{"id":31631757,"date":"2026-11-07T13:33:32","date_gmt":"2026-11-07T12:33:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/junkers-f-13-first-all-metal-airliner-1919-hugo-junkers\/"},"modified":"2026-11-07T13:33:58","modified_gmt":"2026-11-07T12:33:58","slug":"junkers-f-13-first-all-metal-airliner-1919-hugo-junkers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/junkers-f-13-first-all-metal-airliner-1919-hugo-junkers\/","title":{"rendered":"Junkers F 13: The World&#8217;s First All-Metal Airliner"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.et_pb_title_container h1.entry-title { padding-top: 40px !important; }<\/style>\r\n<!-- mfsh:top -->\r\n\r\n<style>\r\n.mfsh-trigger{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;height:44px;padding:0 18px;margin:0 0 26px;border:2px solid 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On 25 June that year, at Dessau in Germany, test pilot Emil Monz took off in something entirely different: a low-wing monoplane with no bracing wires at all, skinned from nose to tail in ribbed, corrugated metal.<\/p><p>It was the Junkers F 13, the first all-metal aircraft built from the start to carry passengers. It seated four people in a closed, heated cabin, and it went on to fly with airlines on every continent for more than three decades.<\/p><p>The F 13 did more than carry passengers. It proved that metal was the right material for an airliner, years before the rest of the industry agreed.<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"background:#f4f6f9;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:18px 22px;margin:8px 0 28px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:700;color:#0d1117\">Quick Facts<\/p><ul style=\"margin:0;padding-left:18px;line-height:1.7\"><li><strong>Type:<\/strong> Single-engined all-metal passenger and cargo monoplane<\/li><li><strong>First flight:<\/strong> 25 June 1919, Dessau, pilot Emil Monz<\/li><li><strong>Designer:<\/strong> Otto Reuter, for Hugo Junkers<\/li><li><strong>Structure:<\/strong> Duralumin, corrugated skin, cantilever low wing<\/li><li><strong>Accommodation:<\/strong> 2 crew, 4 passengers in a heated cabin<\/li><li><strong>Engines:<\/strong> Mercedes D.IIIa (prototype); mostly Junkers L5<\/li><li><strong>Production:<\/strong> About 320, 1919-1932 (sources range 314-351)<\/li><li><strong>Last airline use:<\/strong> Brazil, 1951<\/li><li><strong>Survivors:<\/strong> Five original airframes, all in museums<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">A Professor Who Hated Wires<\/h2><p>Hugo Junkers was not an aircraft man by trade. He made gas water heaters in Dessau, and in 1910 he patented a radical idea: a thick, unbraced cantilever wing that carried all its loads internally. In 1915 his factory produced the J 1, an all-metal monoplane built from sheet steel. It flew, but it was heavy.<\/p><p>The company's own account of that first experiment, translated into English for the US National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics in 1926, is refreshingly blunt.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><em>&ldquo;The first Junkers airplane was made entirely of steel. It was found to be impossible, however, to reduce the thickness of the metal sufficiently to offset its high specific gravity. The steel airplane was too heavy.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Junkers company description of the F 13<\/strong> &mdash; Translated from the German by the NACA, Aircraft Circular No. 6, 'All-Metal Junkers Airplane, Type F 13', 1926<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The answer was duralumin, an aluminium alloy with copper, manganese and magnesium. According to the same NACA circular, it had a specific gravity of 2.8 yet roughly the strength of Siemens-Martin steel, which was three times as heavy. After the Armistice, Junkers asked his chief designer Otto Reuter for something new: a passenger aircraft made entirely of metal, with no military purpose at all.<\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">How the F 13 Was Built<\/h2><p>The F 13 was a single-engined, low-wing cantilever monoplane. Its wing was built up on nine circular-section duralumin tubes acting as spars, with transverse bracing between them, and all of it was covered in Junkers' trademark corrugated duralumin skin. The corrugations stiffened the thin sheet and helped the structure resist torsion, so no external struts or wires were needed.<\/p><p>That thick wing was the heresy. Conventional wisdom in 1919 favoured thin profiles. Junkers' research showed that a deep section could carry the bracing inside it and still perform well across a wider range of speeds and climb rates. The wing came in three parts for transport, and the outer panels could be removed by two people in a few minutes.<\/p><p>The fuselage sat on top of the wing centre section, whose framework formed the floor of the cabin. That made a strong, light structure and put the main spar between the passengers and the ground in a crash landing. The cabin held four passengers in upholstered seats, with heating, windows and, unusually for the time, seat belts. The two pilots sat in front in an open cockpit; later versions enclosed it.<\/p><p>There were smaller clever touches, too. Instead of an adjustable tailplane, the F 13 used a trim tank near the tail, and the pilot pumped fuel to or from it to balance nose- or tail-heaviness. The wheels could be swapped for duralumin floats or for ski runners, which made the aircraft just as useful on a lake in Finland as on a grass field in Germany.