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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; China<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"mlogo\"><span class=\"li ph2\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Hongdu logo\" style=\"width:147px;height:46px\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h1>Hongdu<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Hongdu Aviation Industry Group (HAIG) &middot; &#27946;&#37117;&#33322;&#31354;&#24037;&#19994;&#38598;&#22242; &middot; Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation (NAMC)<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Born as a joint venture between Chiang Kai-shek and Mussolini, the Nanchang works became China&rsquo;s school of the air, building thousands of trainers, the Q-5 attack jet and now the GJ-11 stealth drone.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1951<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Active<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>9<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>19<\/b><span>Air forces flying its types<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Rehman Abubakr \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>China<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1951<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Nanchang, Jiangxi<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Owner<\/b>Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC)<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Hongdu: the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Chiang, Mussolini and a factory in Nanchang<\/h3>\n<p>Hongdu&rsquo;s story begins with an unlikely partnership. In 1933 Chiang Kai-shek signed an agreement with Benito Mussolini, and in December 1934 the Sino-Italian National Aircraft Works opened in Nanchang, with T. L. Soong as chairman and an Italian as general manager. When Japan invaded in 1937, Japanese bombers wrecked the factories, and the Chinese government discovered that <span class=\"imp\">Italians were guiding the Japanese pilots<\/span>. All the Italians were gone by the end of the year. On 9 December 1937 Chiang confiscated their shares, and the works fled to Nanchuan near Chongqing, returning to Nanchang only in 1947.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Hongdu: the ancient name of Nanchang<\/h3>\n<p>After 1949 the factory was refounded in 1951 as the Hongdu Machinery Factory, Hongdu being the ancient name of Nanchang, and became State Factory 320. Its first job was to teach a new air force to fly. Between 1954 and 1958 it built 379 CJ-5s, licensed Yakovlev Yak-18 trainers, and on 27 August 1958 flew its own successor, the CJ-6. More than 2,000 CJ-6s have been built, and the aircraft is still in production. Between 1957 and 1968 Nanchang also built 727 Y-5s, the Chinese version of the Antonov An-2 biplane, before handing that line to Shijiazhuang.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The Fantan<\/h3>\n<p>Its most famous combat aircraft grew out of the MiG-19. Under chief designer Lu Xiaopeng, Nanchang stretched and area-ruled the Shenyang J-6 into the Q-5, giving it side intakes and a four-metre internal weapons bay. Cancelled in 1961 amid political turmoil, it survived through <span class=\"imp\">a small team that kept the project alive<\/span> and first flew on 4 July 1965. About 1,300 were built between 1969 and 2012. Some were adapted to carry a small nuclear bomb, one of China&rsquo;s few tactical nuclear programmes, until Beijing halted it in 1979. Known to NATO as Fantan, it was exported as the A-5 to Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Sudan.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Teaching the world to fly jets<\/h3>\n<p>In the 1980s Nanchang teamed with Pakistan on the K-8 Karakorum, a jet basic trainer built for the PLA as the JL-8. It first flew on 21 November 1990 and more than 735 have been built, making it <span class=\"imp\">a mainstay of Chinese military exports<\/span> as well as of PLA flight schools. Its supersonic successor, the L-15 Falcon or JL-10, was developed with consulting help from Yakovlev, first flew on 13 March 2006 and has been sold to Zambia and the United Arab Emirates. In March 1998 the company took its current name, Hongdu Aviation Industry Group.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">From sidecars to stealth drones<\/h3>\n<p>Hongdu has always made more than aircraft. In the 1950s it built Chang Jiang 750 cc sidecar motorcycles, descended from Soviet copies of the BMW R71; later it assembled MD 500 helicopters, built the N-5 crop-sprayer and a range of anti-ship and air-to-surface missiles. In 2005 the US State Department sanctioned the company for allegedly supplying weapons technology to Iran. Its newest product is the most secret: the GJ-11 Sharp Sword, a stealthy flying-wing combat drone that first flew in November 2013. In 2018 Hongdu moved its test flying from the old Qingyunpu field to the new Nanchang Yaohu airport.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">Born as a joint venture between Chiang Kai-shek and Mussolini, the Nanchang works became China&rsquo;s school of the air, building thousands of trainers, the Q-5 attack jet and now the GJ-11 stealth drone.