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.hero.photo{padding:0;background:#0b0f16} #mfam .heroimg{position:absolute;inset:0;background-size:cover;background-position:center 45%;z-index:0} #mfam .hero.photo::before{z-index:1;background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(8,11,17,.80) 0%,rgba(8,11,17,.42) 40%,rgba(8,11,17,.90) 100%),linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(8,11,17,.72),rgba(8,11,17,.06) 62%)} #mfam .hero.photo .hero-in{padding-top:92px;padding-bottom:56px;z-index:2} #mfam .hero .accent{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;height:4px;z-index:4;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--red) 0 22%,var(--blue) 22% 100%)} #mfam .photocred{position:absolute;right:16px;bottom:14px;z-index:3;font-size:10.5px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.48);letter-spacing:.3px;max-width:52ch;text-align:right;line-height:1.4} #mfam .marks{display:flex;gap:30px;align-items:center;margin-top:32px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mark{display:flex;gap:13px;align-items:center} #mfam .rondel,#mfam .finflash{display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .rondel{width:58px;height:58px} #mfam .finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/polish-air-force\/\">Polish Air Force<\/a> &middot; Air base<\/div>\n<h1>31st Tactical Air Base Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">31. Baza Lotnictwa Taktycznego<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Active (two F-16C\/D squadrons; the first Polish F-16s landed here in 2006)<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>EPKS<\/b><span>ICAO<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>2,500 m<\/b><span>Runway<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Active<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Staff Sgt. Jonathan Snyder, US Air Force \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Operator<\/b>Polish Air Force<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Voivodeship<\/b>Wielkopolskie (Greater Poland)<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Elevation<\/b>84 m<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Coordinates<\/b>52.3319 N, 16.9667 E<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>31st Tactical Air Base Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny: what it was built for and what flies there now<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<p>Krzesiny, on the south-eastern edge of Pozna&#324;, is where Poland&rsquo;s F-16 era began. The first multirole F-16s landed here in November 2006, and by 2008 all 48 had been delivered and split between Krzesiny and &#321;ask. Two F-16 squadrons fly from here, and the base belongs to the 2nd Tactical Air Wing, whose headquarters is also in Pozna&#324;.<\/p>\n<p>The 6th squadron is the base&rsquo;s public face. It joined the NATO Tiger Association in 2014, and in May 2018 Krzesiny hosted the first NATO Tiger Meet ever held in Poland, with nearly 80 aircraft from about a dozen countries. On 24 February 2022, the day Russia invaded Ukraine, pilots from the base went straight into continuous air patrols along the eastern border.<\/p>\n<p>Pozna&#324;&rsquo;s place in Polish air power is older than the base. On 6 January 1919, during the Greater Poland Uprising, insurgents took the German airfield at &#321;awica on the other side of the city, capturing some 26 to 30 serviceable aircraft and a Zeppelin hangar full of airframes; the Wielkopolska squadrons formed from that booty were among the first units of the new Polish air arm. Since December 2024 Krzesiny has also hosted allied fifth-generation jets: Norwegian F-35As on NATO&rsquo;s air and missile defence mission, flying alongside the Polish F-16s ahead of Poland&rsquo;s own F-35 deliveries to &#321;ask.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"sat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Satellite<\/div>\n<h2>31st Tactical Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny from above<\/h2>\n<div class=\"satfig\" id=\"satfig\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Enlarge the satellite view\">\n<div class=\"satimg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"31st Tactical Air Base Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny seen from above\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"satzoom\">Click to enlarge<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satcap\"><b>One runway, 2,500 m of concrete.<\/b><span>Imagery: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics and the GIS user community<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satlb\" id=\"satlb\"><span class=\"satlbx\">Close<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"satbig\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"31st Tactical Air Base Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny seen from above, enlarged\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<style>#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=16.92115,52.31903,17.01219,52.34485\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=1600,743\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}#mfam .satbig{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=16.92388,52.31451,17.00946,52.34937\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=2048,1365\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}@media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=16.94554,52.31903,16.98780,52.34485\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=760,760\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}}<\/style>\n<div id=\"sat-data\" data-js=\"KGZ1bmN0aW9uKCl7IHZhciBmPWRvY3VtZW50LmdldEVsZW1lbnRCeUlkKCdzYXRmaWcnKSwgYj1kb2N1bWVudC5nZXRFbGVtZW50QnlJZCgnc2F0bGInKTsgaWYoIWZ8fCFiKSByZXR1cm47IGZ1bmN0aW9uIG9wZW4oKXsgYi5jbGFzc0xpc3QuYWRkKCdvbicpOyBkb2N1bWVudC5ib2R5LnN0eWxlLm92ZXJmbG93PSdoaWRkZW4nOyB9IGZ1bmN0aW9uIHNodXQoKXsgYi5jbGFzc0xpc3QucmVtb3ZlKCdvbicpOyBkb2N1bWVudC5ib2R5LnN0eWxlLm92ZXJmbG93PScnOyB9IGYuYWRkRXZlbnRMaXN0ZW5lcignY2xpY2snLCBvcGVuKTsgZi5hZGRFdmVudExpc3RlbmVyKCdrZXlkb3duJywgZnVuY3Rpb24oZSl7IGlmKGUua2V5PT09J0VudGVyJ3x8ZS5rZXk9PT0nICcpeyBlLnByZXZlbnREZWZhdWx0KCk7IG9wZW4oKTsgfSB9KTsgYi5hZGRFdmVudExpc3RlbmVyKCdjbGljaycsIHNodXQpOyBkb2N1bWVudC5hZGRFdmVudExpc3RlbmVyKCdrZXlkb3duJywgZnVuY3Rpb24oZSl7IGlmKGUua2V5PT09J0VzY2FwZScpIHNodXQoKTsgfSk7IH0pKCk7\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"sat-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><section class=\"pqband\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"pqrow\">\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>Maintenance tasks can be done very quickly on the F-16. The aircraft is maintenance friendly. Elements that require regular attention are easier to access. Sixty percent of the panels on the F-16 are removable. That helps a lot.