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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; Germany<\/div>\n<h1>Horten<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Gebr&#252;der Horten &middot; Br&#252;der Horten &middot; Sonderkommando IX<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Two self-taught brothers from Bonn built flying wings in their parents&rsquo; dining room and ended up with the first jet-powered flying wing to fly, the Ho 229.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1933<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Defunct<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>12<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Jmcc150 at English Wikipedia \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Germany<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1933<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founders<\/b>Walter Horten, Reimar Horten<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Bonn; wartime work at G&#246;ttingen, K&#246;nigsberg and Bad Hersfeld<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Defunct<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Horten: the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">A workshop in the dining room<\/h3>\n<p>Walter Horten, born in 1913, and his brother Reimar, born in 1915, grew up in Bonn-Poppelsdorf in the years when the Treaty of Versailles had driven German flying into gliding clubs. Inspired by Alexander Lippisch, they built tailless models and then full-size wooden sailplanes, their parents letting them turn <span class=\"imp\">the family dining room into a workshop<\/span>. Their first flying wing glider, the H I, flew in 1933 and did well in competitions. The H II Habicht of 1934&ndash;1935 put the pilot in a prone position; Hanna Reitsch tested one and noted that her arms were too short to reach the undercarriage lever.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Officers with a side project<\/h3>\n<p>Horten was never a conventional factory. Both brothers became Luftwaffe officers in 1936 and kept designing on the side. Around 13 H III sailplanes were built, and one climbed to almost 7,000 metres in 1938. Their twin-engined H V crashed on an early flight, costing the brothers a broken jaw and a tooth. When war came Walter flew Bf 109s, at times as Adolf Galland&rsquo;s wingman in the Battle of Britain, while Reimar ended up at a glider school. Their elder brother Wolfram was killed over Dunkirk in a Heinkel He 111 in May 1940. Walter&rsquo;s closeness to senior Luftwaffe figures let the projects continue semi-officially.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The Ho 229 and the 3 x 1000 bomber<\/h3>\n<p>In 1943 Hermann G&#246;ring asked for a bomber to carry 1,000 kilograms for 1,000 kilometres at 1,000 kilometres an hour. Only jets were fast enough, and only a very low-drag airframe could stretch their thirsty engines that far. The Hortens offered their private H IX, a flying wing of welded steel tube and plywood. G&#246;ring ordered three prototypes for 500,000 Reichsmarks and the unit became Sonderkommando IX. The V1 flew as a glider on 1 March 1944 and the Jumo 004-powered V2 in December 1944, making it the first jet-powered flying wing to fly. On 18 February 1945 the V2 crashed after an engine failure, killing its pilot. Production went to Gothaer Waggonfabrik as the Go 229, but none was completed.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Hunted as UFO makers<\/h3>\n<p>The brothers also worked on the H XVIII, a flying wing to bomb the United States; a contract was signed on 12 March 1945, a month before American troops reached its intended assembly site near Kahla. The nearly complete Ho 229 V3 was shipped to America and is now in the Smithsonian collection. In 1946 American authorities, puzzled by early flying saucer reports, briefly suspected Horten designs and sent more than 100 agents looking for the brothers, before wrongly concluding they were in the Soviet Union. Jack Northrop, building flying wings of his own, contacted Reimar, but nothing came of it.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Oranges, the Andes and Argentina<\/h3>\n<p>In 1948 Reimar moved to Argentina and the Instituto Aerot&#233;cnico in C&#243;rdoba. There he built the I.Ae. 34 Clen Ant&#250; sailplanes and the side-by-side I.Ae. 41 Urub&#250;, in which Heinz Scheidhauer made the first crossing of the Andes by glider on 30 October 1956. He also designed the four-engined I.Ae. 38 Naranjero flying-wing freighter, meant to carry oranges 1,000 kilometres to Buenos Aires, which flew only in 1960 before being scrapped. Walter stayed in Germany, served in the post-war air force and built the Ho 33. Reimar died on his Argentine ranch in 1994, Walter in Baden-Baden in 1998.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">Two self-taught brothers from Bonn built flying wings in their parents&rsquo; dining room and ended up with the first jet-powered flying wing to fly, the Ho 229.<cite>Horten &middot; verified 2026-10-03<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Horten in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>First glider 1933<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Design partnership of Walter and Reimar Horten, Bonn<\/li>\n<li>Wartime work as Sonderkommando IX at G&#246;ttingen<\/li>\n<li>Reimar continued in Argentina from 1948<\/li>\n<li>Not a manufacturer in its own right: production went to Gotha, FMA and others<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>Ho 229 jet flying wing<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>About 13 H III sailplanes<\/li>\n<li>Three Ho 229 prototypes ordered, two flown<\/li>\n<li>I.Ae. 34 and I.Ae. 41 sailplanes in Argentina<\/li>\n<li>I.Ae. 38 flying-wing freighter flew in 1960<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>Ho 229 V3 at the Smithsonian<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Both brothers dead by 1998<\/li>\n<li>Restored H Ib flew again in Argentina on 1 February 2008<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">A modern HORTEN Aircraft GmbH flew the HX-2 in 2017; it is a namesake, not a continuation.