{"id":27076042,"date":"2026-10-07T11:25:52","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T09:25:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/?p=27076042"},"modified":"2026-10-07T11:26:14","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T09:26:14","slug":"hms-dreadnought-1906-battleship-revolution-air-power","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/hms-dreadnought-1906-battleship-revolution-air-power\/","title":{"rendered":"HMS Dreadnought: The Battleship Revolution That Aircraft Ended"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\n<!-- mfsh:top -->\n\n<style>\n.mfsh-trigger{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;height:44px;padding:0 18px;margin:0 0 26px;border:2px solid #0F1720;background:#fff;color:#0F1720;font-family:inherit;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;cursor:pointer;box-shadow:none;transition:background .15s,color 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A year after work on her began, HMS Dreadnought went to sea for trials, and every other battleship in the world, including all of Britain&rsquo;s own, was suddenly second-rate. Navies even coined a word for them: pre-dreadnoughts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dreadnought started an arms race that ran straight into the First World War and shaped naval power for decades. But her story has an ending that belongs in an aviation magazine. Within forty years, the kind of warship she created had been beaten not by bigger guns, but by aircraft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#f5f5f5;border-left:4px solid #1a1a1a;padding:18px 22px;margin:24px 0\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600\">Quick Facts<\/p><ul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:20px\"><li><strong>Ship:<\/strong> HMS Dreadnought, Royal Navy battleship<\/li><li><strong>Laid down:<\/strong> 2 October 1905, HM Dockyard Portsmouth<\/li><li><strong>Launched:<\/strong> 10 February 1906 by King Edward VII<\/li><li><strong>Commissioned:<\/strong> 2 December 1906; joined the fleet 11 December<\/li><li><strong>Armament:<\/strong> Ten 12-inch guns in five twin turrets<\/li><li><strong>Machinery:<\/strong> Parsons steam turbines, the first in a battleship; 21 knots<\/li><li><strong>Cost:<\/strong> About \u00a31.7 to \u00a31.8 million<\/li><li><strong>Fate:<\/strong> Sold for scrap 1921; broken up from 1923<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">All Big Guns, and Turbines<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dreadnought was the brainchild of Admiral Sir John &ldquo;Jacky&rdquo; Fisher, the First Sea Lord, who set up a Committee on Designs in January 1905 and steered it towards two radical ideas. The first was armament. Earlier battleships carried a mix of heavy and medium guns. Dreadnought carried ten 12-inch guns of a single calibre in five twin turrets, eight of which could fire on either beam. The second was propulsion. She was the first battleship driven by Parsons steam turbines, which gave her 21 knots, faster than any battleship afloat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>&ldquo;Hit first! Hit hard! Keep on hitting!!&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Admiral Sir John Fisher<\/strong> &mdash; First Sea Lord, as quoted by Winston Churchill in The World Crisis<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Just as striking was the speed of construction. Dreadnought was laid down on 2 October 1905 and went to sea for trials on 3 October 1906, a year and a day later. Her guns and turrets were simply given top priority. Germany answered with its own all-big-gun battleships, the first of them the Nassau class, laid down in 1907, and the race was on. By 1914 the size of a nation&rsquo;s dreadnought fleet had become the measure of its power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zesiF-TAS30\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The Only Battleship to Sink a Submarine<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dreadnought&rsquo;s own war was quieter than her reputation. Her one moment of glory came on 18 March 1915, off northern Scotland, when she rammed and sank the German submarine U-29. Its commander, Otto Weddigen, had become a hero in Germany after his earlier boat, U-9, sank three British cruisers in 95 minutes in 1914. He and his whole crew were lost. Dreadnought remains the only battleship confirmed to have sunk a submarine. She missed the Battle of Jutland in 1916 because she was in refit, was sold for scrap in 1921 and was broken up from 1923.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YKgour9QMeg\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even before then, aviation had begun to close in. In 1917 the Royal Navy fitted a flying-off deck to HMS Furious, a big-gun ship of Fisher&rsquo;s own design, and in July 1918 seven Sopwith Camels from Furious attacked the Zeppelin base at Tondern, destroying two airships, in what is regarded as the first attack in history by aircraft from an aircraft carrier.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Bombs Against Armour<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In July 1921, off the Virginia coast, US Army aviator Billy Mitchell set out to prove that aircraft could sink a battleship. His target was the former German dreadnought Ostfriesland, a Jutland veteran handed to the United States after the war. On 21 July his Martin MB-2 bombers dropped 2,000-pound bombs around her, and she sank 22 minutes after the first one fell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/sms-ostfriesland-bombed-billy-mitchell-1921.jpg\" alt=\"The former German battleship Ostfriesland hit by bombs during Billy Mitchell\u2019s tests on 21 July 1921\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">Ostfriesland under bombing on 21 July 1921. She was anchored, unmanned and had no crew to fight the damage, but she still went down. Photo: US Army Air Service \/ Library of Congress<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The test was hotly disputed. The ship was anchored, unmanned and had no damage control, and Mitchell broke the agreed test rules. The Navy concluded that the battleship was still the backbone of the fleet. Mitchell disagreed, loudly, and was eventually court-martialled for it, as we tell in <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/billy-mitchell-he-proved-bombers-could-sink-battleships-and-was-court-martialed-for-it\/\">our story of Billy Mitchell<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>&ldquo;The air will prevail over the water in a very short space of time.