<\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Performance and Engines<\/h2><p>The prototype flew with a 160 hp-class Mercedes D.IIIa six-cylinder inline engine. Early production machines used the BMW IIIa, and most F 13s were later powered by the Junkers L5 of around 300 hp. Wikipedia lists a maximum speed of 173 km\/h for the basic aircraft and around 198 km\/h for the L5-powered F 13fe, with a range of about 1,400 km.<\/p><p>Within three months of the first flight, the F 13 announced itself. On 13 September 1919, Monz climbed to 6,750 metres with eight people aboard, a height record that This Day in Aviation describes as unofficial.<\/p><p>Junkers made bold claims about durability, and the NACA circular repeated them with evident relish. Wooden aircraft fatigued, warped and needed costly hangars; the first F 13s, the company said, had flown daily since 1919 without losing performance, and some had stood out in snow and rain for months.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #1565c0;padding:20px 22px;margin:18px 0 24px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7\"><em>&ldquo;The termites, which are so destructive to wooden airplanes in tropical countries, cannot hurt metal airplanes. In short, the life of a metal airplane is practically unlimited.&rdquo;<\/em><div style=\"margin-top:10px;font-size:14px;color:#555\"><strong>Junkers company description of the F 13<\/strong> &mdash; Translated from the German by the NACA, Aircraft Circular No. 6, 1926<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">Sold Abroad Before It Could Fly at Home<\/h2><p>Postwar Germany was a hard place to sell aircraft. The Allied control commission restricted German aircraft building, and a total ban ran from 1921 into 1922. So Junkers looked abroad. According to German Wikipedia, the first production F 13 was sold on 29 October 1919 to John M. Larsen in the United States, where the type was marketed as the Junkers-Larsen JL-6. The US Post Office Department bought it for airmail.<\/p><p>Junkers also built demand himself. He set up his own airline, Junkers Luftverkehr, which by 1923 was flying 60 F 13s, and he offered the aircraft on cheap leases and even free loans. Some 16 operators across Europe took it up. When Junkers Luftverkehr merged into the new Deutsche Luft Hansa in 1926, its F 13s had flown 9.5 million miles, and Luft Hansa kept some in service until 1938.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0 6px\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/e2nZHmd7WFE\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin:0 0 24px;font-style:italic\">Period film of the Junkers F 13 in scheduled airline service in the 1920s.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The customer list reads like an atlas: SCADTA in Colombia, Lloyd A\u00e9reo Boliviano, Varig and Syndicato Condor in Brazil, Aerolot in Poland, AB Aerotransport in Sweden, airlines in Persia, Hungary, Finland, Iceland and South Africa. In Switzerland, Ad Astra Aero flew at least four F 13s from 1919. Production also ran at Danzig, Reval (Tallinn) and Fili near Moscow, where the Soviet-built version was called the Ju 13.<\/p><p>By 1925, according to both German Wikipedia and Junkers Aircraft's own company history, Junkers aircraft accounted for around 40 per cent of the world's air traffic network, overwhelmingly on F 13s. English Wikipedia gives a more cautious figure of over a third. Either way, no other airliner of the early 1920s came close.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/11\/junkers-f-13-first-all-metal-airliner-1919-hugo-junkers-1.jpg\" alt=\"Junkers F 13 with corrugated metal skin flying low over the rooftops of Tehran in the 1920s\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">Junkers F 13 R-RECI over Tehran, photographed by Swiss pioneer Walter Mittelholzer during his 1924-25 flight to Persia. Persia was one of the many export markets where the F 13 flew. Photo: Walter Mittelholzer, ETH-Bibliothek Zurich, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">A Long Service Life<\/h2><p>Exactly how many were built is uncertain. Most sources give around 320 between 1919 and 1932, but surviving Junkers documents and later reports range from 314 to 351. The F 13 also seeded a family: the W 33 and W 34 transports were developed from it, and the corrugated-skin formula ran all the way to the three-engined <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/junkers-ju-52\/\">Junkers Ju 52<\/a>.<\/p><p>Metal also meant longevity. The F 13 stayed in commercial service for more than thirty years; the last one was retired in Brazil in 1951. Five original airframes survive, all in museums: at the Mus\u00e9e de l'Air et de l'Espace at Le Bourget, the Tekniska museet in Stockholm, the Deutsches Museum in Munich, the Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada in Winnipeg, and the Transport Museum in Budapest.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0 6px\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wdcT5vd7-X0\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin:0 0 24px;font-style:italic\">The Deutsches Museum in Munich on its original Junkers F 13, D-366 (in German).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>The Budapest aircraft, CH 59, has the most dramatic past. In October 1921 the exiled former emperor Karl I of Austria used it to fly from Switzerland to Hungary in a failed attempt to reclaim the Hungarian throne. The Stockholm machine, SE-AAC, opened AB Aerotransport's Stockholm to Helsinki route in 1924 and later tested night mail flights, while the Munich aircraft spent decades in Afghanistan before being brought home in 1969.