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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; United Kingdom<\/div>\n<h1>Gloster<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Gloster Aircraft Company Limited &middot; The Gloucestershire Aircraft Company Limited &middot; GAC<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">A Cheltenham wartime subcontractor built the RAF&rsquo;s last biplane fighter, then, in a secret garage workshop, Britain&rsquo;s first jet and the only Allied jet fighter to see combat in the Second World War.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1917<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/hawker-siddeley\/\">Hawker Siddeley<\/a> in 1963<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>14<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>22<\/b><span>Air forces flying its types<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Royal Air Force Gladiator. San Diego Air &amp; Space Museum Archives \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>United Kingdom<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1917<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founders<\/b>Hugh Burroughes, H. H. Martyn &amp; Co., Airco (George Holt Thomas)<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Brockworth (Hucclecote), Gloucestershire<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/hawker-siddeley\/\">Hawker Siddeley<\/a> in 1963<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Gloster: the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">A name foreigners could say<\/h3>\n<p>Gloster began life with a name its customers could not pronounce. The Gloucestershire Aircraft Company was formed in 1917, in the middle of the First World War, by Hugh Burroughes and the Cheltenham architectural engineers H. H. Martyn, who held half the shares, with the aircraft maker Airco holding the other half. Airco wanted extra capacity, and got it: working from rented premises at Sunningend in Cheltenham, the firm was <span class=\"imp\">turning out 45 Bristol Fighters a week<\/span> by the spring of 1918. Finished aircraft went seven miles by road, wings off, to an acceptance park at Brockworth. In December 1926 the board gave up on overseas buyers mangling Gloucestershire and shortened the name to Gloster. Locals and workers just called it GAC.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Folland&rsquo;s racers<\/h3>\n<p>Peace nearly finished the company: Airco collapsed and Gloster was only partly compensated for cancelled orders. Its rescue came from a rival&rsquo;s failure. In 1920 Nieuport &amp; General closed, and Gloster hired its chief designer, Henry Folland, along with the rights to his Nighthawk fighter and a store of unassembled parts. Those parts became the Sparrowhawk, 50 of which were built for the Imperial Japanese Navy in six months and flown off ramps <span class=\"imp\">mounted on battleship gun turrets<\/span>. Folland then turned to speed. The Gloster I set a British record of 196.4 mph, the Gloster III came second in the 1925 Schneider Trophy race, and in 1929 the gold-painted Gloster VI, nicknamed Golden Arrow, held the world absolute speed record for a few hours.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Biplanes to the very end<\/h3>\n<p>Through the 1920s and 1930s Gloster was the RAF&rsquo;s biplane fighter specialist. The Grebe of 1923 was followed by the Gamecock, which the Finns built under licence as the Kukko and flew in the Winter War. The Gauntlet, from 1935 the fastest aircraft in RAF service, was the last RAF fighter with an open cockpit. Then came the Gladiator, first flown on 12 September 1934 and <span class=\"imp\">the RAF&rsquo;s last biplane fighter<\/span>. Obsolescent almost as soon as it arrived, it still fought everywhere: from a frozen lake at Lesjaskog in Norway, in Greece, and over Malta, where a handful of Sea Gladiators gave rise to the legend of Faith, Hope and Charity. South African Pat Pattle scored 15 of his victories in one.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Building the boss&rsquo;s fighters<\/h3>\n<p>In 1934 Gloster was bought by Hawker, and in 1935 it became part of the new Hawker Siddeley group. Folland left. When war came in 1939 Gloster had no modern design of its own in production, but it had a big factory at Brockworth and skilled hands, and it put both to work for its parent. It built 1,000 Hawker Hurricanes in the first twelve months of the war and <span class=\"imp\">2,750 in all<\/span>, the last in 1942. Then it switched to the Hawker Typhoon and built some 3,300 of them, almost the entire production run. The design office, meanwhile, had very little to do. That turned out to matter a great deal.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The secret in the garage<\/h3>\n<p>On 28 April 1939 Frank Whittle visited Gloster and met its chief designer, George Carter, who took a keen interest in the working jet engine he was shown. Because Gloster&rsquo;s design office had spare capacity, the Air Ministry gave it the contract for Britain&rsquo;s first jet aircraft in early 1940. Two airframes were built in secrecy, and to keep one safe from bombing it was assembled away from Brockworth, <span class=\"imp\">in the Regent Motors garage in Cheltenham<\/span>. On 15 May 1941, at RAF Cranwell, chief test pilot Gerry Sayer took the E.28\/39 up under jet power for 17 minutes. Sayer never saw what followed: he disappeared on a Typhoon flight in October 1942.