<cite>Hongdu &middot; verified 2026-10-03<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Hongdu in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>Founded 1951<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Predecessor Sino-Italian National Aircraft Works founded December 1934 in Nanchang<\/li>\n<li>Nationalised by China in December 1937 and moved to Chongqing during the war<\/li>\n<li>Refounded 1951 as Hongdu Machinery Factory (State Factory 320)<\/li>\n<li>Later Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation; Hongdu Aviation Industry Group from March 1998<\/li>\n<li>Subsidiary of AVIC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>CJ-6, Q-5, K-8, L-15<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>CJ-5: 379 built 1954&ndash;1958<\/li>\n<li>CJ-6: more than 2,000 built<\/li>\n<li>Y-5 (An-2): 727 built 1957&ndash;1968<\/li>\n<li>Q-5\/A-5: about 1,300 built 1969&ndash;2012<\/li>\n<li>K-8\/JL-8: more than 735 built<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>AVIC trainer and drone maker<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>JL-10\/L-15 supersonic trainer and light fighter<\/li>\n<li>GJ-11 stealth combat drone<\/li>\n<li>Anti-ship and air-to-surface missiles<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Production figures for Chinese military aircraft are estimates from Western references.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Employees<\/dt>\n<dd>about 20,000<\/dd>\n<dt>CJ-6 built<\/dt>\n<dd>more than 2,000<\/dd>\n<dt>Q-5 built<\/dt>\n<dd>about 1,300<\/dd>\n<dt>K-8\/JL-8 built<\/dt>\n<dd>more than 735<\/dd>\n<dt>Y-5 built at Nanchang<\/dt>\n<dd>727<span class=\"gnote\">1957&ndash;1968<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>L-15 unit price (reported)<\/dt>\n<dd>$10&ndash;15 million<span class=\"gnote\">2022<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable Hongdu aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Hongdu GJ-11 Sharp Sword<\/b><em>Stealth unmanned combat aircraft &middot; first flight 2013<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p class=\"pcred\">Photos: &#39056;&#22253;&#23621; \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Nanchang CJ-5<\/td>\n<td>Primary trainer (Yak-18)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>379<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nanchang Y-5<\/td>\n<td>Utility biplane (An-2)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>727<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Production later moved to Shijiazhuang<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nanchang CJ-6<\/td>\n<td>Basic trainer<\/td>\n<td>1958<\/td>\n<td>more than 2,000<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In production<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nanchang Q-5 (A-5)<\/td>\n<td>Ground-attack jet<\/td>\n<td>1965<\/td>\n<td>about 1,300<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Retired by the PLA in 2017; still flown by Myanmar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nanchang J-12<\/td>\n<td>Lightweight fighter prototype<\/td>\n<td>1970<\/td>\n<td>5&ndash;8<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Abandoned 1977<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hongdu N-5<\/td>\n<td>Agricultural aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1989<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hongdu K-8 \/ JL-8<\/td>\n<td>Jet basic trainer<\/td>\n<td>1990<\/td>\n<td>more than 735<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Codeveloped with Pakistan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hongdu L-15 \/ JL-10<\/td>\n<td>Supersonic advanced trainer and light fighter<\/td>\n<td>2006<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In production<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Exported to Zambia and the UAE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hongdu GJ-11 Sharp Sword<\/td>\n<td>Stealth unmanned combat aircraft<\/td>\n<td>2013<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>In development according to Wikipedia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"operators\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Who flies them<\/div>\n<h2>Hongdu aircraft in the world&rsquo;s air forces<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">19 air forces in the Order of Battle fly or flew Hongdu types. <span class=\"imp\">18 of them still have one in service.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"opfind\" data-filter=\"#optbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air forces\" placeholder=\"Search air forces and types\" aria-label=\"Search air forces and types\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"opfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"opfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"optbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Air force<\/th>\n<th>In service<\/th>\n<th>Formerly flown<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/peoples-liberation-army-air-force\/\">People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Hongdu JL-10 (L-15), <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\">Hongdu JL-8 (K-8 Karakorum)<\/a>, Hongdu GJ-11 Sharp Sword<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/peoples-liberation-army-naval-air-force\/\">People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Naval Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\">Hongdu JL-8 (K-8)<\/a>, Hongdu JL-10<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/zambian-air-force\/\">Zambian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Hongdu L-15Z (JL-10), <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\">Hongdu K-8 Karakorum (K-8P)<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\/\">Air Force of