart of it. It sees heat rather than light, which is why it works at night and why a tank engine, a vehicle exhaust or a person stands out against cooler ground. The TV camera does the same job in daylight with better resolution and, on the newest pods, in colour. Both look out through the faceted window at the nose, and both are mounted on a gimbal.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/sniper-atp-se-targeting-pod-lockheed-martin.jpg\" alt=\"Side view of a Lockheed Martin Sniper ATP-SE targeting pod against a dark background, with its faceted nose section on the right\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">A Sniper ATP-SE pod. The faceted section at the front houses the stabilised sensor head with its infrared and TV cameras and laser; the rest of the cylinder is electronics, cooling and the datalink. Image: Lockheed Martin<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>That gimbal is where most of the engineering money goes. A fighter at several hundred knots bounces, vibrates and turns; the camera has to hold a crosshair steady on one vehicle many miles away while it does so. Stabilisation, improved again in the latest LITENING and TALIOS versions, is what turns a shaky video into something a crew can aim a bomb with. Automatic trackers then lock on to the contrast of the target and follow it as it moves, or as the aircraft does.<\/p>\n<p>The laser does two jobs. Fired at the target and timed on its way back, it is a rangefinder, giving the aircraft an exact distance and, combined with its own position, accurate coordinates. That is how a pod generates the target coordinates that satellite-guided JDAMs need. Fired in designation mode, it lights the target for a laser-guided weapon.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The laser: coded light the bomb is listening for<\/h2>\n<p>Military designators work at 1,064 nanometres, in the near infrared and invisible to the eye. The beam is not on continuously. It fires a series of coded pulses, set by pulse repetition frequency codes, and the seeker on a laser-guided bomb or missile looks for reflected energy with that code and steers towards the centre of the spot.<\/p>\n<p>The codes are why several aircraft can work the same area at once without their weapons chasing each other\u2019s spots. They are also why the laser spot tracker exists. If someone else, a soldier with a hand-held designator or another jet, is already marking a target, the pod can be set to that code and slew its cameras straight to the spot. The crew sees exactly what the person on the ground is pointing at.<\/p>\n<p>The laser marker works the other way round. It projects an infrared pointer designed to be seen through night-vision goggles, so the aircrew can show the ground force which building they mean. And the physics has limits that no software removes: cloud, rain and smoke can make laser designation difficult or impossible, which is one reason GPS-guided weapons took over so much of the precision workload.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uoX3IvpGhzI\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin:-10px 0 24px;font-style:italic\">Rafael\u2019s own presentation of LITENING, the Israeli-designed pod that Northrop Grumman builds for US and allied air forces.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">ROVER: when the picture left the cockpit<\/h2>\n<p>For most of the pod\u2019s history, only the crew saw the picture. Close air support relied on a controller on the ground describing a target in words to a pilot looking at a completely different view from 10,000 or 15,000 feet. Talk-ons were slow and errors were deadly.<\/p>\n<p>ROVER, the Remotely Operated Video Enhanced Receiver, ended that. A small datalink module in the pod sends its video to a rugged laptop carried by a joint terminal attack controller. The first generation appeared in 2004, and US Air Forces Central later took delivery of the 2,000th set. \u201cA picture is truly worth 1,000 words,\u201d said Lt. Col. Matthew Bannon, chief of reconnaissance at the CENTAF Combined Air and Space Operations Center.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><em>&ldquo;We can even zoom in and see individuals running in and out of buildings and follow them through the entire city.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Staff Sgt. Kenneth Swank<\/strong> &mdash; joint terminal attack controller, 25th Expeditionary Air Support Operations Squadron, to US Central Command Air Forces Public Affairs<\/div><\/div>\n\n<p>The same video, recorded in the pod, also became the main tool for judging whether a strike worked. In 1991 Central Command had to be persuaded to accept pod tape as battle damage assessment; today it is routine.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Sniper, LITENING, ATFLIR, Damocles and TALIOS<\/h2>\n<p>LANTIRN came first in its modern form. Martin Marietta\u2019s system split the job in two: an AN\/AAQ-13 navigation pod with terrain-following radar and a fixed infrared camera, and an AN\/AAQ-14 targeting pod with a FLIR, laser designator and rangefinder. The first production pod was delivered on 31 March 1987, and it went on the F-15E and F-16. The Navy dropped the navigation half and put the targeting pod on the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-14-tomcat\/\">F-14 Tomcat<\/a>, first using it in combat in Operation Desert Fox in December 1998.<\/p>\n<p>Sniper is LANTIRN\u2019s descendant. The Air Force picked it in August 2001, and it first deployed overseas on the F-15E in January 2005. It has since been integrated on the F-16, the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/a-10-warthog\/\">A-10<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-1-lancer\/\">B-1<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-52-stratofortress\/\">B-52<\/a>. Lockheed Martin says it has delivered more than 1,650 pods to 28 countries, flying more than five million hours.<\/p>\n<p>LITENING is its great rival. Rafael developed it for the Israeli Air Force, Northrop Grumman joined in 1995, and it has evolved through Litening II, AT and G4 to Litening 5. The thousandth pod was sold in October 2010. In September 2022 Northrop Grumman announced its first flight on a US Navy Super Hornet.