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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/french-army-light-aviation\/\">French Army Light Aviation<\/a><\/div>\n<h1>Every campaign the French Army Light Aviation has fought, 1954 to today<\/h1>\n<p class=\"sub\">Newest first. No other army aviation in Western Europe has fought as often, or as recently.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Eleven campaigns, newest first, from Algeria to the Sahel. <span class=\"imp\">Open a row for what the flying was actually like, every type used, and where each figure comes from &mdash; including the ones France has never published.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"warfind\" data-filter=\"#combattbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr.crow\" data-noun=\"conflicts\" placeholder=\"Search conflicts, countries, aircraft, years\" aria-label=\"Search conflicts, countries, aircraft, years\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"warfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"warfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt cbt\" id=\"combattbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Conflict<\/th>\n<th>Years<\/th>\n<th>Against<\/th>\n<th>Main aircraft<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Sorties<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Aircraft lost<\/th>\n<th><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd0\" data-x=\"Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Chad and Mauritania Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre Alongside Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Chad, United States, United Kingdom, Estonia and Denmark Airbus Helicopters EC665 Tigre NHIndustries NH90 Caiman TTH Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle Airbus Helicopters AS532 Cougar Airbus Helicopters H225M Caracal Sud-Aviation SA 330 Puma Pilatus PC-6 Turbo Porter\">\n<td>The Sahel: Serval and Barkhane<span class=\"cwho\">Op&#233;ration Serval, Op&#233;ration Barkhane, Op&#233;ration Bourgou IV<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2013-2022<\/td>\n<td>Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, Ansar Dine, MUJAO, Islamic State in the Greater Sahara and Katiba Macina<\/td>\n<td>Airbus Helicopters EC665 Tigre, NHIndustries NH90 Caiman TTH, Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle<span class=\"cwho\">and 4 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd0\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd0\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Armed reconnaissance, night attack, air assault and special forces infiltration across an area the size of Europe, with almost no infrastructure and no rescue within reach.<\/p>\n<p>Serval began on 11 January 2013 when Gazelles of the 4e r&#233;giment d&rsquo;h&#233;licopt&#232;res des forces sp&#233;ciales attacked a jihadist column driving south on Konna; ground fire killed the pilot, Damien Boiteux, within hours of the operation starting. For nine years afterwards French crews flew armed reconnaissance and night attack over distances that would be absurd in Europe, usually beyond any realistic rescue, in dust, heat and darkness. A Pilatus PC-6 detachment worked the strips at Tessalit, Kidal, Timbuktu and Bamako throughout under the call sign Toucan 40.  The worst night was 25 November 2019. During Op&#233;ration Bourgou IV in the Eranga valley, about twenty kilometres south of Indelimane, a Tigre and a Cougar of the 5e r&#233;giment d&rsquo;h&#233;licopt&#232;res de combat collided at roughly 19:40 while manoeuvring in darkness to engage. Thirteen French soldiers were killed &mdash; the aircrew and the troops they were carrying, drawn from the 5e RHC at Pau and from mountain and Legion units. It was the heaviest French military loss in a single day since the Drakkar barracks bombing in Beirut in 1983, and President Macron led a national tribute at the Invalides on 2 December 2019.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> France withdrew from Mali in 2022 and Barkhane ended. The ALAT came home with more recent combat experience than any other helicopter force in Western Europe and an airframe fleet that had been flown far harder than it was sized for.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">France publishes weekly operational summaries but no cumulative ALAT figures for sorties, flying hours or airframe losses in the Sahel, so none are given here. The 58 dead is the whole-of-forces total for 2013&ndash;2022, not an ALAT figure.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Chad and Mauritania<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Chad, United States, United Kingdom, Estonia and Denmark<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, Ansar Dine, MUJAO, Islamic State in the Greater Sahara and Katiba Macina<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus Helicopters EC665 Tigre, NHIndustries NH90 Caiman TTH, Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle, Airbus Helicopters AS532 Cougar, Airbus Helicopters H225M Caracal, Sud-Aviation SA 330 Puma, Pilatus PC-6 Turbo Porter<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">no cumulative ALAT sortie or flying-hour total has been published; the S&#233;nat records about twenty helicopters deployed at any time, and American tankers flew 54 per cent of all French flying hours in the theatre<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">58 French service personnel died in the Sahel between 2013 and 2022 across both operations; France has not published an ALAT-specific figure, and we do not estimate one. Thirteen of the 58 died in the collision of 25 November 2019; the first, on 11 January 2013, was an ALAT Gazelle pilot.