{"id":18074,"date":"2026-07-20T18:02:52","date_gmt":"2026-07-20T16:02:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/?page_id=18074"},"modified":"2026-08-02T10:35:11","modified_gmt":"2026-08-02T08:35:11","slug":"il-28-beagle","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ar\/aircraft\/il-28-beagle\/","title":{"rendered":"Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle \u2014 History, Specs &#038; Stories"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"mfam\">\n<style> @import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Lora:ital,wght@0,400;0,500;1,400;1,500&display=swap'); body.page-id-18074 h1.entry-title.main_title{display:none} body.page-id-18074 #main-content .container{padding-top:0} body.page-id-18074 #left-area{padding-bottom:0} html{overflow-x:hidden} body.page-id-18074{overflow-x:hidden} body.page-id-18074 #sidebar{display:none} body.page-id-18074 #left-area{width:100%!important;float:none;padding:0} #mfam{width:100vw;margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);background:#fff;color:#14181f;line-height:1.7;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;overflow:hidden; --bg2:#f6f8fb;--line:#e2e7ee;--txt:#14181f;--txt2:#454e5e;--txt3:#8b94a5;--blue:#5C91FF;--blue-ink:#3568e0;--blue-dim:rgba(92,145,255,.10)} #mfam *{margin:0;padding:0;box-sizing:border-box} #mfam h1,#mfam h2,#mfam h3,#mfam h4,#mfam h5,#mfam b,#mfam strong,#mfam summary,#mfam .stat b,#mfam dt,#mfam dd{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal} #mfam a{color:var(--blue-ink);text-decoration:none} #mfam img{display:block;max-width:100%} #mfam .wrap{max-width:1120px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 24px} #mfam h2{font-size:clamp(26px,3.4vw,36px);letter-spacing:-.5px;margin-bottom:8px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .kicker{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);margin-bottom:14px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam section{padding:64px 0} #mfam p{color:var(--txt2);font-size:16.5px;max-width:70ch} #mfam p+p{margin-top:1em} #mfam p strong{color:var(--txt)} #mfam .hero{position:relative;min-height:620px;height:76vh;max-height:860px;display:flex;align-items:flex-end;overflow:hidden;background:#10141d} #mfam .hero-media{position:absolute;inset:0} #mfam .hero-media img{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;object-position:center 45%;opacity:.92} #mfam .hero-media::after{content:\"\";position:absolute;inset:0;background:linear-gradient(to top,rgba(8,10,15,.78) 0%,rgba(8,10,15,.15) 55%,rgba(8,10,15,.02))} #mfam .hero-in{position:relative;width:100%;padding-bottom:52px} #mfam .crumb{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.7);text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:18px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .crumb a{color:rgba(255,255,255,.7)} #mfam .hero h1{font-size:clamp(40px,6.5vw,80px);letter-spacing:-1.5px;line-height:1.04;color:#fff} #mfam .hero h1 em{font-style:normal;color:var(--blue)} #mfam .hero .sub{font-size:clamp(16px,2vw,20px);color:rgba(255,255,255,.9);margin-top:14px;max-width:56ch;text-shadow:0 1px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.5)} #mfam .statstrip{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:1px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.25);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25);margin-top:36px} #mfam .stat{background:rgba(255,255,255,.95);padding:18px 22px} #mfam .stat b{display:block;font-size:clamp(20px,2.4vw,28px);color:#0d1117;letter-spacing:-.5px} #mfam .stat span{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} #mfam .credit{position:absolute;right:14px;bottom:8px;font-size:10px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55)} #mfam .chips{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;padding:26px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .chip{font-size:12.5px;padding:8px 16px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .chip b{color:var(--txt3);margin-right:6px;font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px} #mfam .chip:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .chip.fly{background:var(--blue-dim);border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .cols{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:56px;align-items:start} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .pull{font-family:'Lora',Georgia,serif;font-style:italic;font-size:24px;line-height:1.5;color:#0d1117;border-left:3px solid var(--blue);padding:6px 0 6px 26px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .pull cite{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:16px} #mfam .pull cite b{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .cards3{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:36px} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cards3{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .ecard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:28px;box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(13,17,23,.05)} #mfam .ecard .num{font-size:12px;color:var(--blue-ink);letter-spacing:2px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .ecard h3{font-size:19px;margin:10px 0;letter-spacing:-.3px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .ecard p{font-size:14.5px} #mfam .deepset{margin-top:34px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:0} #mfam details.deep{background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .deepset details.deep:first-of-type{border-top:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam details.deep[open]{border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam details.deep summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;padding:20px 8px;font-size:16.5px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:22px;color:#0d1117} #mfam details.deep summary .no{flex:none;width:52px;font-size:30px;letter-spacing:-1px;color:#d5dbe6;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam details.deep summary .t{flex:1} #mfam details.deep:hover summary .t{color:var(--blue-ink)}  #mfam details.deep summary::after{content:\"+\";font-size:24px;color:var(--blue-ink);flex:none;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam details.deep[open] summary::after{content:\"\u2013\"} #mfam details.deep .a{padding:0 8px 26px 74px;font-size:15px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:78ch} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam details.deep .a{padding-left:8px} #mfam details.deep summary .no{width:34px;font-size:22px}} #mfam details.deep .a p+p{margin-top:.9em} #mfam details.deep .a h5{font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#0d1117;margin:1.4em 0 .4em} #mfam details.deep .a img{margin:16px 0 6px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;padding:12px} #mfam summary{list-style:none} #mfam summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .specgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:20px;margin-top:36px} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .specgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .spectable{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .spectable h4{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;background:#0d1117;padding:18px 24px;margin:0} #mfam .spectable dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto} #mfam .spectable dt,#mfam .spectable dd{padding:12px 24px;font-size:14px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .spectable dt{color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .spectable dd{color:#0d1117;text-align:right} #mfam .spectable dt:nth-of-type(odd),#mfam .spectable dd:nth-of-type(odd){background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .tl{margin-top:40px;position:relative;padding-left:34px} #mfam .tl::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:8px;top:6px;bottom:6px;width:2px;background:var(--line)} #mfam .tl-item{position:relative;padding-bottom:34px} #mfam .tl-item::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:-32px;top:7px;width:14px;height:14px;background:#fff;border:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tl-item .yr{font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-ink);letter-spacing:1.5px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .tl-item h3{font-size:17px;margin:3px 0 5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tl-item p{font-size:14.5px} #mfam .car{position:relative;margin-top:30px} #mfam .cbtn{position:absolute;top:calc(50% - 22px);width:44px;height:44px;background:var(--blue);border:none;color:#fff;font-size:24px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;cursor:pointer;z-index:6;padding:0} #mfam .cbtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .cbtn.p{left:-8px} #mfam .cbtn.n{right:-8px} #mfam .track{display:flex;gap:16px;overflow-x:auto;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory;padding:4px 0 10px;scrollbar-width:none} #mfam .track::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none} #mfam .mscard{flex:0 0 340px;scroll-snap-align:start;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:26px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(13,17,23,.05)} #mfam .mscard .tag{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);margin-bottom:12px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mscard h4{font-size:17px;letter-spacing:-.2px;margin-bottom:8px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .mscard p{font-size:13.5px;flex:1} #mfam .mscard details{border:none;background:none} #mfam .mscard details summary{cursor:pointer;margin-top:16px;font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mscard details[open] summary{display:none} #mfam .mscard details .full{margin-top:14px;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .gal figure{flex:0 0 78%;max-width:640px;scroll-snap-align:start;overflow:hidden;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;margin:0} #mfam .gal .ph{aspect-ratio:16\/9;width:100%;object-fit:cover} #mfam .gal .phold{aspect-ratio:16\/9;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:8px;background:linear-gradient(160deg,#1a2233,#10141f);color:#8b94a5;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;text-align:center;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .gal figcaption{padding:14px 20px;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .gal figcaption span{color:var(--txt3);font-size:11.5px;display:block;margin-top:2px} #mfam .vidwrap{margin-top:30px;aspect-ratio:16\/9;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .vidwrap iframe{width:100%;height:100%;border:0;display:block} #mfam .vidwrap{margin-top:30px;aspect-ratio:16\/9;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .vidwrap iframe{width:100%;height:100%;border:0;display:block} #mfam .vid{position:relative;aspect-ratio:16\/9;overflow:hidden;border:1px solid var(--line);background:linear-gradient(160deg,#161d2c,#0d1119);display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:18px;margin-top:30px} #mfam .vid .play{width:78px;height:78px;background:var(--blue);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center} #mfam .vid p{font-size:13px;color:#8b94a5;text-align:center;max-width:52ch} #mfam .mapbox{margin-top:30px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--bg2);padding:60px 30px;text-align:center} #mfam .maplegend{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;justify-content:center;margin-top:24px} #mfam .maplegend span{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt2);background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:7px 15px} #mfam .dot{width:10px;height:10px;display:inline-block} #mfam .combat{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:34px} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .combat{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .cstat{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:4px solid var(--line);padding:30px;text-align:center;box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(13,17,23,.05)} #mfam .cstat b{display:block;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:-1px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .cstat.zero{border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cstat.zero b{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .cstat span{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .qa{margin-top:30px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px} #mfam .qa details{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .qa details[open]{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qa summary{cursor:pointer;padding:20px 24px;font-size:16px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .qa summary::after{content:\"+\";font-size:24px;color:var(--blue-ink);flex:none;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qa details[open] summary::after{content:\"\u2013\"} #mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 24px 22px;font-size:15px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:75ch} #mfam .ad{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 40px} #mfam .ad .adin{max-width:900px;margin:0 auto;text-align:center} #mfam .ad .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ad h2{margin-bottom:12px;color:#fff} #mfam .ad .adp{margin:0 auto 26px;color:#9aa3b8} #mfam .flycard{flex:0 0 240px;scroll-snap-align:start;background:#151b26;border:1px solid #232b3d;padding:22px;text-align:center} #mfam .flycard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .flycard .fico{height:64px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin-bottom:14px} #mfam .flycard .fico svg{height:52px;width:auto} #mfam .flycard b{display:block;font-size:16px;color:#fff;margin-bottom:4px} #mfam .flycard span{font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5} #mfam .btn{display:inline-block;background:var(--blue);color:#fff;font-size:14px;letter-spacing:.5px;padding:16px 36px;margin-top:28px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .btn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .relgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:34px} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .rel{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:26px;box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(13,17,23,.05)} #mfam .rel:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .rel .rk{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .rel h3{font-size:19px;margin:8px 0 6px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .rel p{font-size:13.5px} #mfam .rel .go{display:inline-block;margin-top:14px;font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .srclist{margin-top:26px;columns:2;column-gap:48px;list-style:none;font-size:14px} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .srclist{columns:1}} #mfam .srclist li{margin-bottom:10px;break-inside:avoid;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .srclist li span{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;display:block} #mfam .finenote{margin-top:30px;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .divider{border:none;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:0} #mfam .rel .rh{display:block;font-size:19px;margin:8px 0 6px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .rel .rp{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .rel .rk,#mfam .rel .go{display:block} #mfam .rel .go{margin-top:14px} #mfam .fico{display:flex;height:64px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin-bottom:14px} #mfam .relgrid>p,#mfam .track>p{display:contents}  body.page-id-18074 #main-content .container::before{display:none!important;background:none!important} #mfam p{font-size:17px} #mfam .kicker{font-size:12.5px} #mfam .qa summary{font-size:18px;padding:22px 26px} #mfam .qa details .a{font-size:16px;padding:0 26px 24px;max-width:78ch} #mfam details.deep summary{font-size:17.5px} #mfam details.deep .a{font-size:16px} #mfam .mscard h4{font-size:18px} #mfam .mscard p{font-size:15px} #mfam .mscard .tag{font-size:11.5px} #mfam .mscard details summary{font-size:14px} #mfam .mscard details .full{font-size:15px} #mfam .ecard h3{font-size:20px} #mfam .ecard p{font-size:15.5px} #mfam .spectable dt,#mfam .spectable dd{font-size:15px} #mfam .tl-item h3{font-size:18px} #mfam .tl-item p{font-size:15.5px} #mfam .gal figcaption{font-size:14.5px} #mfam .gal figcaption span{font-size:12.5px} #mfam .chip{font-size:13.5px} #mfam .stat span{font-size:11.5px} #mfam .flycard b{font-size:17px} #mfam .flycard span{font-size:13.5px} #mfam .rel .rh{font-size:20px} #mfam .rel .rp{font-size:15px} #mfam .rel .go{font-size:14px} #mfam .srclist{font-size:15px} #mfam .srclist li span{font-size:13.5px} #mfam .finenote{font-size:13.5px} #mfam .maplegend span{font-size:13.5px} #mfam .vid p{font-size:14px} #mfam .cstat span{font-size:12.5px} #mfam .btn{font-size:15px}  #mfam .spectable dt,#mfam .spectable dd{font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal} #mfam .spectable dd{color:#0d1117}  #mfam .fico img{height:72px;width:auto;max-width:192px;filter:drop-shadow(0 0 2px rgba(220,232,248,.5))} #mfam .flycard .fico{height:76px} #mfam .btn{font-size:17px;padding:18px 40px} span.chip{cursor:default} \/*mobfix1*\/@media(max-width:767px){#mfam .hero{height:auto;min-height:0;max-height:none;padding-top:96px}#mfam .car{padding-top:60px}#mfam .cbtn{top:0;bottom:auto}#mfam .cbtn.p{left:auto;right:52px}#mfam .cbtn.n{right:0}}<\/style>\n<p> <script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Can I fly in an Il-28?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"No. The Il-28 is a retired Cold-War military bomber with no public passenger-flight programme, so you cannot book a ride in one. You can, however, fly in several genuine military jets today via MiGFlug.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What was the Ilyushin Il-28?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Il-28 (NATO reporting name Beagle) was the Soviet Union's first mass-produced jet bomber. Designed by the Ilyushin bureau, it first flew in 1948 and entered service around 1950. It was a simple, rugged straight-winged tactical bomber built in very large numbers.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the difference between the Il-28 and the Harbin H-5?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Il-28 is the original Soviet aircraft. The Harbin H-5 is China's version, re-derived and produced from the mid-1960s after the Sino-Soviet split. The H-5 was substantially reworked, with a revised structure, locally built WP-5 engines and a different tail turret, rather than an identical copy. Both are the same basic aircraft.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why were Il-28s part of the Cuban Missile Crisis?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"During the 1962 crisis the Soviet Union shipped nuclear-capable Il-28 bombers to Cuba alongside its ballistic missiles. Because the Il-28 could carry a nuclear bomb and reach parts of the United States, Washington treated them as offensive weapons and insisted they be withdrawn along with the missiles. Moscow ordered their removal in November 1962.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How many Il-28s were built?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Commonly cited figures put Soviet production at more than 6,000 aircraft, with the Chinese Harbin H-5 adding several hundred to over a thousand more depending on the source. Exact totals are uncertain, so treat all production figures as approximate.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who used the Il-28 in combat?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Egypt was the largest combat user, in the 1956 Suez Crisis, the North Yemen civil war and the 1967 Six-Day War, where many were destroyed on the ground. A small number flew in the Nigerian civil war over Biafra, and the type served with North Korea, Afghanistan, Syria, Iraq and others.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Is the Il-28 still in service?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"It has been retired by nearly all operators. Romania withdrew its fleet around 2001, and North Korea is still commonly listed as an operator decades after the type left Soviet service, though how many remain airworthy is unclear.\"}}]}<\/script> <\/p>\n<header class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"hero-media\"><img data-opt-id=856174064  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:Xtu-.c975\/w:1440\/h:1080\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle.jpg\"  src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201536%201152%22%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221152%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221152%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle Soviet jet bomber\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/\">Aircraft Museum<\/a> \u203a <span>Jet Bomber<\/span> \u203a <span>Il-28 Beagle<\/span><\/div>\n<h1>Ilyushin Il-28<br \/><em>\u201cBeagle\u201d<\/em><\/h1>\n<p class=\"sub\">The Soviet Union\u2019s first mass-produced jet bomber \u2014 a simple, rugged straight-winged aircraft built in thousands, licence-rebuilt in China as the Harbin H-5, and exported to air forces across three continents.