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Billy Mitchell<\/strong> &mdash; US Army Air Service, as quoted by Air &amp; Space Forces Magazine<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-pk9mYKM61U\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The Proof, 1940 to 1945<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Second World War settled the argument. On the night of 11 to 12 November 1940, 21 Swordfish biplanes from HMS Illustrious attacked the Italian fleet in harbour at Taranto, putting three battleships out of action for the loss of two aircraft. Japanese planners studied the raid. In May 1941 a single Swordfish torpedo jammed the rudder of the German battleship Bismarck and doomed her. On 7 December 1941, Japanese carrier aircraft sank or damaged all eight US battleships at Pearl Harbor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three days later came the moment many historians see as the true end of the battleship era. Off Kuantan in Malaya, 88 land-based Japanese bombers sank HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse, the first capital ships actively defending themselves to be sunk solely by air power while steaming in the open sea. 840 men died.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/prince-of-wales-repulse-japanese-bombing-attack-1941.jpg\" alt=\"HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse under high-level bombing attack by Japanese aircraft on 10 December 1941\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">Prince of Wales and Repulse under high-level bombing attack, photographed from a Japanese aircraft on 10 December 1941. Photo: US Naval History and Heritage Command, NH 60566<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:flex-start\"><div><em>&ldquo;In all the war, I never received a more direct shock.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Winston Churchill<\/strong> &mdash; on the loss of Prince of Wales and Repulse<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/g7dqxBdYBZI\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The largest battleships ever built went the same way. Japan&rsquo;s Musashi was sunk by US carrier aircraft in the Sibuyan Sea on 24 October 1944. RAF Lancasters with 12,000-pound Tallboy bombs capsized the German battleship Tirpitz near Troms\u00f8 on 12 November 1944. And on 7 April 1945, around 280 US carrier aircraft sank Yamato, the biggest battleship in history, north of Okinawa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/yamato-under-attack-us-carrier-aircraft-april-1945.jpg\" alt=\"The Japanese battleship Yamato manoeuvring under attack by US Navy carrier aircraft on 7 April 1945\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">Yamato manoeuvres under attack by US carrier aircraft on 7 April 1945, photographed from an aircraft from USS Yorktown. Photo: US Navy, NH 62581<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">After the Dreadnought<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A handful of battleships served on for decades as floating gun batteries. The last of them, USS Iowa and USS Wisconsin, were finally struck from the US Navy register in 2006. By then the capital ship of every major navy had long been the aircraft carrier, the ship Fisher&rsquo;s Furious had pointed towards in 1917. Dreadnought had made every battleship obsolete in a single year. Aircraft took a little longer to do the same to her descendants, but they did it just as completely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Sources: Wikipedia, HMS Dreadnought (1906), Nassau-class battleship, HMS Furious, Tondern raid, SMS Ostfriesland, Battle of Taranto, Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse, Japanese battleships Musashi and Yamato, Operation Catechism, USS Wisconsin; uboat.net (U-29); US Naval History and Heritage Command (Pearl Harbor fact sheet; Capt. A. W. Johnson, account of the 1921 bombing experiments); Air &amp; Space Forces Magazine; Wikiquote (John Fisher, citing Churchill, The World Crisis); Royal Museums Greenwich<\/em><\/p>\n\n<!-- mfsh:bottom -->\n\n<button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-trigger mfsh-bottom\" data-mfsh-placement=\"bottom\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><svg><use href=\"#mfsh-i-share\"\/><\/svg>Share this story<\/button>\n\n<!-- \/mfsh:bottom -->\n\n\n<style>.mfq{margin:34px 0 8px}.mfq h2{font:26px\/1.3 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;padding-top:22px;margin:0 0 6px}.mfq .qa details{border-top:1px solid #5C91FF;margin:0;padding:0}.mfq .qa details:last-of-type{border-bottom:1px solid #e2e7ee}.mfq .qa summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;padding:22px 26px;font:18px\/1.7 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117}.mfq .qa summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.mfq .qa summary::after{content:\"+\";font:24px Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#3568e0;flex:0 0 auto}.mfq .qa details[open] summary::after{content:\"\\2013\"}.mfq .qa details:hover summary{color:#3568e0}.mfq .qa .a{font:16px\/1.7 \"Gilroy regular\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#454e5e;padding:0 26px 24px}.mfq .qa .a a{color:#3568e0}@media(max-width:680px){.mfq .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}.mfq .qa .a{padding:0 14px 20px}}<\/style>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"mfq\"><h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2><div class=\"qa\"><details open><summary>Why was HMS Dreadnought so revolutionary?