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/rap\/r22-708\/r22-708_mono.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">S&#233;nat<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elysee.fr\/emmanuel-macron\/2019\/12\/02\/hommage-national-aux-treize-militaires-morts-pour-la-france-en-operation-au-mali\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Pr&#233;sidence de la R&#233;publique<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Combat_de_la_vall%C3%A9e_d%27Eranga\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Combat de la vall&#233;e d&rsquo;Eranga<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opex360.com\/2013\/01\/12\/lieutenant-damien-boiteux-mort-pour-la-france\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Zone Militaire (opex360)<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/9e_r%C3%A9giment_de_soutien_a%C3%A9romobile\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">9e r&#233;giment de soutien a&#233;romobile<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd1\" data-x=\"Libyan coast, from amphibious ships off Misrata and Brega Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre Alongside NATO, United Kingdom, Qatar and United Arab Emirates Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle Airbus Helicopters EC665 Tigre Airbus Helicopters AS532 Cougar Sud-Aviation SA 330 Puma\">\n<td>Libya (Op&#233;ration Harmattan)<span class=\"cwho\">Unified Protector, the helicopter raids from the sea<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2011<\/td>\n<td>Libyan Arab Jamahiriya<\/td>\n<td>Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle, Airbus Helicopters EC665 Tigre, Airbus Helicopters AS532 Cougar<span class=\"cwho\">and 1 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd1\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd1\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Night attack on ground forces and heavy weapons from a helicopter battle group embarked aboard two amphibious assault ships, striking targets that fixed-wing aircraft could not reach without collateral damage.<\/p>\n<p>In late May 2011 France embarked an ALAT helicopter battle group aboard the amphibious assault ships <em>Tonnerre<\/em> and <em>Mistral<\/em>, which relieved each other off the Libyan coast. The first raid went in on the night of 3&ndash;4 June. Working at low level and in darkness, Gazelles fired 432 HOT anti-tank missiles and Tigres about 1,500 rockets across roughly forty raids, destroying some 450 targets &mdash; vehicles, guns, command posts and ammunition.  The British flew Apaches from HMS <em>Ocean<\/em> on the same task, but the French effort was far larger: about nine out of every ten coalition helicopter strikes in the campaign were flown by the ALAT. The operation is now the reference case in France for what armed helicopters can do from a ship, and one of the arguments for keeping the Gazelle and its HOT missile in service long after the type should have retired.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The ALAT flew roughly 90 per cent of all helicopter strikes made by the coalition and destroyed about 450 targets. It is the most concentrated combat the arm has fought since Algeria, and it was fought entirely from the sea.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The figures come from the French joint staff&rsquo;s own end-of-operation accounting, reported in November 2011; NATO never published a comparable breakdown by nation.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Libyan coast, from amphibious ships off Misrata and Brega<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>NATO, United Kingdom, Qatar and United Arab Emirates<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Libyan Arab Jamahiriya<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle, Airbus Helicopters EC665 Tigre, Airbus Helicopters AS532 Cougar, Sud-Aviation SA 330 Puma<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">about forty raids flown by the embarked helicopter battle group between June and October 2011<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>0 aircraft &middot; 0 killed<span class=\"cwho\">no French helicopter and no French crew was lost; France suffered no fatalities in the operation<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.opex360.com\/2011\/11\/04\/loperation-harmattan-en-chiffres\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Zone Militaire (opex360)<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_l%C3%A9g%C3%A8re_de_l%27Arm%C3%A9e_de_terre\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd2\" data-x=\"Kabul, Kapisa and Surobi Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre Alongside NATO, United States, United Kingdom and Afghanistan Airbus Helicopters EC665 Tigre Airbus Helicopters H225M Caracal Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle Airbus Helicopters AS532 Cougar\">\n<td>Afghanistan (Pamir and ISAF)<span class=\"cwho\">Op&#233;ration Pamir, BATALAT Kaboul<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2001-2014<\/td>\n<td>Taliban and Haqqani network<\/td>\n<td>Airbus Helicopters EC665 Tigre, Airbus Helicopters H225M Caracal, Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle<span class=\"cwho\">and 1 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd2\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd2\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Armed escort, route opening, fire support to French and allied troops, convoy protection and casualty evacuation from a helicopter battalion at Kabul.