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Meteor<\/h3>\n<p>The fighter that followed was the Meteor. It first flew on 5 March 1943 and went into action with No. 616 Squadron on 27 July 1944, only weeks after the German Me 262, as the only Allied jet to fly combat operations in the war. Its first job was chasing V-1 flying bombs, and pilots learned to tip them over with a wingtip. After the war Meteors set the first official jet speed record, <span class=\"imp\">606 mph in November 1945<\/span>, and then 616 mph in 1946. Some 3,947 were built and twelve nations flew them. The price was high: 890 were lost in RAF service, with 450 pilots killed, many before ejection seats were fitted. As of 2023, two Meteors were still flying, as Martin-Baker ejection seat testbeds.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Too big for its own runway<\/h3>\n<p>Gloster&rsquo;s last fighter was the delta-winged Javelin, the RAF&rsquo;s first purpose-built all-weather interceptor, which first flew on 26 November 1951. It was so heavy that it could not take off fully fuelled from the short Brockworth runway; each one was stripped down and <span class=\"imp\">hopped seven miles to Moreton Valence<\/span> to be finished. That shortage of facilities, and the rationalisation of the British industry, sealed the company&rsquo;s fate. In 1961 Gloster merged with Armstrong Whitworth as Whitworth Gloster Aircraft, and in 1963 the name disappeared into Hawker Siddeley Aviation. Brockworth was sold in 1964. For a while Gloster Saro built fire engines and fuel tankers at Hucclecote; today the airfield lies under an industrial estate.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">A Cheltenham wartime subcontractor built the RAF&rsquo;s last biplane fighter, then, in a secret garage workshop, Britain&rsquo;s first jet and the only Allied jet fighter to see combat in the Second World War.<cite>Gloster &middot; verified 2026-10-03<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Gloster in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>Founded 1917<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Formed in Cheltenham as the Gloucestershire Aircraft Company<\/li>\n<li>Owned half by Hugh Burroughes and H. H. Martyn, half by Airco<\/li>\n<li>Renamed Gloster in December 1926<\/li>\n<li>Owned by Hawker from 1934, part of Hawker Siddeley from 1935<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>Gladiator and Meteor<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Famous types: Grebe, Gamecock, Gauntlet, Gladiator, Meteor, Javelin<\/li>\n<li>Built Britain&rsquo;s first jet, the E.28\/39, flown in 1941<\/li>\n<li>3,947 Meteors built, the first British jet fighter<\/li>\n<li>Also built 2,750 Hurricanes and about 3,300 Typhoons for Hawker<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>Name retired 1963<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Merged with Armstrong Whitworth in 1961<\/li>\n<li>Absorbed into Hawker Siddeley Aviation in 1963<\/li>\n<li>Brockworth site sold in 1964 and now an industrial estate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">As of 2023, two Gloster Meteors were still flying with Martin-Baker as ejection seat test aircraft.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Meteors built<\/dt>\n<dd>3,947<\/dd>\n<dt>Nations that flew the Meteor<\/dt>\n<dd>12<\/dd>\n<dt>Gladiators built<\/dt>\n<dd>747, 216 exported to 13 countries<\/dd>\n<dt>Hawker Hurricanes built by Gloster<\/dt>\n<dd>2,750<\/dd>\n<dt>Hawker Typhoons built by Gloster<\/dt>\n<dd>about 3,300<\/dd>\n<dt>Javelins built<\/dt>\n<dd>about 435 including prototypes<\/dd>\n<dt>Bristol Fighter output<\/dt>\n<dd>45 a week<span class=\"gnote\">1918<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Meteors lost in RAF service<\/dt>\n<dd>890, with 450 pilots killed<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable Gloster aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-gauntlet\/\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Gloster Gauntlet<\/b><em>Day and night fighter &middot; first flight 1933 &middot; 245, including 17 built in Denmark built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-gladiator\/\"><span class=\"im ph1\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Gloster Gladiator<\/b><em>Day fighter &middot; first flight 1934 &middot; 747 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-meteor\/\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Gloster Meteor<\/b><em>Jet fighter, night fighter and trainer &middot; first flight 1943 &middot; 3,947 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-javelin\/\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Gloster Javelin<\/b><em>All-weather interceptor &middot; first flight 1951 &middot; about 435 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"pcred\">Photos: Royal Air Force Gauntlet. San Diego Air &amp; Space Museum Archives \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain); Royal Air Force Gladiator. San Diego Air &amp; Space Museum Archives \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain); Adrian Pingstone &#183; Public domain; U.S. Navy &#183; Public domain<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"acfind\" data-filter=\"#mfrtbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"aircraft\" placeholder=\"Search aircraft, roles, years\" aria-label=\"Search aircraft, roles, years\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"acfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"acfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Gloster Sparrowhawk<\/td>\n<td>Naval fighter and trainer<\/td>\n<td>1921<\/td>\n<td>50, plus 40 assembled in Japan<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Built for the Imperial Japanese Navy from Nighthawk parts; flown from ramps on battleship turrets<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gloster I (Mars I)<\/td>\n<td>Racing aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1921<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Set