{"id":30823323,"date":"2026-11-02T10:14:35","date_gmt":"2026-11-02T09:14:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/air-launched-ballistic-missile-albm-explained-kinzhal-skybolt\/"},"modified":"2026-11-02T10:14:54","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T09:14:54","slug":"air-launched-ballistic-missile-albm-explained-kinzhal-skybolt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/air-launched-ballistic-missile-albm-explained-kinzhal-skybolt\/","title":{"rendered":"Air-Launched Ballistic Missile: How a Jet Gives a Rocket a Head Start"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\r\n<!-- mfsh:top -->\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n.mfsh-trigger{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;height:44px;padding:0 18px;margin:0 0 26px;border:2px solid 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The 86,000-pound Minuteman I dropped from 20,000 feet to about 8,000 feet. Then its first-stage motor lit, and a ten-second burn carried it back up to 20,000 feet before it fell into the ocean.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-states-air-force\/\">United States Air Force<\/a> never deployed the idea, but the test proved a point weapon designers keep returning to. A ballistic missile does not have to start life in a silo or on a truck. Hang it under an aircraft and the launch pad moves, at altitude and speed, to wherever it is needed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>That is the air-launched ballistic missile, or ALBM. The Cold War Americans and British tried it, Russia revived it with the Kh-47M2 Kinzhal, and it now rides under Chinese bombers and Israeli fighters. Here is how it works, and why the label &ldquo;hypersonic&rdquo; needs a footnote.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f4f6f9;border:1px solid #e2e7ee;padding:18px 22px;margin:22px 0 26px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:700;color:#0d1117\">Quick Facts<\/p><ul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:18px\"><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>What it is:<\/strong> A ballistic missile carried aloft and launched by an aircraft<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Flight profile:<\/strong> Drop, motor ignition, boost, ballistic or quasi-ballistic coast, terminal dive (sometimes manoeuvring)<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Why air-launch:<\/strong> Altitude and speed head start, the aircraft&rsquo;s own range, an unpredictable launch point<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Cold War:<\/strong> GAM-87 Skybolt for the B-52H and Vulcan B.2, cancelled December 1962; C-5A Minuteman drop test, 24 October 1974<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Russia:<\/strong> Kh-47M2 Kinzhal on the MiG-31K, unveiled 1 March 2018<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>China:<\/strong> CH-AS-X-13 (shown as the JL-1 in 2025) for the H-6N bomber<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Israel:<\/strong> Rampage on the F-16I; Air LORA unveiled in 2024<\/li><li style=\"margin:4px 0\"><strong>Not an ALBM:<\/strong> AGM-183 ARRW, a boost-glide weapon<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Why launch a ballistic missile from a jet?<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>A ballistic missile is powered only briefly. Its rocket burns for seconds or minutes, then the warhead coasts the rest of the way on an arc shaped mostly by gravity, like a thrown stone. Every bit of energy the missile does not have to spend at the start is energy it can spend on distance.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>An aircraft hands it some of that energy for free. At jet cruising altitude the air is only about a third as dense as at sea level, so the missile skips the draggiest part of its climb and starts with the carrier&rsquo;s speed instead of from a standstill.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The bigger gain is geography, and headline ranges often add the aircraft&rsquo;s own combat radius to the missile&rsquo;s reach. Russian media figures of 2,000 km for a Kinzhal carried by a <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-31-foxhound\/\">MiG-31K<\/a>, and 3,000 km for one carried by a <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22m-backfire\/\">Tu-22M3<\/a>, are arrived at exactly that way.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/11\/mig-31k-kh-47m2-kinzhal-army-2022.jpg\" alt=\"A Kh-47M2 Kinzhal missile training mock-up mounted under the fuselage of a Russian MiG-31K, blue 36, at the Army-2022 forum\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">A training mock-up of the Kh-47M2 Kinzhal under the belly of MiG-31K &ldquo;blue 36&rdquo; at the Army-2022 forum, Kubinka. The interceptor carries a single missile on the centreline. Photo: Boevaya mashina \/ Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Then there is surprise. A silo has a fixed address; an aircraft can approach from any direction, which the CSIS Missile Defense Project notes could strain radars that watch only a fixed sector of sky, such as Patriot&rsquo;s. In the 1950s the US Air Force also liked that a bomber could be retargeted by radio right up to launch.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The flight profile, step by step<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The Douglas GAM-87 Skybolt, the most ambitious ALBM of the Cold War, shows the sequence clearly. A <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-52-stratofortress\/\">B-52H<\/a> was to carry four of them and an <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/avro-vulcan\/\">Avro Vulcan<\/a> B.2 two, on underwing pylons. On the pylon, each missile wore a tail cone to cut drag.