{"id":28239335,"date":"2026-10-16T10:50:18","date_gmt":"2026-10-16T08:50:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/neptune-missile-r-360-explained-ukraine-long-neptune\/"},"modified":"2026-10-16T10:50:36","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T08:50:36","slug":"neptune-missile-r-360-explained-ukraine-long-neptune","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/neptune-missile-r-360-explained-ukraine-long-neptune\/","title":{"rendered":"Neptune Missile Explained: Ukraine&rsquo;s Ship-Killer Turned Deep-Strike Weapon"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- mfsh:top -->\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n.mfsh-trigger{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;height:44px;padding:0 18px;margin:0 0 26px;border:2px solid 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The cruiser Moskva caught fire, its ammunition exploded, and the ship sank. The weapon Ukraine credited was a missile almost nobody outside the region had heard of: the R-360 Neptune.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Four years later, Neptune has become one of Ukraine&rsquo;s most important long-range weapons. It hits ships, oil depots, radars and, as the strike on Borisoglebsk air base showed this week, parked Russian bombers. Here is how a coastal anti-ship missile became a deep-strike weapon.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f4f6f9;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:18px 22px;margin:22px 0 28px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.7\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:700;color:#0d1117\">Quick Facts<\/p><ul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:18px\"><li><strong>Name:<\/strong> R-360 Neptune; the coastal system is the RK-360MC<\/li><li><strong>Developer:<\/strong> Luch Design Bureau, Kyiv<\/li><li><strong>Based on:<\/strong> The Soviet Kh-35 anti-ship missile<\/li><li><strong>First tests:<\/strong> March 2016<\/li><li><strong>In service:<\/strong> First missile battalion with the Ukrainian Navy, March 2021<\/li><li><strong>Anti-ship version:<\/strong> 870 kg, 150 kg warhead, subsonic, range over 280 km<\/li><li><strong>Long Neptune:<\/strong> Land-attack version with a 260 kg warhead and a claimed range of up to 1,000 km, first used in 2025<\/li><li><strong>Launcher:<\/strong> USPU-360 truck with four missiles<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">A Soviet Design, Rebuilt in Kyiv<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Neptune was developed by the Luch Design Bureau in Kyiv, starting from the Soviet Kh-35 anti-ship missile. Luch improved its range, targeting and electronics. The missile was first shown at the Arms and Security exhibition in Kyiv in 2015, first tested in March 2016, and in August 2018 it hit a sea target 100 km away during a test in the Odesa region.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The anti-ship version weighs about 870 kg and carries a 150 kg warhead. A solid-fuel booster pushes it off the launcher, then a Motor Sich MS400 turbofan takes over for a subsonic cruise, low over the water. Its range is usually given as more than 280 km. The coastal system mounts four missiles on a USPU-360 truck, supported by reload, command and cargo vehicles, and is designed to operate up to 25 km inland.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/neptune-r-360-missile-side-view-kyiv-2021.jpg\" alt=\"Neptune R-360 missile side view\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">A Neptune R-360 missile on display in Kyiv in 2021. Photo: VoidWanderer \/ CC BY-SA 4.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first training missile battalion entered service with the Ukrainian Navy in March 2021, less than a year before Russia&rsquo;s full-scale invasion.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0 6px\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3RfKkn4qXuU\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin:0 0 24px;font-style:italic\">An animated explanation of how the Neptune missile works and how it was used against the Moskva.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The Moskva<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On 13 April 2022, according to Ukrainian sources, two Neptunes struck the cruiser Moskva in the Black Sea, starting a fire and an ammunition explosion. Russia&rsquo;s Defence Ministry said only that a fire had set off munitions and that the crew had been evacuated. Russian state media later reported that the ship sank in stormy weather while under tow.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/russian-cruiser-moskva-project-1164-2009.jpg\" alt=\"Russian cruiser Moskva\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">The cruiser Moskva, flagship of Russia&rsquo;s Black Sea Fleet, photographed in 2009. Photo: George Chernilevsky \/ public domain<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Whatever the exact sequence, losing a flagship to a relatively small, subsonic missile was a stark lesson for navies everywhere. It also made Neptune famous. Ukrainian sources later credited Neptune with strikes on the frigate Admiral Essen and the landing ship Konstantin Olshansky.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0 6px\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9kS_DreIczI\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin:0 0 24px;font-style:italic\">ThePrint explains the Neptune missile after Ukraine&rsquo;s claim against the Moskva.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Long Neptune: From Ships to Refineries<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From 2023, Ukraine fielded a land-attack variant. In August 2023 a modified Neptune reportedly destroyed an S-400 radar in Crimea, and over the following years Neptunes were reported hitting an oil depot at Port Kavkaz, an airbase in Kursk and power infrastructure inside Russia.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The biggest change came with the Long Neptune. Its fuselage was widened from 38 cm to about 50 cm, its warhead grew to 260 kg, and Ukraine claims a range of up to 1,000 km. Russian forces call it the Neptune-MD. President Zelensky announced its first combat use on 15 March 2025:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #1565c0;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>&ldquo;A new Ukrainian missile, a precise strike. The distance - one thousand kilometers.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Volodymyr Zelensky<\/strong> &mdash; President of Ukraine, 15 March 2025 (as reported by Euromaidan Press)<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Neptune Against Airfields<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Parked aircraft are an ideal Neptune target: large, fragile and often lined up in the open. On the night of 14&ndash;15 October 2026, the Ukrainian Navy said it used Neptune to hit six Su-34M bombers at Borisoglebsk air base in Russia&rsquo;s Voronezh region. Satellite images published by the monitoring channel AviVector appear to show four destroyed and two badly damaged.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #d32f2f;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>&ldquo;As a result of the strike, six Su-34M bombers were destroyed. Technical equipment supporting aviation operations was also destroyed.