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>Capt. Adam Rosiakowski<\/b><span>lead crew chief at Krzesiny, a former Su-22 technician, on the change from Soviet-built jets to the F-16 (2012)<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.codeonemagazine.com\/article.html?item_id=87\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Code One Magazine<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>Deployable Air Base Systems enhance pre-positioned equipment right here in theater and cuts the amount of airlift you would need to bring over additional air assets because it&rsquo;s already here.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>Brig. Gen. Roy Agustin<\/b><span>director of logistics, engineering and force protection, US Air Forces in Europe-Air Forces Africa, on the first Deployable Air Base System exercise at Krzesiny, July&ndash;August 2018<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dvidshub.net\/news\/287563\/krzesiny-air-base-hosts-first-deployable-air-base-system-exercise\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">DVIDS<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>31st Tactical Air Base Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Location &amp; codes<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>ICAO<\/dt>\n<dd>EPKS<\/dd>\n<dt>Country<\/dt>\n<dd>Poland<\/dd>\n<dt>Voivodeship<\/dt>\n<dd>Wielkopolskie<span class=\"gnote\">Greater Poland<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Coordinates<\/dt>\n<dd>52.3319 N, 16.9667 E<\/dd>\n<dt>Elevation<\/dt>\n<dd>84 m <span class=\"imp\">(276 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Usage<\/dt>\n<dd>Military<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Runways &amp; facilities<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Runways<\/dt>\n<dd>1<\/dd>\n<dt>Designator<\/dt>\n<dd>11\/29<\/dd>\n<dt>Length<\/dt>\n<dd>2,500 m <span class=\"imp\">(8,202 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Surface<\/dt>\n<dd>Concrete<\/dd>\n<dt>Quick Reaction Alert<\/dt>\n<dd>None<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Command &amp; status<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>Active<span class=\"gnote\">two F-16C\/D squadrons; the first Polish F-16s landed here in 2006<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Operator<\/dt>\n<dd>Polish Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Command<\/dt>\n<dd>2nd Tactical Air Wing (2. Skrzyd&#322;o Lotnictwa Taktycznego), Pozna&#324;<\/dd>\n<dt>Resident units<\/dt>\n<dd>2 current, 1 former<\/dd>\n<dt>Based types<\/dt>\n<dd>1<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"units\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Resident units<\/div>\n<h2>Who flies from 31st Tactical Air Base Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oob\">\n<div><span>Current<\/span><em>2 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>3rd Air Squadron (3. Eskadra Lotnicza)<small>Tactical fighter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16C\/D Block 52+ Jastrz&#261;b<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>6th Air Squadron (6. Eskadra Lotnicza)<small>Tigers &middot; Tactical fighter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16C\/D Block 52+ Jastrz&#261;b<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<div><span>Former<\/span><em>1 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt class=\"was\">Royal Norwegian Air Force F-35A detachment<small>2025&ndash; &middot; Allied unit, not Polish. Norwegian F-35As have deployed to Krzesiny on NATO&rsquo;s Integrated Air and Missile Defence mission in rotations: the first landed on 8&ndash;9 January 2025 (agreed in December 2024) and stayed into the summer; a second, of four aircraft and about 100 personnel, arrived in early October 2025. The end date of the second rotation is not published.<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">F-35A Lightning II<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Aircraft types based here<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16C\/D Block 52+ Jastrz&#261;b<\/a>, F-35A Lightning II<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"teams\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Display teams<\/div>\n<h2>The display team based at 31st Tactical Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/display-teams\/tiger-demo-team\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Solo display<\/span><span class=\"rh\">F-16 Tiger Demo Team<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Poland&rsquo;s F-16C solo display, flown from Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny since 2015, award-winning at RIAT in 2025 and grounded in grief after its leader was killed rehearsing&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the F-16 Tiger Demo Team page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"knownfor\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Claim to fame<\/div>\n<h2>What 31st Tactical Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny is known for<\/h2>\n<div class=\"kfgrid\">\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">01<\/div>\n<h3>Where Poland&rsquo;s F-16 era began<\/h3>\n<p>The first Polish F-16 Jastrz&#261;b fighters were formally received at Krzesiny on 9 November 2006 by President Lech Kaczy&#324;ski. The base was rebuilt to NATO standards for them, with a new runway and apron opened on 12 July 2002.