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1948<\/b><span>First flight \u00b7 in service from 1950<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>~6,000+<\/b><span>Built in the USSR \u00b7 among the most-produced jet bombers<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>~900 km\/h<\/b><span>Top speed \u00b7 2 \u00d7 Klimov VK-1 turbojets<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>3<\/b><span>Crew \u00b7 pilot, navigator, tail gunner<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"credit\">Photo: Alan Wilson \/ Wikimedia Commons \u00b7 CC BY-SA 2.0<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Role<\/b>Tactical \/ light jet bomber<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Era<\/b>Early Cold War<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Engine<\/b>2 \u00d7 Klimov VK-1 turbojets<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Origin<\/b>USSR \u00b7 Ilyushin (OKB-240)<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Retired<\/span><a class=\"chip fly\" href=\"#faq\">Want to fly a fighter jet yourself?<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The Story<\/div>\n<h2>The Soviet Union\u2019s first mass-produced jet bomber<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<p>In the years after 1945 the Soviet Air Force needed to replace its piston-engine tactical bombers, above all the wartime Tupolev Tu-2, with something built around the new jet engine. The task fell to the <strong>Ilyushin design bureau (OKB-240)<\/strong> under Sergei Ilyushin. Its answer was deliberately conservative: a clean, straight-winged aircraft with two engines slung in underwing nacelles, a glazed nose for the navigator and a defended tail. The prototype first flew on <strong>8 July 1948<\/strong>, and the type entered Soviet service around <strong>1950<\/strong> as the <strong>Il-28<\/strong> \u2014 the first jet bomber to reach the Soviet bomber regiments in quantity.<\/p>\n<p>The engines mattered as much as the airframe. The Il-28 was powered by two <strong>Klimov VK-1<\/strong> centrifugal turbojets, a Soviet development of the British <strong>Rolls-Royce Nene<\/strong>, samples of which Britain had sold to the USSR in 1946\u201347. Reliable and well understood, the VK-1 gave the bomber a top speed of roughly <strong>900 km\/h<\/strong> without the risks of unproven swept-wing research. Combined with a robust, bolt-together airframe that was easy to build and to repair in the field, this made the Il-28 cheap to mass-produce \u2014 commonly cited figures put Soviet output at <strong>more than 6,000 aircraft<\/strong>, with several thousand more of the Chinese version.<\/p>\n<p>That simplicity turned the Beagle, as NATO named it, into one of the most widely exported bombers of the early Cold War. It served across the Warsaw Pact \u2014 from Poland and Czechoslovakia to Romania and Bulgaria \u2014 and was supplied to the Middle East, Asia and Africa. Egypt used it in the 1956 Suez Crisis and again in 1967, when many were destroyed on the ground; a handful fought in the Nigerian civil war over Biafra; and in China the design was reverse-engineered and re-produced as the <strong>Harbin H-5<\/strong>, keeping the basic aircraft in service and in export markets for decades. Nuclear-capable Il-28s shipped to Cuba even became a sticking point in the <strong>1962 Cuban Missile Crisis<\/strong>, when the United States insisted they be withdrawn alongside the ballistic missiles.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pull\">Conservative by design, built by the thousand, and flown on three continents \u2014 the bomber that took the Soviet Air Force into the jet age.<cite><b>The Il-28 story<\/b> \u2014 from Tu-2 replacement to global export<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"deepset\">\n<details class=\"deep\">\n<summary><span class=\"no\">01<\/span><span class=\"t\">The Ilyushin Il-28\u2019s British heart: how a Rolls-Royce Nene ended up in a Soviet bomber<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">\n<p>In 1946\u201347 the British government approved the export of a small number of Rolls-Royce Nene and Derwent centrifugal-flow jet engines to the Soviet Union \u2014 a decision later regarded in Britain as a serious strategic misjudgement. Soviet engineers under Vladimir Klimov reverse-engineered the Nene as the RD-45 and then developed it into the improved <strong>VK-1<\/strong>. That engine powered both the MiG-15 fighter and the Il-28 bomber, giving the early Soviet jet fleet a proven, reliable powerplant far sooner than domestic development alone would have allowed.<\/p>\n<p>For the Il-28 the choice was pragmatic. A centrifugal engine was bulkier than the axial designs that would follow, but it was rugged, well understood and easy to build in numbers \u2014 exactly the qualities Ilyushin wanted in a bomber meant for mass production and hard field service. The Chinese H-5 later used a locally built VK-1 derivative, the WP-5.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Design &amp; Engineering<\/div>\n<h2>What makes it special<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cards3\">\n<div class=\"ecard\">\n<div class=\"num\">01<\/div>\n<h3>A straight wing and two Nene-derived engines<\/h3>\n<p>Rather than gamble on the swept wings then being explored, Ilyushin gave the Il-28 a simple <strong>unswept high-mounted wing<\/strong> and two <strong>Klimov VK-1<\/strong> centrifugal turbojets \u2014 each about <strong>26.5 kN (5,950 lbf)<\/strong> \u2014 in large underwing nacelles. The layout was conservative but dependable, delivering near-transonic speed with engines that were easy to build, maintain and overhaul in the field.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ecard\">\n<div class=\"num\">02<\/div>\n<h3>A glazed nose and pressurised crew stations<\/h3>\n<p>The three-man crew sat in <strong>pressurised compartments<\/strong>: the pilot under a fighter-style canopy, the <strong>navigator\/bombardier in a fully glazed nose<\/strong> with an optical bombsight, and the radio operator\/gunner in the tail. Pilot and navigator had ejection seats \u2014 an advanced survivability feature for a design of the late 1940s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ecard\">\n<div class=\"num\">03<\/div>\n<h3>A powered tail turret for self-defence<\/h3>\n<p>Unusually for a tactical bomber, the Il-28 carried a <strong>powered tail turret<\/strong> \u2014 commonly designated Il-K6 \u2014 with <strong>two 23 mm cannon<\/strong> giving all-aspect rearward defensive fire, plus two fixed forward-firing 23 mm guns. Combined with a modular, bolt-together airframe built for mass production, it made the Beagle both defensible and exportable.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"deepset\">\n<details class=\"deep\">\n<summary><span class=\"no\">02<\/span><span class=\"t\">The Il-28 Beagle\u2019s crew layout: the glazed nose, the ejection seats and the lone tail gunner<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">\n<p>The Il-28 was flown by a crew of three, split between separate pressurised sections. Up front the pilot sat beneath a bubble canopy with an armoured windscreen. Ahead and below him, in the fully glazed nose, the navigator doubled as bombardier, aiming through an optical sight. Both men had ejection seats. The third crewman, in the tail, operated the radio and the defensive gun turret \u2014 but had no ejection seat, relying instead on an escape hatch. The arrangement reflected the aircraft\u2019s late-1940s origins: modern enough to protect the two forward crew with ejection seats, yet leaving the gunner in the older position of the wartime bomber.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"deep\">\n<summary><span class=\"no\">03<\/span><span class=\"t\">The Il-28 Beagle\u2019s bolt-together airframe: why simplicity made it a global bomber<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">\n<p>Much of the Il-28\u2019s long career comes down to how it was built. The airframe was designed for straightforward mass production, assembled from sections that bolted together, with systems that were simple to service. That made it cheap to build in Soviet factories and, just as importantly, easy to keep flying in less-industrialised air forces with limited maintenance infrastructure. The same qualities let China re-derive the design as the Harbin H-5 and keep it in production and service long after Soviet output ended. It is a clear example of an aircraft whose ruggedness and simplicity, rather than raw performance, defined its place in history.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Technical Data<\/div>\n<h2>Full specifications<\/h2>\n<p style=\"max-width:70ch;margin:-6px 0 22px;color:#5a6472\">Figures are for the standard Soviet-built <strong>Il-28<\/strong> bomber. Sources vary on weights and production totals; contested values are hedged below. The Chinese Harbin H-5 differed in detail (revised structure, WP-5 engines, a different tail turret).