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#mfam .rondel{width:58px;height:58px} #mfam .finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/div>\n<h1>Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Force a&#233;rienne de la R&#233;publique d&#233;mocratique du Congo<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">The Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Force a&#233;rienne de la R&#233;publique d&#233;mocratique du Congo) was created in 1961 to answer Katanga&rsquo;s mercenary air arm, was kept flying in the 1960s by CIA-supplied aircraft and foreign pilots, decayed under Mobutu&rsquo;s Zaire, and in the 2020s has put Su-25s, Mi-24s and Chinese CH-4 drones into the war against the Rwanda-backed M23 &mdash; a war in which it lost the use of Goma and Kavumu airports in early 2025.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>2<\/b><span>Combat aircraft<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>3<\/b><span>Active air bases<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1961<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>9<\/b><span>Types retired<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1961<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Kinshasa (Ndolo)<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Commander<\/b>Franck Ngama Lebe<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>The Congolese air force story: an answer to Katanga in 1961, CIA aircraft and Cuban exiles in 1964 and the loss of Goma in 2025<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1960&ndash;1963: an air force born to fight Katanga&rsquo;s<\/h3>\n<p>The Congo became independent from Belgium on 30 June 1960 with no air force of its own. Katanga, under Mo&#239;se Tshombe, soon declared its secession and seized aircraft of the colonial Force Publique&rsquo;s aviation; its Aviation militaire katangaise was run by Belgian, French, British and South African mercenaries, among them the Polish fighter veteran Jan Zumbach, and flew Doves, T-6s, Dornier Do 28s and three Fouga Magisters against the UN force, ONUC. According to the English and French Wikipedia articles on the service, the Congolese air force was created in mid-1961 largely to oppose it. In practice the air war against Katanga was fought by the UN&rsquo;s own air component, and it was the UN that had full control of Katanga by 15 January 1963. What was left of the Katangese air arm was folded into the Congolese air force. It was a beginning that set the pattern for decades: the aircraft and the men flying them often came from somewhere else.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1964&ndash;1968: CIA aircraft, Cuban exiles and mercenary pilots<\/h3>\n<p>From late 1962 the United States supplied aircraft and pilots, and between 1964 and 1968 a CIA front company, Anstalt WIGMO, maintained much of the fleet. The US State Department&rsquo;s own documentary history, Foreign Relations of the United States, describes covert programmes that provided &quot;paramilitary and air support to the Congolese Government&quot;. When the Simba rebellion overran much of the east in 1964, about 200 Cuban exiles recruited by the CIA fought on the ground and flew for the Congolese air force, CIA-contracted pilots, some of them Bay of Pigs veterans, flew B-26K Counter-Invaders delivered in 1964, and the South African Jerry Puren led a group of mercenary pilots in armed Second World War trainers. On 24 November 1964 five US Air Force C-130s dropped 350 Belgian paratroopers on Stanleyville in Operation Dragon Rouge to free Western hostages. It worked militarily, but it was an air force Congolese in name more than in crews.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1971&ndash;1997: Zaire&rsquo;s air force, Shaba and the long decay<\/h3>\n<p>Mobutu Sese Seko renamed the country Zaire in 1971 and the service became the Force a&#233;rienne za&#239;roise. With French and Italian equipment &mdash; Aermacchi MB-326 jets, Mirage 5 fighter-bombers, C-130 Hercules &mdash; it looked, on paper, like one of the better-equipped air forces in Central Africa; the IISS counted 650 personnel and 21 combat aircraft in 1970 and 800 people and 33 aircraft by 1974, according to Wikipedia. When former Katangese gendarmes of the FNLC invaded Shaba from Angola in March 1977, Zairian Mirages bombed rebel positions, flown with help from about 50 Egyptian pilots and technicians, but it took 1,300&ndash;1,500 Moroccan troops flown in by French Transalls to end Shaba I, and French and Belgian paratroopers to retake Kolwezi in Shaba II in May 1978. By the mid-1980s funding had collapsed and aircraft were being used for private business; of the Mirages delivered, only three were left by the mid-1990s.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1996&ndash;2003: two Congo wars fought largely by other people&rsquo;s air forces<\/h3>\n<p>The air force played little part in the First Congo War of 1996&ndash;1997; most aircraft were unserviceable, and the Serbian mercenaries Mobutu hired, with some imported aircraft, made little difference. Laurent-D&#233;sir&#233; Kabila took Kinshasa on 17 May 1997 and the service became the air force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. When the Second Congo War began in August 1998 with a Rwandan-led airlift of troops in three hijacked aircraft to Kitona, it was the air forces of Kabila&rsquo;s allies that mattered: Zimbabwe&rsquo;s Hawks and Hunters struck rebel and Rwandan advances, and Angolan transports flew Zimbabwean armour into Kinshasa. Kinshasa did rebuild a strike element of its own; defenceWeb dates the first ten Su-25s to 1999. The war formally ended on 18 July 2003. Its death toll is contested: the International Rescue Committee estimated 5.4 million deaths, mostly from disease and hunger, while the Human Security Report Project argued for about 860,000 excess deaths.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2007&ndash;2024: a small strike force for the east<\/h3>\n<p>Jane&rsquo;s World Air Forces in 2007 found that few aircraft were flyable or could be restored and that the pilot school was &quot;in near total disarray&quot;; the service then had about 1,800 people in two air groups, five wings and nine squadrons, not all of them operational. Su-25s were lost in an unexplained disappearance in December 2006 and in a crash during the Independence Day display near Kisangani on 30 June 2007. The usable force became a small group of Su-25s and Mi-24 gunships, partly flown and maintained by foreigners: Bellingcat identified Georgian pilots in Goma from 2014, two of whom were on the Mi-24 that came down on 27 January 2017. When the M23 resumed its offensive in 2022, the Su-25s went to Goma, and on 7 November 2022 one landed briefly in Rwanda; Rwanda later fired on another on 24 January 2023, according to press reports cited by Wikipedia. Spending more than doubled in 2023 to US$794 million, according to SIPRI, and bought Chinese CH-4 drones and South African Mwari aircraft.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2025&ndash;2026: Goma, Bukavu and a war of drones<\/h3>\n<p>None of it stopped the M23 and its political wing, the Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC). Goma airport fell on 28 January 2025, with more than 1,200 Congolese soldiers surrendering there; Kavumu airport, the airfield for Bukavu, was taken on 14 February and Bukavu on 16 February. A UN Group of Experts reported that at least 6,000 Rwandan soldiers had been deployed in Congo and that Rwanda had supplied TB2 drones, air defence missiles and electronic warfare equipment; Rwanda denies supporting the M23. No reliable public count was found of the Congolese aircraft lost or captured at Goma and Kavumu, and none is given here. A US-brokered DRC&ndash;Rwanda agreement followed on 27 June 2025 and a Doha declaration with the M23 in July, but in 2026 the war turned on airfields again: the AFC\/M23 claimed drone attacks on Kisangani airport, the army&rsquo;s remaining hub in the north-east. The honest verdict is that the air force can still strike, but it cannot hold the air over its own east.