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Of the 48 F-16C\/D Block 52+ jets Poland bought, 32 were assigned to Krzesiny and the other 16 to &#321;ask.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">02<\/div>\n<h3>Host of the first NATO Tiger Meet in Poland<\/h3>\n<p>From 14 to 25 May 2018 Krzesiny hosted the NATO Tiger Meet, the annual gathering of squadrons that carry a tiger emblem. The host was the base&rsquo;s own 6th squadron, a full member of the NATO Tiger Association since 2014.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">22 flying squadrons from 13 countries brought about 70 aircraft, 10 helicopters and a NATO AWACS, with more than 2,000 personnel.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">03<\/div>\n<h3>Home of the F-16 Tiger Demo Team<\/h3>\n<p>Poland&rsquo;s solo F-16 display team was formed at Krzesiny in 2015 and flies a tiger-striped F-16C. Its leader, Maj. Maciej Krakowian, was killed rehearsing for the Radom air show on 28 August 2025.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">It was the first fatal accident in almost 19 years of Polish F-16 operations, which began in November 2006.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">04<\/div>\n<h3>Norwegian F-35s on the eastern flank<\/h3>\n<p>Royal Norwegian Air Force F-35As have flown from Krzesiny on NATO&rsquo;s integrated air and missile defence mission, protecting among other things the Rzesz&#243;w-Jasionka logistics hub that supplies Ukraine. These are allied aircraft, not Polish ones.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Four F-35As and about 100 Norwegian personnel came twice in 2025: from January to the summer, and again from early October.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">05<\/div>\n<h3>Built as a Focke-Wulf factory airfield<\/h3>\n<p>During the German occupation the Focke-Wulf company built an aircraft plant and airfield between the villages of G&#322;uszyna and Krzesiny. American bombers wrecked it in 1944, and the Red Army took the field over in March 1945.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Posnania, the city&rsquo;s own magazine, reports that nearly 100 bombs fell on the plant on 29 May 1944; a 2009 city chronicle says 85 per cent of its buildings were destroyed.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">06<\/div>\n<h3>A long fight over jet noise<\/h3>\n<p>The switch from MiG-21s to F-16s in 2006 triggered protests by residents of south-eastern Pozna&#324; and years of compensation suits against the State Treasury. The courts disagreed with each other over whether the zone around the base still legally existed.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">About 4,500 residents were entitled to claim; around 1,500 did. By early 2013 some 500 cases had cost the military about 39 million z&#322;oty.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"deep\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Go deeper<\/div>\n<h2>The long version<\/h2>\n<div class=\"deep\">\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">01<\/span><span>A Focke-Wulf plant and a Soviet bomber field, 1940&ndash;1954<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The airfield did not start as a Polish base. After the German annexation of Greater Poland, work began in 1940 on the Flugzeugfabrik Focke-Wulf Posen-Kreising, an aircraft plant with its own airfield between the villages of G&#322;uszyna and Krzesiny on the south-eastern edge of Pozna&#324;. The Kronika Miasta Poznania, the city chronicle, says the plant built Fw 190 fighters and worked on the Ta 154, and that it employed about 7,000 people.<\/p>\n<p>The United States Army Air Forces came for it in 1944. The local history site Polot lists raids on 9 April and 29 May; the city&rsquo;s own sources concentrate on the second, on Whit Sunday, when B-17s dropped nearly 100 bombs and destroyed workshops, hangars, aircraft and the runways. The 2009 chronicle puts the damage at 85 per cent of the buildings. It also credits Edward Sikora, a radio operator of the Polish underground from Ostr&#243;w Wielkopolski, with passing target information by secret radio.<\/p>\n<p>After the Battle of Pozna&#324; ended on 23 February 1945, the Red Army took over the airfield in March. The Soviet 836th Bomber Aviation Regiment arrived from the Leningrad area with Tu-2 bombers, and on 16 April 1945 its squadrons flew from here to the Seelow Heights, the last big German line before Berlin. Sources disagree on when the Soviets finally left. The municipal history dates the handover to the Polish army to 1954, while Polot records a Polish fighter regiment, the 11th, moving in from &#321;awica as early as April 1951.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">02<\/span><span>MiGs for Greater Poland: the 62nd regiment, 1954&ndash;2000<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Krzesiny became a fighter base in September 1954, when the Ministry of National Defence ordered the formation of the 62nd Fighter Training Regiment. Polot says it was formed from the 2nd squadron of the 11th Fighter Regiment. It became a regular fighter regiment, the 62. Pu&#322;k Lotnictwa My&#347;liwskiego, in 1957 and joined the national air defence system. In 1958 it took the name of the Greater Poland insurgents of 1918&ndash;1919. Sources differ on the date of the naming: 6 September or 13 October 1958.<\/p>\n<p>The regiment worked through the Soviet fighter generations. It began with MiG-15s and their Polish licence-built versions, the Lim-1 and Lim-2, then received the Lim-5 in 1958 and MiG-19P and MiG-19PM all-weather interceptors in 1959. The MiG-21 arrived in 1962 after the airfield was rebuilt. The city chronicle says a further rebuild in 1966 forced the regiment to move out for a while, first to Babimost and then to &#379;ary.