<\/p>\n<div class=\"specgrid\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Airframe &amp; Performance<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Crew<\/dt>\n<dd>3 (pilot, navigator\/bombardier, tail gunner)<\/dd>\n<dt>Length<\/dt>\n<dd>17.65 m (57 ft 11 in)<\/dd>\n<dt>Wingspan<\/dt>\n<dd>21.45 m (70 ft 4 in)<\/dd>\n<dt>Height<\/dt>\n<dd>6.7 m (22 ft)<\/dd>\n<dt>Wing area<\/dt>\n<dd>~60.8 m\u00b2 (654 sq ft)<\/dd>\n<dt>Max takeoff weight<\/dt>\n<dd>~21,200 kg; some sources up to ~23,200 kg<\/dd>\n<dt>Max speed<\/dt>\n<dd>~900 km\/h (~560 mph) at altitude<\/dd>\n<dt>Service ceiling<\/dt>\n<dd>~12,300 m (~40,400 ft)<\/dd>\n<dt>Range<\/dt>\n<dd>~2,180 km (~1,350 mi)<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Propulsion, Armament &amp; Cost<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Engines<\/dt>\n<dd>2 \u00d7 Klimov VK-1 centrifugal turbojets<\/dd>\n<dt>Thrust (each)<\/dt>\n<dd>~26.5 kN (~5,950 lbf)<\/dd>\n<dt>Bomb load<\/dt>\n<dd>~1,000 kg typical, ~3,000 kg maximum<\/dd>\n<dt>Defensive guns<\/dt>\n<dd>Tail turret (Il-K6) with 2 \u00d7 23 mm; 2 fixed forward 23 mm<\/dd>\n<dt>First flight<\/dt>\n<dd>8 July 1948<\/dd>\n<dt>Built<\/dt>\n<dd>~6,000+ in the USSR (6,600+ incl. Chinese H-5)<\/dd>\n<dt>Chinese version<\/dt>\n<dd>Harbin H-5 (from ~1967)<\/dd>\n<dt>Cost per flight hour<\/dt>\n<dd>Not publicly documented (Soviet-era programme)<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"deepset\">\n<details class=\"deep\">\n<summary><span class=\"no\">04<\/span><span class=\"t\">The Ilyushin Il-28\u2019s cost and production: why a simple bomber was built in the thousands<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">\n<p>Unlike Western aircraft, the Il-28 has no reliable published unit price or cost-per-flight-hour \u2014 Soviet programme economics were not disclosed and any dollar figure would be a guess. What is clear is that the design was optimised for cheap mass production. Commonly cited figures put Soviet output at <strong>more than 6,000 aircraft<\/strong>, with the Chinese Harbin H-5 adding several hundred to well over a thousand more depending on the source. That scale, rather than any single flyaway cost, is the meaningful economic fact: the Il-28 was affordable enough to equip the Soviet Air Force and a long list of client states, and simple enough to keep flying for decades. Treat all production totals as approximate; sources differ.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>From Tu-2 replacement to Cold War export<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1947<\/div>\n<h3>Requirement issued<\/h3>\n<p>The Soviet Air Force calls for a jet bomber to replace the piston-engine Tupolev Tu-2; Ilyushin\u2019s OKB-240 begins design work.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1948<\/div>\n<h3>First flight<\/h3>\n<p>The prototype makes its maiden flight on 8 July 1948, initially powered by imported Rolls-Royce Nene engines.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1950<\/div>\n<h3>Enters service<\/h3>\n<p>The Il-28 reaches Soviet bomber regiments \u2014 the first jet bomber in widespread Soviet service \u2014 alongside trainer (Il-28U) and reconnaissance (Il-28R) variants.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1956<\/div>\n<h3>Suez Crisis<\/h3>\n<p>Egyptian Il-28s are among the targets struck on the ground during the 1956 Suez Crisis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1962<\/div>\n<h3>Cuban Missile Crisis<\/h3>\n<p>Nuclear-capable Il-28s shipped to Cuba become a sticking point; the US demands their removal alongside the missiles, and they are withdrawn by late 1962.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1967<\/div>\n<h3>Six-Day War &amp; Biafra<\/h3>\n<p>Many Egyptian and Syrian Il-28s are destroyed on the ground in the opening Israeli strikes; the same year, a few Il-28s enter the Nigerian civil war over Biafra.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1967<\/div>\n<h3>Harbin H-5 in production<\/h3>\n<p>China begins series production of its re-derived version, the Harbin H-5, keeping the design in service and export long after Soviet output ends.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1980s<\/div>\n<h3>Retired from Soviet first line<\/h3>\n<p>The Il-28 is withdrawn from front-line Soviet units, though many serve on in export air forces and in secondary roles.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2000s+<\/div>\n<h3>Long afterlife<\/h3>\n<p>Romania retires its fleet around 2001; North Korea is still commonly listed as an operator decades later, making the Beagle one of the longest-serving early jet bombers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Stories &amp; Eyewitnesses<\/div>\n<h2>Twelve Il-28 Beagle stories<\/h2>\n<div class=\"car\"><button class=\"cbtn p\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('stcar').scrollBy({left:-712,behavior:'smooth'})\">\u2039<\/button><button class=\"cbtn n\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('stcar').scrollBy({left:712,behavior:'smooth'})\">\u203a<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"track\" id=\"stcar\">\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Origins<\/div>\n<h4>The bomber that jetted the Soviet Air Force<\/h4>\n<p>Built to replace the piston Tu-2, the Il-28 became the USSR\u2019s first mass jet bomber.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">After 1945 the Soviet Air Force needed a jet successor to its wartime Tupolev Tu-2 tactical bombers. Ilyushin\u2019s straight-winged Il-28, first flown in 1948 and in service by 1950, filled that gap and became the first jet bomber to equip Soviet units in quantity. Its conservative design was a deliberate choice: proven, buildable and dependable, rather than experimental.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Engines<\/div>\n<h4>A British engine at its core<\/h4>\n<p>The Il-28\u2019s Klimov VK-1 engines descended from the Rolls-Royce Nene sold to the USSR in 1946\u201347.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">In one of the Cold War\u2019s stranger technology transfers, Britain approved the sale of a batch of Rolls-Royce Nene jet engines to the Soviet Union in 1946\u201347. Soviet engineers copied and improved them as the RD-45 and then the VK-1, which powered both the MiG-15 and the Il-28. A British-derived engine thus sat at the heart of the Soviet Union\u2019s first jet bomber.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Glazed nose<\/div>\n<h4>The navigator\u2019s greenhouse<\/h4>\n<p>The Il-28\u2019s fully glazed nose gave the navigator\/bombardier a panoramic aiming position.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">The most distinctive feature of the Il-28 is the extensively glazed nose, where the navigator doubled as bombardier and aimed through an optical sight. Pressurised and set ahead of the pilot, it echoed wartime bomber practice but carried it into the jet age. The layout gave a clear forward and downward view for visual bombing, the standard method of the era.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Tail gunner<\/div>\n<h4>The lone crewman facing backwards<\/h4>\n<p>The Il-28 kept a manned tail turret with twin 23 mm cannon for self-defence.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">Where later jet bombers dropped defensive guns, the Il-28 retained a powered tail turret \u2014 commonly the Il-K6 \u2014 with two 23 mm cannon. The third crew member sat in the tail operating the radio and the guns. Unlike the pilot and navigator, he had no ejection seat, relying on an escape hatch, a reminder of the aircraft\u2019s late-1940s design roots.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Cuba 1962<\/div>\n<h4>A flashpoint in the missile crisis<\/h4>\n<p>Nuclear-capable Il-28s in Cuba became a sticking point the US demanded be resolved.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">During the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis the Soviet Union shipped Il-28 bombers to Cuba as well as ballistic missiles. Because the Il-28 could carry a nuclear bomb and reach US territory, Washington classed them as offensive weapons and pressed for their removal along with the missiles. The bombers became one of the last points settled: Moscow ordered them withdrawn in November 1962.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Harbin H-5<\/div>\n<h4>China rebuilds the Beagle<\/h4>\n<p>After the Sino-Soviet split, China re-derived the Il-28 as the Harbin H-5.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">China had operated and repaired Soviet Il-28s in the 1950s. After the Sino-Soviet split cut off support, Chinese industry re-derived the design and put it into series production at Harbin as the H-5 from the mid-1960s. Sources describe a substantially reworked aircraft \u2014 revised structure, locally built WP-5 engines and a different tail turret \u2014 that kept the type in Chinese service and export for decades.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Biafra<\/div>\n<h4>A handful over a civil war<\/h4>\n<p>A small number of Il-28s flew in the Nigerian civil war over Biafra, 1967\u201370.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">During the Nigerian civil war, the Federal side fielded a small number of Il-28s \u2014 reportedly ex-Egyptian and Soviet aircraft \u2014 often flown by foreign or Egyptian crews. Their bombing of Biafran targets became one of the more controversial aspects of the air war. The episode illustrates how widely the cheap, exportable Beagle spread into conflicts far from its origins.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Egypt 1967<\/div>\n<h4>Caught on the ground<\/h4>\n<p>Many Egyptian Il-28s were destroyed on the ground in the first hours of the Six-Day War.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">Egypt was the largest combat operator of the Il-28, and its bombers were a priority target for Israel. In the opening strikes of the June 1967 Six-Day War, Israeli aircraft caught much of the Egyptian and Syrian air forces on the ground, and numerous Il-28s were destroyed before they could fly. It was a stark demonstration of the vulnerability of exposed bombers to a pre-emptive strike.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">North Korea<\/div>\n<h4>The living fossil<\/h4>\n<p>North Korea is still commonly listed as an Il-28\/H-5 operator in the 21st century.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">Decades after the type left Soviet service, North Korea is still cited as operating Il-28s and Chinese H-5s, making the Beagle one of the longest-serving early jet bombers anywhere. How many remain airworthy is unclear, but the type\u2019s presence on North Korean order-of-battle lists underlines just how durable the simple 1940s design proved to be.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Variants<\/div>\n<h4>Recon, trainer and torpedo Beagles<\/h4>\n<p>The Il-28 spawned reconnaissance, training and naval torpedo versions.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">Beyond the standard bomber, the Il-28 family included the Il-28R photo-reconnaissance aircraft, the Il-28U dual-control trainer with a second nose cockpit, and the Il-28T naval torpedo bomber. Others were adapted for electronic and target-towing duties. This spread of roles helped keep the type in service and made it useful to a wide range of operators.