a British speed record of 196.4 mph; later a Schneider Trophy trainer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gloster Grebe<\/td>\n<td>Day fighter<\/td>\n<td>1923<\/td>\n<td>133<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Two were trialled hanging beneath the airship R33 as parasite fighters<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gloster Gamecock<\/td>\n<td>Day and night fighter<\/td>\n<td>1925<\/td>\n<td>90 Mk I for the RAF<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>15 more licence-built in Finland as the Kukko and flown in the Winter War<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gloster III<\/td>\n<td>Schneider Trophy racing floatplane<\/td>\n<td>1925<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Second in the 1925 Schneider Trophy, flown by Hubert Broad<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gloster IV<\/td>\n<td>Schneider Trophy racing floatplane<\/td>\n<td>1927<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Gull-winged biplane; later used as trainers by the RAF High Speed Flight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gloster VI Golden Arrow<\/td>\n<td>Schneider Trophy racing floatplane<\/td>\n<td>1929<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Briefly held the world absolute speed record in 1929<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-gauntlet\/\">Gloster Gauntlet<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Day and night fighter<\/td>\n<td>1933<\/td>\n<td>245, including 17 built in Denmark<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fastest RAF aircraft 1935&ndash;1937; last RAF fighter with an open cockpit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-gladiator\/\">Gloster Gladiator<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Day fighter<\/td>\n<td>1934<\/td>\n<td>747<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>The RAF&rsquo;s last biplane fighter; fought in Norway, Malta, Greece, Finland and China<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hawker Hurricane (Gloster-built)<\/td>\n<td>Fighter, built for parent Hawker<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2,750<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1,000 delivered in the first twelve months of the war<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hawker Typhoon (Gloster-built)<\/td>\n<td>Fighter-bomber, built for parent Hawker<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>about 3,300<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Almost the entire production of the type<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gloster E.28\/39<\/td>\n<td>Experimental jet<\/td>\n<td>1941<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Britain&rsquo;s first jet aircraft, powered by Whittle&rsquo;s W.1 engine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-meteor\/\">Gloster Meteor<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Jet fighter, night fighter and trainer<\/td>\n<td>1943<\/td>\n<td>3,947<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>The only Allied jet in combat in WWII; RAF target tugs flew until 1982<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-javelin\/\">Gloster Javelin<\/a><\/td>\n<td>All-weather interceptor<\/td>\n<td>1951<\/td>\n<td>about 435<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Delta-winged; 302 built by Gloster, 133 by Armstrong Whitworth; withdrawn in 1968<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"operators\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Who flies them<\/div>\n<h2>Gloster aircraft in the world&rsquo;s air forces<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">22 air forces in the Order of Battle fly or flew Gloster types. <span class=\"imp\">0 of them still have one in service.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"opfind\" data-filter=\"#optbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air forces\" placeholder=\"Search air forces and types\" aria-label=\"Search air forces and types\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"opfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"opfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"optbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Air force<\/th>\n<th>In service<\/th>\n<th>Formerly flown<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/argentine-air-force\/\">Argentine Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-meteor\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Meteor F.4<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/belgian-air-force\/\">Belgian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-meteor\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Meteor F.8<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-meteor\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Meteor F.4<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-gladiator\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Gladiator<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/brazilian-air-force\/\">Brazilian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-meteor\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Meteor F.8 and T.7 (F-8, TF-7)<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/ecuadorian-air-force\/\">Ecuadorian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-meteor\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Meteor FR.9<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/egyptian-air-force\/\">Egyptian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-gladiator\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Gladiator<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-meteor\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Meteor