<\/p>\n<p>The French helicopter detachment at Kabul, the BATALAT, grew through the 2000s from Gazelle and Cougar to a mixed battalion. Three Tigre of the 5e r&#233;giment d&rsquo;h&#233;licopt&#232;res de combat were flown in aboard an Antonov 124 and arrived on 26 July 2009, joining three Caracal and three Gazelle Viviane already in place. It was the first time the Tigre had been committed to operations since entering service, and it went straight to work on route opening, fire support, zone control and convoy escort over Kapisa and Surobi.  Afghanistan was hard on helicopters: thin air, heat, dust and mountains, with fire coming from ground the aircraft had to fly close to. It also forced the ALAT to learn how to work inside an American-led air command, which shaped everything it did afterwards in the Sahel. The last two Tigres left in February 2013.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The last two Tigres left Afghanistan in February 2013 and the French helicopter presence ended with the wider withdrawal. The deployment gave the Tigre its combat debut and taught the ALAT how to operate at altitude in extreme heat.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">French official reporting on Afghanistan gives unit deployments and dates but not consolidated helicopter sortie, hour or loss figures.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Kabul, Kapisa and Surobi<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>NATO, United States, United Kingdom and Afghanistan<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Taliban and Haqqani network<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus Helicopters EC665 Tigre, Airbus Helicopters H225M Caracal, Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle, Airbus Helicopters AS532 Cougar<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">no cumulative French helicopter sortie total published<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">France has not published a consolidated ALAT airframe or aircrew loss figure for Afghanistan, and we do not estimate one.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.opex360.com\/2009\/07\/27\/les-helicopteres-de-combat-tigre-sont-arrives-en-afghanistan\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Zone Militaire (opex360)<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opex360.com\/2013\/02\/05\/les-2-derniers-helicopteres-tigre-de-lalat-ont-quitte-lafghanistan\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Zone Militaire (opex360)<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_l%C3%A9g%C3%A8re_de_l%27Arm%C3%A9e_de_terre\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd3\" data-x=\"Abidjan, Bouak&#233; and Yamoussoukro Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre Alongside UNOCI and Ivory Coast (Ouattara forces from 2011) Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle Airbus Helicopters AS532 Cougar Sud-Aviation SA 330 Puma\">\n<td>Ivory Coast (Op&#233;ration Licorne)<span class=\"cwho\">Licorne, the Bouak&#233; bombing, the battle of Abidjan<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2002-2015<\/td>\n<td>Ivorian government forces under Laurent Gbagbo and Mercenary crews of the Ivorian air force<\/td>\n<td>Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle, Airbus Helicopters AS532 Cougar, Sud-Aviation SA 330 Puma<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd3\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd3\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd3\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Transport, reconnaissance, special forces support and, in April 2011, armed strikes on heavy weapons in Abidjan alongside United Nations helicopters.<\/p>\n<p>On 6 November 2004 two Sukhoi Su-25 flown by Belarusian mercenaries with Ivorian co-pilots attacked the French camp at Bouak&#233; at 13:15, killing nine French soldiers and an American civilian and wounding 38 more. President Chirac ordered the Ivorian aircraft destroyed; French troops fired Milan missiles into both Su-25s at Yamoussoukro airport about an hour later, and went on to destroy two Mi-24 gunships and a Puma and damage an Mi-8 near the presidential palace. That was done from the ground, not from the air.  The ALAT&rsquo;s own war came later. On 10 April 2011, during the battle of Abidjan, French Gazelles of Force Licorne and helicopters of the United Nations mission fired missiles at heavy weapons in and around Laurent Gbagbo&rsquo;s residence and palace, partly destroying the residence. Gbagbo was captured the next day. Throughout the thirteen years of Licorne the arm&rsquo;s more routine contribution was a rotating helicopter battalion doing transport, reconnaissance and special forces work.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> France destroyed the Ivorian air force within hours of the Bouak&#233; attack in 2004 and, in April 2011, French and UN helicopters helped end the post-electoral crisis in Abidjan. Licorne ran until 2015.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Contemporary reporting describes the April 2011 aircraft as &ldquo;Gazelles of Force Licorne&rdquo; without naming the ALAT regiment; we do not attribute them to a unit.