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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; United States<\/div>\n<h1>Enstrom<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Enstrom Helicopter Corporation &middot; R.J. Enstrom Corp.<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">A self-taught mining engineer&rsquo;s helicopter company was owned in turn by a soap maker, a celebrity lawyer, the Segway&rsquo;s inventor and a Chinese investor, and came back from bankruptcy in 2022.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1959<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Active<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>7<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>6<\/b><span>Air forces flying its types<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Hunini \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>United States<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1959<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founders<\/b>Rudolph J. &ldquo;Rudy&rdquo; Enstrom<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Menominee&ndash;Marinette Twin County Airport, Menominee, Michigan<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Owner<\/b>Surack Enterprises (Chuck Surack), since May 2022<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Enstrom: the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">A mining engineer in the Upper Peninsula<\/h3>\n<p>Rudy Enstrom was a mining engineer in Michigan&rsquo;s remote Upper Peninsula with no aeronautical training and a determination to build his own helicopter. His first efforts were not outstanding, but they caught the eye of local businessmen, who backed him, hired experienced engineers and in 1959 incorporated the R.J. Enstrom Corporation. Its first product, the piston-engined F-28, was certified by the FAA in April 1965. By then <span class=\"imp\">Enstrom himself had been pushed out<\/span> of the company that still bears his name. A hallmark of the design, kept ever since, was hiding the main rotor pitch links inside the hollow rotor shaft to cut drag.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">F. Lee Bailey and the Shark<\/h3>\n<p>In October 1968 the household-products group Purex bought control, hoping for a turbine version that would take more than twenty years to arrive. In January 1971 it sold its stake to F. Lee Bailey, the celebrity criminal defence lawyer, who renamed the company and threw himself into it. Under Bailey the factory turned out <span class=\"imp\">more than a hundred helicopters a year<\/span>, and in 1974 he launched the streamlined 280 Shark, an immediate success. A stretched four-seat Hawk ran into technical trouble just as the economy cooled, draining the company&rsquo;s reserves, and Bailey sold up in 1979.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Kiam, Kamen and Chongqing<\/h3>\n<p>A procession of owners followed, among them Victor Kiam and Dean Kamen, later the inventor of the Segway. Kamen pushed through the turbine 480, born as the TH-28 for a US Army training competition that Enstrom lost; the commercial 480 was certified in November 1993 and found military customers including Japan&rsquo;s Ground Self-Defence Force and the Royal Thai Army. A Swiss investor bought the company in 2000, and in January 2013 the Chongqing Helicopter Investment Corporation of China. The Great Recession had cut the workforce to 60 and output to six helicopters in 2010; Chinese money lifted it to 200 people and 26 helicopters in 2013. Venezuela ordered sixteen 480s in 2014.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Bankruptcy and a second life<\/h3>\n<p>It did not last. In January 2022 Enstrom filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy; customer support ended on 19 January and the Menominee factory closed two days later with just 30 employees left. A first rescue bid collapsed when its finance fell through. In May 2022 Surack Enterprises bought the assets, won an FAA production certificate that December and flew <span class=\"imp\">the first new-build 480B in January 2023<\/span>. By May 2025 the revived company had more than 180 employees, had delivered helicopters to Zambia and Peru, and was launching 480B Signature and Elite versions; full FAA and EASA approval for new 480B deliveries followed in April 2026. More than 1,100 Enstroms had been built by 2011.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">So much work has gone into the helicopter, certifications, and even the factory.<cite>Chuck Wade &middot; senior vice president, Enstrom, on FAA and EASA approval, April 2026<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Enstrom in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>Founded 1959<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Founded in Michigan&rsquo;s Upper Peninsula by Rudy Enstrom and local backers<\/li>\n<li>Owners: Purex (1968), F. Lee Bailey (1971), Dean Kamen, a Swiss investor (2000), Chongqing Helicopter Investment (2013)<\/li>\n<li>Chapter 7 bankruptcy January 2022<\/li>\n<li>Bought by Surack Enterprises May 2022<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>F-28, 280 Shark, 480<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>More than 1,100 helicopters by July 2011<\/li>\n<li>F-28 certified April 1965<\/li>\n<li>280 Shark certified September 1974<\/li>\n<li>480 turbine certified November 1993<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>Restarted under Surack<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>480B Signature and Elite in production<\/li>\n<li>Piston 280FX recertification under way<\/li>\n<li>More than 180 employees (2025)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Military 480 users include Japan, Thailand, Venezuela, Zambia and Peru.