F4<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/finnish-air-force\/\">Finnish Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-gladiator\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Gladiator Mk II<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/hellenic-air-force\/\">Hellenic Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-gladiator\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Gladiator<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/iraqi-air-force\/\">Iraqi Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-gladiator\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Gladiator<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/irish-air-corps\/\">Irish Air Corps<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-gladiator\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Gladiator I<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/israeli-air-force\/\">Israeli Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-meteor\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Meteor<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/latvian-air-force\/\">Latvian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-gladiator\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Gladiator<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/lithuanian-air-force\/\">Lithuanian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-gladiator\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Gladiator<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/portuguese-air-force\/\">Portuguese Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-gladiator\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Gladiator II<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-kingdom-royal-air-force\/\">Royal Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-javelin\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Javelin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-meteor\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Meteor<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-gladiator\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Gladiator<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-gauntlet\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Gauntlet<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-australian-air-force\/\">Royal Australian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-meteor\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Meteor F.8<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-gladiator\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Gladiator<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-gauntlet\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Gauntlet<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-danish-air-force\/\">Royal Danish Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-meteor\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Meteor F.4, T.7, F.8, NF.11 and TT.20<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-netherlands-air-and-space-force\/\">Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-meteor\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Meteor F.4, T.7 and F.8<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-new-zealand-air-force\/\">Royal New Zealand Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-meteor\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Meteor F.3<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-norwegian-air-force\/\">Royal Norwegian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-gladiator\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Gladiator<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/south-african-air-force\/\">South African Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-gladiator\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Gladiator Mk I and II<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-gauntlet\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Gauntlet Mk II<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/swedish-air-force\/\">Swedish Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-gladiator\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Gladiator (J 8, J 8A)<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/syrian-air-force\/\">Syrian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gloster-meteor\/\" class=\"was\">Gloster Meteor F.8, T.7 and FR.9<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where Gloster built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Sunningend works<\/b> &middot; Cheltenham, Gloucestershire &mdash; Rented H. H. Martyn premises where the company started in 1917<\/li>\n<li><b>Brockworth (Hucclecote) works and aerodrome<\/b> &middot; Brockworth, Gloucestershire &mdash; Bought in 1928; main factory until sold in 1964<\/li>\n<li><b>Regent Motors<\/b> &middot; Cheltenham &mdash; Garage where one E.28\/39 was built in secret away from bombing<\/li>\n<li><b>RAF Moreton Valence<\/b> &middot; Gloucestershire &mdash; Flight test airfield where Javelins were completed and Meteors first flew<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Hugh Burroughes<\/b> &middot; co-founder and director &mdash; Lived 1884&ndash;1985<\/li>\n<li><b>Henry Folland<\/b> &middot; chief designer, 1920&ndash;1934 &mdash; Came from Nieuport &amp; General; designed the Grebe, Gamecock, Gauntlet and Gladiator; left after the Hawker takeover<\/li>\n<li><b>George Carter<\/b> &middot; chief designer, 1936&ndash;1948 &mdash; Laid out the E.28\/39 and the Meteor with Frank Whittle<\/li>\n<li><b>Gerry Sayer<\/b> &middot; chief test pilot, 1935&ndash;1942 &mdash; Flew the Gladiator prototype and the