<\/p>\n<p>The fighter years cost lives. The accident lists compiled by Polot and by local historians name at least six airmen of the 62nd regiment and its successor killed in MiG-21s between 1963 and 1992, the base commander among them. After the end of communist rule the regiment was renamed the 3rd Fighter Regiment in 1994, and in 1999 it absorbed the 17th squadron from &#321;awica, Pozna&#324;&rsquo;s other military airfield. On 1 January 2001 it was reorganised as the 31st Air Base (JW 1156) and the 3rd Tactical Air Squadron, which went on flying MiG-21s until 2003.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">03<\/span><span>Rebuilt for NATO: the F-16 arrives, 2001&ndash;2011<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Poland chose the F-16 in December 2002 and signed for 36 F-16C and 12 F-16D Block 52+ jets on 18 April 2003, beating the Gripen and the Mirage 2000-5. Krzesiny had already been chosen to receive them. The decision to build a NATO-standard F-16 base came in 2001, and on 12 July 2002 a new runway and apron were formally opened. Under the plan, Krzesiny got 32 jets and &#321;ask the remaining 16. How many F-16s are at Krzesiny today is not published.<\/p>\n<p>The first aircraft landed on 8 November 2006 after flying the Atlantic with air-to-air refuelling. President Lech Kaczy&#324;ski formally received them the next day, and the first lady, Maria Kaczy&#324;ska, named the type Jastrz&#261;b (Hawk). The first three Polish pilots finished their US conversion in June 2006: Brig. Gen. Dariusz Malinowski, Col. Ro&#347;cis&#322;aw Stepaniuk and Lt Col Zbigniew Zawada. Polska Zbrojna reports that 18 pilots had been trained in Poland by the end of the first year. G&#322;os Wielkopolski says the last three of the 48 jets arrived in December 2008.<\/p>\n<p>The pilots came mostly from MiG-21s, and the change was bigger than the new aircraft. Code One, Lockheed Martin&rsquo;s magazine, described MiG-21 sorties of 20 to 40 minutes with limited avionics. The F-16 brought long missions, air refuelling and NATO procedures. The 3rd squadron at Krzesiny ran Poland&rsquo;s own basic F-16 course, and its first class graduated in 2010, the year Polish F-16s took over Quick Reaction Alert. The 6th squadron, which had moved to Krzesiny from Powidz in 2006, passed its NATO force evaluation in September 2011. The two squadrons were combined under the 31st Tactical Air Base in 2008.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">04<\/span><span>Tigers: the 6th squadron, Tiger Meet 2018 and the demo team<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The 6th squadron is Krzesiny&rsquo;s tiger squadron. Poland first took part in a NATO Tiger Meet in 2011, the association&rsquo;s 50th anniversary year. The ministry says the squadron became a full member of the NATO Tiger Association in 2014 after winning the title of best flying squadron. Since then it has flown the association&rsquo;s exercises and competitions, most recently Tiger Meet 2026 at Araxos in Greece, hosted by the Greek 335 Squadron.<\/p>\n<p>In May 2018, the centenary year of Polish independence, the squadron brought the Tiger Meet to Krzesiny, the first one ever held in Poland. From 14 to 25 May, 22 flying squadrons from 13 nations flew about 70 aircraft, 10 helicopters and a NATO AWACS from the base: F-16s, Eurofighters, Rafales, Gripens and Tornados, plus Gazelle, Puma and Merlin helicopters. The ministry called it the Polish Air Force&rsquo;s biggest undertaking of the year, with more than 2,000 personnel.<\/p>\n<p>The same squadron gave rise to the F-16 Tiger Demo Team Poland. It was formed in 2015 and first performed that September at the base&rsquo;s anniversary celebrations. Greek display pilots of the Zeus team trained the first Polish pilots. The team flies an ordinary front-line F-16C Block 52+ in tiger-striped paint. Capt. Robert G&#322;&#261;zka was its first display pilot. Maciej Krakowian took over in spring 2023, and sources give the date as late April or May.<\/p>\n<p>The team&rsquo;s run ended in grief at Radom on 28 August 2025. Krakowian, by then a major and team leader, was killed while rehearsing for the 18th Radom International Air Show, and the show was cancelled. His was the first fatal accident in almost two decades of Polish F-16 flying. Military prosecutors and the state accident commission are both investigating.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">05<\/span><span>Neighbours and noise<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Krzesiny sits inside the city limits of Pozna&#324;, and the arrival of the F-16 brought the base into court. On 17 December 2003 the Wielkopolska voivode set up a restricted-use area around the airfield (Regulation No. 50). Owners inside it could claim compensation for lost property value. Once the F-16s started flying in 2006, G&#322;os Wielkopolski reported protests by residents who did not want to live with the noise.<\/p>\n<p>The claims grew fast. G&#322;os Wielkopolski reported that owners in the zone sought nearly 280 million z&#322;oty. By early 2013 about 500 cases had cost the military roughly 39 million z&#322;oty, and some 200 more were pending. In a 2008 case (II CSK 367\/08) the Supreme Court ruled that owners did not have to prove that the flying was unlawful, because liability for aircraft operations is liability for risk.<\/p>\n<p>The courts then split. A 2008 change in the law moved the power to create such zones from voivodes to regional assemblies. The Supreme Administrative Court ruled in 2009 and 2010 that the 2003 regulation had therefore lapsed, while the Supreme Court and the ordinary courts went on treating it as valid. By the end of 2019 the question was before the Constitutional Tribunal. G&#322;os Wielkopolski reported that only about 1,500 of the roughly 4,500 residents entitled to compensation had filed a claim.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">06<\/span><span>An eastern-flank base since 2022<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Krzesiny&rsquo;s F-16s were on quick-reaction duty when Russia invaded Ukraine. Lt Col &#321;ukasz Gradzi&#324;ski, commanding the 6th squadron, told Polska Zbrojna that 24 February 2022 had started quietly, with no alpha scramble during the day. Then the alarm sounded at around four in the morning, and from that point the jets were in the air non-stop. Continuous air patrols along the eastern border followed.