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Finland<\/div>\n<h4>The Beagle that sampled the air<\/h4>\n<p>Finland flew a handful of Il-28s on survey and air-sampling duties into the 1980s.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">Finland operated a small number of Il-28s \u2014 a bomber and several reconnaissance aircraft \u2014 from 1960 into the early 1980s. Rather than as bombers, the Finnish Air Force used them for aerial photography, maritime surveillance and sampling the atmosphere for radioactivity. Nicknamed locally, they were among the last of the type in European service.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Longevity<\/div>\n<h4>Simplicity as a superpower<\/h4>\n<p>The Il-28\u2019s ruggedness, not its speed, made it one of the most widely exported bombers.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full story<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">The Il-28 was never the fastest or most advanced bomber of its generation, and it was soon overtaken by swept-wing designs. Yet its combination of low cost, easy production and simple maintenance made it enormously successful in export terms, serving dozens of air forces across the Warsaw Pact, the Middle East, Asia and Africa. It is a case study in how ruggedness and simplicity can outlast raw performance.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Gallery<\/div>\n<h2>The Beagle in pictures<\/h2>\n<div class=\"car\"><button class=\"cbtn p\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('gal').scrollBy({left:-660,behavior:'smooth'})\">\u2039<\/button><button class=\"cbtn n\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('gal').scrollBy({left:660,behavior:'smooth'})\">\u203a<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"track gal\" id=\"gal\">\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:1536\/h:1024\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle-three-quarter.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=1949981009  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:768\/h:512\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle-three-quarter.jpg\"  class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20768%20512%22%20width%3D%22768%22%20height%3D%22512%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22768%22%20height%3D%22512%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"An Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle preserved on display, showing the twin underwing engine nacelles.\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>An Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle preserved on display, showing the twin underwing engine nacelles.<span>Photo: Alan Wilson \/ Wikimedia Commons \u00b7 CC BY-SA 2.0<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:1536\/h:1024\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle-red-01.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=867128421  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:768\/h:512\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle-red-01.jpg\"  class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20768%20512%22%20width%3D%22768%22%20height%3D%22512%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22768%22%20height%3D%22512%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"An Il-28 Beagle in side profile  the clean straight wing and slim fuselage of the Soviet jet bomber.\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>An Il-28 Beagle in side profile \u2014 the clean straight wing and slim fuselage of the Soviet jet bomber.<span>Photo: Alan Wilson \/ Wikimedia Commons \u00b7 CC BY-SA 2.0<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:720\/h:1080\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle-tail-turret.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=1744024584  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:720\/h:1080\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle-tail-turret.jpg\"  class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20768%201152%22%20width%3D%22768%22%20height%3D%221152%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22768%22%20height%3D%221152%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"The Il-28s powered tail turret, with twin 23 mm cannon for rearward defence.\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>The Il-28\u2019s powered tail turret, with twin 23 mm cannon for rearward defence.<span>Photo: Alan Wilson \/ Wikimedia Commons \u00b7 CC BY-SA 2.0<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:1536\/h:853\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle-east-german.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=2045064622  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:768\/h:427\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle-east-german.jpg\"  class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20768%20427%22%20width%3D%22768%22%20height%3D%22427%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22768%22%20height%3D%22427%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"An Il-28 in former East German air force markings  the Beagle equipped much of the Warsaw Pact.\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>An Il-28 in former East German air force markings \u2014 the Beagle equipped much of the Warsaw Pact.<span>Photo: Ad Meskens \/ Wikimedia Commons \u00b7 CC BY-SA 4.0<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:1536\/h:1024\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle-preserved.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=561321019  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:768\/h:512\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle-preserved.jpg\"  class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20768%20512%22%20width%3D%22768%22%20height%3D%22512%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22768%22%20height%3D%22512%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"A preserved Il-28 Beagle mounted for display, its glazed nose clearly visible.\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>A preserved Il-28 Beagle mounted for display, its glazed nose clearly visible.<span>Photo: Dmitry A. Mottl \/ Wikimedia Commons \u00b7 CC BY-SA 3.0<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:1536\/h:1023\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle-museum.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=670685618  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:768\/h:511\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle-museum.jpg\"  class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20768%20511%22%20width%3D%22768%22%20height%3D%22511%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22768%22%20height%3D%22511%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"A preserved Il-28 tactical bomber in a museum collection.\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>A preserved Il-28 tactical bomber in a museum collection.<span>Photo: Falk2 \/ Wikimedia Commons \u00b7 CC BY-SA 4.0<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Watch<\/div>\n<h2>The Il-28 Beagle in motion<\/h2>\n<p style=\"max-width:70ch;color:#5a6472\">A curated video feature for the Il-28 Beagle is <strong>coming soon<\/strong>. In the meantime, explore the photo gallery above and the operations map below.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Operations<\/div>\n<h2>Where the Il-28 flew<\/h2>\n<div id=\"sr71-map-widget\" style=\"font-family:'Gilroy semiBold','Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,Lucida,sans-serif;max-width:1080px;width:100%;\">\n<div id=\"sr71-map-container\" style=\"width:100%;position:relative\"><svg id=\"sr71-map-svg\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block\"><\/svg><\/p>\n<div id=\"sr71-tooltip\" style=\"position:fixed;background:#1a1a2e;color:#fff;padding:10px 16px;border-radius:6px;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:.3px;pointer-events:auto;opacity:0;transition:opacity .15s;z-index:1000;max-width:360px;line-height:1.5\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sr71-controls\" style=\"display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;margin-top:12px;\"> <button class=\"sr71-toggle active\" data-cat=\"migflug\" data-full=\"USSR\/Russia - designer and first operator of the Il-28\" data-short=\"Origin\" style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:8px 12px;border:2px solid #5C91FF;border-radius:0;background:#fff;cursor:pointer;font-family:inherit;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:#1a1a2e;white-space:nowrap;transition:all .25s\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"width:14px;height:14px;border-radius:3px;flex-shrink:0;background:#5C91FF\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"sr71-label\">Origin &amp; first operator<\/span><span class=\"sr71-check\" style=\"font-size:10px;opacity:1;transition:opacity .2s\">\u2713<\/span><\/button> <button class=\"sr71-toggle active\" data-cat=\"combat\" data-full=\"Combat use: Egypt (Suez, Yemen, 1967), North Korea, Nigeria\/Biafra\" data-short=\"Combat\" style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:8px 12px;border:2px solid #6B8E23;border-radius:0;background:#fff;cursor:pointer;font-family:inherit;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:#1a1a2e;white-space:nowrap;transition:all .25s\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"width:14px;height:14px;border-radius:3px;flex-shrink:0;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#4A6741 25%,#6B8E23 25%,#6B8E23 50%,#556B2F 50%,#556B2F 75%,#8B9D77 75%);background-size:8px 8px\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"sr71-label\">Combat operations<\/span><span class=\"sr71-check\" style=\"font-size:10px;opacity:1;transition:opacity .2s\">\u2713<\/span><\/button> <button class=\"sr71-toggle\" data-cat=\"current\" data-full=\"Surviving Airframes on Display\" data-short=\"Museums\" style=\"display: none; align-items: center; gap: 6px; padding: 8px 12px; border: 2px solid rgb(85, 85, 85); border-radius: 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 600; color: rgb(26, 26, 46); white-space: nowrap; transition: 