first jet flight of the E.28\/39<\/li>\n<li><b>Frank Whittle<\/b> &middot; jet engine pioneer &mdash; His Power Jets engines powered the E.28\/39 and the Meteor<\/li>\n<li><b>Janusz &#379;urakowski<\/b> &middot; test pilot &mdash; Performed his cartwheel manoeuvre in a Meteor at Farnborough in 1951<\/li>\n<li><b>Bill Waterton<\/b> &middot; chief test pilot, 1947&ndash;1954 &mdash; Flew 614 mph in the 1946 High Speed Flight<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Records and firsts<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>British speed record of 196.4 mph, Gloster I<\/li>\n<li>World absolute speed record, Gloster VI, 1929, held for a few hours<\/li>\n<li>First British jet flight, E.28\/39, 15 May 1941<\/li>\n<li>First official jet speed record, 606 mph, Meteor F.3, 7 November 1945<\/li>\n<li>World speed record of 616 mph, Meteor F.4, 1946<\/li>\n<li>First turboprop aircraft to fly, a Trent-engined Meteor, 20 September 1945<\/li>\n<li>Jet endurance record of 12 hours 3 minutes with air refuelling, 7 August 1949<\/li>\n<li>London&ndash;Copenhagen&ndash;London speed record, Meteor F.8, 4&ndash;5 April 1950<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Gloster, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1917<\/div>\n<p>Gloucestershire Aircraft Company formed by Hugh Burroughes, H. H. Martyn and Airco<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1918<\/div>\n<p>Producing 45 Bristol Fighters a week at Sunningend, Cheltenham<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1920<\/div>\n<p>Henry Folland and the Nighthawk rights acquired from Nieuport &amp; General<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1923<\/div>\n<p>Grebe fighter first flies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1925<\/div>\n<p>Gloster III second in the Schneider Trophy race<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1926<\/div>\n<p>Renamed Gloster Aircraft Company<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1928<\/div>\n<p>Buys Brockworth aerodrome<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1929<\/div>\n<p>Gloster VI briefly holds the world absolute speed record<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1934<\/div>\n<p>Bought by Hawker; Gladiator first flies on 12 September<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1935<\/div>\n<p>Becomes part of Hawker Siddeley<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1941<\/div>\n<p>E.28\/39 makes Britain&rsquo;s first jet flight at RAF Cranwell<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1942<\/div>\n<p>Last of 2,750 Gloster-built Hurricanes delivered<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1943<\/div>\n<p>Meteor first flies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1944<\/div>\n<p>Meteor enters combat with No. 616 Squadron<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1945<\/div>\n<p>Meteor sets the first official jet speed record, 606 mph<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1951<\/div>\n<p>Javelin first flies at Moreton Valence<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1961<\/div>\n<p>Merged with Armstrong Whitworth as Whitworth Gloster Aircraft<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1963<\/div>\n<p>Gloster name disappears into Hawker Siddeley Aviation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1964<\/div>\n<p>Brockworth site sold<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"lineage\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The family tree<\/div>\n<h2>Before and after Gloster<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/airco\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came before<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Airco<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Co-founder and 50 per cent owner in 1917<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Airco page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/hawker-siddeley\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Hawker Siddeley<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Parent group from 1935; absorbed the Gloster name in 1963<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Hawker Siddeley page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Gloster<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Who built Britain&rsquo;s first jet aircraft?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Gloster. Its E.28\/39, powered by Frank Whittle&rsquo;s W.1 engine, made Britain&rsquo;s first jet flight at RAF Cranwell on 15 May 1941, flown by Gloster chief test pilot Gerry Sayer. Only two were built.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did the Gloster Meteor fight in the Second World War?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. The Meteor entered combat with No. 616 Squadron RAF on 27 July 1944, chasing V-1 flying bombs, and was the only Allied jet to fly combat operations in the war.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What was the RAF&rsquo;s last biplane fighter?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Gloster Gladiator, first flown in 1934 and in RAF service from 1937. A total of 747 were built, and it fought in Norway, Malta, Greece, North Africa and with the Finnish and Chinese air forces.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why is it called Gloster?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The company was founded in 1917 as the Gloucestershire Aircraft Company. In 1926 it shortened its name to Gloster because overseas customers found Gloucestershire hard to pronounce and spell.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to the Gloster Aircraft Company?