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">HMS Dreadnought, completed in 1906, was the first battleship with a uniform main armament of ten 12-inch guns and the first driven by steam turbines, giving her 21 knots. She outgunned and outran every battleship afloat, so older ships were renamed &ldquo;pre-dreadnoughts&rdquo; and later battleships everywhere were called dreadnoughts.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How long did it take to build HMS Dreadnought?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">HMS Dreadnought was laid down on 2 October 1905 and went to sea for trials on 3 October 1906, a year and a day later. She was commissioned in December 1906. Her guns and turrets had been given top priority rather than taken from other ships.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Did HMS Dreadnought sink a submarine?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Yes. On 18 March 1915 HMS Dreadnought rammed and sank the German submarine U-29 off northern Scotland, killing its commander Otto Weddigen and all of his crew. She is the only battleship confirmed to have sunk a submarine.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Did HMS Dreadnought fight at Jutland?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">No. HMS Dreadnought was in refit at Portsmouth during the Battle of Jutland on 31 May 1916 and missed the largest battleship action of the First World War.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>When did aircraft first sink a battleship?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">In July 1921 US Army bombers led by Billy Mitchell sank the anchored, unmanned former German battleship Ostfriesland in tests off Virginia. The first capital ships sunk solely by aircraft while underway and defending themselves were HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse, sunk by Japanese bombers on 10 December 1941.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>When was the last battleship retired?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The last battleships on any navy&rsquo;s register were USS Iowa and USS Wisconsin, struck from the US Navy list in 2006. USS Missouri, the last US battleship to be commissioned, was decommissioned in 1992 and is now a museum at Pearl Harbor.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why was HMS Dreadnought so revolutionary?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"HMS Dreadnought, completed in 1906, was the first battleship with a uniform main armament of ten 12-inch guns and the first driven by steam turbines, giving her 21 knots. She outgunned and outran every battleship afloat, so older ships were renamed \u201cpre-dreadnoughts\u201d and later battleships everywhere were called dreadnoughts.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How long did it take to build HMS Dreadnought?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"HMS Dreadnought was laid down on 2 October 1905 and went to sea for trials on 3 October 1906, a year and a day later. She was commissioned in December 1906. Her guns and turrets had been given top priority rather than taken from other ships.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Did HMS Dreadnought sink a submarine?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. On 18 March 1915 HMS Dreadnought rammed and sank the German submarine U-29 off northern Scotland, killing its commander Otto Weddigen and all of his crew. She is the only battleship confirmed to have sunk a submarine.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Did HMS Dreadnought fight at Jutland?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"No. HMS Dreadnought was in refit at Portsmouth during the Battle of Jutland on 31 May 1916 and missed the largest battleship action of the First World War.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"When did aircraft first sink a battleship?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"In July 1921 US Army bombers led by Billy Mitchell sank the anchored, unmanned former German battleship Ostfriesland in tests off Virginia. 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USS Missouri, the last US battleship to be commissioned, was decommissioned in 1992 and is now a museum at Pearl Harbor.\"}}]}<\/script><div style=\"background:#f0f4ff;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:16px 20px;margin:32px 0 8px\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600;color:#333\">Related Posts<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/billy-mitchell-he-proved-bombers-could-sink-battleships-and-was-court-martialed-for-it\/\">Billy Mitchell: He Proved Bombers Could Sink Battleships, and Was Court-Martialed for It<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/the-night-twenty-one-biplanes-changed-naval-warfare-forever-taranto-1940\/\">The Night Twenty-One Biplanes Changed Naval Warfare Forever: Taranto, 1940<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/arms-race-before-1914-compared-to-today-military-spending\/\">It Looks Like 1914. The Numbers Disagree.<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/channel-dash-esmonde-swordfish-operation-cerberus-1942\/\">The Channel Dash: Six Swordfish Against a Battle Fleet<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 1906 HMS Dreadnought made every battleship in the world obsolete overnight. Forty years later, aircraft did the same to the battleship itself. The revolution at sea, and the one in the air that followed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":27075693,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[666],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27076042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-and-legends"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>HMS Dreadnought: The Revolution Aircraft Ended | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"HMS Dreadnought made every battleship obsolete in 1906. Within 40 years aircraft had done the same to her successors. 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