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Helicopters built<\/dt>\n<dd>over 1,100<span class=\"gnote\">2011<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Helicopters built<\/dt>\n<dd>6<span class=\"gnote\">2010<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Helicopters built<\/dt>\n<dd>26<span class=\"gnote\">2013<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Piston helicopter deliveries<\/dt>\n<dd>22 (third in the market)<span class=\"gnote\">2018<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Employees<\/dt>\n<dd>30 at closure<span class=\"gnote\">2022<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Employees<\/dt>\n<dd>more than 180<span class=\"gnote\">2025<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable Enstrom aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Enstrom F-27<\/td>\n<td>Experimental helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Enstrom F-28<\/td>\n<td>Piston light helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>about 640 (F-28 to F-28F)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Certified April 1965<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Enstrom 280 Shark and 280FX<\/td>\n<td>Streamlined piston light helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Certified September 1974<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Enstrom 280L Hawk<\/td>\n<td>Four-seat stretched prototype<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Halted for lack of funds<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Enstrom TH-28<\/td>\n<td>Turbine military trainer<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Certified September 1992; lost the US Army NTH competition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Enstrom 480 and 480B<\/td>\n<td>Five-seat turbine light helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In production<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Rolls-Royce 250-C20W; Japan, Thailand, Venezuela, Zambia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Enstrom TH180<\/td>\n<td>Piston training helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"operators\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Who flies them<\/div>\n<h2>Enstrom aircraft in the world&rsquo;s air forces<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">6 air forces in the Order of Battle fly or flew Enstrom types. <span class=\"imp\">6 of them still have one in service.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"optbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Air force<\/th>\n<th>In service<\/th>\n<th>Formerly flown<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/bolivarian-military-aviation-of-venezuela\/\">Bolivarian Military Aviation of Venezuela<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Enstrom 480B and 280, Enstrom 480B<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/japan-ground-self-defense-force-aviation\/\">Japan Ground Self-Defense Force aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Enstrom TH-480B<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/pakistan-army-aviation-corps\/\">Pakistan Army Aviation Corps<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Enstrom 280FX<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/peruvian-air-force\/\">Peruvian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Light trainers: Zenair CH2000, Zlin Z-242, Schweizer S-300 and Enstrom 280<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/peruvian-naval-aviation\/\">Peruvian Naval Aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Enstrom F-28F Falcon<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/zambian-air-force\/\">Zambian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Enstrom 480B<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where Enstrom built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Menominee factory<\/b> &middot; Menominee&ndash;Marinette Twin County Airport, Michigan &mdash; Closed 21 January 2022; reopened under Surack Enterprises<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Rudolph J. Enstrom<\/b> &middot; founder, mining engineer &mdash; Removed from the company before the F-28 reached the market<\/li>\n<li><b>F. Lee Bailey<\/b> &middot; owner 1971&ndash;1979 &mdash; Criminal defence lawyer; launched the 280 Shark<\/li>\n<li><b>Dean Kamen<\/b> &middot; owner &mdash; Inventor of the Segway; introduced the 480<\/li>\n<li><b>Chuck Surack<\/b> &middot; owner since 2022<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Enstrom, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1959<\/div>\n<p>R.J. Enstrom Corporation incorporated<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1965<\/div>\n<p>F-28 receives FAA type certificate<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1968<\/div>\n<p>Purex Industries buys control<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1971<\/div>\n<p>F. Lee Bailey buys the company<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1974<\/div>\n<p>280 Shark certified<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1979<\/div>\n<p>Bailey sells the company<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1993<\/div>\n<p>Turbine 480 certified<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2000<\/div>\n<p>Sold to a Swiss investor<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2013<\/div>\n<p>Bought by Chongqing Helicopter Investment Corporation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2014<\/div>\n<p>Venezuela orders sixteen 480 trainers<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2022<\/div>\n<p>Chapter 7 bankruptcy; Menominee factory closes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2022<\/div>\n<p>Surack Enterprises buys the assets<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2023<\/div>\n<p>First new-production 480B flies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>FAA and EASA approval for new 480B deliveries<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Enstrom<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Is Enstrom still in business?