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Part of Hawker Siddeley since 1935, Gloster merged with Armstrong Whitworth in 1961 and the Gloster name was dropped in 1963. The Brockworth factory was sold in 1964.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many Gloster Meteors were built?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">About 3,947 Meteors were built, including licence production by Fokker in the Netherlands and Avions Fairey in Belgium. Twelve nations flew the type.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who built Britain\\u2019s first jet aircraft?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Gloster. Its E.28\/39, powered by Frank Whittle\\u2019s W.1 engine, made Britain\\u2019s first jet flight at RAF Cranwell on 15 May 1941, flown by Gloster chief test pilot Gerry Sayer. Only two were built.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did the Gloster Meteor fight in the Second World War?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. The Meteor entered combat with No. 616 Squadron RAF on 27 July 1944, chasing V-1 flying bombs, and was the only Allied jet to fly combat operations in the war.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What was the RAF\\u2019s last biplane fighter?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Gloster Gladiator, first flown in 1934 and in RAF service from 1937. A total of 747 were built, and it fought in Norway, Malta, Greece, North Africa and with the Finnish and Chinese air forces.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why is it called Gloster?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The company was founded in 1917 as the Gloucestershire Aircraft Company. In 1926 it shortened its name to Gloster because overseas customers found Gloucestershire hard to pronounce and spell.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to the Gloster Aircraft Company?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Part of Hawker Siddeley since 1935, Gloster merged with Armstrong Whitworth in 1961 and the Gloster name was dropped in 1963. The Brockworth factory was sold in 1964.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many Gloster Meteors were built?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"About 3,947 Meteors were built, including licence production by Fokker in the Netherlands and Avions Fairey in Belgium. Twelve nations flew the type.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Gloster<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/de-havilland\/\"><span class=\"rk\">United Kingdom<\/span><span class=\"rh\">de Havilland<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The Hatfield firm that put Britain&rsquo;s flying clubs in Moths, built a bomber out of furniture wood, gave the world its first jet airliner &mdash; and lost it to a&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the de Havilland page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/hawker\/\"><span class=\"rk\">United Kingdom<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Hawker<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Born from the wreck of Sopwith and named after a test pilot who died within a year, Hawker built the Hurricane that carried the Battle of Britain and the Hunter that set&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Hawker page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gloster_Aircraft_Company\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Gloster Aircraft Company, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gloster_Meteor\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Gloster Meteor, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gloster_Gladiator\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Gloster Gladiator, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gloster_Javelin\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Gloster Javelin, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gloster_E.28\/39\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Gloster E.28\/39, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gloster_Grebe\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Gloster Grebe, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gloster_Gamecock\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Gloster Gamecock, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gloster_Gauntlet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Gloster Gauntlet, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gloster_Sparrowhawk\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Gloster Sparrowhawk, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gloster_VI\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Gloster VI, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gloster_III\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Gloster III, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gloster_IV\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Gloster IV, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Carter_(engineer)\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">George Carter (engineer), Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gloster_I\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Gloster I, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/uk-t-f57.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/uk-t-f66.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph3{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/gloster-meteor-jet-fighter.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph4{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/gloster-javelin-interceptor.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam 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