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Release.<\/strong> The missile was dropped from the pylon, the tail cone was ejected and the first stage of its two-stage solid-fuel rocket ignited. Dropping first and lighting second keeps the rocket blast clear of the aircraft: ALBMs fall before they fly.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Boost and coast.<\/strong> After first-stage burnout, Skybolt coasted for a while before its second stage fired. Movable tail fins steered the first stage, a gimballed nozzle the second. A star tracker kept correcting the inertial guidance, because over a planned range of about 1,850 km (1,150 miles) even small errors at burnout grow into big misses at the target.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/11\/gam-87-skybolt-raf-museum-cosford.jpg\" alt=\"A white Douglas XGAM-87 Skybolt air-launched ballistic missile with RAF roundel on a yellow trolley at the Royal Air Force Museum Cosford\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">A Douglas XGAM-87 Skybolt at the Royal Air Force Museum, Cosford. On the bomber&rsquo;s pylon the two-stage missile wore a drag-reducing tail cone that was ejected after release. Photo: Hugh Llewelyn \/ Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Terminal dive.<\/strong> Last comes the plunge back through the atmosphere. A purely ballistic warhead is predictable here, which is what missile defences exploit. Newer designs answer with manoeuvring re-entry vehicles, or with a quasi-ballistic path: a shallower, largely ballistic trajectory on which the missile stays guided and can manoeuvre in the atmosphere.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Skybolt never reached service. The first five powered tests in 1962 failed, and the first full success came on 19 December 1962, the month the programme was cancelled. Afterburner told the political fallout in <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/skybolt-blue-streak-nassau-1962-british-deterrent\/\">Skybolt and Blue Streak: How the RAF Lost Britain&rsquo;s Bomb<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0 8px\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Db1ulXs-Wn8\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;font-style:italic;margin:0 0 24px\">British Movietone footage of the Skybolt missile on its carrier aircraft and being fired (no sound).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Cold War experiments, from bombers to cargo jets<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Skybolt had ancestors. Under the WS-199 programme, Martin&rsquo;s Bold Orion was fired from <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-47-stratojet\/\">B-47 Stratojet<\/a> bombers in 1958 and 1959. Its final test passed within about 6.4 km (4 miles) of the satellite Explorer VI, proof of how high an aircraft-launched rocket could reach.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The idea revived in the 1970s, when more accurate ICBMs raised fears for missiles in silos, and led to the C-5A Minuteman drop. It worked, but deployment was ruled out over engineering and security difficulties, and the capability became a bargaining point in the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0 8px\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8b8LLcdBaQc\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;font-style:italic;margin:0 0 24px\">The US Air Force film of the 1974 air-mobile feasibility tests, in which a C-5A dropped a Minuteman ICBM that then ignited in mid-air. Via PeriscopeFilm.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Kinzhal: what Russia claims and what analysts assess<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Russia brought the ALBM back in a tactical form. President Vladimir Putin unveiled the Kh-47M2 Kinzhal (&ldquo;dagger&rdquo;, NATO name AS-24 Killjoy) on 1 March 2018 as one of six new strategic weapons; Russia says it entered service in December 2017. Its main carrier is the MiG-31K, a version of the MiG-31 Foxhound interceptor of the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/russian-aerospace-forces\/\">Russian Aerospace Forces<\/a>. Tu-22M3 bombers can also carry it, and reportedly the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-34-fullback\/\">Su-34<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>As claimed by Russia:<\/strong> Mach 10, up to 2,000 km from a MiG-31K, a nuclear or conventional warhead, and the ability to hit ships. After a March 2018 test launch from a MiG-31, its Ministry of Defence said the missile had hit its preset target.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0 8px\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uqfIZxu2urM\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;font-style:italic;margin:0 0 24px\">Russian Ministry of Defence footage, released in March 2018, of a MiG-31 crew carrying out a Kinzhal practice launch.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>As assessed by Western analysts:<\/strong> CSIS judges the Kinzhal is likely derived from the ground-launched 9K720 Iskander-M short-range ballistic missile, with a reported payload of 480 kg and, according to one report, a launch weight of about 4,300 kg. After launch it rapidly accelerates to about Mach 4 and may reach up to Mach 10. Because the 2,000 km figure includes the jet&rsquo;s radius, the missile itself is generally placed in the same few-hundred-kilometre class as the Iskander it comes from.