<\/p>\r\n<h2 style=\"padding-top:22px\">The F 13 Flies Again<\/h2><p>In 2009 a German-Swiss project began to build a new F 13, backed by luggage maker Rimowa and its chief executive Dieter Morszeck. The team worked from original drawings and a laser scan of the Le Bourget aircraft. The replica first flew on 15 September 2016 and was presented at D\u00fcbendorf near Zurich. Outwardly it follows the American JL-6, but it uses a Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior radial and carries modern radio and a transponder.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"margin:0 0 24px;width:100%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" width=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/11\/junkers-f-13-first-all-metal-airliner-1919-hugo-junkers-2.jpg\" alt=\"Silver Junkers F 13 replica with Swiss registration HB-RIM flying with landing gear extended against blue sky\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%;display:block\"><figcaption style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin-top:6px;font-style:italic\">The new-build Junkers F 13 HB-RIM from Junkers Flugzeugwerke at M\u00f6nchengladbach in September 2019. Outwardly it follows the American JL-6 version of the 1920s. Photo: Juergen Schiffmann, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Morszeck's company, now Junkers Aircraft, says small-series production of the F 13 began in 2018, with maintenance based at Altenrhein in eastern Switzerland. Reports at the 2016 launch put the price of each new F 13 at about $2.5 million.<\/p><p>More than a century on, the shape still looks modern in a way its fabric-covered contemporaries never do. A cantilever monoplane, an enclosed cabin and a metal airframe: that is the blueprint of every airliner since.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:56.25%;height:0;overflow:hidden;margin:24px 0 6px\"><iframe class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/x0U4t1GT8qk\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#777;text-align:center;margin:0 0 24px;font-style:italic\">Junkers Aircraft's film on the new-build F 13 replicas.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>In 1919 it was a corrugated four-seater from a heater factory in Dessau. Hugo Junkers had got there first.<\/p>\r\n<p><em>Sources: Wikipedia (Junkers F 13, English and German editions), NACA Aircraft Circular No. 6 (1926, via NASA NTRS), This Day in Aviation, 1000aircraftphotos.com (Johan Visschedijk), Junkers Aircraft company history, FLYING Magazine, CNN Travel, ETH-Bibliothek Zurich, Deutsches Museum<\/em><\/p>\r\n<!-- mfsh:bottom -->\r\n\r\n<button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-trigger mfsh-bottom\" data-mfsh-placement=\"bottom\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\"><svg><use href=\"#mfsh-i-share\"\/><\/svg>Share this story<\/button>\r\n\r\n<!-- \/mfsh:bottom -->\r\n\r\n<style>.mfq{margin:34px 0 8px}.mfq h2{font:26px\/1.3 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;padding-top:22px;margin:0 0 6px}.mfq .qa details{border-top:1px solid #5C91FF;margin:0;padding:0}.mfq .qa details:last-of-type{border-bottom:1px solid #e2e7ee}.mfq .qa summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;padding:22px 26px;font:18px\/1.7 \"Gilroy semiBold\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117}.mfq .qa summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.mfq .qa summary::after{content:\"+\";font:24px Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#3568e0;flex:0 0 auto}.mfq .qa details[open] summary::after{content:\"\\2013\"}.mfq .qa details:hover summary{color:#3568e0}.mfq .qa .a{font:16px\/1.7 \"Gilroy regular\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#454e5e;padding:0 26px 24px}.mfq .qa .a a{color:#3568e0}@media(max-width:680px){.mfq .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}.mfq .qa .a{padding:0 14px 20px}}<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n<section class=\"mfq\"><h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2><div class=\"qa\"><details open><summary>What was the Junkers F 13?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The Junkers F 13 was a German single-engined passenger monoplane that first flew on 25 June 1919 at Dessau. Designed by Otto Reuter for Hugo Junkers, it was the first all-metal aircraft built for commercial passenger service, with a duralumin structure, corrugated skin, cantilever wing and an enclosed cabin for four passengers.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why was the Junkers F 13 made of metal?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The Junkers F 13 was made of duralumin because Hugo Junkers believed metal was stronger, more consistent and longer-lasting than wood. Metal did not warp, rot or burn as easily, termites could not damage it, and parts could be made interchangeable. Earlier steel Junkers aircraft had proved too heavy, so the lighter aluminium alloy was chosen.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How many passengers did the Junkers F 13 carry?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">The Junkers F 13 carried four passengers in an enclosed, heated cabin with windows and seat belts, plus two crew in a cockpit in front, which was open on early versions. Some sources note room for a further passenger beside the pilot. Many F 13s also flew as mail or cargo aircraft, on floats or on skis.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How many Junkers F 13s were built?