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Ho 229 prototype contract<\/dt>\n<dd>500,000 Reichsmarks<\/dd>\n<dt>Ho 229 production order<\/dt>\n<dd>100, cut to 20, none completed<\/dd>\n<dt>H III sailplanes built<\/dt>\n<dd>about 13<\/dd>\n<dt>H III altitude<\/dt>\n<dd>almost 7,000 m<span class=\"gnote\">1938<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable Horten aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Horten H I<\/td>\n<td>Flying-wing glider<\/td>\n<td>1933<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First Horten aircraft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Horten H II Habicht<\/td>\n<td>Flying-wing glider, later motorised<\/td>\n<td>1934<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Prone pilot position; tested by Hanna Reitsch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Horten H III<\/td>\n<td>Flying-wing sailplane<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>about 13<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Flew in the 1938 and 1939 Rh&#246;n contests<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Horten H IV<\/td>\n<td>High-performance sailplane<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Prone pilot; one built at K&#246;nigsberg, three at G&#246;ttingen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Horten H V<\/td>\n<td>Twin-engined experimental<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Early version built with Trolitax plastic; crashed on test<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Horten H VI<\/td>\n<td>Sailplane<\/td>\n<td>1944<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Enlarged H IV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Horten H VII<\/td>\n<td>Twin-engined trainer<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Order for 20 placed in March 1945 as Ho 229 trainers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Horten Ho 229 (H IX)<\/td>\n<td>Jet fighter-bomber prototype<\/td>\n<td>1944<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>V1 glider, V2 jet-powered (December 1944), V3 nearly complete and preserved<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>FMA I.Ae. 34 Clen Ant&#250;<\/td>\n<td>Flying-wing sailplane<\/td>\n<td>1948<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Four two-seaters and two single-seaters in Argentina<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>FMA I.Ae. 41 Urub&#250;<\/td>\n<td>Two-seat flying-wing sailplane<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First glider crossing of the Andes, 1956<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>FMA I.Ae. 38 Naranjero<\/td>\n<td>Four-engined flying-wing freighter<\/td>\n<td>1960<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Designed to fly oranges to Buenos Aires; scrapped<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Horten Ho 33<\/td>\n<td>Flying-wing light aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1954<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Walter Horten design built by P&#252;tzer in Bonn; first powered flight 1957<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where Horten built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Family house, Bonn-Poppelsdorf<\/b> &middot; Bonn &mdash; Early gliders built at home and tested at Bonn-Hangelar<\/li>\n<li><b>Sonderkommando IX<\/b> &middot; G&#246;ttingen &mdash; Wartime design and construction unit for the H IX<\/li>\n<li><b>Gothaer Waggonfabrik<\/b> &middot; Gotha &mdash; Contracted to build the Ho 229 as the Go 229<\/li>\n<li><b>Instituto Aerot&#233;cnico \/ FMA<\/b> &middot; C&#243;rdoba, Argentina &mdash; Reimar Horten&rsquo;s post-war base from 1948<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Walter Horten<\/b> &middot; co-designer, fighter pilot &mdash; 1913&ndash;1998; claimed seven (en) or nine (de) victories in the Battle of Britain<\/li>\n<li><b>Reimar Horten<\/b> &middot; co-designer &mdash; 1915&ndash;1994; PhD in mathematics, G&#246;ttingen; emigrated to Argentina<\/li>\n<li><b>Heinz Scheidhauer<\/b> &middot; test pilot &mdash; First flight of the H IV; first glider crossing of the Andes<\/li>\n<li><b>Hanna Reitsch<\/b> &middot; test pilot &mdash; Wrote a test report on the H II<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Records and firsts<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Ho 229 V2: first jet-powered flying wing to fly, December 1944<\/li>\n<li>I.Ae. 41 Urub&#250;: first crossing of the Andes in a glider, Heinz Scheidhauer, 30 October 1956<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Horten, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1933<\/div>\n<p>First Horten flying-wing glider, the H I, flies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1934<\/div>\n<p>H II Habicht with prone pilot<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1936<\/div>\n<p>Both brothers become Luftwaffe officers<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1938<\/div>\n<p>An H III reaches almost 7,000 metres<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1940<\/div>\n<p>Elder brother Wolfram killed near Dunkirk<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1943<\/div>\n<p>Hortens answer G&#246;ring&rsquo;s 3 x 1000 bomber request with the H IX<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1944<\/div>\n<p>Ho 229 V1 flies as a