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The UK Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology has described Kinzhal as flying a quasi-ballistic trajectory and capable of limited manoeuvres. That is the heart of the &ldquo;hypersonic&rdquo; debate: Kinzhal exceeds Mach 5, but so does almost every ballistic missile. Planners usually reserve the term for boost-glide vehicles and scramjet cruise missiles that manoeuvre above Mach 5 for much of their flight, as explained in <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/hypersonic-weapons-explained-boost-glide-scramjet-ballistic\/\">Hypersonic Weapons Explained: Boost-Glide, Scramjet and Ballistic<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #1565c0;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><div><em>&ldquo;It is worth noting that Russia\u2019s designation of the Kinzhal as a \u201chypersonic\u201d missile is somewhat misleading, as nearly all ballistic missiles reach hypersonic speeds (i.e. above Mach 5) at some point during their flight.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>CSIS Missile Defense Project<\/strong> &mdash; Missile Threat entry on the Kh-47M2 Kinzhal<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Russia&rsquo;s Ministry of Defence said it first used Kinzhal in combat in March 2022, against a depot at Deliatyn in western Ukraine, and US officials told CNN they had tracked the launches in real time. How it has fared against Ukraine&rsquo;s air defences since is disputed by the two sides, and this explainer takes no position on those claims.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"max-width:550px;margin:0 auto 28px\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/embed\/Tweet.html?id=1505200842785316866&theme=light\" style=\"width:100%;height:360px;border:none;overflow:hidden\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">China&rsquo;s bomber-borne ballistic missile<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>In 2018, the director of the US Defense Intelligence Agency, Lieutenant General Robert Ashley, said China was developing two new air-launched ballistic missiles, one of them able to carry a nuclear warhead. One of them, designated CH-AS-X-13 by the US Department of Defense, is believed to be derived from the DF-21 two-stage ballistic missile.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Its carrier is the H-6N, a heavily modified <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/xian-h-6\/\">Xian H-6<\/a> of the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/peoples-liberation-army-air-force\/\">People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force<\/a>. Instead of a bomb bay it has a reshaped belly that carries one large missile semi-recessed on the centreline, plus an aerial refuelling probe above the nose to stretch its range.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/11\/plaaf-h-6n-bomber-jasdf-2024.jpg\" alt=\"A grey Chinese PLAAF Xian H-6N bomber with a nose refuelling probe flying above clouds\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">A PLAAF H-6N, serial 55334, photographed by the Japan Air Self-Defense Force on 29 November 2024. The refuelling probe above the nose and the reshaped belly mark the missile-carrier variant. Photo: Japan Ministry of Defense \/ JASDF, CC BY 4.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>At the Victory Day parade in Beijing on 3 September 2025, China showed the JL-1 (Jinglei-1, &ldquo;thunderclap&rdquo;), which its commentator called an &ldquo;air-based long-range missile.&rdquo; The Federation of American Scientists judges it is likely the CH-AS-X-13. The War Zone noted its resemblance to the DF-21D, with a manoeuvrable re-entry vehicle on top; a range of about 8,000 km reportedly given by state media is far beyond what is assessed for the DF-21 family. In August 2026 Afterburner covered state TV footage of <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/h-6n-jl-1-jinglei-albm-j-20-escort-zhisheng-2026\/\">an H-6N carrying the missile under J-20 escort<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Israel: where artillery rockets meet ballistic missiles<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Israel&rsquo;s air-launched ballistic weapons are smaller and tactical. The best known, Rampage, was developed by Israel Military Industries and Israel Aerospace Industries from the EXTRA guided artillery rocket and unveiled in 2018. The <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/israeli-air-force\/\">Israeli Air Force<\/a> carries it on the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16I<\/a>, and India has bought it for Su-30MKI, MiG-29 and Jaguar fighters.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #1565c0;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><div><em>&ldquo;It\u2019s worth noting here that IAI does not explicitly define Rampage as an air-launched ballistic missile. However, the line between large-caliber guided artillery rockets like the one Rampage is derived from, which do follow ballistic trajectories to their targets, and what are more traditionally considered short-range ballistic missiles (SRBM) is increasingly blurry.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>The War Zone<\/strong> &mdash; On the Israeli Air Force&rsquo;s Rampage-armed F-16I, October 2024<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Israel also has Rafael&rsquo;s Rocks and IAI&rsquo;s Air LORA, an air-launched version of the LORA tactical ballistic missile unveiled in 2024. The War Zone reported that debris found in Iraq after Israel&rsquo;s April 2024 strike on Iran pointed to ALBMs fired from well outside Iranian airspace. For an air force with few tankers, that stand-off is the point.