0.25s;\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"width:14px;height:14px;border-radius:3px;flex-shrink:0;background:#555\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"sr71-label\"><\/span><span class=\"sr71-check\" style=\"font-size:10px;opacity:1;transition:opacity .2s\">\u2713<\/span><\/button> <button class=\"sr71-toggle active\" data-cat=\"former\" data-full=\"Former operators across the Warsaw Pact, Middle East, Asia and Africa\" data-short=\"Former\" style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:8px 12px;border:2px solid #bbb;border-radius:0;background:#fff;cursor:pointer;font-family:inherit;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:#1a1a2e;white-space:nowrap;transition:all .25s\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"width:14px;height:14px;border-radius:3px;flex-shrink:0;background:#C0C0C0\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"sr71-label\">Former operators<\/span><span class=\"sr71-check\" style=\"font-size:10px;opacity:1;transition:opacity .2s\">\u2713<\/span><\/button> <\/div>\n<div id=\"sr71-count\" style=\"text-align:left;font-size:14px;color:#666;margin-top:12px;line-height:1.7;width:100%\"><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<style> #sr71-map-widget .sr71-toggle:hover{border-color:#999!important} #sr71-map-widget .sr71-toggle:not(.active){color:#999!important;border-color:#E0E0E0!important} #sr71-map-widget .sr71-toggle:not(.active) .sr71-check{opacity:0!important} #sr71-map-widget .country{fill:#E8ECF1;stroke:#C8D0DA;stroke-width:.4;transition:fill .3s,stroke .3s} #sr71-map-widget .country:hover{stroke-width:1;stroke:#999} #sr71-map-widget .country.cat-migflug{fill:#5C91FF;stroke:#3A6FD8;stroke-width:.7} #sr71-map-widget .country.cat-combat{fill:url(#camo-pattern);stroke:#4A6741;stroke-width:.7} #sr71-map-widget .country.cat-current{fill:#555;stroke:#333;stroke-width:.7} #sr71-map-widget .country.cat-former{fill:#C0C0C0;stroke:#999;stroke-width:.5} #sr71-tooltip .tt-name{font-size:15px;font-weight:700;display:block;margin-bottom:4px} #sr71-tooltip .tt-cat{font-size:11px;font-weight:400;color:#aaa;display:block;margin-bottom:6px;letter-spacing:.3px} #sr71-tooltip .tt-fleet{font-size:12px;font-weight:600;color:#ccc;display:block;margin-bottom:4px} #sr71-tooltip .tt-desc{font-size:12px;color:#ccc;line-height:1.5;display:block} #sr71-tooltip .tt-links{margin-top:6px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:4px} #sr71-tooltip .tt-links a{color:#5C91FF;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:4px} #sr71-tooltip .tt-links a:hover{text-decoration:underline;color:#7AABFF} #sr71-tooltip .tt-links a::after{content:'\\2197';font-size:10px} @media(max-width:600px){ #sr71-map-widget .sr71-toggle{ padding:6px 10px!important; font-size:12px!important; gap:5px!important; } #sr71-map-widget .sr71-toggle div{ width:12px!important; height:12px!important; } #sr71-controls{ gap:6px!important; } #sr71-count{ font-size:13px!important; } #sr71-tooltip{ max-width:calc(100vw - 32px)!important; font-size:12px!important; padding:8px 12px!important; } #sr71-tooltip .tt-name{font-size:14px!important} #sr71-tooltip .tt-cat{font-size:10px!important} #sr71-tooltip .tt-fleet{font-size:11px!important} #sr71-tooltip .tt-desc{font-size:11px!important} #sr71-tooltip .tt-links a{font-size:11px!important} } @media(max-width:400px){ #sr71-map-widget .sr71-toggle{ padding:5px 8px!important; font-size:11px!important; gap:4px!important; } #sr71-map-widget .sr71-toggle div{ width:10px!important; height:10px!important; } #sr71-controls{ gap:4px!important; } } <\/style>\n<p> <script src=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/d3\/7.8.5\/d3.min.js\"><\/script> <script src=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/topojson\/3.0.2\/topojson.min.js\"><\/script> <script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/d3-geo-projection@4\/dist\/d3-geo-projection.min.js\"><\/script> <\/p>\n<div id=\"sr71-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"sr71-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Combat &amp; Service Record<\/div>\n<h2>The record that defines it<\/h2>\n<p>The Il-28 is a bomber, not a fighter, and its record is measured in service and export rather than aerial victories. It saw combat with several operators: <strong>Egypt<\/strong> used it in the 1956 Suez Crisis, the North Yemen civil war and the 1967 Six-Day War \u2014 in which many Egyptian and Syrian Il-28s were destroyed on the ground; a small number flew for the Federal side in the <strong>Nigerian civil war<\/strong> over Biafra; and it served with <strong>North Korea<\/strong>, Afghanistan and others. Its most famous moment was political rather than tactical: nuclear-capable Il-28s in <strong>Cuba<\/strong> became a sticking point in the 1962 missile crisis. Figures for losses and sorties are contested and should be treated as approximate.<\/p>\n<div class=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"cstat\"><b>1956<\/b><span>First combat use \u2014 Suez Crisis (Egypt)<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cstat\"><b>1962<\/b><span>Cuban Missile Crisis flashpoint<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cstat\"><b>~6,000+<\/b><span>Built \u2014 equipped dozens of air forces<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Compare the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/fighter-jet-combat-statistics\/\">combat record of every military aircraft<\/a>. Figures as of July 2026.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about the Il-28 Beagle<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open=\"\">\n<summary>Can I fly in an Il-28?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No \u2014 the Il-28 is a retired Cold-War military bomber with no public passenger-flight programme, so you cannot book a ride in one. You <b>can<\/b>, however, fly in several genuine military jets today \u2014 see <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/\">migflug.com\/flights-prices\/<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What was the Ilyushin Il-28?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Il-28 (NATO reporting name \u201cBeagle\u201d) was the Soviet Union\u2019s first mass-produced jet bomber. Designed by the Ilyushin bureau, it first flew in 1948 and entered service around 1950. It was a simple, rugged straight-winged tactical bomber built in very large numbers.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the difference between the Il-28 and the Harbin H-5?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The <b>Il-28<\/b> is the original Soviet aircraft. The <b>Harbin H-5<\/b> is China\u2019s version, re-derived and put into production from the mid-1960s after the Sino-Soviet split. Sources describe the H-5 as substantially reworked \u2014 a revised structure, locally built WP-5 engines and a different tail turret \u2014 rather than an identical copy. Both are the same basic aircraft.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why were Il-28s part of the Cuban Missile Crisis?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">During the 1962 crisis the Soviet Union shipped nuclear-capable Il-28 bombers to Cuba alongside its ballistic missiles. Because the Il-28 could carry a nuclear bomb and reach parts of the United States, Washington treated them as offensive weapons and insisted they be withdrawn along with the missiles. Moscow ordered their removal in November 1962.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many Il-28s were built?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Commonly cited figures put Soviet production at <b>more than 6,000 aircraft<\/b>, with the Chinese Harbin H-5 adding several hundred to over a thousand more depending on the source. Exact totals are uncertain, so treat all production figures as approximate.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who used the Il-28 in combat?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Egypt was the largest combat user \u2014 in the 1956 Suez Crisis, the North Yemen civil war and the 1967 Six-Day War, where many were destroyed on the ground. A small number flew in the Nigerian civil war over Biafra, and the type served with North Korea, Afghanistan, Syria, Iraq and others.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is the Il-28 still in service?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It has been retired by nearly all operators. Romania withdrew its fleet around 2001, and North Korea is still commonly listed as an operator decades after the type left Soviet service \u2014 though how many remain airworthy is unclear.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<div class=\"ad\">\n<div class=\"adin\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The part of the collection you can touch<\/div>\n<h2>You can\u2019t fly the Il-28.<br \/>These, you can.<\/h2>\n<p class=\"adp\">Some legends only live in museums \u2014 others are fuelled and waiting. MiGFlug has put civilians in real military jet cockpits since 2004.