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">About 320 Junkers F 13s were built between 1919 and 1932, although sources disagree and give totals ranging from 314 to 351. Most were built at Dessau, with production also at Danzig, Reval and Fili near Moscow, where the Soviet-built version was known as the Ju 13. In the United States it was sold as the JL-6.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Where can you see a Junkers F 13 today?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">Five original Junkers F 13 airframes survive, all in museums: at the Mus\u00e9e de l'Air et de l'Espace at Le Bourget, the Tekniska museet in Stockholm, the Deutsches Museum in Munich, the Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada in Winnipeg, and the Transport Museum in Budapest, where the aircraft is currently in storage.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is the Junkers F 13 still being built?<\/summary><div class=\"a\">New-build Junkers F 13 replicas have been produced in Switzerland. A project backed by Rimowa and Dieter Morszeck began in 2009, and the first replica flew on 15 September 2016. It uses a Pratt &amp; Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior engine and modern radio. Junkers Aircraft says small-series production began in 2018.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What was the Junkers F 13?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Junkers F 13 was a German single-engined passenger monoplane that first flew on 25 June 1919 at Dessau. Designed by Otto Reuter for Hugo Junkers, it was the first all-metal aircraft built for commercial passenger service, with a duralumin structure, corrugated skin, cantilever wing and an enclosed cabin for four passengers.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why was the Junkers F 13 made of metal?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Junkers F 13 was made of duralumin because Hugo Junkers believed metal was stronger, more consistent and longer-lasting than wood. Metal did not warp, rot or burn as easily, termites could not damage it, and parts could be made interchangeable. Earlier steel Junkers aircraft had proved too heavy, so the lighter aluminium alloy was chosen.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How many passengers did the Junkers F 13 carry?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Junkers F 13 carried four passengers in an enclosed, heated cabin with windows and seat belts, plus two crew in a cockpit in front, which was open on early versions. Some sources note room for a further passenger beside the pilot. Many F 13s also flew as mail or cargo aircraft, on floats or on skis.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How many Junkers F 13s were built?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"About 320 Junkers F 13s were built between 1919 and 1932, although sources disagree and give totals ranging from 314 to 351. Most were built at Dessau, with production also at Danzig, Reval and Fili near Moscow, where the Soviet-built version was known as the Ju 13. In the United States it was sold as the JL-6.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Where can you see a Junkers F 13 today?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Five original Junkers F 13 airframes survive, all in museums: at the Mus\u00e9e de l'Air et de l'Espace at Le Bourget, the Tekniska museet in Stockholm, the Deutsches Museum in Munich, the Royal Aviation Museum of Western Canada in Winnipeg, and the Transport Museum in Budapest, where the aircraft is currently in storage.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Is the Junkers F 13 still being built?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"New-build Junkers F 13 replicas have been produced in Switzerland. A project backed by Rimowa and Dieter Morszeck began in 2009, and the first replica flew on 15 September 2016. It uses a Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior engine and modern radio. Junkers Aircraft says small-series production began in 2018.\"}}]}<\/script><div style=\"background:#f0f4ff;border-left:4px solid #5C91FF;padding:16px 20px;margin:32px 0 8px\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 8px;font-weight:600;color:#333\">Related Posts<\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/junkers-g-38-wing-cabins-giant-airliner\/\">Junkers G.38: The Airliner With Passenger Seats Inside the Wing<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/junkers-ju-52-tante-ju-switzerland-ju-air\/\">Auntie Ju: The Tante Ju's Swiss Farewell<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/ford-trimotor-tin-goose-stout-byrd-floyd-bennett-history\/\">Ford Trimotor: The Tin Goose That Taught America to Fly<\/a><\/p><p style=\"margin:4px 0\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/dornier-do-x-flying-boat-altenrhein-169-passengers-lake-zurich\/\">Dornier Do X: The Swiss-Built Flying Boat That Was the Jumbo of 1929<\/a><\/p><\/div>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Junkers F 13 of 1919 was the first all-metal airliner: a corrugated duralumin monoplane that flew with airlines worldwide for more than 30 years.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":31631678,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[665,666],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31631757","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aviation-world","category-history-and-legends"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Junkers F 13: The First All-Metal Airliner | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Junkers F 13 of 1919 was the first all-metal airliner: duralumin, corrugated skin, no bracing wires. 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