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">What an ALBM is not: the ARRW<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Lockheed Martin&rsquo;s AGM-183 ARRW also hangs under a B-52 and is rocket-boosted past Mach 5, but it is a boost-glide weapon. After burnout, its glide vehicle uses aerodynamic lift to glide and manoeuvre towards the target instead of coasting on a ballistic arc. Afterburner covered its move toward production in <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/arrw-hypersonic-missile-production-contract-lockheed-martin-2026\/\">ARRW Hypersonic Missile Enters Production in $694M Air Force Deal<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The difference matters: a ballistic arc can be predicted once tracked, a glide path can be bent. Cruise missiles, which fly on wings and engines all the way, are a third family again, with navigation of their own, explained in <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/tercom-dsmac-cruise-missile-navigation-gps-denied\/\">TERCOM and DSMAC<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The air-launched ballistic missile is an old trick that keeps coming back because the physics never changed. Lift a rocket high, give it a running start, and launch it from somewhere the enemy did not expect. Skybolt failed and the Minuteman drop was shelved, but today Russia, China and Israel all fly versions of the idea.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><em>Sources: Wikipedia (Air-launched ballistic missile; GAM-87 Skybolt; Kh-47M2 Kinzhal; Xian H-6; JL-1 (air-launched ballistic missile); Rampage (missile); AGM-183 ARRW; Ballistic missile), CSIS Missile Threat, Federation of American Scientists, The War Zone, Designation-Systems.net, CNN<\/em><\/p>\r\n<!-- mfsh:bottom -->\r\n\r\n<button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-trigger mfsh-bottom\" data-mfsh-placement=\"bottom\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><svg><use href=\"#mfsh-i-share\"\/><\/svg>Share this story<\/button>\r\n\r\n<!-- \/mfsh:bottom -->\r\n\r\n\r\n<style>.mfq{margin:34px 0 8px}.mfq h2{font:26px\/1.3 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;padding-top:22px;margin:0 0 6px}.mfq .qa details{border-top:1px solid #5C91FF;margin:0;padding:0}.mfq .qa details:last-of-type{border-bottom:1px solid #e2e7ee}.mfq .qa summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;padding:22px 26px;font:18px\/1.7 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117}.mfq .qa summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.mfq .qa summary::after{content:\"+\";font:24px Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#3568e0;flex:0 0 auto}.mfq .qa details[open] summary::after{content:\"\\2013\"}.mfq .qa details:hover summary{color:#3568e0}.mfq .qa .a{font:16px\/1.7 \"Gilroy regular\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#454e5e;padding:0 26px 24px}.mfq .qa .a a{color:#3568e0}@media(max-width:680px){.mfq .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}.mfq .qa .a{padding:0 14px 20px}}<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n<section class=\"mfq\"><h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2><div class=\"qa\"><details open><summary>What is an air-launched ballistic missile?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">An air-launched ballistic missile (ALBM) is a ballistic missile carried aloft and fired by an aircraft. It is dropped, its rocket motor ignites, and after burnout the warhead follows a largely ballistic arc to the target. Launching at altitude and speed gives the missile a head start, and the aircraft can launch from an unpredictable place.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why launch a ballistic missile from an aircraft?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">An aircraft gives a ballistic missile three advantages. It starts in thinner air with the carrier&rsquo;s forward speed, the aircraft can fly hundreds of kilometres before launch, and the launch point is hard to predict, which can strain defensive radars that watch a fixed sector. The trade-offs are missile size limits and an exposed launch aircraft.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is the Kinzhal really a hypersonic missile?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The Kh-47M2 Kinzhal exceeds Mach 5, so it is hypersonic in the literal sense, and Russia claims Mach 10. But almost every ballistic missile reaches hypersonic speed. Analysts such as CSIS describe Kinzhal as an air-launched ballistic missile, likely derived from Iskander-M, flying a quasi-ballistic path with limited manoeuvres rather than a boost-glide or scramjet weapon.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What was the GAM-87 Skybolt?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The Douglas GAM-87 Skybolt was an American air-launched ballistic missile for the B-52H and Britain&rsquo;s Vulcan B.2. It used a two-stage solid-fuel rocket and stellar-inertial guidance, with a planned range of about 1,850 km. After failed tests and with Polaris available, it was cancelled in December 1962, triggering the Skybolt crisis.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which aircraft carries China's air-launched ballistic missile?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">China&rsquo;s air-launched ballistic missile, designated CH-AS-X-13 by the US Department of Defense, is carried by the Xian H-6N bomber. The H-6N has a reshaped belly that holds one large missile on the centreline and an aerial refuelling probe. China showed the JL-1 air-launched missile, likely the same weapon, at its September 2025 parade.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is the Israeli Rampage an air-launched ballistic missile?