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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam .pq{margin:0;max-width:900px} #mfam .pq blockquote{margin:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-size:clamp(21px,2.6vw,28px);line-height:1.42;color:#fff;letter-spacing:-.2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:before{content:'\\201C';color:var(--blue);margin-right:2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:after{content:'\\201D';color:var(--blue);margin-left:2px} #mfam .pq figcaption{margin-top:20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6} #mfam .pq figcaption b{color:#fff;font-size:14px} #mfam .pq figcaption span{display:block;color:#7c8697;font-size:13px} #mfam .pq figcaption a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .pqrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:40px;max-width:1120px} #mfam .pqrow .pq blockquote{font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,21px)} #mfam .galgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .galgrid figure{margin:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .galgrid 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34px;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.4px;color:var(--blue)} #mfam .deep summary .dx{margin-left:auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.2px;color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .deep details[open] summary .dx{visibility:hidden} #mfam .deep .dbody{padding:0 0 26px 54px;max-width:860px} #mfam .deep .dbody p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.68;margin-bottom:16px} #mfam .inc{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .inc article{border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--blue);background:#fff;padding:22px 24px 24px} #mfam .inc .incd{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.5px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .inc h3{font-size:18px;line-height:1.3;margin:7px 0 9px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .inc p{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .inc .incs{display:block;margin-top:11px;font-size:13px} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .kfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/korean-peoples-army-air-force\/\">Korean People&rsquo;s Army Air Force<\/a> &middot; Air base<\/div>\n<h1>Wonsan Kalma Airport<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">&#44040;&#47560;&#48708;&#54665;&#51109; (Kalma Airfield)<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Active (dual-use: Korean People&rsquo;s Army Air Force and the civil airport for the Wonsan-Kalma tourist zone; venue of the 2016 air festival and the air force&rsquo;s 80th anniversary display in November 2025)<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>ZKWS<\/b><span>ICAO<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Active<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Operator<\/b>Korean People&rsquo;s Army Air Force<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Province<\/b>Kangwon Province (Kangwon-do)<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Elevation<\/b>2 m<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Coordinates<\/b>39.1652 N, 127.4879 E<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Wonsan Kalma Airport: what it was built for and what flies there now<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<p>Kalma airfield sits on the Kalma peninsula about 4 km east of Wonsan, on North Korea&rsquo;s east coast, and it is the one North Korean air base that most outsiders have actually seen. For most of its life it was a military field: Korean Wikipedia describes the original 2,400 m runway as for military use only. In the Korean War it changed hands twice in 1950 &mdash; South Korean troops took it on 10 October and US Marine Corsairs flew from it as K-25 until UN forces evacuated Wonsan on 9 December &mdash; and it has been a Korean People&rsquo;s Army Air Force base since.<\/p>\n<p>From 2013 Kim Jong Un had it rebuilt as a civil airport for the Wonsan tourist zone: English Wikipedia puts the cost at about US$200 million and the new terminal opened in September 2015. A second runway, 3,500 m long, was built alongside the old one; the sources disagree on whether the old runway was lengthened to 3,125 m (Korean Wikipedia) or turned into a taxiway (English Wikipedia), so no runway table is given here. In September 2016 Kalma held North Korea&rsquo;s first and only international air festival, and on 28 November 2025 Kim Jong Un chose it for the air force&rsquo;s 80th anniversary display, where he told the service it would have a role in &quot;the nuclear war deterrent&quot;.<\/p>\n<p>Which air force units live at Kalma is not published. What can be said is what was on show: MiG-29s, Su-25s, MiG-21s and helicopters in 2016, and the country&rsquo;s newest combat equipment, its Il-76 radar aircraft and drones in 2025. No coordinates, elevation or runway lengths are given: North Korea publishes no aeronautical information publication that could be reached, and the only published positions (Wikipedia infoboxes, drawn from the Landings.com database) are not reliable enough to publish. Philipp may fill the position from satellite imagery.