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"max-width:550px;margin:0 auto 28px\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/embed\/Tweet.html?id=1567506154628194305&theme=light\" style=\"width:100%;height:400px;border:none;overflow:hidden\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n<p>That flight mattered because the Navy\u2019s own pod, Raytheon\u2019s AN\/ASQ-228 ATFLIR, is the one LITENING was being tested to replace. ATFLIR took over from the older NITE Hawk on the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fa-18-super-hornet\/\">F\/A-18E\/F Super Hornet<\/a>, entering service with VFA-115 in 2003, and around 410 were delivered to the Navy. It usually rides on a fuselage station otherwise used by an AMRAAM.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/atflir-an-asq-228-pod-f-a-18e-super-hornet-vfa-115.jpg\" alt=\"An AN\/ASQ-228 ATFLIR targeting pod mounted on the fuselage of a US Navy F\/A-18E Super Hornet\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">An AN\/ASQ-228 ATFLIR on the fuselage station of a VFA-115 F\/A-18E Super Hornet at Iwakuni, May 2016. The rotating sensor head is at the right-hand end. Photo: Hunini \/ CC BY-SA 4.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<p>France went its own way. Thales built Damocles, which pairs the pod with a NAVFLIR navigation camera in the pylon fairing above it, and by 2015 had taken 120 orders, two-thirds of them for export. Its successor, TALIOS, short for Targeting Long-range Identification Optronic System, was unveiled in July 2014, is the same shape and roughly the same weight so it can directly replace Damocles, and was qualified by the French procurement agency in late 2018 as part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/rafale\/\">Rafale<\/a> F3R standard.<\/p>\n<p>TALIOS\u2019s headline trick is what Thales calls Vision Permanent: it lays the live camera picture over a 3D map of the area, so the crew is never staring down a narrow tube without context. Thales also claims it provides colour imagery to NATO standards.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/thales-damocles-targeting-pod-navflir.jpg\" alt=\"A Thales Damocles targeting pod with its separate NAVFLIR navigation sensor mounted above it, on a display stand\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">Thales Damocles, with its separate NAVFLIR navigation camera on the pylon fairing above the main pod. TALIOS replaced it on the Rafale with the same external shape. Photo: David Monniaux \/ CC BY-SA 3.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hv2gBHVXZds\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin:-10px 0 24px;font-style:italic\">Thales on TALIOS, the multi-function pod that succeeded Damocles on the Rafale.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Where targeting pods go next<\/h2>\n<p>Two trends are reshaping the pod. The first is that it is turning into a sensor in its own right, not just a bomb-aiming device. Pods are now used for intelligence gathering on missions where nothing is dropped, and for air-to-air work: slaved to the radar, a long-range infrared camera can identify another aircraft at night well before it can be seen. Northrop Grumman\u2019s LITENING Large Aperture upgrade adds short, medium and long-wave infrared, a colour TV and a faster processor intended for future machine-learning functions.<\/p>\n<p>The second is that the pod is being networked. Lockheed Martin pitches its newest Sniper variant with pod-to-pod datalinks and links to fifth-generation fighters, so that an <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35<\/a> could find a target and pass precise coordinates to a Sniper-equipped F-16. The F-35 itself carries its targeting system internally, behind a faceted window under the nose, which is the logical end point of the idea: a pod with the drag taken out.<\/p>\n<p>From a TV camera on a Phantom\u2019s wing to a networked, colour, AI-assisted sensor that can talk to a stealth fighter, the goal has not changed since 1968, and it is targeting pods explained in a single sentence. Keep a crosshair on exactly one thing, from far enough away to survive, and make sure the weapon goes there. Everything else is detail. Very expensive detail.<\/p>\n<p><em>Sources: US Air Force fact sheet, Sniper Pod; Lockheed Martin, Sniper Advanced Targeting Pod product page; National Museum of the US Air Force, Ford Aerospace AN\/AVQ-26 Pave Tack; John T. Correll, \u201cThe Emergence of Smart Bombs\u201d, Air &amp; Space Forces Magazine, March 2010; Michael J. Bodner and William W. Bruner III, \u201cTank Plinking\u201d, Air Force Magazine, October 1993; US Central Command Air Forces Public Affairs, \u201cAttack controllers receive 2,000th remote receiver\u201d; 442nd Fighter Wing, \u201cROVER provides pilot\u2019s-eye view to ground forces\u201d; Armada International, TALIOS qualification (November 2018); AIN, Thales TALIOS and Damocles (November 2015); The War Zone, LITENING Large Aperture (February 2024); Northrop Grumman on X (7 September 2022); Wikipedia, Pave Knife, Pave Tack, LANTIRN, LITENING, AN\/ASQ-228 ATFLIR, Sniper Advanced Targeting Pod and Laser designator.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- mfsh:bottom -->\n\n<button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-trigger mfsh-bottom\" data-mfsh-placement=\"bottom\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><svg><use href=\"#mfsh-i-share\"\/><\/svg>Share this story<\/button>\n\n<!-- \/mfsh:bottom -->\n\n<style>.mfq{margin:34px 0 8px}.mfq h2{font:26px\/1.3 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;padding-top:22px;margin:0 0 6px}.mfq .qa details{border-top:1px solid #5C91FF;margin:0;padding:0}.mfq .qa details:last-of-type{border-bottom:1px solid #e2e7ee}.mfq .qa summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;padding:22px 26px;font:18px\/1.7 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117}.mfq .qa summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.mfq .qa summary::after{content:\"+\";font:24px Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#3568e0;flex:0 0 auto}.mfq .qa details[open] summary::after{content:\"\\2013\"}.mfq .qa details:hover summary{color:#3568e0}.mfq .qa .a{font:16px\/1.7 \"Gilroy regular\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#454e5e;padding:0 26px 24px}.mfq .qa .a a{color:#3568e0}@media(max-width:680px){.mfq .