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Rampage is a supersonic air-to-surface missile developed from the EXTRA guided artillery rocket and carried by Israeli F-16Is. Its maker IAI does not explicitly call it a ballistic missile, but it follows a ballistic-style trajectory, and analysts often group it with Israel&rsquo;s other aeroballistic weapons such as Air LORA and Rocks.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is the AGM-183 ARRW an air-launched ballistic missile?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">No. The AGM-183 ARRW is launched from a B-52 and boosted past Mach 5 by a rocket, but it is a boost-glide weapon. After burnout, its glide vehicle uses aerodynamic lift to glide and manoeuvre toward the target instead of coasting on a predictable ballistic arc like an air-launched ballistic missile.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is an air-launched ballistic missile?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"An air-launched ballistic missile (ALBM) is a ballistic missile carried aloft and fired by an aircraft. It is dropped, its rocket motor ignites, and after burnout the warhead follows a largely ballistic arc to the target. Launching at altitude and speed gives the missile a head start, and the aircraft can launch from an unpredictable place.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why launch a ballistic missile from an aircraft?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"An aircraft gives a ballistic missile three advantages. It starts in thinner air with the carrier\u2019s forward speed, the aircraft can fly hundreds of kilometres before launch, and the launch point is hard to predict, which can strain defensive radars that watch a fixed sector. The trade-offs are missile size limits and an exposed launch aircraft.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Is the Kinzhal really a hypersonic missile?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Kh-47M2 Kinzhal exceeds Mach 5, so it is hypersonic in the literal sense, and Russia claims Mach 10. But almost every ballistic missile reaches hypersonic speed. Analysts such as CSIS describe Kinzhal as an air-launched ballistic missile, likely derived from Iskander-M, flying a quasi-ballistic path with limited manoeuvres rather than a boost-glide or scramjet weapon.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What was the GAM-87 Skybolt?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Douglas GAM-87 Skybolt was an American air-launched ballistic missile for the B-52H and Britain\u2019s Vulcan B.2. It used a two-stage solid-fuel rocket and stellar-inertial guidance, with a planned range of about 1,850 km. After failed tests and with Polaris available, it was cancelled in December 1962, triggering the Skybolt crisis.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Which aircraft carries China's air-launched ballistic missile?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"China\u2019s air-launched ballistic missile, designated CH-AS-X-13 by the US Department of Defense, is carried by the Xian H-6N bomber. The H-6N has a reshaped belly that holds one large missile on the centreline and an aerial refuelling probe. China showed the JL-1 air-launched missile, likely the same weapon, at its September 2025 parade.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Is the Israeli Rampage an air-launched ballistic missile?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Rampage is a supersonic air-to-surface missile developed from the EXTRA guided artillery rocket and carried by Israeli F-16Is. Its maker IAI does not explicitly call it a ballistic missile, but it follows a ballistic-style trajectory, and analysts often group it with Israel\u2019s other aeroballistic weapons such as Air LORA and Rocks.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Is the AGM-183 ARRW an air-launched ballistic missile?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"No. The AGM-183 ARRW is launched from a B-52 and boosted past Mach 5 by a rocket, but it is a boost-glide weapon. After burnout, its glide vehicle uses aerodynamic lift to glide and manoeuvre toward the target instead of coasting on a predictable ballistic arc like an air-launched ballistic missile.\"}}]}<\/script><div style=\"background:#f0f4ff;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:16px 20px;margin:32px 0 8px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600;color:#333\">Related Posts<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/hypersonic-weapons-explained-boost-glide-scramjet-ballistic\/\">Hypersonic Weapons Explained: Boost-Glide, Scramjet and Ballistic<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/skybolt-blue-streak-nassau-1962-british-deterrent\/\">Skybolt and Blue Streak: How the RAF Lost Britain's Bomb<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/h-6n-jl-1-jinglei-albm-j-20-escort-zhisheng-2026\/\">Two J-20s Escort a Very Big Missile<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/mig-31-foxhound-fastest-interceptor-migflug-edge-of-space\/\">The Interceptor That Flies to the Edge of Space<\/a><\/p><\/div>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How an air-launched ballistic missile works: drop, ignition, ballistic arc and terminal dive, from Skybolt and the C-5 Minuteman drop to Kinzhal, China&rsquo;s H-6N missile and Israel&rsquo;s Rampage.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":30823140,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[665,664],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30823323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aviation-world","category-military-aviation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Air-Launched Ballistic Missile: How 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