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Abidjan, Bouak&#233; and Yamoussoukro<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>UNOCI and Ivory Coast (Ouattara forces from 2011)<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Ivorian government forces under Laurent Gbagbo and Mercenary crews of the Ivorian air force<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle, Airbus Helicopters AS532 Cougar, Sud-Aviation SA 330 Puma<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">no cumulative French helicopter sortie total published for Licorne<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>0 aircraft &middot; 9 killed<span class=\"cwho\">Nine French soldiers and one American civilian were killed and 38 French soldiers wounded in the air attack on the French camp at Bouak&#233; on 6 November 2004. Those deaths were on the ground, not in the air; no ALAT aircraft was lost in the operation.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bombardement_de_Bouak%C3%A9\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bombardement de Bouak&#233;<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opex360.com\/2011\/04\/10\/les-helicopteres-de-la-force-licorne-de-nouveau-en-action\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Zone Militaire (opex360)<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_l%C3%A9g%C3%A8re_de_l%27Arm%C3%A9e_de_terre\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd4\" data-x=\"Kosovo and the French sector around Mitrovica Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre Alongside NATO and KFOR Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle Sud-Aviation SA 330 Puma Airbus Helicopters AS532 Cougar\">\n<td>Kosovo (Op&#233;ration Trident)<span class=\"cwho\">KFOR<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1999-2014<\/td>\n<td>None after the Serbian withdrawal; the ALAT deployed with the peace force, not the air campaign<\/td>\n<td>Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle, Sud-Aviation SA 330 Puma, Airbus Helicopters AS532 Cougar<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd4\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd4\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd4\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Reconnaissance, transport, liaison and support to the French brigade of the NATO-led force.<\/p>\n<p>French helicopters entered Kosovo with the land force in June 1999 and stayed for years. The work was reconnaissance and transport in mountainous country with bad weather and poor roads &mdash; exactly the conditions in which a helicopter earns its keep &mdash; and it kept the arm&rsquo;s crews in practice during a period when France was not otherwise fighting. The ALAT lists Kosovo among the campaigns it has taken part in, but France publishes no separate figures for the helicopter contribution.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> A long, unglamorous peace-support deployment that kept French helicopter crews current on mountain and winter flying through the 2000s.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">No official ALAT figures for Kosovo have been published; this entry records participation and conditions, not numbers.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Kosovo and the French sector around Mitrovica<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>NATO and KFOR<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>None after the Serbian withdrawal; the ALAT deployed with the peace force, not the air campaign<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle, Sud-Aviation SA 330 Puma, Airbus Helicopters AS532 Cougar<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">no ALAT-specific sortie figure published<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>0 aircraft &middot; 0 killed<span class=\"cwho\">no ALAT aircraft or aircrew losses recorded in the Kosovo deployment<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_l%C3%A9g%C3%A8re_de_l%27Arm%C3%A9e_de_terre\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd5\" data-x=\"Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo and the Adriatic Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre Alongside United Nations and NATO Sud-Aviation SA 330 Puma Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle Airbus Helicopters AS532 Cougar\">\n<td>Bosnia (FORPRONU and IFOR)<span class=\"cwho\">UNPROFOR, Op&#233;ration Salamandre<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1992-1996<\/td>\n<td>Bosnian Serb forces (as a threat to United Nations aircraft rather than a declared enemy)<\/td>\n<td>Sud-Aviation SA 330 Puma, Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle, Airbus Helicopters AS532 Cougar<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd5\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd5\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd5\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Transport, liaison, casualty evacuation and reconnaissance for the United Nations force and then for IFOR, including operations flown from French ships in the Adriatic.<\/p>\n<p>French helicopters worked in Bosnia throughout the United Nations period and into IFOR, moving people and supplies through mountains and weather while under sporadic fire from ground that was not always clearly held by anyone. Part of the effort was mounted from the sea: the deployment aboard the carrier <em>Cl&#233;menceau<\/em> in Op&#233;ration Salamandre put army helicopters on a warship for a Balkan operation, an arrangement France would use again off Libya. The arm treats the Balkans as the period in which it learned modern joint command and control.