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">From late 1962 the United States supplied aircraft and pilots, and between 1964 and 1968 a CIA front company, Anstalt WIGMO, maintained much of the fleet.<cite>Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo &middot; verified 2026-10-01<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>The Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Service<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Native name<\/dt>\n<dd>Force a&#233;rienne de la R&#233;publique d&#233;mocratique du Congo<span class=\"gnote\">The French name used by the French Wikipedia article on the service; French is the country&rsquo;s official language. The service is commonly abbreviated FAC (Force a&#233;rienne congolaise), the name of the 1960s air arm<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Founded<\/dt>\n<dd>1961<span class=\"gnote\">Created in mid-1961, largely to oppose the Katangese air arm, according to both Wikipedia articles; no exact founding date was found<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Earlier name<\/dt>\n<dd>Force a&#233;rienne za&#239;roise (FAZA), 1971&ndash;1997<span class=\"gnote\">The Zairian name under Mobutu; the service reverted to the Congo name after Kabila took power on 17 May 1997<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Part of<\/dt>\n<dd>FARDC (Forces arm&#233;es de la R&#233;publique d&#233;mocratique du Congo)<span class=\"gnote\">One of the three services of the Congolese armed forces; the commander-in-chief is President F&#233;lix Tshisekedi<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Headquarters<\/dt>\n<dd>Kinshasa, Ndolo airport<span class=\"gnote\">The 1st Air Group (1er Groupement a&#233;rien) is at Ndolo; the 2nd, tactical, Air Group is at Kamina<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Chief of staff<\/dt>\n<dd>Maj. Gen. Franck Ngama Lebe<span class=\"gnote\">From 27 October 2022 per French Wikipedia; defenceWeb dates him from 2021<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Strength<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Personnel<\/dt>\n<dd>About 2,500&ndash;2,550<span class=\"gnote\">defenceWeb (2025) gives about 2,500 and English Wikipedia 2,550. Jane&rsquo;s gave about 1,800 in 2007; the FARDC reform plan foresaw an air force of 10,000, a figure never reached<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Combat aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Su-25 &mdash; 5&ndash;6<\/li>\n<li>MiG-23 &mdash; 2, unserviceable<\/li>\n<li>Mi-24\/Mi-35 attack helicopters &mdash; 8&ndash;9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Availability is low: defenceWeb counts three of eight Mi-24s as damaged or unserviceable<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Drones<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>CASC CH-4 &mdash; 3&ndash;6 delivered of 9 ordered<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Nine CH-4 were ordered from China&rsquo;s CASC; deliveries reported range from three (IISS, 2023) to six (ADF, May 2024)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Transport<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Il-76 &mdash; 2&ndash;3<\/li>\n<li>An-26 &mdash; 1&ndash;3<\/li>\n<li>Boeing 727 and 737 &mdash; several, mostly VIP<\/li>\n<li>C-130H Hercules &mdash; 1 (defenceWeb)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Counts differ between defenceWeb and Wikipedia; several are VIP aircraft<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Helicopters<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>SA 330 Puma &mdash; 10, status unknown<\/li>\n<li>Mi-8\/Mi-17 &mdash; about 6<\/li>\n<li>UH-1H and Bell 206\/OH-58 &mdash; several, some second-hand from the US<\/li>\n<li>Mi-26 &mdash; 1, not operational<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">defenceWeb lists the Pumas as of unknown status and the Mi-26 as not operational<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Defence spending<\/dt>\n<dd>US$794 million (2023)<span class=\"gnote\">SIPRI figure reported by defenceWeb: an increase of 105 per cent, the largest in the world that year<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Infrastructure<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Air groups<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>1er Groupement a&#233;rien &mdash; Kinshasa (Ndolo)<\/li>\n<li>2e Groupement a&#233;rien tactique &mdash; Kamina<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Air bases and depth are covered on the stations page<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Training<\/dt>\n<dd>Kamina<span class=\"gnote\">The &#201;cole de vol and the &#201;cole de technique de l&rsquo;air are both at Kamina, according to French Wikipedia; Jane&rsquo;s described the pilot school as in near total disarray in 2007<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Lost to the M23\/AFC<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Goma &mdash; airport taken 28 January 2025<\/li>\n<li>Kavumu (Bukavu) &mdash; taken 14 February 2025<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Dates from Wikipedia&rsquo;s accounts of the 2025 offensives; both airports remained outside government control in the sources checked<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Under attack in 2026<\/dt>\n<dd>Kisangani (Bangoka)<span class=\"gnote\">The AFC\/M23 claimed drone attacks on the airport in early February and on 1 March 2026; local authorities said the drones were intercepted<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"structure\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Structure<\/div>\n<h2>How the Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is organised<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">One of the three services of the Armed Forces of the DRC, run from Ndolo in Kinshasa; the last published organisation, French Wikipedia&rsquo;s summary of Jane&rsquo;s for 2007, has a 1st Air Group in Kinshasa and a 2nd Tactical Air Group at Kamina. <span class=\"imp\">The strike force is small: five or six Su-25s, the only working jets, eight or nine Mi-24\/Mi-35 gunships, three of defenceWeb&rsquo;s eight damaged or unserviceable, and three to six Chinese CH-4 armed drones of nine ordered.<\/span> Su-25s flew against the M23 from Goma in 2022; where the strike aircraft are based today is not published.<\/p>\n<div class=\"org\">\n<div class=\"cmdcard\"><span class=\"cface mono\">FN<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"cmdtx\"><span class=\"crank\">Major General (g&#233;n&#233;ral major)<\/span><b>Franck Ngama Lebe<\/b><span class=\"cmeta\">Chief of Staff of the Air Force &middot; in office since 2022<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmdorg\"><span>Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/span><em>Force a&#233;rienne de la R&#233;publique d&#233;mocratique du Congo<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgrow\">\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Headquarters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">Force a&#233;rienne de la R&#233;publique d&#233;mocratique du Congo<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Kinshasa (Ndolo)<\/div>\n<p>One of the three services of the Armed Forces of the DRC (FARDC), with about 2,500 people; the commander-in-chief is President F&#233;lix Tshisekedi. French Wikipedia lists Maj Gen Franck Ngama Lebe as chief of staff from 27 October 2022, while defenceWeb&rsquo;s November 2025 profile dates him from 2021. He serves under the FARDC chief of general staff, General Jules Banza Mwilambwe according to Radio Okapi in July 2025.