<\/p>\n<p>The base had already been used to test American plans for flying from dispersed airfields. From mid-July to mid-August 2018 it hosted the US Air Forces in Europe&rsquo;s first Deployable Air Base System exercise, with US Air Force, Air National Guard and US Army personnel. In April 2021 F-15Es and F-15Cs of the 48th Fighter Wing from RAF Lakenheath flew into &#321;ask and Krzesiny for an Agile Combat Employment exercise.<\/p>\n<p>The most visible allied presence has been Norwegian. Four Royal Norwegian Air Force F-35As from the 132nd Air Wing at &#216;rland landed at Krzesiny on 8&ndash;9 January 2025 under a Polish-Norwegian agreement of December 2024. They flew on NATO&rsquo;s integrated air and missile defence mission, guarding among other things the Rzesz&#243;w-Jasionka hub through which aid reaches Ukraine. On the night of 15 January 2025 two of them scrambled during a Russian missile attack on Ukraine. The first rotation ran into the summer, and a second one of four aircraft and about 100 personnel arrived in early October 2025.<\/p>\n<p>Polska Zbrojna described Norwegian F-35s and Polish F-16s working together from the same apron. Lt Col Micha&#322; Zloch, commanding the 3rd squadron, put it colloquially: on joint missions, he said, the F-35 is the one that breaks the door down. That was a preview of Poland&rsquo;s own fifth-generation future. The first Polish F-35 squadron is forming at &#321;ask, not Krzesiny, and Krzesiny&rsquo;s next step is the F-16V upgrade, signed in August 2025 for about 3.8 billion dollars net and due at WZL-2 in Bydgoszcz between 2028 and 2038.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>31st Tactical Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1940<\/div>\n<p>German work begins on the Focke-Wulf Posen-Kreising aircraft plant and its airfield between G&#322;uszyna and Krzesiny.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1944<\/div>\n<p>US B-17s bomb the plant on 29 May (Whit Sunday); the city chronicle puts the damage at 85 per cent of the buildings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1945<\/div>\n<p>The Red Army takes the airfield in March; the Soviet 836th Bomber Aviation Regiment flies Tu-2s from here to the Seelow Heights on 16 April.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1951<\/div>\n<p>The Polish 11th Fighter Regiment moves in from &#321;awica in April, according to Polot.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1954<\/div>\n<p>The 62nd Fighter Training Regiment is formed in September, flying MiG-15s and licence-built Lim-1s and Lim-2s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1957<\/div>\n<p>The unit becomes the 62nd Fighter Regiment and joins the national air defence system.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1959<\/div>\n<p>MiG-19P and MiG-19PM all-weather interceptors join the regiment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1962<\/div>\n<p>The first MiG-21s arrive after the airfield is rebuilt.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1994<\/div>\n<p>The regiment is renamed the 3rd Fighter Regiment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2001<\/div>\n<p>On 1 January the regiment becomes the 31st Air Base and the 3rd Tactical Air Squadron.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2002<\/div>\n<p>The new NATO-standard runway and apron are opened on 12 July.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2006<\/div>\n<p>The first F-16s land on 8 November, and President Lech Kaczy&#324;ski receives them on 9 November; the 6th squadron moves in from Powidz.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2008<\/div>\n<p>The 31st Tactical Air Base is formed, combining the 3rd and 6th squadrons.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2010<\/div>\n<p>Polish F-16s take over Quick Reaction Alert, and the first home-trained F-16 pilots graduate from the 3rd squadron&rsquo;s course.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2014<\/div>\n<p>The 6th squadron becomes a full member of the NATO Tiger Association.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2015<\/div>\n<p>The F-16 Tiger Demo Team Poland is formed and debuts at the base anniversary in September.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2018<\/div>\n<p>The first NATO Tiger Meet in Poland is held at Krzesiny, 14&ndash;25 May: 22 squadrons from 13 nations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2025<\/div>\n<p>Norwegian F-35As arrive in January and return in October; on 28 August Maj. Maciej Krakowian is killed at Radom.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"incidents\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Incidents &amp; stories<\/div>\n<h2>What happened here<\/h2>\n<div class=\"inc\">\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">29 May 1944<\/div>\n<h3>American bombers wreck the Focke-Wulf plant<\/h3>\n<p>On Whit Sunday 1944 American B-17 bombers attacked the Focke-Wulf plant at Krzesiny, which was building Fw 190 components. Danuta Bartkowiak writes that nearly 100 bombs destroyed workshops, hangars, aircraft and runways, and the 2009 Kronika Miasta Poznania puts the damage at 85 per cent of the buildings. The chronicle also says one warning bomb gave workers about ten minutes to reach shelter. Polot lists an earlier raid on 9 April 1944. None of these sources gives a casualty figure, so none is given here.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/kultura.poznan.pl\/mim\/kultura\/news\/historia,c,8\/armia-czerwona-w-krzesinach,147374.html\">Kronika Miasta Poznania \/ Posnania<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">20 November 1963<\/div>\n<h3>Two MiG-21s collide landing at night<\/h3>\n<p>During night flying at Krzesiny, two MiG-21F-13 fighters of the 62nd Fighter Regiment collided on landing. The Polot list of Polish MiG-21 accidents names the pilot of aircraft number 2016 as Lt Wawrzyniec Czapiga, who was killed at the scene. A local history compilation says the aircraft were poorly lit and that the other pilot landed safely. No official accident report has been published online.