{"id":8413809,"date":"2026-08-01T09:41:43","date_gmt":"2026-08-01T07:41:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/yakovlev-yak-38-forger-soviet-vtol\/"},"modified":"2026-09-04T09:10:48","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T07:10:48","slug":"yakovlev-yak-38-forger-soviet-vtol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/yakovlev-yak-38-forger-soviet-vtol\/","title":{"rendered":"Il jet sovietico a decollo verticale che riusciva a malapena a saltare"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\n<!-- mfsh:top -->\n\n<style>\n.mfsh-trigger{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;height:44px;padding:0 18px;margin:0 0 26px;border:2px solid #0F1720;background:#fff;color:#0F1720;font-family:inherit;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;cursor:pointer;box-shadow:none;transition:background .15s,color 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In practice it was one of the most compromised combat aircraft of the Cold War.<\/p><p>The Soviet Navy needed a fixed-wing aircraft for its new Kiev-class ships, which had angled decks but no catapults or arrester gear. The Yak-38 filled that gap &mdash; and flew almost nowhere else.<\/p><p>The trouble was baked into the airframe. Instead of the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/harrier-jump-jet\/\">Harrier<\/a>&rsquo;s elegant single-engine solution, Yakovlev used three engines, leaving the Forger short of fuel, short of payload, and desperately sensitive to heat.<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"background:#f5f5f5;padding:20px 24px;margin:24px 0;border-radius:8px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;font-weight:700;font-size:18px;color:#222\">Quick Facts<\/p><table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:15px\"><tr><td style=\"padding:6px 12px 6px 0;font-weight:600;color:#333;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\">Type<\/td><td style=\"padding:6px 0;color:#444\">VTOL carrier fighter &mdash; the Soviet Navy&rsquo;s only operational fixed-wing jet<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:6px 12px 6px 0;font-weight:600;color:#333;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\">NATO name<\/td><td style=\"padding:6px 0;color:#444\">Forger<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:6px 12px 6px 0;font-weight:600;color:#333;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\">Engines<\/td><td style=\"padding:6px 0;color:#444\">Three: one vectoring cruise\/lift engine plus two dedicated lift jets behind the cockpit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:6px 12px 6px 0;font-weight:600;color:#333;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\">Ships<\/td><td style=\"padding:6px 0;color:#444\">Kiev-class &ldquo;aviation cruisers&rdquo; (no catapults)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:6px 12px 6px 0;font-weight:600;color:#333;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\">First flight<\/td><td style=\"padding:6px 0;color:#444\">1971; in service 1976&ndash;1991<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:6px 12px 6px 0;font-weight:600;color:#333;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\">Signature feature<\/td><td style=\"padding:6px 0;color:#444\">An automatic ejection seat that fired itself in a bad transition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:6px 12px 6px 0;font-weight:600;color:#333;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\">Built<\/td><td style=\"padding:6px 0;color:#444\">About 230<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:6px 12px 6px 0;font-weight:600;color:#333;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap\">Weaknesses<\/td><td style=\"padding:6px 0;color:#444\">Very short range, small payload, poor performance in heat<\/td><\/tr><\/table><\/div>\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Why the USSR Wanted a Jump Jet<\/h2><p>The Kiev-class ships were classified as &ldquo;heavy aviation cruisers,&rdquo; not carriers, and they lacked catapults and wires. That left only helicopters or vertical-takeoff jets. Drawing on its experimental Yak-36, Yakovlev built a purpose-made naval machine capped at just under the speed of sound.<\/p>\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/08\/yak-38-forger-navy.jpg\" alt=\"Yak-38 Forger in Navy markings\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block;border-radius:6px\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">A Yak-38 Forger in Soviet Navy markings. Aldo Bidini, GFDL.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The Three-Engine Compromise<\/h2><p>The Forger&rsquo;s defining feature was its powerplant. A single vectoring engine in the rear handled cruise and part of the lift, while two smaller jets stood almost upright behind the cockpit and fired only during takeoff and landing. A computer blended the thrust to balance the jet in the hover.<\/p><p>It worked &mdash; but the lift jets were dead weight the moment the aircraft was airborne, adding weight, drag and failure modes for no benefit in flight.<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_VySl0dYeJM\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;border-radius:8px\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n<p style=\"font-size:14px;color:#777;font-style:italic;text-align:center;margin-top:-12px\">The Soviet Union&rsquo;s first VTOL fighter, explained.