{"id":8670928,"date":"2026-08-02T10:26:52","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T08:26:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/jetflights\/?p=8670928"},"modified":"2026-08-02T10:27:14","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T08:27:14","slug":"rolls-royce-flying-bedstead-banco-di-misura-della-spinta-vtol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/rolls-royce-flying-bedstead-thrust-measuring-rig-vtol\/","title":{"rendered":"Il letto volante che insegn\u00f2 alla Gran Bretagna a librarsi in aria"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\r\n<p>Sembrava un letto a baldacchino saldato con delle impalcature e volava mantenendosi in equilibrio su una colonna di getto d&#039;aria. Quando il Rolls-Royce Thrust Measuring Rig si sollev\u00f2 in aria a Hucknall nel 1954, divenne il primo aereo a reazione a volare in tutto il mondo, e aveva un aspetto cos\u00ec assurdo che gli ingegneri che lo costruirono lo chiamarono semplicemente &quot;Letto Volante&quot;.<\/p>\r\n<p>Dietro l&#039;aspetto comico si celava un problema serio che nessuno aveva ancora risolto: un aereo a reazione poteva rimanere in volo stazionario grazie alla propria spinta ed essere controllato durante tale manovra? Il Bedstead rispose affermativamente, e cos\u00ec facendo diede il via a tutti gli aerei britannici a decollo verticale che seguirono, fino all&#039;Harrier.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f5f5f5;padding:20px 24px;margin:24px 0;border-radius:8px\">\r\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;font-weight:700;font-size:18px;color:#333\">Informazioni rapide<\/p>\r\n<ul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:18px;line-height:1.8\">\r\n<li><strong>Aeromobili:<\/strong> Banco di misura della spinta Rolls-Royce (TMR), il &quot;letto volante&quot;\u201c<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Motivo di fama:<\/strong> il primo aereo a reazione a volare in qualsiasi parte del mondo<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Primo volo libero:<\/strong> 3 agosto 1954, pilota Ronald T. Shepherd<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Energia:<\/strong> due turbogetti Rolls-Royce Nene, con lo scarico girato di 90\u00b0 verso il basso<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Controllare:<\/strong> L&#039;aria compressa veniva pompata verso gli ugelli &quot;a spruzzo&quot; alle estremit\u00e0.<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Destino:<\/strong> Furono costruiti due velivoli; il secondo si schiant\u00f2 nel 1957, uccidendo il pilota.<\/li>\r\n<li><strong>Eredit\u00e0:<\/strong> ha portato allo Short SC.1 e, infine, all&#039;Harrier<\/li>\r\n<\/ul><\/div>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Due motori e tanto coraggio<\/h2>\r\n<p>Il sistema era di una logica brutale. Due turboreattori Rolls-Royce Nene erano montati orizzontalmente, uno di fronte all&#039;altro, con i loro scarichi piegati di 90 gradi per sparare direttamente verso il basso, attraverso il baricentro della macchina. Per impedire che l&#039;intera struttura si ribaltasse, gli ingegneri convogliavano circa un decimo dell&#039;aria compressa dei motori verso piccoli ugelli &quot;a getto&quot; alle estremit\u00e0: getti d&#039;aria che spingevano il telaio in posizione orizzontale, come un&#039;asta da funambolo fatta di gas compresso.<\/p>\r\n<p>Il 3 agosto 1954, il capo collaudatore della Rolls-Royce, Ronald Shepherd, effettu\u00f2 il primo volo libero. Il velivolo si sollev\u00f2, rimase in volo stazionario, si spost\u00f2 lateralmente e all&#039;indietro, per poi ricadere a terra: manovre comuni per un elicottero, ma rivoluzionarie per un aereo a reazione.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/f8W2SI4c93s\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;border-radius:8px\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #1565c0;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>\u201c&quot;Era difficile credere che questa macchina sbilanciata, del peso di oltre 3 tonnellate, sospesa sulla spinta del getto, fosse bilanciata dai quattro ugelli dell&#039;aria.&quot;\u201d<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Rapporto del pilota collaudatore della Rolls-Royce<\/strong> \u2014 Consiglio per la ricerca aeronautica, R&amp;M 3336<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Stabile come una roccia, quasi sempre.<\/h2>\r\n<p>Grazie all&#039;autostabilizzatore, i piloti trovavano il Bedstead incredibilmente stabile in volo stazionario. Ma non era docile. La parte pi\u00f9 difficile era controllare l&#039;altitudine, perch\u00e9 i grandi motori Nene rispondevano lentamente all&#039;acceleratore, quindi un pilota che cercava di guadagnare quota poteva facilmente trovarsi dietro al velivolo. Anche il controllo del rollio era al limite.