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Organisation<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>1st Air Group and 2nd Tactical Air Group<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">1er Groupement a&#233;rien, 2e Groupement a&#233;rien tactique<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Kinshasa and Kamina (as described in 2007)<\/div>\n<p>The last published organisation is French Wikipedia&rsquo;s summary of Jane&rsquo;s for 2007: the 1st Air Group in Kinshasa with liaison, training and logistics wings, and the 2nd, tactical, Air Group at Kamina with a fighter-attack wing and a tactical transport wing. Jane&rsquo;s then counted about 1,800 people in two air groups, five wings and nine squadrons, not all of them operational. The sources assign none of today&rsquo;s aircraft to either group.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Front line<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Su-25s and Mi-24 gunships<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<p>The only working jets are five or six Su-25s of 12 received, ten in 1999 and two in 2012, beside eight or nine Mi-24\/Mi-35 gunships, three of defenceWeb&rsquo;s eight damaged or unserviceable; the two MiG-23s are reported unserviceable. Two Su-25s deployed to Goma against the M23 in November 2022. The units that fly them and their present bases are not published.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Drones<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>CH-4 armed drones<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<p>Nine CASC CH-4s were ordered from China, as Africa Intelligence first reported in March 2023, for use against the M23; deliveries reported range from three (IISS, 2023) to six (ADF, May 2024). The CH-4 can carry bombs and air-to-surface missiles. Six Mwari surveillance aircraft from South Africa were still listed as on order in November 2025.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Transport and helicopters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Transport and helicopter fleet<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<p>Two or three Il-76s, one to three An-26s, a C-130H counted by defenceWeb and Boeing 727s and 737s used mostly for government and VIP flights. Helicopters include about six Mi-8\/Mi-17s, ten Pumas of unknown status, a Mi-26 that is not operational and UH-1Hs, with seven second-hand OH-58s and UH-1Hs acquired from the United States, as defenceWeb reported in 2024.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Training<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Flying School and Air Technical School<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">&#201;cole de vol, &#201;cole de technique de l&rsquo;air<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Kamina<\/div>\n<p>Both of the air force&rsquo;s schools are at Kamina, according to French Wikipedia. Jane&rsquo;s found the pilot school &quot;in near total disarray&quot; in 2007, and how much flying the base now sees is not published.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">In service<\/div>\n<h2>What the Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo flies today<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type on charge, linked to its Book of Beasts page where one exists. <span class=\"imp\">Counts are aircraft on the books, not aircraft available on a given day.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-yr\">\n<col class=\"c-units\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">In service<\/th>\n<th>Since<\/th>\n<th>Units<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph1\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\">Sukhoi Su-25 Frogfoot<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Ground attack<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1999<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>5&ndash;6. English Wikipedia lists 5 and notes one destroyed on 17 June 2026, an event not confirmed elsewhere; defenceWeb (November 2025) gives about 6 of 12 received (10 in 1999 and 2 in 2012). <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>French Wikipedia&rsquo;s older FARDC table gives 7.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph2\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mil Mi-24\/Mi-35 Hind<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Attack helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>8&ndash;9. defenceWeb gives 8 Mi-24K\/V\/B, 3 of them damaged or unserviceable; English Wikipedia gives 9 Mi-35.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 Flogger<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2, both unserviceable per defenceWeb (2025).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph3\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>CASC CH-4 (Caihong 4)<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Armed reconnaissance drone<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2023<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>3&ndash;6 of 9 ordered: IISS counted 3 CH-4B in 2023; ADF reported six delivered by May 2024; defenceWeb (2025) gives 3&ndash;6.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph4\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mil Mi-8\/Mi-17 Hip<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>About 6 per defenceWeb and English Wikipedia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Mil Mi-26 Halo<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Heavy-lift helicopter<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2005<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1, not operational per defenceWeb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph5\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>A&#233;rospatiale SA 330 Puma (and IAR 330)<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>10 per defenceWeb (status unknown) and Wikipedia, plus one Romanian-built IAR 330 listed by Wikipedia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/uh-1-huey\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph6\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/uh-1-huey\/\">Bell UH-1H Iroquois<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Utility helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>3&ndash;5: Wikipedia gives 3, defenceWeb 5.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph7\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Bell 206 \/ OH-58 Kiowa<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light helicopter<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2 Bell 206 per defenceWeb and Wikipedia; how many of the second-hand OH-58s are in service was not confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>A&#233;rospatiale SA 342 Gazelle and Alouette III<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light helicopters<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Wikipedia lists 3 Gazelles and 2 Alouette IIIs; defenceWeb does not list them, so their status is doubtful.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph8\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Mil Mi-2 Hoplite<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light helicopter<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2 per Wikipedia only.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Ilyushin Il-76 Candid<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Heavy transport<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2&ndash;3: defenceWeb 2&ndash;3, Wikipedia 3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Antonov An-26 Curl<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tactical transport<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1&ndash;3: defenceWeb 1, Wikipedia 3. Wikipedia also lists one An-74.