<\/p>\n<div class=\"car\"><button class=\"cbtn p\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('flycar').scrollBy({left:-520,behavior:'smooth'})\">\u2039<\/button><button class=\"cbtn n\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('flycar').scrollBy({left:520,behavior:'smooth'})\">\u203a<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"track\" id=\"flycar\"><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAACOCAMAAAAoyq6hAAAAYFBMVEVHcEyut62mvL7HxrPwozoKMHlBQkbMy7h3d3SspI5ub2\/FkEzuozvAv61blb5hZWpfuOyvrptxcW\/\/qzhawf+Ni264t6MMFzScm4rjhhbS0b5\/gHtWW2Pa2cZey\/\/q7O5rLEUTAAAAEXRSTlMAdKXu\/P3+\/v01bv6fzP6u4\/EZI0IAAAuDSURBVHja7Z0JY6o8E4Vrqxg3FBRIDdr\/\/y+\/zCRg2LcAue83B2\/3a20ez8xk9euLRCKRSCQSiUQikUgkEolEIpGs6AzanM8HQ9QqawK5F7UFASNqmnV0uDdoe6bGWUXbeyMSil0uxCxTRGQFbe5ExK0ksm0BQlHLsZh1p8zuGBAi4lDhS0ScK3xR1EVcMWZt9b+7CelITeRQ4UvF7yqF71bpbtw+X6Did2ldIyYiBpcQQr2Vkp\/jZ\/K6Uhsta5GwQ4yILKuwkwgl9mVjFiMiTukoyCNuJZFOh0giVGo5FbOkiIhbQBgRcajwVcUvEXGn8KXuiINJhIi4VWcREdeSiARCRNyKWeSR5TrrfYFQl92pmEWDKIuJ9QZCRJyKWeQRtwpfIuJeEiEibhW+RMS9JAIiIk7FLPKIazGLiDgXs4iIS4Uv5RGnOuvkETdjFhFxDggRWSOJMCki4kThKwSXCkDyfSQYzVitF7NYBChieWWKAYsgIit01pmIuCJQVYUJzbPPKEVDWqOWRe4TQSvolopZaI1mGrlNWMkkRGQebbpZaAlaG79IEgl6i9MwyhK6xP2JsOLaeCIyh777AwkCRuWvSzGrQkRQsTWDgglEaMXW2jGrXP7SyNaahS\/2EjmNoziVRKrVL\/UR141ZlR4iha21gdQQcaHaOsDt8P8YsypBa\/lO4uGwkfo2ddPKPt98b47H4795rP1QIDFfessCvmIAIuAXfpEP4fZ418n86kMwwW4PhLTZ\/FOvODA4ZgWidjPi0T4GZQRAEIPU\/FkMQLr09uFRPd7yI8T0UFz+jZgVTw9aGLeux4MdN0gKl4tyo+JQVui\/u4gAEGESyrEc\/nNJJIijhsURkslxkh++LzyoRVD8\/emu0yKiBERjeQAV16EMj1lB06oUJmTNdR2STGVpdFSGiPdS6Ii4Y8osDndpF5CwFkjmltvNZSab4UB425ZEXEQkc0pTmXPIAtPm+xqmnr6kwjSE8x8jHvGAq3CVqwCE7TqIqBTit\/yANIqzTIbHrNq8XuEi21Z+cGXXy4V\/Xz6XqpQC3cyw8EgigB+WREASjxZSwuVJghtIYrHb7drTiALS+iPgE0eRXGIbpW\/DGU8slG2p45CORnFpFUWtE3gURQLcBpi8NN6XgLQSeYtuIIqJkzYZEbOCqPfqUxGMUiFgvf5EajxIBNJKJOwIWUaaX8kmqnMFr89W1uawCfRyxSHqDYQHk\/X8SxMFhEfoz10HkRu6sw8QRLKCTVpfo+IUoWQoz1eS2rNIZINHmCRhjAUvctFAdo93WwoJb4+eevuLD5C2viLCNqqqG03PpfPTeez\/giRJmAIC7zKHNBJRKSTsz0O6aeM4kG4ufCmD\/L12Eoj4AAmCXU6kuVvYH8gNuiwyvy+aQs5nOGt\/MJCMy2iL2DJIEiEQT3PJgKTNKSRkfYEwjG7vhZHoYWtI42UyUbd4PM4iFgzykhldiisgkcrtuUXSd2MKEf156PT\/XqfiOsjqHhtqG+BrVJx6ABnXOwwZt2AQjFgJ3lMGJGA5kZpS6z0IiDC89H58r4EE9umIuo0HSpH6h7dIfzQyiwhrEUsBCTye9Q3zqOU3pZB+Va+f\/eT7rZBs1gFSF0zUwB52pGN9q+lZD7EItxGxOPDYqaeA9+nf45NHCBb6cWlAV3UL+\/ULcx4P339g0bZC3DrYCu\/BIkCECeRkPH0CNSRTGIbxQRoIToE83h0FlgpYPiYkH3yyQtxitlormj1ixS\/oFSaJp4H8\/v6eei7kEz5cvn\/zSxMixYSOBvHzIsFfo97SewujuS0S2QOSqpkx73T6bWbSltSYADiSjuRz01OI2TTWO+eR++R72ZglbEWUaO6IlQOJVSqXQYo3Mek\/4BkKNI\/IRrx2JaX+wpkk2w89\/SnMZgYSFIAwyCEfJnxgFV5Ums\/cqHmYXWoy8RcdTLkKW0GlNUpY4BE8VVIPNRDgcMIR3zKToTxK02k41alPTIBZMsnkely4zrKSd9msOT3vhyggYRogBwBRil2yRROPhVbEGA4OQHHnXZdZ08WstRqfGUj8t9\/lg71hCHUucoDvnTIeMZZXCkiSMv1mvHaJqd3VygqnPnWWjWYTcxZZenYqH+wNNQ5u4sjKXUVhOhDBeRSmXlLAgl6Zv86aPuDUMr3OAzsWCfLB3jRUFAwsuT9MIGmS1s3v957iVNP7XACWApTjXFYpHAQ0kUg0r0NkFkmTnR7KSlX2OBXqXs1DU5BvZQporqo62JiNgVQ4K1GZJ9cXX8qQz5LXuRpRxlHlu7rwlcLVJb+ov9tZ+cb52CKLKzgyfzAEgiyYl9Q8JiOMpS2VYVwZ4YP6QVLZFaAc5rTIxETCSyWKiE6n7Wm7vfcXvE51I5r4jyeBHuyNzVhVHC7pDUR+e3Adgl4RpldsO6V0Vpbg0y3CIiBxnyhJBtdqFRK7fnRepMwR1xQVXQ755JV6Xt1BFpeNcSOvQE6xR0TYm0viksVpmCXa9evBTJQBZZ+PLZ4a42U7ECOvNALplfRUtvc+xddxliwyKQfbI6HXJeEkOq6viPOdIZAtPN5cdHc7JP+wAUjvp6S2Sp5VLDGpEBllkrttGlLYT\/YiHMmA1b1C4AK5oAokqsYkqLLyFv+Mh3Q7ZOhfL6lEWQVmJ6FUXzR66GPazkBDKlFAYHUvLPAN9epr+a6lnGBVICxV6uWQMc9GrIuz8GWBSfWc2MG5HVLH73Y7jUz5P+NfuMPVFcABz4OMuGRTWvzC62KSCUQ3VR+H8HhcuI5ECKPFnh0mh+vUsBUrKjji97v91XC2owMZ1L8KCDokzatMACNghZixSp7V1bWFkJXi1cMhIxNolIfGUFdfU\/eIH2HT09QCGBoISl7NJZPig4g6hT+cCWdAQgASJmV5igyvGUXTQDz2aXzWs8qKJuHIf5kMqklynrh2+yB7JEyYZ\/Tykb3DFJNoVOYyQp7mAUhwfsL7bONRUBK9oacChHlpnk7CmhRT65DIAo7cKNLm56n9+OPxeBW4Qwb\/\/lHllijOYINhTr8D2WzhBv+xbQ2lDli8Mgai50NYWD+4aPbUp49T8KYBI4HR+jQ9w+MGkmyxHA8m7wRN1Ti2DGVwIR30Dja6QQAnmZSiIYsoq0d8GBNUdcPvjUCERRzy3nX6PJ2tbaiCzfo\/+\/3zud\/\/NOwU7zdVxbK9aRbFm39b4okxQIbz4G3TxSyvZ6ZHrrJfJBcE83q99hLOT92W2Napqrz17FFpXoAkTIfUzOZ+vlYcnbe81IYZBaZVJDkaMIwkA1heL7AN6mcf\/5Q2a1Z9zGsXD5eEK4g\/t34GqWkU44nPWoEUp0u4vWhVATITEvOkBWWZp2YjP8oA4bb\/rNmhPoCNzqLSa6k5FCDWg7vdJwbkp3DXTlMao+pm9PoktTSsATKMR8y7N4SXumDb89fMUmeRmKbJoCAfuPYmJjifYW+aqc9pDWMm8o1Oh1fjEGZhVrPHWjxW6RNvF1rhpU7r2Vwy1+Tal6W9hLQKoOBWgJUfrRGPXg3WMifIKmSEZXvUArnfz1\/L6oAR7Vv7JqsDTO\/U64kg95pV7c\/G2VUQnvygxbLLUDuldGRC77kUr25EaNXjCfKDrqAWKFinwUDtzPT1zD323NffWdPRKJ9qIihVEuUDVVoli11hPA\/guA99L6XrMxr0kTPnRWSHwV20ecA\/uiZAC70qYWy8ns166esJv1KVIy3XwCeLun0+qxl+OH85q8w+2kEqxD2zuk2FuYKd7AGzQ70bXGFwFc\/K+PqHdDC0gbMrDS9hOsqf+q+yRoVA23wKjwwfyg+gOEkO+Dd9\/ceUhbzSKaQXE1vWNq9XI7OJyu6neOfY+lLwUPAkVNB\/kMGw4s602EbdPvouHNN1+SlevfW5E32\/+jdpfZFIJBKJRCKRSCQSiUQikUgk0tz6H3r\/4mrgrizYAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"Aero L-39 Albatros side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the L-39 Albatros<\/b><span>The world\u2019s most-flown jet trainer \u2014 aerobatics included<\/span><\/a><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/f104-starfighter-flight\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"Lockheed F-104 Starfighter side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the F-104 Starfighter<\/b><span>\u201cThe missile with a man in it\u201d<\/span><\/a><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/mig-21-launch\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the MiG-21<\/b><span>The Cold War\u2019s most-produced jet<\/span><\/a><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/t-33-in-canada\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the T-33 Shooting Star<\/b><span>America\u2019s first jet trainer<\/span><\/a><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/vampire-flight-near-london\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAASwAAABrCAMAAAD6iU8nAAAAPFBMVEVHcEwKJ2CUqr2twNCYr8OdtcmYscWrvs5awv6duM0PIkutwNCascd+l7iTqbqhuNCSqsS2ytuEwedce55\/SX8hAAAAC3RSTlMA7tbhJEx3\/v6sWVEoSM0AAAgUSURBVHja7ZyJeusoDIVbb4oDAey+\/7sOQoDB8YKdpc1cnfS706SZhPw+EkLQfn2xWCwWi8VisVgsFovFYrFYH6em6\/u+axhECat6GMQw1B2j2Fc9AGrQLbPYUzeAsAKQTGtXPcESQgJw3trLWIJggZRDzbQ21QZjCanF0DOQoii0OUsA0yqDhc5iWmUpyznLfs+0SlKWcxbS4uJ0p8oKzkJagsut3ZRFznK0uqtXY8WM0rVO7iykBd+kK94sMsY0y+\/RWTglcnG6mN+FuHOWXSYyrZ3JcHIW0uICYmsyTJzFtHZhJc4SXMrvVA6ps3BGHLjcWoc1c5Z9nJP8WpmVO8tZi6fEGSyx4iwBnOQ3YOXO+vi01bYd7vD1F1Lfd49+mGbdWQ7XJwZi07aWUT06RuNwSdQ9DRbcwfq4+qFpO7LSOHhII6SwLn3zMmchrY9pbjVdDDlkBN5ZImU1DvDA52khdxYAzGB9wu5Y0yacPCMQI9ibEHrUgF\/uBuPQt8+AlTkLQGstrXTfWv3drlZmqARW2N+b\/sWPCvij\/inOkojHGKVu6nanP3hwBFOUp3OjBlyApcV4uQ\/DUWj8z1C352FZSmqBzkzm9qdo2SmvroeQxy++W\/kTsSzDConsVKInWNr5aZfWrxZd2OC26aB16qtK+jXZmMH63oQ1+e2UuRBWiMPBheE6NOjfjscXlrX9qmsYgihn2AtsDKbV0ern+2cflhDJvNifgUXZHN9USa3ddAgutxs3Gj8gjU9s38OodZV374aWAQpyGRuSgSsl\/WU2I2kJVnwwmqv5ag7BokvkeJjIRzpW7kHkF+r5F9Nq0EY1rkkzPCICAvqKqJKWONAFxiuOI9c2lY\/jxVEb\/XcXG7OeZKBs\/7e6r\/DYY9e1u9w6fHFI3jWMUGPloGU0GI7AYB3xkiICow3jzDqJBkBQ\/CUCj8f\/43Glq7J8\/W9HrmT2Iwiu9ETJH\/TDAaS7NpZb3W8y66eXE3cVafpuvu4CIWu6Eu1zyq\/GzWpARhJSEqlomvT7NTxLAry8SgYZ5QKGHtAyRIs3rglucdAQ2XIEtUpC6QCChimP2LTr0i+xO7oji4V3TQHn40zKyQlp96N0aMkTNWijg3wgL74U+DMeMSE6Yv2SwypM61A6AnrN6XVTcv6qIDsHr9lkh6Ccn\/wr0ZsEWPOPU0wrHTTIwudO7woBGobl\/fntpqK5RO87OyTV9PqATymRXjZ7ibondbnt7BKFQM2vRQprkdABanACVpq1BfKaxWPTKzf3KpodCi8bARJJxvX+8I+GF5rY2fxpH3XojLLpL0y2AJvDDhkZY+moueTSbLAgbRYvCvISfXe3FHVlSkSmz\/g+8fGUkgniHF4600uaaD24BNZSfaziFFYiLUvHbGDVncN9rY91YFWpMH0Y+QC0u3kdwlQb0l1aF0AGbhrBxrLLl6C+HjSEedlZpXGoN4J5GBYXkn55UVls0ncg5INO85UjQBK+87CAzPqbnCZgmGRjG8mX1RrO5Sw09Lq3bDBCu1P9eGqKqMmnOm1lvislFWNywuzM6S4tnHDWZsC6AXeFNSOuQSqfzvRJaLD\/Q5D7fY8Fg8l0RqX2SQgqXQwLDOzQOtZdx+UtUvOJLZR6fjXyqOz65HZWBCcOwgIzVGmXO2sraXle5zYFXWLrHTY\/9ceqQZwynD4Se6sZLM9+EnFB8Wy4Ugxnab5+tJUSpwMdInMqusrG+YilZrySvQPM+wrAHKkyYI9W96wGVNsGapBW4LBFDZ5gqSwcbeqZyGttDoThdtKiT1M9fy+4c2ZzsxI1ElZj81memjq5MrkjtXomLOvU6nV9PE\/NpdrlVZ6rkYx5FjKlhUyj8lAYbictt6FjXt9U\/\/6xwprbyFmlDbF\/QvtvZnH\/rXhGdB9WxbvmQILfgaXdMlDJ1\/fUaX\/Kv12otA1VbPpOU\/3rWnXG3LYJqptb8uiwytaBnJGH6qz152pqMtjBVy9n9XWdYEm\/3vErFBOa1YvYCN3sXvo1U\/hd3AnVoTpLLK2lIZJCVm\/YNE2dlQ0nxJ\/zWdwl0VKvkNtRWES5RQ8cXBsulKUpqHexysNwlt7nETjtLsVALSU3LXbS4+mHYMkMVErKjrx\/y2Z8CkvJnJVcCThNpEzYtTTak5MUgjIGZbjv9zlN3nc4krPCk2eOomGbNx27uqawks0RnX7kjYTlAlOS5ZJdX7pr0m3O+8b4IWeB0QuccMyqf9cZj8xZ1OzHD6WXc\/c2vzxmw40a0\/BADx7u424a7vtQobOu1++bnA8hbN\/lZGT+jSzN7es9+CJMy5zcOKu3n7O69q5BkYwiDZ4p4HJjRZSzamFePMCJlh54SquYvKnaXzlk1XRdCsykirs3s7Cc5345tyE9sLm7s2KlRUi3nFT1q4f3cFPERWDOak5NLmX5VWOBKIA17YioAuHT\/sTfx2qajmJSmg2FnCb30vyqr1xvSIatIlUsfHb1S9G3brHK7BFL0aWFVjoP6nhiCzTEJUHcAz0kLITV3wI1J6ZLkc0JGn+oTOFtRbdyQ2lZ\/VFQM2ImrdePSD1BEjsw1eO\/1\/O2c8fdOWSPQaJkVuGBn69PE6Z+n8kKme0Dua1BctnJYvrsP\/BBh28DM\/kkY8UDgJaRO7bY\/p\/+DgptTVaV64LGCa4YVWTtZlAbaxUy6v70b9U8BZrfB7fg0gpMy2UhqsrBqaaTr\/\/gX9NpaHsyFR3JTnXiYCuLxWKxWCwWi8VisVgsFovF+uf1H3jQrUZE9wwrAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"de Havilland Vampire side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the DH Vampire<\/b><span>A piece of early jet history<\/span><\/a><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/s-211-jet-flight-munich\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"SIAI-Marchetti S.211 side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the S.211<\/b><span>Agile Italian jet trainer<\/span><\/a><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/l-39-mb-326-jet-provost-in-italy\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"Aermacchi MB-326 side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the MB-326<\/b><span>The classic Aermacchi jet<\/span><\/a><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/mig-15-fagot-czech-republic\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the MiG-15<\/b><span>The Soviet legend of the Korean War<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/\">See all flights &amp; prices<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-top:44px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Related Aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Continue the tour<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/english-electric-canberra\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The Western Contemporary<\/span><span class=\"rh\">English Electric Canberra<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Britain\u2019s jet bomber of the same era \u2014 another simple, long-serving design that, like the Il-28, was exported and built under licence worldwide.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Canberra story<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22-blinder\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The Successor<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Tu-22 Blinder<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The supersonic Soviet bomber of the next generation \u2014 a very different answer to the same job the Il-28 once did.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Tu-22 story<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-95-bear\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The Strategic Giant<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Tu-95 Bear<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The huge turboprop strategic bomber that flew alongside the Il-28 in Soviet service \u2014 and is still flying today.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Tu-95 story<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/theaviationist.com\/2024\/10\/07\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Aviationist \u2014 Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle<\/a><span>Overview of the first Soviet jet bomber, its VK-1\/Nene engines and construction.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/nuke.fas.org\/guide\/russia\/bomber\/il-28.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federation of American Scientists \u2014 Il-28<\/a><span>First jet bomber in Soviet service; production scale and Cuba\/Middle East notes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.militaryfactory.com\/aircraft\/detail.php?aircraft_id=552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MilitaryFactory \u2014 Ilyushin Il-28<\/a><span>Dimensions, weights, performance and armament figures.