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The ALAT&rsquo;s first sustained European deployment since 1962, and the first time it operated helicopters from ships in support of a land force &mdash; a rehearsal for Libya fifteen years later.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Bosnia-era French helicopter figures are scattered across unit histories and memoirs rather than official statistics; no consolidated numbers are given here.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo and the Adriatic<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United Nations and NATO<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Bosnian Serb forces (as a threat to United Nations aircraft rather than a declared enemy)<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Sud-Aviation SA 330 Puma, Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle, Airbus Helicopters AS532 Cougar<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">no ALAT-specific sortie figure published<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">France has not published an ALAT-specific loss figure for the Bosnian deployments and we do not estimate one.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_l%C3%A9g%C3%A8re_de_l%27Arm%C3%A9e_de_terre\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd6\" data-x=\"Saudi Arabia and southern Iraq Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre Alongside United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Syria and coalition of 34 nations Sud-Aviation SA 341F Gazelle Sud-Aviation SA 342M Gazelle Sud-Aviation SA 330 Puma\">\n<td>The Gulf War (Op&#233;ration Daguet)<span class=\"cwho\">Desert Shield, Desert Storm, Division Daguet<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1990-1991<\/td>\n<td>Iraq<\/td>\n<td>Sud-Aviation SA 341F Gazelle, Sud-Aviation SA 342M Gazelle, Sud-Aviation SA 330 Puma<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd6\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd6\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd6\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Anti-tank attack, armed reconnaissance and air assault for the French division on the far western flank of the coalition offensive.<\/p>\n<p>The ALAT put 132 helicopters into Saudi Arabia for Op&#233;ration Daguet: 88 Gazelle &mdash; 60 armed with HOT missiles, 14 for reconnaissance and 14 SA 341F with the 20 mm cannon &mdash; and 38 Puma. Three of the cannon Gazelles were modified in theatre to carry Mistral missiles, giving the French division an improvised air-to-air capability against Iraqi helicopters that nobody had planned for.  One of the Pumas was the SA 330B Orchid&#233;e\/HORUS prototype, carrying an experimental battlefield surveillance radar &mdash; France&rsquo;s first attempt at an airborne moving-target indicator and the ancestor of the Horizon system. Thirty-five years later, Daguet remains by a wide margin the biggest helicopter force France has ever deployed on operations, and the comparison with what the arm could send today is not flattering.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The largest French helicopter deployment ever mounted, and still the benchmark: 132 aircraft, the second-largest air-mobile force in the coalition after the Americans.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The 132-aircraft figure and its breakdown are well documented in French reporting; sortie totals and loss figures for the French helicopter force are not.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Saudi Arabia and southern Iraq<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Syria and coalition of 34 nations<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Iraq<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Sud-Aviation SA 341F Gazelle, Sud-Aviation SA 342M Gazelle, Sud-Aviation SA 330 Puma<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">no consolidated French helicopter sortie figure published<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">France has not published a consolidated ALAT loss figure for Daguet; we do not estimate one.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_l%C3%A9g%C3%A8re_de_l%27Arm%C3%A9e_de_terre\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd7\" data-x=\"Chad, from N&rsquo;Djamena and the northern desert Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre Alongside Chad Sud-Aviation SA 330 Puma Sud-Aviation SA 316 Alouette III Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle\">\n<td>Chad (Limousin, Manta, &#201;pervier)<span class=\"cwho\">Op&#233;ration Bison, Op&#233;ration Tacaud, Op&#233;ration Manta, Op&#233;ration &#201;pervier<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1969-1987<\/td>\n<td>FROLINAT and Libya<\/td>\n<td>Sud-Aviation SA 330 Puma, Sud-Aviation SA 316 Alouette III, Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd7\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd7\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd7\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Transport, liaison, casualty evacuation and armed reconnaissance in support of French forces and the Chadian government against rebel and Libyan-backed columns.<\/p>\n<p>Chad is where the French army learned to fly helicopters in the Sahara. Across a run of operations from 1969 to 1987, French detachments supported the Chadian government against rebel movements and then against Libyan forces in the north, working from N&rsquo;Djamena and forward strips across enormous distances with almost nothing in the way of infrastructure. The Puma did the heavy lifting, the Alouette III and later the Gazelle the reconnaissance and liaison. The conditions &mdash; sand ingestion, temperature, range, and the impossibility of rescue &mdash; are the same ones that would define the Sahel campaigns after 2013.