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph9\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">Lockheed C-130H Hercules<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tactical transport<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1 per defenceWeb (2025); English Wikipedia lists the C-130 among former types, and French Wikipedia&rsquo;s older table gives 2.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph10\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Boeing 727 and 737<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>VIP and government transport<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>defenceWeb: 2 Boeing 727 and 1 Boeing 737 BBJ; Wikipedia: 1 and 2.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Embraer ERJ 135\/145 and CASA CN-235<span class=\"nflag nf9\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Brazil\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One of each per Wikipedia, which also reports a second CN-235 on order; not confirmed by defenceWeb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/l-39-albatros\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph11\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/l-39-albatros\/\">Aero L-39 Albatros<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Jet trainer<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2 per English Wikipedia only; not listed by defenceWeb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fleetchart\">\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Puma<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:100%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">10<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Mi-8\/17<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:60%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">MiG-23<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:20%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">2<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Bell 206<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:20%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">2<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Mi-2<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:20%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">2<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">L-39<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:20%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">2<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Mi-26<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:10%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">1<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">C-130H<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:10%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">1<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>On order<\/h3>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet ord\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-fd\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Ordered<\/th>\n<th>First delivery<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Paramount Mwari (AHRLAC)<span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Six reported by defenceWeb in June 2023 for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance; still listed as on order in November 2025. No delivery was confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>CASC CH-4 (balance of order)<span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2023<\/td>\n<td>Nine ordered; 3&ndash;6 reported delivered, so between three and six may remain outstanding. defenceWeb also reports talks on the Wing Loong II.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Indonesian Aerospace N-219 and CN-235<span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>English Wikipedia lists five N-219 and one more CN-235 on order; no other source was found, so the numbers are not confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"former\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Formerly operated<\/div>\n<h2>Every type the Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo has retired<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">9 types, from the On Mark B-26K Counter-Invader to the Dassault Mirage 5M and 5DM. <span class=\"imp\">Peak figures are airframes taken on charge over the whole service life, not fleet strength on any one date.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet former\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-srv\">\n<col class=\"c-rep\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Peak<\/th>\n<th>Served<\/th>\n<th>Replaced by<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph12\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Dassault Mirage 5M and 5DM<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter-bomber<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>11&ndash;14: the Mirage 5 article gives 11 Mirage 5M (of 14 built) and 3 two-seat 5DM delivered; the air force article gives 8 Mirage 5M, five lost in accidents by 1988.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/aermacchi-mb-326\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph13\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/aermacchi-mb-326\/\" class=\"was\">Aermacchi MB-326GB<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Jet trainer and light attack<\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>17 in 1974&ndash;1975 per French Wikipedia; the FARDC article&rsquo;s older table lists 14.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/a-26-invader\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph14\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/a-26-invader\/\" class=\"was\">On Mark B-26K Counter-Invader<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Counter-insurgency bomber<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1964&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-28-trojan\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph15\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-28-trojan\/\" class=\"was\">North American T-28 Trojan<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Armed trainer<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph16\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>North American T-6 Texan\/Harvard<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Armed trainer<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Katanga inherited eight from the colonial aviation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>de Havilland Canada DHC-5 Buffalo<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tactical transport<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Douglas C-47\/DC-3, DC-4 and DC-8<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Hawker Siddeley Andover<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>A&#233;rospatiale AS 332 Super Puma and Alouette II<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Helicopters<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"bases\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Air bases<\/div>\n<h2>Where the Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo flies from<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Black pins are active bases, hollow pins airfields out of air force use or out of government hands. <span class=\"imp\">Ndolo in Kinshasa, where the Force Publique&rsquo;s military aviation was established in October 1940 according to English Wikipedia, is the headquarters, and Kamina, built by Belgium from 1952, holds the flying and technical schools.<\/span> Goma airport has been under AFC\/M23 control since 28 January 2025, when, according to BBC News as cited by Wikipedia, more than 1,200 Congolese soldiers at the airport surrendered; the M23 claimed Kavumu on 14 February 2025, according to the Associated Press as cited by Wikipedia, with the adjacent air force base, according to the Africa Center for Strategic Studies. The DRC government regards the M23 as a rebel group backed by Rwanda; Rwanda denies supporting it. Coordinates are from English Wikipedia because the DRC AIP could not be reached; Ndolo&rsquo;s is approximate, and Kisangani has no published position and carries no pin.