Zimbabwe<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\">Hongdu K-8 Karakorum (K-8E)<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/bangladesh-air-force\/\">Bangladesh Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\">Hongdu K-8W Karakorum<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/bolivarian-military-aviation-of-venezuela\/\">Bolivarian Military Aviation of Venezuela<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\">Hongdu K-8W Karakorum (JL-8)<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/bolivian-air-force\/\">Bolivian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\">Hongdu K-8VB Karakorum<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/egyptian-air-force\/\">Egyptian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\">Hongdu K-8E Karakorum<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/ghana-air-force\/\">Ghana Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\">Hongdu K-8 Karakorum<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/lao-peoples-liberation-army-air-force\/\">Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Hongdu K-8 Karakorum<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/myanmar-air-force\/\">Myanmar Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\">Hongdu K-8 \/ K-8W<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/namibian-air-force\/\">Namibian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\">Hongdu K-8 Karakorum<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/national-air-force-of-angola\/\">National Air Force of Angola<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\">Hongdu K-8W Karakorum<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/pakistan-air-force\/\">Pakistan Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\">Hongdu \/ PAC K-8 and K-8P Karakorum<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/sri-lanka-air-force\/\">Sri Lanka Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\">Hongdu K-8 Karakorum<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/sudanese-air-force\/\">Sudanese Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\">Hongdu K-8 Karakorum<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/tanzania-air-force-command\/\">Tanzania Air Force Command<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/k-8-karakorum\/\">Hongdu K-8 Karakorum (JL-8)<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-arab-emirates-air-force\/\">United Arab Emirates Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Hongdu L-15<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/ivorian-air-force\/\">Air Force of Ivory Coast<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Hongdu K-8 Karakorum<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where Hongdu built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Nanchang works<\/b> &middot; Nanchang, Jiangxi &mdash; Founded on the Sanjiadian (Qingyunpu) airfield in 1935; main plant<\/li>\n<li><b>Nanchang Yaohu Airport<\/b> &middot; Nanchang Aviation Industrial City &mdash; New flight-test airfield opened 16 August 2018<\/li>\n<li><b>Wartime No. 2 Aircraft Factory<\/b> &middot; Nanchuan, Chongqing &mdash; Evacuation site during the war with Japan, 1937&ndash;1947<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>T. L. Soong (Song Ziliang)<\/b> &middot; first chairman of SINAW<\/li>\n<li><b>Lu Xiaopeng<\/b> &middot; chief designer &mdash; Designed the Q-5 and the J-12<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Hongdu, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1934<\/div>\n<p>Sino-Italian National Aircraft Works founded in Nanchang<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1937<\/div>\n<p>Italian shares confiscated; renamed Central Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing Factory<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1947<\/div>\n<p>Returns to Nanchang from wartime Chongqing<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1951<\/div>\n<p>Refounded as the Hongdu Machinery Factory<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1954<\/div>\n<p>CJ-5 trainer production begins<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1958<\/div>\n<p>First flight of the CJ-6<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1965<\/div>\n<p>First flight of the Q-5<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1970<\/div>\n<p>First flight of the J-12 fighter prototype<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1990<\/div>\n<p>First flight of the K-8<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1998<\/div>\n<p>Renamed Hongdu Aviation Industry Group<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2005<\/div>\n<p>US sanctions over alleged arms technology transfers to Iran<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2006<\/div>\n<p>First flight of the L-15<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2012<\/div>\n<p>Q-5 production ends<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2013<\/div>\n<p>First flight of the GJ-11 stealth drone<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2018<\/div>\n<p>Nanchang Yaohu test airfield opens<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"lineage\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The family tree<\/div>\n<h2>Before and after Hongdu<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/nanchang\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came before<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Nanchang<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The same works under its earlier name, renamed Hongdu in March 1998<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Nanchang page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Hongdu<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Is Hongdu the same as Nanchang Aircraft?