<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>&ldquo;The Yakovlev Yak-38 Forger was something of the Soviet answer to the VTOL British Harrier jump jet of the West.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>MilitaryFactory<\/strong> &mdash; Aviation reference<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The Ejection Seat That Fired Itself<\/h2><p>The Yak-38 carried what is widely cited as the first automatic ejection system on a fixed-wing fighter. If a lift engine failed or the aircraft rolled past sixty degrees during the critical transition, the seat fired on its own, with no input from the pilot. Given how unforgiving the vertical regime was, it almost certainly saved lives.<\/p>\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/08\/yak-38m-museum-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Yakovlev Yak-38M in a museum\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block;border-radius:6px\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">A preserved Yak-38M. The two lift jets sat just behind the cockpit. Alan Wilson, CC BY-SA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Crippled by Range, Heat and Load<\/h2><p>The Forger&rsquo;s numbers were brutal. It was one of the shortest-ranged fighters of its era, and hot-and-high conditions sapped the lift engines badly. During a 1980 trial deployment to Afghanistan, the jets could reportedly lift only a token pair of small bombs and flew mostly in the cool of early morning, to little effect.<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/e_3GpGLz0xw\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;border-radius:8px\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n<p style=\"font-size:14px;color:#777;font-style:italic;text-align:center;margin-top:-12px\">A critical look at the Forger&rsquo;s limitations.<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #1565c0;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>&ldquo;A similar concept to the British Harrier Jet, it had a much-reduced payload and endurance, along with poor reliability.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Francisco Cunha<\/strong> &mdash; Aviation writer (@OnDisasters)<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Forger Versus Harrier<\/h2><p>Both jets solved the same problem, but the Harrier did it with one engine and four vectoring nozzles &mdash; giving it far better range, load and combat flexibility, plus dogfighting tricks the Forger never had. Where the Harrier fought in the Falklands and served for decades, the Forger stayed close to its ships.<\/p><h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Retirement and the Yak-141 Legacy<\/h2><p>The Yak-38 was withdrawn as the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991. Its intended supersonic successor, the Yak-141, was cancelled when the money ran out. Yet the lessons of the Soviet lift-plus-vectoring layout are often linked to the later F-35B &mdash; giving the humble Forger an outsized place in the story of vertical flight.<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/EPvGUOMJm80\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;border-radius:8px\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n<p style=\"font-size:14px;color:#777;font-style:italic;text-align:center;margin-top:-12px\">The Yak-38 among history&rsquo;s troubled VTOL designs.<\/p><p style=\"font-size:14px;color:#666;font-style:italic;margin-top:20px\">Sources: Wikipedia (Yakovlev Yak-38); MilitaryFactory.com. Figures for range and Afghanistan trials vary by source and are given as reported.<\/p>\n<!-- mfsh:bottom -->\n\n<button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-trigger mfsh-bottom\" data-mfsh-placement=\"bottom\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><svg><use href=\"#mfsh-i-share\"\/><\/svg>Share this story<\/button>\n\n<!-- \/mfsh:bottom -->\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4ff;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:16px 20px;margin:32px 0 8px;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600;color:#333\">Related Posts<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/rockwell-xfv-12-vtol-fighter-that-couldnt-hover\/\">The VTOL Fighter That Couldn&rsquo;t Lift Itself<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/bartini-beriev-vva-14-soviet-ufo-sub-hunter\/\">The Soviet UFO That Hunted Submarines<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/bartini-beriev-vva-14-soviet-ufo-sub-hunter\/\">The Soviet UFO That Hunted Submarines<\/a><\/p><\/div>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lo Yakovlev Yak-38 Forger era l&#039;unico aereo a decollo verticale imbarcato dell&#039;URSS: tre motori, autonomia ridotta e sedile eiettabile. Come si confrontava con l&#039;Harrier?.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":8413525,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[666,664],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8413809","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-and-legends","category-military-aviation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Yakovlev Yak-38: The Jump Jet That Barely Jumped<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Yakovlev Yak-38 Forger was the USSR&rsquo;s only carrier VTOL fighter: three engines, tiny range, and an auto-ejection seat. 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