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><span>Click a pin to open the base page<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"basefind\" data-filter=\"#basetbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air bases\" placeholder=\"Search bases, province, units, aircrafts\" aria-label=\"Search bases, province, units, aircrafts\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"basefind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"basefind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"basetbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Runway<\/th>\n<th>Units and aircraft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr id=\"base-kamina\" data-base=\"kamina\" data-x=\"active active 2e Groupement a&#233;rien tactique, Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (as described in 2007) \">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/kamina\/\">Kamina<\/a><span>Haut-Lomami Province<\/span><\/td>\n<td>FZSA<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>13L\/31R<\/span>2,700 m<\/span><span><span>13R\/31L<\/span>2,700 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>2e Groupement a&#233;rien tactique (2nd Tactical Air Group)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>&#201;cole de vol (Flying School)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>&#201;cole de technique de l&rsquo;air (Air Technical School)<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>21e Escadre de chasse-attaque (21st Fighter-Attack Wing)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/aermacchi-mb-326\/\">Dassault Mirage 5M\/5DM<\/a>, Aermacchi MB-326K<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>22e Escadre de transport tactique (22nd Tactical Transport Wing)<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Belgian Air Force Advanced Pilots&rsquo; School<\/span>: <span>North American Harvard, Fouga CM.170 Magister<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>F 22 (Swedish Air Force Congo wing, ONUC)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/saab-29-tunnan\/\">Saab J 29B Tunnan<\/a>, Saab S 29C Tunnan<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-kitona\" data-base=\"kitona\" data-x=\"active active  \">\n<td>Kitona<span>Kongo Central Province<\/span><\/td>\n<td>FZAI<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>05\/23<\/span>2,400 m<span>paved<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-ndolo\" data-base=\"ndolo\" data-x=\"active active Air Force headquarters and 1er Groupement a&#233;rien NLO\">\n<td>Ndolo<span>Kinshasa<\/span><\/td>\n<td>FZAB<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>1er Groupement a&#233;rien (1st Air Group)<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>19e Escadre de soutien logistique (19th Logistic Support Wing)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\">Lockheed C-130 Hercules<\/a>, Douglas C-47 Dakota<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>12e Escadre de liaison (12th Liaison Wing)<\/span>: <span>Helicopters, Mitsubishi MU-2J, Cessna 310R<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>13e Escadre d&rsquo;entra&#238;nement (13th Training Wing)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-kisangani\" data-base=\"kisangani\" data-x=\"active civil  FKI\" class=\"was\">\n<td>Kisangani Bangoka International Airport<span>Tshopo Province<\/span><\/td>\n<td>FZIC<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-ndjili\" data-base=\"ndjili\" data-x=\"active civil  FIH\" class=\"was\">\n<td>N&rsquo;djili International Airport<span>Kinshasa<\/span><\/td>\n<td>FZAA<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>06\/24<\/span>4,700 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-goma\" data-base=\"goma\" data-x=\"active closed  GOM\" class=\"was\">\n<td>Goma International Airport<span>North Kivu Province<\/span><\/td>\n<td>FZNA<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2025<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>17\/35<\/span>3,000 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Mi-24 detachment (with Georgian contract crews)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mil Mi-24V Hind<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Su-25 deployment against the M23<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\">Sukhoi Su-25<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-kavumu\" data-base=\"kavumu\" data-x=\"active closed  BKY\" class=\"was\">\n<td>Kavumu Airport<small>Bukavu<\/small><span>South Kivu Province<\/span><\/td>\n<td>FZMA<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2025<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>17\/35<\/span>2,000 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"basefind\">No air base matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"oob\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Order of battle<\/div>\n<h2>Who is stationed where in the Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Flying units by base, current units first. <span class=\"imp\">Congolese units are air groups (groupements a&#233;riens) and numbered wings (escadres), such as the 21st Fighter-Attack Wing that flew Mirage 5s and MB-326Ks for Zaire at Kamina in the 1980s.<\/span> The sources assign none of today&rsquo;s aircraft to a unit, so the current groups and schools are listed without aircraft. The Mi-24s with Georgian contract crews and the Su-25s at Goma are listed with the dates of the evidence for them, and the Belgian flying school of the colonial years and the Swedish UN jet wing of the Katanga secession are marked as not Congolese.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"unitfind\" data-filter=\"#oobwrap\" data-item=\".oob\" data-noun=\"installations\" placeholder=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" aria-label=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"unitfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"unitfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"oobwrap\" id=\"oobwrap\">\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Haut-Lomami Province active 2e Groupement a&#233;rien tactique, Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (as described in 2007)\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/kamina\/\">Kamina Air Base<\/a> &middot; FZSA<\/span><em>2e Groupement a&#233;rien tactique, Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>2e Groupement a&#233;rien tactique (2nd Tactical Air Group)<small>Air group &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt>&#201;cole de vol (Flying School)<small>Flying training school &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt>&#201;cole de technique de l&rsquo;air (Air Technical School)<small>Technical training school &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">21e Escadre de chasse-attaque (21st Fighter-Attack Wing)<\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Dassault Mirage 5M\/5DM, Aermacchi MB-326K<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">22e Escadre de transport tactique (22nd Tactical Transport Wing)<\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\"><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Belgian Air Force Advanced Pilots&rsquo; School<small>1953&ndash;1960<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">North American Harvard, Fouga CM.170 Magister<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Kinshasa active Air Force headquarters and 1er Groupement a&#233;rien\">\n<div><span>Ndolo &middot; FZAB<\/span><em>Air Force headquarters and 1er Groupement a&#233;rien<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>1er Groupement a&#233;rien (1st Air Group)<small>Air