glider<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1944<\/div>\n<p>Jet-powered Ho 229 V2 flies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1945<\/div>\n<p>Ho 229 V2 destroyed in a crash, killing its pilot<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1945<\/div>\n<p>Contract for the H XVIII intercontinental bomber<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1948<\/div>\n<p>Reimar Horten moves to Argentina<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1956<\/div>\n<p>I.Ae. 41 makes the first glider crossing of the Andes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1960<\/div>\n<p>I.Ae. 38 Naranjero flying-wing freighter flies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1994<\/div>\n<p>Reimar Horten dies in Argentina<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1998<\/div>\n<p>Walter Horten dies in Baden-Baden<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"lineage\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The family tree<\/div>\n<h2>Before and after Horten<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/gotha\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Gotha<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Production contractor for the Ho 229 (Go 229), 1944&ndash;1945<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Gotha page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Horten<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Was the Horten Ho 229 a stealth aircraft?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It was a low-drag jet flying wing. There is no known evidence of an official order for a stealth bomber; it was designed to meet G&#246;ring&rsquo;s speed, range and bomb load requirement.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did the Ho 229 fly?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. The unpowered V1 flew in March 1944 and the jet-powered V2 in December 1944. The V2 crashed in February 1945.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Where is the surviving Horten Ho 229?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The nearly complete V3 prototype is held by the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What did the Horten brothers do after the war?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Reimar designed gliders and flying wings in Argentina; Walter stayed in Germany and served in the post-war air force.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Was the Horten Ho 229 a stealth aircraft?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It was a low-drag jet flying wing. There is no known evidence of an official order for a stealth bomber; it was designed to meet G\\u00f6ring\\u2019s speed, range and bomb load requirement.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did the Ho 229 fly?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. The unpowered V1 flew in March 1944 and the jet-powered V2 in December 1944. The V2 crashed in February 1945.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where is the surviving Horten Ho 229?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The nearly complete V3 prototype is held by the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What did the Horten brothers do after the war?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Reimar designed gliders and flying wings in Argentina; Walter stayed in Germany and served in the post-war air force.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Horten<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/dornier\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Germany<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Dornier<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The Lake Constance firm that built a 12-engine flying boat for 169 people, dodged Versailles by building in Italy and Switzerland, and went bankrupt twelve days after&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Dornier page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/mbb\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Germany<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Messerschmitt-B&#246;lkow-Blohm (MBB)<\/span><span class=\"rp\">West Germany&rsquo;s postwar aerospace champion fused Messerschmitt, Bolkow and the Hamburg shipbuilders&rsquo; aircraft arm, built the helicopter that could loop, and&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Messerschmitt-B&#246;lkow-Blohm (MBB) page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Horten_brothers\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Horten brothers, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Br%C3%BCder_Horten\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Br&#252;der Horten, Wikipedia (German)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Horten_Ho_229\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Horten Ho 229, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w25-hero-mfr-horten.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam 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el=document.getElementById(\"shr-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Order of Battle &middot; Aircraft manufacturers &middot; Germany Horten Gebr&#252;der Horten &middot; Br&#252;der Horten &middot; Sonderkommando IX Two self-taught brothers from Bonn built flying wings in their parents&rsquo; dining room and ended up with the first jet-powered flying wing to fly, the Ho 229. 1933Founded DefunctStatus 12Aircraft on record Photo: Jmcc150 at English Wikipedia \/ [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":31477,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-32372","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin 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