{"id":24895412,"date":"2026-09-26T17:08:35","date_gmt":"2026-09-26T15:08:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/klm-flight-867-redoubt-volcanic-ash-747-four-engines-1989\/"},"modified":"2026-09-26T17:25:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-26T15:25:33","slug":"klm-flight-867-redoubt-volcanic-ash-747-four-engines-1989","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/klm-flight-867-redoubt-volcanic-ash-747-four-engines-1989\/","title":{"rendered":"KLM 867: The 747 That Lost All Four Engines Over Alaska"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\r\n\r\n<p>On 15 December 1989, a brand-new KLM Boeing 747-400 was descending towards Anchorage, Alaska, on its way from Amsterdam to Tokyo. The day before, Mount Redoubt, about 150 miles away, had erupted. Somewhere in the grey winter sky over the Alaskan mountains, the jumbo flew into its ash.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Within seconds, all four engines stopped. The 747, carrying 231 passengers, became a glider over Alaska. What happened in the next few minutes is one of the great saves in civil aviation, and one of the main reasons airlines now take volcanic ash so seriously.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f4f5f7;border:1px solid #e2e7ee;padding:18px 22px;margin:8px 0 28px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;font-weight:700;font-size:17px\">Quick Facts<\/p><ul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:20px;line-height:1.7\"><li><strong>Flight:<\/strong> KLM 867, Amsterdam to Tokyo via Anchorage<\/li><li><strong>Date:<\/strong> 15 December 1989<\/li><li><strong>Aircraft:<\/strong> Boeing 747-406M (Combi) PH-BFC \"City of Calgary\", less than six months old<\/li><li><strong>Captain:<\/strong> Karl van der Elst<\/li><li><strong>On board:<\/strong> 231 passengers plus crew; no one was injured<\/li><li><strong>Volcano:<\/strong> Mount Redoubt, Alaska, which erupted on 14 December 1989<\/li><li><strong>Height lost:<\/strong> From 27,900 ft to 13,300 ft according to the USGS, more than 14,000 ft<\/li><li><strong>Damage:<\/strong> About US$80 million, including all four engines<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Into the Cloud<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>According to the Anchorage Daily News, the 747 entered the ash cloud at around 25,000 feet, some 75 miles northwest of Anchorage. The US Geological Survey gives the altitude as 27,900 feet. Either way, the crew had little chance of spotting it: as volcanologists point out, ash plumes can be difficult or impossible to tell apart from ordinary clouds.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Within 10 to 15 seconds in the cloud, all four General Electric CF6 engines flamed out. The ash, made of fine rock and glass, melted in the engines' hot sections and coated the turbine parts with glass. That also fooled the engine temperature sensors, which helped trigger the automatic shutdowns.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Cb6VdPJmQ_4\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><em>Green Dot Aviation's breakdown of KLM Flight 867 and how the crew restarted a 747 with all engines out.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">A 747 Without Engines<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>With no engine thrust, the 747 was running on standby electrical power for its critical systems, and many cockpit instruments went dark. Captain Karl van der Elst and his crew began working through the engine restart procedure while the jet descended. It took several attempts.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>In the cabin, the passengers knew something was badly wrong.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #d32f2f;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>&ldquo;We went into this steep descent\u2026 It was dark. People were screaming, throwing up.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>David Farrell<\/strong> &mdash; passenger on KLM 867, quoted by the Anchorage Daily News<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>According to the Anchorage Daily News, the crew got engines 1 and 2 running again after six or seven attempts, and the remaining two restarted at around 11,000 feet. By then the 747 had lost more than 14,000 feet. The USGS puts the drop at 27,900 to 13,300 feet, more than two miles.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/klm-747-ph-bfc-nose-city-of-calgary-name.jpg\" alt=\"The nose of KLM 747 PH-BFC showing the name City of Calgary\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">KLM 747-400 PH-BFC \"City of Calgary\", the aircraft of Flight 867, photographed years later. After repairs costing around $80 million, it flew for KLM until 2018. Photo: Eric Salard \/ CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>&ldquo;The stewardesses cried, \u2018Everybody put seat belts on.\u2019 Some tried. Everybody just held on.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Karl Schnuerl<\/strong> &mdash; passenger on KLM 867, quoted by the Anchorage Daily News<\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Landing in Anchorage<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>With power back, the crew flew the damaged 747 to Anchorage and landed safely. Nobody among the 231 passengers and crew was hurt. The aircraft was not so lucky: repairs cost around $80 million, and all four engines had to be replaced.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>PH-BFC went back into service and flew for KLM for almost three more decades, including with KLM Asia, before retiring on 14 March 2018.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cxPUAvnq_YI\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><em>The air traffic control recording of KLM Flight 867, with subtitles, published by Air Crash Daily.