group &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">19e Escadre de soutien logistique (19th Logistic Support Wing)<\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Lockheed C-130 Hercules, Douglas C-47 Dakota<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">12e Escadre de liaison (12th Liaison Wing)<\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Helicopters, Mitsubishi MU-2J, Cessna 310R<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">13e Escadre d&rsquo;entra&#238;nement (13th Training Wing)<\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\"><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"unitfind\">No unit matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo milestones, 1914 to today<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1960<\/div>\n<p>30 June: independence from Belgium. Katanga secedes and seizes colonial aircraft for its mercenary-flown air arm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1961<\/div>\n<p>Mid-year: the Congolese air force is created, largely to oppose the Katangese air arm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1963<\/div>\n<p>15 January: the UN has full control of Katanga; surviving Katangese aircraft pass to the Congolese air force.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1964<\/div>\n<p>CIA-supplied B-26Ks arrive and Cuban exile and mercenary pilots fly against the Simba rebels; 24 November: Operation Dragon Rouge at Stanleyville. WIGMO maintains the fleet from 1964 to 1968.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1971<\/div>\n<p>The country becomes Zaire and the service the Force a&#233;rienne za&#239;roise (FAZA).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1977<\/div>\n<p>8 March&ndash;26 May: Shaba I. Zairian Mirages bomb FNLC positions; Morocco flies in 1,300&ndash;1,500 troops on 9 April.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1978<\/div>\n<p>May: Shaba II. The FNLC takes Kolwezi; French Legion paratroopers retake it after a seven-day battle.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1988<\/div>\n<p>Five of the eight Mirage 5Ms counted by English Wikipedia have been lost in accidents.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1997<\/div>\n<p>17 May: Kabila takes power after the First Congo War; Zaire becomes the Democratic Republic of the Congo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1998<\/div>\n<p>August: the Second Congo War begins with a Rwandan-led airlift to Kitona; Zimbabwe&rsquo;s and Angola&rsquo;s air forces back Kinshasa.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1999<\/div>\n<p>Ten Su-25s are received, according to defenceWeb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2003<\/div>\n<p>18 July: the Second Congo War formally ends.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2007<\/div>\n<p>30 June: a Su-25 crashes at the Independence Day display near Kisangani, killing the pilot. Jane&rsquo;s finds few aircraft flyable.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2017<\/div>\n<p>27 January: Mi-24 9T-HM12 comes down in North Kivu with two Georgian pilots aboard.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2022<\/div>\n<p>November: Su-25s deploy to Goma against the M23; on 7 November one lands briefly in Rwanda. 27 October: Franck Ngama Lebe becomes chief of staff, per French Wikipedia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2023<\/div>\n<p>24 January: Rwanda fires on a Congolese Su-25. Nine CH-4 drones ordered from China; six Mwari reported in June. Military spending more than doubles to US$794 million.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2025<\/div>\n<p>28 January: Goma airport falls to the M23. 14 February: Kavumu airport is taken; 16 February: Bukavu falls. 27 June: DRC&ndash;Rwanda agreement signed in Washington.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>31 January&ndash;1 February and 1 March: the AFC\/M23 attacks Kisangani airport with drones; the authorities say they were intercepted.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Combat record<\/div>\n<h2>Every war the Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo has fought<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Sorties and losses where the record gives them, and an honest blank where it does not.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip dark\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>8<\/b><span>conflicts<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1960<\/b><span>First<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Aircraft lost<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Killed<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"gl cml\">\n<li><b>The Katanga secession and the UN operation in the Congo<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1960&ndash;1963<\/span> Created to oppose the Katangese air arm; the air war against Katanga was fought mainly by the UN&rsquo;s own air component<\/li>\n<li><b>The Simba rebellion<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1964&ndash;1965<\/span> Ground attack against the Simba rebels by aircraft supplied by the United States and flown largely by Cuban exiles and mercenaries; Belgian paratroopers were dropped from US aircraft to free hostages<\/li>\n<li><b>Shaba I<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1977<\/span> Mirage 5s bombed FNLC positions, with Egyptian pilots and technicians, while Moroccan troops were flown in by French aircraft<\/li>\n<li><b>Shaba II<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1978<\/span> The air force&rsquo;s own role is not documented in the sources checked; the town was retaken by French and Belgian paratroopers with US airlift support<\/li>\n<li><b>Deployment to Chad<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1980s<\/span> Three Mirage 5Ms deployed with 1,750 Zairian troops and helped train Chadian forces after Libya&rsquo;s incursion into northern Chad<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cbig\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/air-force-of-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo\/combat-record\/\">Open the full combat record<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about the Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What is the Congolese air force called in French?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Force a&#233;rienne de la R&#233;publique d&#233;mocratique du Congo, the name used by French Wikipedia&rsquo;s article on the service; French is the DRC&rsquo;s only official language. It is often abbreviated FAC, after the Force a&#233;rienne congolaise of the 1960s. Between 1971 and 1997 it was the Force a&#233;rienne za&#239;roise. The official FARDC website could not be reached to check its spelling.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What aircraft does the DRC air force fly in 2026?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Its strike force is a handful of <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\">Su-25<\/a> attack jets (5&ndash;6), 8&ndash;9 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mi-24\/Mi-35<\/a> gunships, of which defenceWeb counts three as damaged or unserviceable, and Chinese CH-4 armed drones. Two <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\">MiG-23s<\/a> are reported unserviceable. It also has Il-76, An-26, C-130H and Boeing transports, and <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mi-8\/17<\/a>, Puma and <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/uh-1-huey\/\">UH-1H<\/a> helicopters.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does the DRC have fighter jets?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Not in a meaningful sense. Its only working jets are Su-25 ground-attack aircraft; the two MiG-23 fighters on strength are reported unserviceable by defenceWeb. The Su-25s have been used against the M23 since November 2022.