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/polot.net\/en\/accidents-and-catastrophes-of-mig-21-aircraft-in-poland-3320\">Polot<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">24 February 1969<\/div>\n<h3>A MiG-21 crashes straight after take-off<\/h3>\n<p>A MiG-21F-13 of the 62nd Fighter Regiment crashed immediately after taking off from Krzesiny, killing its pilot, Andrzej Lewandowski. The two compilations used here disagree on his rank and on the cause. The Polot list calls him a captain and gives no cause. The local history list calls him a lieutenant and blames engine failure on take-off. No official finding is available online, so the cause is left open here.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/polot.net\/en\/accidents-and-catastrophes-of-mig-21-aircraft-in-poland-3320\">Polot<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">1976&ndash;1977<\/div>\n<h3>The base commander and his deputy are killed in a two-seat MiG-21<\/h3>\n<p>The commander of the Krzesiny regiment, Romuald Rejewski, and his deputy, Antoni Babkiewicz, were killed when their two-seat MiG-21US crashed. The sources disagree on the date. The Polot list gives 7 July 1976 and aircraft number 4609. A local compilation gives 7 February 1976. The 2009 Kronika Miasta Poznania quotes a former serviceman who remembered it as June 1977, with the jet coming down just after take-off. All agree that both men died. The exact date is unconfirmed.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/wbc.macbre.net\/document\/6944\/focke-wulf-do-baz-czyli-dzieje-lotnictwa-w-krzesinach.html\">Kronika Miasta Poznania<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">20 November 1992<\/div>\n<h3>A MiG-21PFM pilot is lost in cloud<\/h3>\n<p>A MiG-21PFM, number 5614, of the Krzesiny regiment crashed near Pal&#281;dzie, and its pilot, Lt Roman Jacek, was killed. A local history compilation says the lighting of his artificial horizon failed and that he lost his orientation in cloud. The Polot list confirms the date, aircraft and death. The same sources record another MiG-21PFM pilot of the regiment, Capt. Ryszard Wilczek, killed near Jan&#243;w on 2 July 1986.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"http:\/\/naszage.prv.pl\/new-page\/katastrofy-i-kataklizmy\/wypadki-mig-ow.html\">Wypadki MiG-&#243;w z Krzesin (local history compilation)<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">15 September 2015<\/div>\n<h3>An F-16 is hit by an unidentified object, probably a drone<\/h3>\n<p>A Krzesiny F-16 was struck in flight by an unidentified object, probably a small drone. The jet&rsquo;s protective coating and its under-fuselage fuel tank were damaged. The pilot landed safely and the aircraft was taken off flying for inspection while a military commission investigated. Col. Rafa&#322; Zadencki, head of training at the 2nd Tactical Air Wing, told Radio Pozna&#324; that debris drawn into the engine could have forced the crew to eject. The object was never identified.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/radiopoznan.fm\/informacje\/pozostale\/uszkodzony-f-16-zderzenie-z-dronem\">Radio Pozna&#324;<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">28 August 2025<\/div>\n<h3>Tiger Demo Team leader killed at Radom<\/h3>\n<p>At about 19:25, during a rehearsal for the 18th Radom International Air Show, the F-16 flown by Maj. Maciej &ldquo;Slab&rdquo; Krakowian of the 31st Tactical Air Base crashed at Radom after a barrel roll and a failed dive recovery. He did not eject and was killed. He had flown the display since 2023 and had about 1,200 F-16 hours. The show was cancelled. It was the first fatal accident in almost 19 years of Polish F-16 flying.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/milmag.pl\/en\/poland-fatal-f-16-tiger-demo-team-crash\/\">MILMAG<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">September 2025 onward<\/div>\n<h3>The Radom crash inquiry<\/h3>\n<p>The Warsaw Regional Prosecutor&rsquo;s Office opened a case under Article 173 of the Criminal Code, which covers unintentionally causing an air disaster. On 4 September 2025 it reported that 48 witnesses had been questioned and that the flight recorders had been sent to an allied laboratory. The recorders were later read in the United States. Prosecutors said all of them had worked and held the technical data of the flight. The state accident commission is running its own inquiry. It cannot assign blame, and no final report had been seen when this page was compiled.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.pl\/web\/po-warszawa\/komunikat-o-dotychczasowych-postepach-sledztwa-w-sprawie-katastrofy-samolotu-f16-w-radomiu\">Prokuratura Okr&#281;gowa w Warszawie<\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"map\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Location<\/div>\n<h2>31st Tactical Air Base Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny and its neighbours<\/h2>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\" style=\"height:440px\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"nearbytbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Nearby base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Based types<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr data-base=\"powidz\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/powidz\/\">33rd Air Transport Base Powidz<\/a><\/td>\n<td>EPPW<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>C-130H Hercules, Mi-17, No assigned aircraft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"miroslawiec\">\n<td>12th Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Base Miros&#322;awiec<\/td>\n<td>EPMI<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Baykar Bayraktar TB2, General Atomics MQ-9A Reaper (leased), Aeronautics Orbiter, MQ-9A Reaper (USAF)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"pila\" class=\"was\">\n<td>Pi&#322;a Airfield<\/td>\n<td>EPPI<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1998<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Su-22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about 31st Tactical Air Base Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What flies from Krzesiny today?