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. The company went bankrupt in January 2022 but Surack Enterprises bought it in May 2022 and production restarted, with the first new helicopter flying in January 2023.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who owns Enstrom Helicopter?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Surack Enterprises, owned by Chuck Surack, since May 2022. From 2013 to 2022 it was owned by China&rsquo;s Chongqing Helicopter Investment Corporation.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did F. Lee Bailey own a helicopter company?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. The defence lawyer bought Enstrom in 1971 and ran it until 1979, launching the 280 Shark.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many Enstrom helicopters have been built?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">More than 1,100 by July 2011.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What engine does the Enstrom 480 use?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">A Rolls-Royce Model 250 turboshaft, the C20W variant.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Enstrom still in business?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. The company went bankrupt in January 2022 but Surack Enterprises bought it in May 2022 and production restarted, with the first new helicopter flying in January 2023.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who owns Enstrom Helicopter?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Surack Enterprises, owned by Chuck Surack, since May 2022. From 2013 to 2022 it was owned by China\\u2019s Chongqing Helicopter Investment Corporation.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did F. Lee Bailey own a helicopter company?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. The defence lawyer bought Enstrom in 1971 and ran it until 1979, launching the 280 Shark.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many Enstrom helicopters have been built?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"More than 1,100 by July 2011.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What engine does the Enstrom 480 use?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A Rolls-Royce Model 250 turboshaft, the C20W variant.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Enstrom<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/bell\/\"><span class=\"rk\">United States<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Bell<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The Buffalo firm that built America&rsquo;s first jet fighter and the first aircraft through the sound barrier reinvented itself as the helicopter company &mdash; and&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Bell page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/cessna\/\"><span class=\"rk\">United States<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Cessna<\/span><span class=\"rp\">A Kansas farm boy&rsquo;s backyard monoplane grew into the company that has built more aeroplanes than anyone &mdash; from the Skyhawk most pilots learn on to the&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Cessna page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enstrom_Helicopter_Corporation\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Enstrom Helicopter Corporation, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enstrom_F-28\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Enstrom F-28, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enstrom_480\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Enstrom 480, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/enstromhelicopter.com\/2025\/a-message-from-the-board-of-directors\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">A message from the Board of Directors, Enstrom, May 2025<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/verticalmag.com\/news\/enstrom-receives-faa-and-easa-approval\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Enstrom receives FAA and EASA approval, Vertical Mag, April 2026<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w16-jp-t-1512.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .nflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aircraft-manufacturer-country-flags-v4.png)!important}#mfam .nf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .nf1{background-position:-24px -2px}#mfam .nf2{background-position:-46px -2px}#mfam .nf3{background-position:-68px -2px}#mfam .nf4{background-position:-90px -2px}#mfam .nf5{background-position:-112px -2px}#mfam .nf6{background-position:-134px -2px}#mfam .nf7{background-position:-156px -2px}#mfam .nf8{background-position:-178px -2px}#mfam .nf9{background-position:-200px -2px}#mfam .nf10{background-position:-222px -2px}<\/style>\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" 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Enstrom Corp. A self-taught mining engineer&rsquo;s helicopter company was owned in turn by a soap maker, a celebrity lawyer, the Segway&rsquo;s inventor and a Chinese investor, and came back from bankruptcy in 2022. 1959Founded ActiveStatus 7Aircraft on record 6Air forces [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":31477,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-32214","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Enstrom | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/ar\/\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a\/\u0625\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Enstrom | MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Order of Battle &middot; Aircraft manufacturers &middot; United States Enstrom Enstrom Helicopter Corporation &middot; R.J. 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