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Why Aviation Learned to Fear Ash<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>KLM 867 came seven years after a British Airways 747 lost all four engines over Indonesia in ash from Mount Galunggung, told in <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/british-airways-flight-9-volcanic-ash-747-glide-1982\/\">The Night a 747 Lost All Four Engines<\/a>. In the years that followed, a worldwide network of Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres was set up to track ash clouds and warn aircraft, and volcano observatories now issue alerts specifically for aviation.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/mount-redoubt-eruption-cloud-april-1990.jpg\" alt=\"Mount Redoubt eruption cloud, April 1990\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">Redoubt Volcano erupting again on 21 April 1990, seen from the Kenai Peninsula. The same eruptive period sent the ash that stopped KLM 867's engines. Photo: R. Clucas \/ USGS, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The North Pacific is one of the busiest volcanic regions for air traffic. The USGS says at least 15 aircraft had been damaged by volcanic ash along North Pacific routes since 1980, including KLM 867, and around 80 such encounters had been recorded worldwide. Every time a volcano like Etna closes an airport today, it is following lessons written over Alaska in 1989.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Zw-lPd5p6II\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><em>USGS aerial footage of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Sources: Wikipedia (KLM Flight 867), US Geological Survey Fact Sheet 030-97, Anchorage Daily News, SMU Research<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<style>.mfq{margin:34px 0 8px}.mfq h2{font:26px\/1.3 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;padding-top:22px;margin:0 0 6px}.mfq .qa details{border-top:1px solid #5C91FF;margin:0;padding:0}.mfq .qa details:last-of-type{border-bottom:1px solid #e2e7ee}.mfq .qa summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;padding:22px 26px;font:18px\/1.7 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117}.mfq .qa summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.mfq .qa summary::after{content:\"+\";font:24px Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#3568e0;flex:0 0 auto}.mfq .qa details[open] summary::after{content:\"\\2013\"}.mfq .qa details:hover summary{color:#3568e0}.mfq .qa .a{font:16px\/1.7 \"Gilroy regular\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#454e5e;padding:0 26px 24px}.mfq .qa .a a{color:#3568e0}@media(max-width:680px){.mfq .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}.mfq .qa .a{padding:0 14px 20px}}<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n<section class=\"mfq\"><h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2><div class=\"qa\"><details open><summary>What happened to KLM Flight 867?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">On 15 December 1989, KLM Flight 867, a Boeing 747-400 flying from Amsterdam to Tokyo via Anchorage, flew into volcanic ash from Mount Redoubt in Alaska. All four engines flamed out, but the crew restarted them and landed safely in Anchorage.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How far did KLM 867 fall?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">According to the US Geological Survey, KLM 867 dropped from 27,900 feet to 13,300 feet before the crew restarted the engines, a fall of more than two miles. Other accounts give the entry altitude as about 25,000 feet.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Was anyone hurt on KLM Flight 867?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">No. All 231 passengers and the crew of KLM Flight 867 survived without injury, although the aircraft suffered around US$80 million in damage and needed four new engines.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why do volcanic ash clouds stop jet engines?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Volcanic ash is made of fine rock and glass particles that melt in a jet engine's hot section and coat the turbine parts with glass. In KLM 867's case the coating also fooled the engine temperature sensors, contributing to the automatic shutdown of all four engines.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Who was the captain of KLM Flight 867?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">KLM Flight 867 was commanded by Captain Karl van der Elst. He and his crew restarted engines 1 and 2 after six or seven attempts, and the remaining two at around 11,000 feet, according to the Anchorage Daily News.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What happened to the KLM 747 PH-BFC after the incident?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The Boeing 747-406M PH-BFC, named City of Calgary, was repaired and returned to service. It flew for KLM, including with KLM Asia, until it was retired on 14 March 2018.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What happened to KLM Flight 867?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"On 15 December 1989, KLM Flight 867, a Boeing 747-400 flying from Amsterdam to Tokyo via Anchorage, flew into volcanic ash from Mount Redoubt in Alaska. All four engines flamed out, but the crew restarted them and landed safely in Anchorage.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How far did KLM 867 fall?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"According to the US Geological Survey, KLM 867 dropped from 27,900 feet to 13,300 feet before the crew restarted the engines, a fall of more than two miles. 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He and his crew restarted engines 1 and 2 after six or seven attempts, and the remaining two at around 11,000 feet, according to the Anchorage Daily News.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What happened to the KLM 747 PH-BFC after the incident?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Boeing 747-406M PH-BFC, named City of Calgary, was repaired and returned to service. 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