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">F-16C\/D Block 52+ Jastrz&#261;b multirole fighters of the 3rd and 6th squadrons of the 31st Tactical Air Base. The base belongs to the 2nd Tactical Air Wing, which is also headquartered in Pozna&#324;. How many F-16s are at the base now is not published; 32 were assigned to it when the type arrived.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>When did the first Polish F-16s arrive?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The first jets landed at Krzesiny on 8 November 2006 after crossing the Atlantic with air refuelling. President Lech Kaczy&#324;ski received them formally on 9 November. All 48 had been delivered by the end of 2008.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why does the base have a tiger squadron?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The 6th squadron joined the NATO Tiger Association, a club of squadrons with tiger emblems, as a full member in 2014. It hosted the NATO Tiger Meet at Krzesiny in May 2018, the first held in Poland, and still flies in the annual meets.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the F-16 Tiger Demo Team?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It is Poland&rsquo;s solo F-16 display team, formed at Krzesiny in 2015 and flying a tiger-striped F-16C. Its leader, Maj. Maciej Krakowian, was killed in a crash while rehearsing at Radom on 28 August 2025. Prosecutors and the accident commission are still investigating.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Are there foreign aircraft at Krzesiny?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">At times, yes. Four Norwegian F-35As flew from the base on NATO&rsquo;s air and missile defence mission from January to summer 2025 and again from October 2025. US F-15s came for an exercise in 2021. These allied jets are not part of the Polish Air Force.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Was Krzesiny always a Polish base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No. The Germans built it as a Focke-Wulf aircraft plant and airfield from 1940, and American bombers wrecked it in 1944. The Red Army used it from 1945. Polish fighter units moved in during the early 1950s, and the 62nd Fighter Regiment was formed there in September 1954.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why do neighbours sue the base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Because of jet noise. A restricted-use zone set up in 2003 let owners claim for lost property value, and claims grew after the louder F-16 arrived in 2006. The Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court disagreed about whether the zone still existed, and by 2019 the question had gone to the Constitutional Tribunal.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Krzesiny the same airfield as Pozna&#324;&ndash;&#321;awica airport?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No. &#321;awica, on the other side of the city, is Pozna&#324;&rsquo;s civil airport and was the German airfield that Greater Poland insurgents captured on 6 January 1919. Krzesiny is a separate military air base on the south-eastern edge of Pozna&#324;, with the ICAO code EPKS.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is 31st Tactical Air Base Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny still an active military air base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Active (two F-16C\/D squadrons; the first Polish F-16s landed here in 2006). The Polish Air Force operates it as 2nd Tactical Air Wing (2. Skrzyd&#322;o Lotnictwa Taktycznego), Pozna&#324;.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the ICAO code of 31st Tactical Air Base Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The ICAO code of 31st Tactical Air Base Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny is EPKS. The airfield sits at 84 m above sea level in Wielkopolskie (Greater Poland), at 52.3319 N, 16.9667 E.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How long is the runway at 31st Tactical Air Base Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">31st Tactical Air Base Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny has one runway: 11\/29, 2,500 m (8,202 ft), concrete.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which squadrons are based at 31st Tactical Air Base Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">31st Tactical Air Base Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny currently hosts 3rd Air Squadron (3. Eskadra Lotnicza) flying the F-16C\/D Block 52+ Jastrz&#261;b; 6th Air Squadron (6. Eskadra Lotnicza) flying the F-16C\/D Block 52+ Jastrz&#261;b.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which aircraft used to fly from 31st Tactical Air Base Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Over its history 31st Tactical Air Base Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny has hosted Royal Norwegian Air Force F-35A detachment (2025&ndash;) with the F-35A Lightning II.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What flies from Krzesiny today?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"F-16C\/D Block 52+ Jastrz\\u0105b multirole fighters of the 3rd and 6th squadrons of the 31st Tactical Air Base. The base belongs to the 2nd Tactical Air Wing, which is also headquartered in Pozna\\u0144. How many F-16s are at the base now is not published; 32 were assigned to it when the type arrived.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"When did the first Polish F-16s arrive?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The first jets landed at Krzesiny on 8 November 2006 after crossing the Atlantic with air refuelling. President Lech Kaczy\\u0144ski received them formally on 9 November. All 48 had been delivered by the end of 2008.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why does the base have a tiger squadron?