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}.mfq .qa .a{padding:0 14px 20px}}<\/style>\n\n\n<section class=\"mfq\"><h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2><div class=\"qa\"><details open><summary>What is a targeting pod on a fighter jet?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">A targeting pod is a streamlined sensor package carried under a combat aircraft. It contains stabilised infrared and TV cameras, a laser rangefinder and designator, a laser spot tracker and a video datalink, letting the crew find, identify and track targets from long range and guide laser or GPS weapons onto them precisely.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How does a targeting pod guide a laser-guided bomb?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">A targeting pod\u2019s laser fires coded pulses at 1,064 nanometres onto the target. The seeker in a laser-guided bomb is set to the same pulse repetition frequency code, detects the reflected energy and steers towards the centre of the spot. The crew must keep the crosshair on the target until impact.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What was the first combat targeting pod?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Pave Knife, a laser designator pod built by Philco-Ford, was the first to see real combat use, replacing earlier experimental designators. Only a dozen were made, with a steerable laser and a TV camera, and they flew on F-4 Phantoms in Vietnam and Navy A-6 Intruders. Pave Tack added infrared night capability in 1982.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is the difference between the Sniper and LITENING targeting pods?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Sniper is Lockheed Martin\u2019s pod, chosen by the US Air Force in August 2001 and descended from LANTIRN. LITENING was developed by Israel\u2019s Rafael and is built with Northrop Grumman. Both carry infrared and TV cameras, lasers and datalinks, and both fly on F-16s, F-15Es, A-10s and B-52s.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is ROVER in close air support?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">ROVER, the Remotely Operated Video Enhanced Receiver, is a rugged laptop and antenna that receives live video from an aircraft\u2019s targeting pod. First fielded in 2004, it lets a joint terminal attack controller on the ground see exactly what the aircrew sees, which speeds up target talk-ons and reduces the risk to friendly forces.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is TALIOS on the Rafale?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">TALIOS, the Targeting Long-range Identification Optronic System, is Thales\u2019 successor to the Damocles pod for the Rafale. It was unveiled in 2014, qualified by the French procurement agency in 2018 for the Rafale F3R standard, and overlays live imagery on a 3D map, a function Thales calls Vision Permanent.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does the F-35 carry a targeting pod?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">No. The F-35 carries its Electro-Optical Targeting System internally, behind a faceted window under the nose, so it adds no drag and does not spoil the aircraft\u2019s stealth. It performs the same jobs as an external targeting pod: infrared and TV imaging, laser ranging and designation, and target tracking.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is a targeting pod on a fighter jet?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A targeting pod is a streamlined sensor package carried under a combat aircraft. It contains stabilised infrared and TV cameras, a laser rangefinder and designator, a laser spot tracker and a video datalink, letting the crew find, identify and track targets from long range and guide laser or GPS weapons onto them precisely.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How does a targeting pod guide a laser-guided bomb?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A targeting pod\u2019s laser fires coded pulses at 1,064 nanometres onto the target. 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It performs the same jobs as an external targeting pod: infrared and TV imaging, laser ranging and designation, and target tracking.\"}}]}<\/script><div style=\"background:#f0f4ff;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:16px 20px;margin:32px 0 8px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600;color:#333\">Related Posts<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/el-dorado-canyon-1986-libya-raid-f-111\/\">El Dorado Canyon: The 18-Hour Raid on Tripoli<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/desert-storm-opening-night-f117-apache-air-campaign-1991\/\">The Night That Rewrote Air Warfare: Desert Storm\u2019s Opening 14 Hours<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/how-heat-seeking-missile-infrared-seeker-works\/\">How a Heat-Seeking Missile Works, and Why Flares Stopped Saving You<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/apkws-laser-guided-rocket-saudi-arabia-counter-drone-2026\/\">The $20,000 Rocket That Kills Drones<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A grey cylinder under the intake turns a fighter into a precision bomber. How targeting pods see, stabilise, measure and mark, and how they got here from Vietnam.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":27397066,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[665,664],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27397077","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aviation-world","category-military-aviation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Targeting Pods Explained: Sniper and LITENING | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Targeting pods explained: how Sniper, LITENING, ATFLIR and TALIOS use infrared, TV and lasers to find, track and mark targets, from Pave Tack to today.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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