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened at Goma airport in 2025?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The M23 took Goma in late January 2025, and the airport fell on 28 January, when more than 1,200 Congolese soldiers surrendered. Kavumu airport near Bukavu was taken on 14 February and Bukavu on 16 February. No reliable public count was found of the aircraft the air force lost or left behind, so none is given here.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does the DRC use armed drones?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Nine CASC CH-4 drones were ordered from China, as Africa Intelligence reported in March 2023, to fight the M23. Deliveries reported range from three (IISS, 2023) to six (ADF, May 2024). The CH-4 can carry bombs and air-to-surface missiles.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did Rwanda shoot at a Congolese Su-25?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">On 24 January 2023 Rwanda said a Congolese <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\">Su-25<\/a> had violated its airspace and fired on it; Wikipedia reports the aircraft was damaged. On 7 November 2022 another Su-25 had touched down briefly in Rwanda, which Kinshasa said was unintentional.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does Rwanda support the M23?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">A UN Group of Experts report made public in July 2025 found at least 6,000 Rwandan soldiers deployed in the DRC, Rwandan &quot;strategic command and control&quot; over the M23, and Rwandan supply of TB2 drones, air defence missiles and electronic warfare equipment. Rwanda denies supporting the M23 and points to the threat from the FDLR.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who flew for the Congolese air force in the 1960s?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Largely foreigners. The CIA supplied aircraft and pilots from late 1962, its front company WIGMO maintained the fleet in 1964&ndash;1968, about 200 Cuban exiles fought and flew for the government against the Simba rebels, and mercenaries such as Jerry Puren flew armed trainers. CIA-contracted pilots flew <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/a-26-invader\/\">B-26K Counter-Invaders<\/a> delivered in 1964.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did Zaire fly Mirages?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Zaire bought Mirage 5M fighter-bombers and Mirage 5DM two-seaters from France: Wikipedia&rsquo;s Mirage 5 article gives 11 and 3 delivered, the air force article 8 Mirage 5Ms. They bombed rebels in Shaba in 1977 and three deployed to Chad. Five were lost in accidents by 1988, and the last three were reportedly sold in France by the mid-1990s.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who commands the DRC air force?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Major General Franck Ngama Lebe, chief of staff since 27 October 2022 according to French Wikipedia (defenceWeb dates him from 2021). He succeeded Maurice-Ren&#233; Diasuka dia Kiyana. The commander-in-chief of the armed forces is President F&#233;lix Tshisekedi.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the Congolese air force called in French?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Force a\\u00e9rienne de la R\\u00e9publique d\\u00e9mocratique du Congo, the name used by French Wikipedia\\u2019s article on the service; French is the DRC\\u2019s only official language. It is often abbreviated FAC, after the Force a\\u00e9rienne congolaise of the 1960s. Between 1971 and 1997 it was the Force a\\u00e9rienne za\\u00efroise. The official FARDC website could not be reached to check its spelling.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What aircraft does the DRC air force fly in 2026?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Its strike force is a handful of Su-25 attack jets (5\\u20136), 8\\u20139 Mi-24\/Mi-35 gunships, of which defenceWeb counts three as damaged or unserviceable, and Chinese CH-4 armed drones. Two MiG-23s are reported unserviceable. It also has Il-76, An-26, C-130H and Boeing transports, and Mi-8\/17, Puma and UH-1H helicopters.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does the DRC have fighter jets?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not in a meaningful sense. Its only working jets are Su-25 ground-attack aircraft; the two MiG-23 fighters on strength are reported unserviceable by defenceWeb. The Su-25s have been used against the M23 since November 2022.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened at Goma airport in 2025?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The M23 took Goma in late January 2025, and the airport fell on 28 January, when more than 1,200 Congolese soldiers surrendered. Kavumu airport near Bukavu was taken on 14 February and Bukavu on 16 February. No reliable public count was found of the aircraft the air force lost or left behind, so none is given here.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does the DRC use armed drones?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Nine CASC CH-4 drones were ordered from China, as Africa Intelligence reported in March 2023, to fight the M23. Deliveries reported range from three (IISS, 2023) to six (ADF, May 2024). The CH-4 can carry bombs and air-to-surface missiles.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did Rwanda shoot at a Congolese Su-25?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"On 24 January 2023 Rwanda said a Congolese Su-25 had violated its airspace and fired on it; Wikipedia reports the aircraft was damaged. On 7 November 2022 another Su-25 had touched down briefly in Rwanda, which Kinshasa said was unintentional.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does Rwanda support the M23?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A UN Group of Experts report made public in July 2025 found at least 6,000 Rwandan soldiers deployed in the DRC, Rwandan \\\"strategic command and control\\\" over the M23, and Rwandan supply of TB2 drones, air defence missiles and electronic warfare equipment. Rwanda denies supporting the M23 and points to the threat from the FDLR.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who flew for the Congolese air force in the 1960s?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Largely foreigners. The CIA supplied aircraft and pilots from late 1962, its front company WIGMO maintained the fleet in 1964\\u20131968, about 200 Cuban exiles fought and flew for the government against the Simba rebels, and mercenaries such as Jerry Puren flew armed trainers. CIA-contracted pilots flew B-26K Counter-Invaders delivered in 1964.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did Zaire fly Mirages?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Zaire bought Mirage 5M fighter-bombers and Mirage 5DM two-seaters from France: Wikipedia\\u2019s Mirage 5 article gives 11 and 3 delivered, the air force article 8 Mirage 5Ms. They bombed rebels in Shaba in 1977 and three deployed to Chad. Five were lost in accidents by 1988, and the last three were reportedly sold in France by the mid-1990s.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who commands the DRC air force?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Major General Franck Ngama Lebe, chief of staff since 27 October 2022 according to French Wikipedia (defenceWeb dates him from 2021). He succeeded Maurice-Ren\\u00e9 Diasuka dia Kiyana. The commander-in-chief of the armed forces is President F\\u00e9lix Tshisekedi.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"gallery\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Read the aircraft the Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo flew<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type with a page in the Book of Beasts, in service first, then by the year it left the fleet.