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Two decades of intermittent French intervention that taught the arm desert operations &mdash; heat, dust, distance and no infrastructure &mdash; lessons it would use again thirty years later in Mali.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">French operations in Chad span several distinct named operations across eighteen years; this entry treats them as one campaign and gives no figures that France has not published.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Chad, from N&rsquo;Djamena and the northern desert<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>Chad<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>FROLINAT and Libya<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Sud-Aviation SA 330 Puma, Sud-Aviation SA 316 Alouette III, Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">no ALAT-specific sortie figures published for the Chadian operations<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">France has not published consolidated ALAT losses for Chad; we do not estimate them.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_l%C3%A9g%C3%A8re_de_l%27Arm%C3%A9e_de_terre\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd8\" data-x=\"Algeria, from the coast to the Sahara Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre Alongside France Sikorsky H-34 Choctaw Piasecki\/Vertol H-21C Shawnee Sikorsky H-19 Chickasaw Sud-Aviation SE 3130 Alouette II Cessna L-19 Bird Dog Piper L-18C Super Cub Nord 3400 Norbarbe\">\n<td>Algeria<span class=\"cwho\">AFN 1952-1962, the invention of the helicopter assault<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1954-1962<\/td>\n<td>Front de lib&#233;ration nationale (ALN)<\/td>\n<td>Sikorsky H-34 Choctaw, Piasecki\/Vertol H-21C Shawnee, Sikorsky H-19 Chickasaw<span class=\"cwho\">and 4 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd8\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd8\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd8\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Airmobile assault, armed escort, artillery observation, liaison and casualty evacuation in a counter-insurgency fought across mountains and desert.<\/p>\n<p>The ALAT went into Algeria as an artillery observation service flying Piper L-18s, Cessna L-19s and Nord 3400s, and came out of it as a helicopter force. By 1960 it had nearly 700 light aeroplanes and was absorbing 229 Alouette IIs alongside American H-19, H-21 and H-34 transports, the H-34 built under licence by Sud-Aviation.  What French crews worked out in those eight years is what everyone does now: lift an infantry company onto commanding ground in a single wave, escort the transports with armed helicopters, and pull the wounded out in minutes instead of days. Some H-34s were fitted in the field with a 20 mm cannon or machine guns firing from the cabin door &mdash; the first armed helicopters in French service, and among the first anywhere. The Americans studied the results before Vietnam. The arm&rsquo;s standard carries one battle honour and it is this one.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> France lost the war and the ALAT won an argument: the helicopter assault, invented here, became the standard tactic of every Western army. The arm came out of Algeria with 695 light aeroplanes, 229 Alouette IIs and a doctrine.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Algerian-war statistics are contested in France and French army aviation losses were never consolidated in a single published figure; none is offered here.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Algeria, from the coast to the Sahara<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>France<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Front de lib&#233;ration nationale (ALN)<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Sikorsky H-34 Choctaw, Piasecki\/Vertol H-21C Shawnee, Sikorsky H-19 Chickasaw, Sud-Aviation SE 3130 Alouette II, Cessna L-19 Bird Dog, Piper L-18C Super Cub, Nord 3400 Norbarbe<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">no consolidated ALAT sortie figure published for Algeria<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">France has not published a consolidated ALAT loss figure for Algeria and we do not estimate one. Aircrew and aircraft losses were significant, and the arm&rsquo;s standard carries the single battle honour &ldquo;AFN 1952-1962&rdquo;.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_l%C3%A9g%C3%A8re_de_l%27Arm%C3%A9e_de_terre\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd9\" data-x=\"Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina and Laos Groupes a&#233;riens d&rsquo;observation d&rsquo;artillerie (predecessor of the ALAT) Alongside France, State of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia Piper L-18C Super Cub Cessna L-19 Bird Dog Morane-Saulnier MS.500 Criquet\">\n<td>Indochina<span class=\"cwho\">GAOA, the first French helicopter evacuations<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Groupes a&#233;riens d&rsquo;observation d&rsquo;artillerie (predecessor of the ALAT)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1946-1954<\/td>\n<td>Viet Minh<\/td>\n<td>Piper L-18C Super Cub, Cessna L-19 Bird Dog, Morane-Saulnier MS.500 Criquet<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd9\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd9\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd9\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Artillery observation and liaison in light aeroplanes; the first French military helicopter casualty evacuations were flown alongside them.