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img data-opt-id=689679239  fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:0e0_.b970\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/08\/rolls-royce-thrust-measuring-rig-detail.jpg\" alt=\"Il banco di misura della spinta della Rolls-Royce, il letto volante\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block;border-radius:6px\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">Il letto volante: due motori Nene, quattro gambe e una gabbia di tubi d&#039;acciaio. L&#039;esemplare superstite, XJ314, \u00e8 conservato al Science Museum di Londra. Foto: Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #1565c0;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>\u201c&quot;Il Bedstead soffre di scarsa reattivit\u00e0 e potenza in rollio.&quot;\u201d<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Rapporto del pilota collaudatore della Rolls-Royce<\/strong> \u2014 Consiglio per la ricerca aeronautica, R&amp;M 3336<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">L&#039;incidente e il costo<\/h2>\r\n<p>Furono costruiti due prototipi, e la ricerca pionieristica in campo aeronautico raramente \u00e8 priva di conseguenze tragiche. Il secondo velivolo si schiant\u00f2 nel 1957 durante un volo stazionario vincolato, uccidendo il pilota, e la Rolls-Royce smise di volare con quel tipo di aereo. Ma i dati erano gi\u00e0 stati raccolti e la domanda centrale \u2013 un jet pu\u00f2 rimanere in volo stazionario sotto controllo? \u2013 aveva trovato una risposta inequivocabile.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Ek67g9b4Ssg\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;border-radius:8px\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Ci\u00f2 che ha dato inizio al Bedstead<\/h2>\r\n<p>L&#039;idea del Bedstead di controllo reattivo \u2013 getti d&#039;aria alle estremit\u00e0 alari, al muso e alla coda per manovrare un velivolo troppo lento perch\u00e9 i comandi normali potessero reagire \u2013 divenne la chiave di tutto ci\u00f2 che segu\u00ec. Contribu\u00ec direttamente allo sviluppo dello Short SC.1, il primo velivolo VTOL ad ala fissa britannico, che utilizzava una batteria di motori di sollevamento per decollare e un motore separato per volare in avanti.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img data-opt-id=352875796  fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:0e0_.b970\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/ig:avif\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/08\/short-sc1-first-british-vtol.jpg\" alt=\"Short SC.1, il primo velivolo a decollo e atterraggio verticale (VTOL) della Gran Bretagna.\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block;border-radius:6px\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">Lo Short SC.1, il primo velivolo VTOL ad ala fissa britannico, eredit\u00f2 la filosofia di controllo reattivo del Bedstead. Foto: Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n<p>L&#039;SC.1 dimostr\u00f2 che una macchina poteva passare dal volo stazionario al volo ad ala fissa e viceversa. Ma trasportare una serie di motori solo per il decollo era un vicolo cieco. La svolta arriv\u00f2 quando Hawker mont\u00f2 un singolo motore a spinta vettoriale sul P.1127, l&#039;aereo che matur\u00f2 nel <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/aerei\/harrier-aereo-a-decollo-verticale\/\">Harrier<\/a> \u2014 il primo aereo a decollo verticale operativo al mondo, e tuttora il pi\u00f9 famoso. Ognuno di essi mantenne i motori a getto del Bedstead per il controllo in volo stazionario.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/l5tXRMxuWic\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;border-radius:8px\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n<p>Non male per una struttura di letto volante.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"font-style:italic;color:#777;font-size:14px;margin-top:24px\">Fonti: Wikipedia; Rolls-Royce \/ Aeronautical Research Council R&amp;M 3336; Science Museum Group; The Engineer; Dunsfold Airfield History Society.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4ff;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:16px 20px;margin:32px 0 8px;border-radius:0 8px 8px 0\">\r\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600;color:#333\">Post correlati<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/rockwell-xfv-12-vtol-fighter-that-couldnt-hover\/\">Il caccia VTOL che non riusciva a sollevarsi in volo<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/it\/yakovlev-yak-38-forger-soviet-vtol\/\">Il jet sovietico a decollo verticale che riusciva a malapena a saltare<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It looked like a four-poster bed welded out of scaffolding, and it flew by balancing on a column of jet blast. When the Rolls-Royce Thrust Measuring Rig lurched into the air at Hucknall in 1954, it became the first jet-lift aircraft to fly anywhere in the world &mdash; and it looked so absurd that the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":8670949,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[666,664],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8670928","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-and-legends","category-military-aviation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Flying Bedstead: The Rig That Taught Britain to Hover<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Rolls-Royce Flying Bedstead was the first jet-lift aircraft ever to fly. 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