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The 6th squadron joined the NATO Tiger Association, a club of squadrons with tiger emblems, as a full member in 2014. It hosted the NATO Tiger Meet at Krzesiny in May 2018, the first held in Poland, and still flies in the annual meets.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the F-16 Tiger Demo Team?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It is Poland\\u2019s solo F-16 display team, formed at Krzesiny in 2015 and flying a tiger-striped F-16C. Its leader, Maj. Maciej Krakowian, was killed in a crash while rehearsing at Radom on 28 August 2025. Prosecutors and the accident commission are still investigating.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Are there foreign aircraft at Krzesiny?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"At times, yes. Four Norwegian F-35As flew from the base on NATO\\u2019s air and missile defence mission from January to summer 2025 and again from October 2025. US F-15s came for an exercise in 2021. These allied jets are not part of the Polish Air Force.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Was Krzesiny always a Polish base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. The Germans built it as a Focke-Wulf aircraft plant and airfield from 1940, and American bombers wrecked it in 1944. The Red Army used it from 1945. Polish fighter units moved in during the early 1950s, and the 62nd Fighter Regiment was formed there in September 1954.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why do neighbours sue the base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Because of jet noise. A restricted-use zone set up in 2003 let owners claim for lost property value, and claims grew after the louder F-16 arrived in 2006. The Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court disagreed about whether the zone still existed, and by 2019 the question had gone to the Constitutional Tribunal.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Krzesiny the same airfield as Pozna\\u0144\\u2013\\u0141awica airport?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. \\u0141awica, on the other side of the city, is Pozna\\u0144\\u2019s civil airport and was the German airfield that Greater Poland insurgents captured on 6 January 1919. Krzesiny is a separate military air base on the south-eastern edge of Pozna\\u0144, with the ICAO code EPKS.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is 31st Tactical Air Base Pozna\\u0144-Krzesiny still an active military air base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Active (two F-16C\/D squadrons; the first Polish F-16s landed here in 2006). The Polish Air Force operates it as 2nd Tactical Air Wing (2. Skrzyd\\u0142o Lotnictwa Taktycznego), Pozna\\u0144.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the ICAO code of 31st Tactical Air Base Pozna\\u0144-Krzesiny?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The ICAO code of 31st Tactical Air Base Pozna\\u0144-Krzesiny is EPKS. The airfield sits at 84 m above sea level in Wielkopolskie (Greater Poland), at 52.3319 N, 16.9667 E.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long is the runway at 31st Tactical Air Base Pozna\\u0144-Krzesiny?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"31st Tactical Air Base Pozna\\u0144-Krzesiny has one runway: 11\/29, 2,500 m (8,202 ft), concrete.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which squadrons are based at 31st Tactical Air Base Pozna\\u0144-Krzesiny?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"31st Tactical Air Base Pozna\\u0144-Krzesiny currently hosts 3rd Air Squadron (3. Eskadra Lotnicza) flying the F-16C\/D Block 52+ Jastrz\\u0105b; 6th Air Squadron (6. Eskadra Lotnicza) flying the F-16C\/D Block 52+ Jastrz\\u0105b.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which aircraft used to fly from 31st Tactical Air Base Pozna\\u0144-Krzesiny?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Over its history 31st Tactical Air Base Pozna\\u0144-Krzesiny has hosted Royal Norwegian Air Force F-35A detachment (2025\\u2013) with the F-35A Lightning II.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around 31st Tactical Air Base Pozna&#324;-Krzesiny<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/polish-air-force\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The operator<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Polish Air Force<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Fleet, bases and order of battle of the service that flies from here.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Polish Air Force page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Based here<\/span><span class=\"rh\">F-16C\/D Block 52+ Jastrz&#261;b<\/span><span class=\"rp\">History, specifications and stories in the Book of Beasts.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the F-16C\/D Block 52+ Jastrz&#261;b story<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.pansa.pl\/ais\/eaipmil\/AIRAC%20AMDT%20MIL%2009-26_2026_09_03\/index-v2.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">MIL AIP Poland, MIL AD 4 aerodrome data (AIRAC AMDT MIL 09-26, effective 3 September 2026)<\/a><span>Polish Air Navigation Services Agency; reference points, elevations, runway designators, lengths and surfaces for EPKS, EPLK, EPMB, EPMM, EPSN, EPPW, EPDE and EPMI. Elevations converted from feet and rounded to the metre.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polska-zbrojna.pl\/home\/articleshow\/43133\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Polska Zbrojna: Generacje obok siebie (January 2025)<\/a><span>3rd squadron of 31 BLT; Norwegian F-35As at Krzesiny since December 2024; F-35 basing at &#321;ask and &#346;widwin<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polska-zbrojna.pl\/home\/articleshow\/25392\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Polska Zbrojna: Tygrysy nad Poznaniem (May 2018)<\/a><span>First NATO Tiger Meet in Poland; 6th squadron of 31 BLT<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-09-25.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pl-hero-poznan-krzesiny.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam 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