<\/p>\n<p>Before the arm existed under its present name, its predecessors flew Indochina. The groupes a&#233;riens d&rsquo;observation d&rsquo;artillerie, formed after the Second World War, worked light aeroplanes over jungle and paddy for the gunners; the helicopter arrived alongside them when the Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air acquired American Hiller 360s for casualty evacuation at Saigon. The army&rsquo;s own helicopter training started here too: gendarmes were trained on helicopters by the army&rsquo;s flying group at Saigon in 1954. The campaign produced the argument that the army needed aircraft of its own, which the decrees of 1952 and 1954 answered.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The groupes a&#233;riens d&rsquo;observation d&rsquo;artillerie distinguished themselves in Indochina and provided the institutional argument for creating the ALOA in 1952 and the ALAT in 1954.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Indochina predates the ALAT&rsquo;s formal existence; this entry covers its direct predecessors and gives no figures that have not been published.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Groupes a&#233;riens d&rsquo;observation d&rsquo;artillerie (predecessor of the ALAT)<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Tonkin, Annam, Cochinchina and Laos<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>France, State of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Viet Minh<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Piper L-18C Super Cub, Cessna L-19 Bird Dog, Morane-Saulnier MS.500 Criquet<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">no consolidated figure published for the groupes a&#233;riens d&rsquo;observation d&rsquo;artillerie<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">no consolidated published figure; we do not estimate one.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aviation_l%C3%A9g%C3%A8re_de_l%27Arm%C3%A9e_de_terre\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forces_a%C3%A9riennes_de_la_Gendarmerie_nationale\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Forces a&#233;riennes de la Gendarmerie nationale<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd10\" data-x=\"Romania, the Baltic states and metropolitan France Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre Alongside NATO, Romania, Estonia and Lithuania Airbus Helicopters EC665 Tigre NHIndustries NH90 Caiman TTH Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle\">\n<td>NATO&rsquo;s eastern flank and national territory<span class=\"cwho\">Mission Aigle, Orion exercises, Op&#233;ration Sentinelle support<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2022-present<\/td>\n<td>Russia (as the threat the deployments are designed against; no engagement)<\/td>\n<td>Airbus Helicopters EC665 Tigre, NHIndustries NH90 Caiman TTH, Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd10\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd10\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd10\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Deterrence and reassurance deployments of attack and assault helicopters to NATO&rsquo;s eastern flank, alongside high-intensity training in France after two decades of counter-insurgency.<\/p>\n<p>Since 2022 the ALAT has rotated attack and assault helicopters through NATO deployments on the eastern flank and rebuilt its training for a European war it had not seriously prepared for since the Cold War. The practical consequences are visible in the equipment debate: the arm is studying the Toutatis loitering munition for the Tigre &mdash; 30 kilometres of range, thirty minutes of endurance, swarm-capable and resistant to jamming &mdash; precisely because Ukraine has shown what happens to helicopters that have to fly within range of modern air defences. The same logic drives the argument for arming the H160M Gu&#233;pard.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Continuing. The return to high-intensity European warfare is the reason the arm is now arguing for loitering munitions on the Tigre and an anti-tank missile on the Gu&#233;pard.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">This is a posture, not a campaign; no French army helicopter has been engaged in combat on the eastern flank.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Aviation l&#233;g&#232;re de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de terre<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Romania, the Baltic states and metropolitan France<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>NATO, Romania, Estonia and Lithuania<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Russia (as the threat the deployments are designed against; no engagement)<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus Helicopters EC665 Tigre, NHIndustries NH90 Caiman TTH, Sud-Aviation SA 342 Gazelle<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">no cumulative figures published<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>0 aircraft &middot; 0 killed<span class=\"cwho\">no losses<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.opex360.com\/2026\/07\/05\/laviation-legere-de-larmee-de-terre-envisage-de-doter-ses-helicopteres-tigre-de-munitions-teleoperees-toutatis\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Zone