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/world\/china\/h-5.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GlobalSecurity.org \u2014 Harbin H-5<\/a><span>Chinese H-5 production timeline and how it differed from the Il-28.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.skytamer.com\/Harbin_H-5.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Skytamer \u2014 Harbin H-5<\/a><span>H-5 variants, export operators and design differences.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/airforcemuseum.fi\/museum%20objects\/ilyushin-il-28r-nh-4\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Finnish Air Force Museum \u2014 Ilyushin Il-28R<\/a><span>Finland\u2019s four Il-28s, 1960\u20131981, and their reconnaissance\/survey role.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.armscontrol.org\/act\/2002-11\/features\/cuban-missile-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arms Control Association \u2014 The Cuban Missile Crisis<\/a><span>The US demand to remove the Il-28s as offensive weapons in 1962.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/nsarchive2.gwu.edu\/NSAEBB\/NSAEBB449\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Security Archive \u2014 Cuban Missile Crisis<\/a><span>Documentary record of the Il-28 withdrawal negotiations, late 1962.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div id=\"galfix71\" data-js=\"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\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"galfix71\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aircraft Museum \u203a Jet Bomber \u203a Il-28 Beagle Ilyushin Il-28\u201cBeagle\u201d The Soviet Union\u2019s first mass-produced jet bomber \u2014 a simple, rugged straight-winged aircraft built in thousands, licence-rebuilt in China as the Harbin H-5, and exported to air forces across three continents. 1948First flight \u00b7 in service from 1950 ~6,000+Built in the USSR \u00b7 among the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19934,"parent":15960,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18074","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle \u2014 History, Specs &amp; Stories<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle was the Soviet bloc\u2019s first jet bomber, built in thousands \u2014 full history, specifications, photos and stories.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ar\/\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\/il-28-beagle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle \u2014 History, Specs &amp; Stories\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle was the Soviet bloc\u2019s first jet bomber, built in thousands \u2014 full history, specifications, photos and stories.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ar\/\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\/il-28-beagle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-02T08:35:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle-three-quarter-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1707\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@migflug\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"20 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/aircraft\\\/il-28-beagle\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/aircraft\\\/il-28-beagle\\\/\",\"name\":\"Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle \u2014 History, Specs & Stories\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/aircraft\\\/il-28-beagle\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/aircraft\\\/il-28-beagle\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\/\\/migflug.com\\/wp-content\\/uploads\\/2026\\/08\\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-07-20T16:02:52+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-02T08:35:11+00:00\",\"description\":\"The Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle was the Soviet bloc\u2019s first jet bomber, built in thousands \u2014 full history, specifications, photos and stories.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/aircraft\\\/il-28-beagle\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/aircraft\\\/il-28-beagle\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/aircraft\\\/il-28-beagle\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\/\\/migflug.com\\/wp-content\\/uploads\\/2026\\/08\\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\/\\/migflug.com\\/wp-content\\/uploads\\/2026\\/08\\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1440,\"caption\":\"Photo: Ond\u0159ej \u017dv\u00e1\u010dek, CC BY 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/aircraft\\\/il-28-beagle\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Startseite\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Book of Beasts \u2014 The Big Military Aircraft Encyclopedia\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/aircraft\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle \u2014 History, Specs &#038; Stories\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"MiGFlug\",\"description\":\"Fly a Jet Fighter Yourself\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"MiGFlug GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\/\\/migflug.com\\/wp-content\\/uploads\\/2018\\/10\\/logo-migflug-blue.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\/\\/migflug.com\\/wp-content\\/uploads\\/2018\\/10\\/logo-migflug-blue.png\",\"width\":200,\"height\":100,\"caption\":\"MiGFlug GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/MiGFlug\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/migflug\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/migflug\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/user\\\/MiGFlug\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/migflug.com\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.ch\\\/migflug\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle \u2014 History, Specs & Stories","description":"The Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle was the Soviet bloc\u2019s first jet bomber, built in thousands \u2014 full history, specifications, photos and stories.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ar\/\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\/il-28-beagle\/","og_locale":"ar_AR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle \u2014 History, Specs & Stories","og_description":"The Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle was the Soviet bloc\u2019s first jet bomber, built in thousands \u2014 full history, specifications, photos and stories.","og_url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ar\/\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\/il-28-beagle\/","og_site_name":"MiGFlug","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/","article_modified_time":"2026-08-02T08:35:11+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1707,"url":"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle-three-quarter-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@migflug","twitter_misc":{"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631":"20 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/il-28-beagle\/","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/il-28-beagle\/","name":"Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle \u2014 History, Specs & Stories","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/il-28-beagle\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/il-28-beagle\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:Xtu-.c975\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle.jpg","datePublished":"2026-07-20T16:02:52+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-02T08:35:11+00:00","description":"The Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle was the Soviet bloc\u2019s first jet bomber, built in thousands \u2014 full history, specifications, photos and stories.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/il-28-beagle\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/il-28-beagle\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/il-28-beagle\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:Xtu-.c975\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:Xtu-.c975\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/ilyushin-il-28-beagle.jpg","width":1920,"height":1440,"caption":"Photo: Ond\u0159ej \u017dv\u00e1\u010dek, CC BY 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/il-28-beagle\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Startseite","item":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Book of Beasts \u2014 The Big Military Aircraft Encyclopedia","item":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Ilyushin Il-28 Beagle \u2014 History, Specs &#038; Stories"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/","name":"\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0641\u0644\u0648\u063a","description":"\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#organization","name":"\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 MiGFlug GmbH","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/logo-migflug-blue.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/logo-migflug-blue.png","width":200,"height":100,"caption":"MiGFlug GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/","https:\/\/x.com\/migflug","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/migflug\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/MiGFlug","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/migflug.com\/","https:\/\/www.pinterest.ch\/migflug\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18074","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18074"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18074\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19935,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18074\/revisions\/19935"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15960"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19934"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18074"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0648\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}