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Ukrainian Navy<\/strong> &mdash; statement on the Borisoglebsk strike, 15 October 2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Neptune&rsquo;s future may be international. Romania and Ukraine announced plans in August 2024 to produce and improve the missile together, Indonesia signed a memorandum on a possible purchase, and in June 2026 Luch and MBDA signed a memorandum to develop a Neptune 2. A missile designed to guard Ukraine&rsquo;s coast has become one of the most talked-about cruise missiles in Europe.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0 6px\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/e8OEsEzkbss\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin:0 0 24px;font-style:italic\">How the Neptune missiles are believed to have sunk the cruiser Moskva, by Engineering X.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Sources: Wikipedia (R-360 Neptune); Militarnyi; Euromaidan Press; Ukrainian Navy; Defence Blog<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<!-- mfsh:bottom -->\r\n\r\n<button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-trigger mfsh-bottom\" data-mfsh-placement=\"bottom\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><svg><use href=\"#mfsh-i-share\"\/><\/svg>Share this story<\/button>\r\n\r\n<!-- \/mfsh:bottom -->\r\n\r\n\r\n<style>.mfq{margin:34px 0 8px}.mfq h2{font:26px\/1.3 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;padding-top:22px;margin:0 0 6px}.mfq .qa details{border-top:1px solid #5C91FF;margin:0;padding:0}.mfq .qa details:last-of-type{border-bottom:1px solid #e2e7ee}.mfq .qa summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;padding:22px 26px;font:18px\/1.7 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117}.mfq .qa summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.mfq .qa summary::after{content:\"+\";font:24px Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#3568e0;flex:0 0 auto}.mfq .qa details[open] summary::after{content:\"\\2013\"}.mfq .qa details:hover summary{color:#3568e0}.mfq .qa .a{font:16px\/1.7 \"Gilroy regular\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#454e5e;padding:0 26px 24px}.mfq .qa .a a{color:#3568e0}@media(max-width:680px){.mfq .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}.mfq .qa .a{padding:0 14px 20px}}<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n<section class=\"mfq\"><h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2><div class=\"qa\"><details open><summary>What is the Neptune missile?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The R-360 Neptune is a Ukrainian subsonic cruise missile developed by the Luch Design Bureau in Kyiv from the Soviet Kh-35. It was designed as a coastal anti-ship missile and entered service with the Ukrainian Navy in March 2021. Land-attack versions have since been used against targets inside Russia.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is the range of the Neptune missile?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The original anti-ship Neptune has a range usually given as more than 280 km. The Long Neptune land-attack version, with a wider fuselage and a 260 kg warhead, has a claimed range of up to 1,000 km, according to Ukraine.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Did a Neptune missile sink the Moskva?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">According to Ukrainian sources, two Neptune missiles hit the Russian cruiser Moskva on 13 April 2022, causing a fire and an ammunition explosion. Russia said a fire set off munitions and that the ship later sank in stormy weather while being towed, without confirming the cause.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is the Long Neptune?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The Long Neptune is a land-attack version of the R-360 Neptune with a fuselage widened from 38 cm to about 50 cm, a 260 kg warhead and a claimed range of up to 1,000 km. President Zelensky announced its first combat use on 15 March 2025. Russian forces call it the Neptune-MD.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What did Neptune hit at Borisoglebsk?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">On the night of 14&ndash;15 October 2026, the Ukrainian Navy said Neptune missiles hit six Su-34M bombers at Borisoglebsk air base in Russia&rsquo;s Voronezh region. Satellite images published by AviVector appear to show four destroyed and two badly damaged.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Who else is interested in the Neptune missile?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Romania and Ukraine announced plans in August 2024 to jointly produce and improve the Neptune, Indonesia signed a memorandum on a possible purchase, and in June 2026 Luch and MBDA signed a memorandum to develop a Neptune 2.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the Neptune missile?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The R-360 Neptune is a Ukrainian subsonic cruise missile developed by the Luch Design Bureau in Kyiv from the Soviet Kh-35. It was designed as a coastal anti-ship missile and entered service with the Ukrainian Navy in March 2021. Land-attack versions have since been used against targets inside Russia.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the range of the Neptune missile?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The original anti-ship Neptune has a range usually given as more than 280 km. The Long Neptune land-attack version, with a wider fuselage and a 260 kg warhead, has a claimed range of up to 1,000 km, according to Ukraine.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Did a Neptune missile sink the Moskva?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"According to Ukrainian sources, two Neptune missiles hit the Russian cruiser Moskva on 13 April 2022, causing a fire and an ammunition explosion. Russia said a fire set off munitions and that the ship later sank in stormy weather while being towed, without confirming the cause.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the Long Neptune?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Long Neptune is a land-attack version of the R-360 Neptune with a fuselage widened from 38 cm to about 50 cm, a 260 kg warhead and a claimed range of up to 1,000 km. President Zelensky announced its first combat use on 15 March 2025. Russian forces call it the Neptune-MD.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What did Neptune hit at Borisoglebsk?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"On the night of 14\u201315 October 2026, the Ukrainian Navy said Neptune missiles hit six Su-34M bombers at Borisoglebsk air base in Russia\u2019s Voronezh region. 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Now the Long Neptune hits refineries and airbases 1,000 km away. How Ukraine&rsquo;s cruise missile works.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":28238986,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[664],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28239335","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-military-aviation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Neptune Missile Explained: Ukraine\u2019s Cruise Missile | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The R-360 Neptune missile was built to sink ships. Now the Long Neptune hits refineries and air bases 1,000 km away. 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