Militaire (opex360)<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opex360.com\/2026\/06\/11\/la-gazelle-etant-irremplacable-larmee-de-terre-songe-a-doter-ses-futurs-helicopteres-guepard-de-missiles-antichars\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Zone Militaire (opex360)<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"warfind\">Nothing matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every figure, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.opex360.com\/2026\/07\/05\/laviation-legere-de-larmee-de-terre-envisage-de-doter-ses-helicopteres-tigre-de-munitions-teleoperees-toutatis\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Zone Militaire (opex360): l&rsquo;ALAT envisage de doter ses Tigre de munitions t&#233;l&#233;op&#233;r&#233;es Toutatis<\/a><span>5 July 2026: Toutatis loitering munition, 30 km range, 30 minutes, swarm capable; RMV prototype to fly soon<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.opex360.com\/2026\/06\/11\/la-gazelle-etant-irremplacable-larmee-de-terre-songe-a-doter-ses-futurs-helicopteres-guepard-de-missiles-antichars\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Zone Militaire (opex360): la Gazelle &#233;tant irrempla&#231;able, l&rsquo;arm&#233;e de Terre songe &#224; doter ses futurs Gu&#233;pard de missiles antichars<\/a><span>11 June 2026: 80 Gu&#233;pard for the army, at least five before 2030 against twenty planned, about 14 Tigres modernised by 2035, Gazelle supported to 2039<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.senat.fr\/rap\/r22-708\/r22-708_mono.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">S&#233;nat: Quel bilan pour l&rsquo;op&#233;ration Barkhane ? (rapport d&rsquo;information no. 708, 2022&ndash;2023)<\/a><span>58 French service personnel killed in the Sahel; 3,000 to 5,000 troops, six or seven fighters and about twenty helicopters deployed; American tankers flew 54 per cent of the flying hours<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elysee.fr\/emmanuel-macron\/2019\/12\/02\/hommage-national-aux-treize-militaires-morts-pour-la-france-en-operation-au-mali\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Pr&#233;sidence de la R&#233;publique: hommage national aux treize militaires morts pour la France en op&#233;ration au Mali<\/a><span>2 December 2019 national tribute; the thirteen names, ranks and units<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.opex360.com\/2011\/11\/04\/loperation-harmattan-en-chiffres\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Zone Militaire (opex360): l&rsquo;op&#233;ration Harmattan en chiffres<\/a><span>4 November 2011: about forty helicopter raids, 450 targets destroyed, 432 HOT missiles and 1,500 rockets, 90 per cent of coalition helicopter strikes<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.opex360.com\/2013\/01\/12\/lieutenant-damien-boiteux-mort-pour-la-france\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Zone Militaire (opex360): Lieutenant Damien Boiteux, mort pour la France<\/a><span>11 January 2013: Gazelle pilot of the 4e RHFS killed attacking a column heading for Konna, first French death of Serval<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.opex360.com\/2009\/07\/27\/les-helicopteres-de-combat-tigre-sont-arrives-en-afghanistan\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Zone Militaire (opex360): les h&#233;licopt&#232;res de combat Tigre sont arriv&#233;s en Afghanistan<\/a><span>26 July 2009: three Tigre of the 5e RHC at Kabul, joining three Caracal and three Gazelle Viviane; the type&rsquo;s first combat<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.opex360.com\/2013\/02\/05\/les-2-derniers-helicopteres-tigre-de-lalat-ont-quitte-lafghanistan\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Zone Militaire (opex360): les deux derniers h&#233;licopt&#232;res Tigre de l&rsquo;ALAT ont quitt&#233; l&rsquo;Afghanistan<\/a><span>5 February 2013: end of the Tigre deployment in Afghanistan<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.opex360.com\/2011\/04\/10\/les-helicopteres-de-la-force-licorne-de-nouveau-en-action\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Zone Militaire (opex360): les h&#233;licopt&#232;res de la force Licorne de nouveau en action<\/a><span>10 April 2011: French Gazelles and UNOCI helicopters fire on heavy weapons around the presidential palace and residence in Abidjan<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-09-13. <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/french-army-light-aviation\/\">Back to the French Army Light Aviation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam 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No other army aviation in Western Europe has fought as often, or as recently. Eleven campaigns, newest first, from Algeria to the Sahel. Open a row for what the flying was actually like, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":23560,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-23568","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>French Army Light Aviation combat record | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/\u7a7a\u519b\/\u6cd5\u56fd\u9646\u519b\u8f7b\u578b\u822a\u7a7a\u5175\/\u6218\u6597\u8bb0\u5f55\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"French Army Light Aviation combat record | MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Order of Battle &middot; French Army Light Aviation Every campaign the French Army Light Aviation has fought, 1954 to today Newest first. 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