<\/p>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\"><span class=\"im ph1\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sukhoi Su-25 Frogfoot<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mil Mi-24\/Mi-35 Hind<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 Flogger<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mil Mi-8\/Mi-17 Hip<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/uh-1-huey\/\"><span class=\"im ph6\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Bell UH-1H Iroquois<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/c-130-hercules\/\"><span class=\"im ph9\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Lockheed C-130H Hercules<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/l-39-albatros\/\"><span class=\"im ph11\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Aero L-39 Albatros<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/aermacchi-mb-326\/\"><span class=\"im ph13\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Aermacchi MB-326GB<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/a-26-invader\/\"><span class=\"im ph14\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>On Mark B-26K Counter-Invader<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1964&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-28-trojan\/\"><span class=\"im ph15\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>North American T-28 Trojan<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/security\/african-militaries\/democratic-republic-of-the-congo\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb: Democratic Republic of the Congo (military profile, 19 November 2025)<\/a><span>About 2,500 air force personnel; Su-25 ~6 (10 in 1999, 2 in 2012); Mi-24 8 (3 unserviceable); CH-4 3&ndash;6 of 9; Mwari 6 on order; transports and helicopters.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/african-news\/african-military-spending-up-22-in-2023-with-drc-leading-the-push\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb: African military spending up 22% in 2023 with DRC leading the push (23 May 2024)<\/a><span>SIPRI: US$794 million in 2023, up 105 per cent; nine CH-4, six Mwari, seven second-hand OH-58 and UH-1H.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/aerospace\/aerospace-aerospace\/democratic-republic-of-congo-emerges-as-mwaris-next-customer\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb: Democratic Republic of Congo emerges as Mwari&rsquo;s next customer (27 June 2023)<\/a><span>Six Mwari for the DRC; no delivery timeline.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thedefensepost.com\/2022\/11\/08\/dr-congo-fighter-jets-m23\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Defense Post: DR Congo Deploys Fighter Jets Against M23 Rebels (8 November 2022)<\/a><span>Two Su-25s deployed; Rwanda&rsquo;s statement on the airspace violation and the DRC reply.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/adf-magazine.com\/2024\/05\/drones-heavy-weapons-dominate-drcs-fight-with-m23\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ADF (Africa Defense Forum): Drones, Heavy Weapons Dominate DRC&rsquo;s Fight With M23 (28 May 2024)<\/a><span>Six CH-4 delivered; drones from Bulgaria and Turkey; Rwandan SAM fired at a UN drone in February 2024.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2023\/03\/china-sends-military-drones-to-drc-amid-fears-of-regional-war\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Diplomat: China Sends Military Drones to DRC Amid Fears of Regional War (20 March 2023)<\/a><span>Nine CH-4 from CASC, as reported by Africa Intelligence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bellingcat.com\/news\/africa\/2017\/06\/26\/strange-tale-georgians-congo\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bellingcat: The Strange Tale of the Georgians in Congo (26 June 2017)<\/a><span>Georgian Mi-24 pilots and trainers at Goma; Mi-24 9T-HM12 lost on 27 January 2017.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/world-report\/2025\/country-chapters\/democratic-republic-congo\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Human Rights Watch: World Report 2025 &ndash; Democratic Republic of Congo<\/a><span>At least five apparently unlawful attacks by the Rwandan military and M23 near Goma in 2024; Congolese artillery near displacement sites.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.radiookapi.net\/2025\/07\/30\/actualite\/securite\/le-vice-premier-de-la-defense-nationale-appelle-les-laureats-servir\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Radio Okapi: Le vice-Premier de la D&#233;fense nationale appelle les laur&#233;ats &#224; servir l&rsquo;&#201;tat (30 July 2025)<\/a><span>Names Jules Banza as FARDC chief of general staff (from the search listing).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.africanews.com\/2026\/02\/04\/afcm23-rebels-claim-responsability-for-drone-attack-on-kisangani-airport\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Africanews: AFC\/M23 rebels claim responsibility for drone attack on Kisangani airport (4 February 2026)<\/a><span>AFC\/M23 claim; local authorities say eight drones shot down.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/history.state.gov\/historicaldocuments\/frus1964-68v23\/preface\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">US Department of State, Office of the Historian: FRUS 1964&ndash;1968, Volume XXIII, Congo, 1960&ndash;1968 (preface)<\/a><span>Covert programmes providing paramilitary and air support to the Congolese government.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/african-news\/the-drc-conflict-enters-a-dangerous-new-phase\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb \/ Africa Center for Strategic Studies: The DRC conflict enters a dangerous new phase (6 March 2025)<\/a><span>M23 rebels &quot;overran Kavumu Airport and the adjacent air force base&quot; on their way to Bukavu.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.africanews.com\/2026\/03\/02\/drone-attack-targets-drcs-strategic-kisangani-airport\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Africanews: Drone attack targets DRC&rsquo;s strategic Kisangani airport (2 March 2026)<\/a><span>Tshopo provincial authorities blame the M23; four drones intercepted; no casualties reported.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-10-01. Order of Battle pages are regenerated from a single dataset; if a number here disagrees with a Book of Beasts page, this page is the more recent of the two.<\/p>\n<p class=\"verified\">Photographs: Photo: Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Filip.vidinovski \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Acroterion \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: SGT. Kimberly Yearyean \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: BAI73 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Don Ramey Logan \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Mfield &#8211; Matthew Field, http:\/\/www.photography.mattfield.com \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.5) &middot; Photo: &#321;ukasz Golowanow and Maciek Hyp&#347;, Konflikty.pl \/ Wikimedia Commons (Attribution) &middot; Photo: Piergiuliano Chesi \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 3.0) &middot; Photo: CaptainN1435S \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0) &middot; Photo: Articseahorse \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Rjcastillo \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Anidaat \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: USAF \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Balon Greyjoy \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0) &middot; Photo: Peng Chen \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam 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