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Hongdu is the ancient name of Nanchang; the company was long known as Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation and became Hongdu Aviation Industry Group in 1998.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What aircraft does Hongdu make?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Mainly military trainers such as the CJ-6, K-8\/JL-8 and L-15\/JL-10, the GJ-11 stealth drone, and missiles. It also built the Q-5 attack jet until 2012.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who owns Hongdu?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The state-owned Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC).<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the Hongdu K-8?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">A two-seat jet basic trainer developed with Pakistan, first flown in 1990; more than 735 have been built for China and many export customers.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How did an Italian company end up in Nanchang?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The factory was founded in 1934 as a Sino-Italian joint venture after an agreement between Chiang Kai-shek and Mussolini. China seized the Italian stake in 1937.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Hongdu the same as Nanchang Aircraft?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Hongdu is the ancient name of Nanchang; the company was long known as Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation and became Hongdu Aviation Industry Group in 1998.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What aircraft does Hongdu make?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Mainly military trainers such as the CJ-6, K-8\/JL-8 and L-15\/JL-10, the GJ-11 stealth drone, and missiles. It also built the Q-5 attack jet until 2012.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who owns Hongdu?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The state-owned Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the Hongdu K-8?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A two-seat jet basic trainer developed with Pakistan, first flown in 1990; more than 735 have been built for China and many export customers.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How did an Italian company end up in Nanchang?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The factory was founded in 1934 as a Sino-Italian joint venture after an agreement between Chiang Kai-shek and Mussolini. China seized the Italian stake in 1937.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Hongdu<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/harbin\/\"><span class=\"rk\">China<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Harbin<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Born as a repair shop in a former Japanese aircraft factory in Manchuria, Harbin assembled China&rsquo;s first helicopter and first jet bombers, put a Chinese aircraft&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Harbin page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/chengdu\/\"><span class=\"rk\">China<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Chengdu<\/span><span class=\"rp\">A Soviet-aided plant known only as Factory 132 turned an incomplete MiG-21 package into thousands of J-7s, then gave China the J-10, Asia&rsquo;s first stealth fighter&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Chengdu page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hongdu_Aviation_Industry_Corporation\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hongdu Aviation Industry Group, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B4%AA%E9%83%BD%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hongdu Aviation Industry Group, Wikipedia (Chinese)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanchang_CJ-6\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nanchang CJ-6, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanchang_Q-5\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nanchang Q-5, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hongdu_JL-8\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hongdu JL-8, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hongdu_JL-10\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hongdu JL-10 (L-15), Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanchang_J-12\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nanchang J-12, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hongdu_N-5\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hongdu N-5, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hongdu_GJ-11\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hongdu GJ-11, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w11-lk-t-107.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/hongdu-logo.png)!important}#mfam .ph3{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w10-cn-t-21.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .nflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aircraft-manufacturer-country-flags-v4.png)!important}#mfam .nf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .nf1{background-position:-24px -2px}#mfam 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