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"sat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Satellite<\/div>\n<h2>Wonsan Kalma Airport from above<\/h2>\n<div class=\"satfig\" id=\"satfig\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Enlarge the satellite view\">\n<div class=\"satimg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Wonsan Kalma Airport seen from above\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"satzoom\">Click to enlarge<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satcap\"><b>No runway dimensions are recorded for this airfield.<\/b><span>Imagery: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics and the GIS user community<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satlb\" id=\"satlb\"><span class=\"satlbx\">Close<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"satbig\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Wonsan Kalma Airport seen from above, enlarged\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<style>#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=127.44488,39.14972,127.53098,39.18072\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=1600,743\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}#mfam .satbig{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=127.44746,39.14430,127.52840,39.18614\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=2048,1365\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}@media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=127.46794,39.14972,127.50792,39.18072\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=760,760\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}}<\/style>\n<div id=\"sat-data\" data-js=\"KGZ1bmN0aW9uKCl7IHZhciBmPWRvY3VtZW50LmdldEVsZW1lbnRCeUlkKCdzYXRmaWcnKSwgYj1kb2N1bWVudC5nZXRFbGVtZW50QnlJZCgnc2F0bGInKTsgaWYoIWZ8fCFiKSByZXR1cm47IGZ1bmN0aW9uIG9wZW4oKXsgYi5jbGFzc0xpc3QuYWRkKCdvbicpOyBkb2N1bWVudC5ib2R5LnN0eWxlLm92ZXJmbG93PSdoaWRkZW4nOyB9IGZ1bmN0aW9uIHNodXQoKXsgYi5jbGFzc0xpc3QucmVtb3ZlKCdvbicpOyBkb2N1bWVudC5ib2R5LnN0eWxlLm92ZXJmbG93PScnOyB9IGYuYWRkRXZlbnRMaXN0ZW5lcignY2xpY2snLCBvcGVuKTsgZi5hZGRFdmVudExpc3RlbmVyKCdrZXlkb3duJywgZnVuY3Rpb24oZSl7IGlmKGUua2V5PT09J0VudGVyJ3x8ZS5rZXk9PT0nICcpeyBlLnByZXZlbnREZWZhdWx0KCk7IG9wZW4oKTsgfSB9KTsgYi5hZGRFdmVudExpc3RlbmVyKCdjbGljaycsIHNodXQpOyBkb2N1bWVudC5hZGRFdmVudExpc3RlbmVyKCdrZXlkb3duJywgZnVuY3Rpb24oZSl7IGlmKGUua2V5PT09J0VzY2FwZScpIHNodXQoKTsgfSk7IH0pKCk7\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"sat-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><section class=\"pqband\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>Expectations &hellip; for the air force, which will play a role in the exercise of the nuclear war deterrent, are very great.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>Kim Jong Un<\/b><span>General Secretary of the Workers&rsquo; Party of Korea, at the air force&rsquo;s 80th anniversary, Wonsan Kalma<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.twz.com\/air\/analyzing-north-koreas-new-air-launched-guided-weapons\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">State media, as quoted by The War Zone, 2 December 2025<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Wonsan Kalma Airport in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Location &amp; codes<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>ICAO<\/dt>\n<dd>ZKWS<\/dd>\n<dt>Country<\/dt>\n<dd>North Korea<\/dd>\n<dt>Province<\/dt>\n<dd>Kangwon Province<span class=\"gnote\">Kangwon-do<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Coordinates<\/dt>\n<dd>39.1652 N, 127.4879 E<\/dd>\n<dt>Elevation<\/dt>\n<dd>2 m <span class=\"imp\">(7 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Usage<\/dt>\n<dd>Military<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Runways &amp; facilities<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Quick Reaction Alert<\/dt>\n<dd>None<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Command &amp; status<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>Active<span class=\"gnote\">dual-use: Korean People&rsquo;s Army Air Force and the civil airport for the Wonsan-Kalma tourist zone; venue of the 2016 air festival and the air force&rsquo;s 80th anniversary display in November 2025<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Operator<\/dt>\n<dd>Korean People&rsquo;s Army Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Command<\/dt>\n<dd>Korean People&rsquo;s Army Air Force; resident units not published by any official or reliable source<\/dd>\n<dt>Resident units<\/dt>\n<dd>1 current, 1 former<\/dd>\n<dt>Based types<\/dt>\n<dd>6<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"units\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Resident units<\/div>\n<h2>Who flies from Wonsan Kalma Airport<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oob\">\n<div><span>Current<\/span><em>1 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Korean People&rsquo;s Army Air Force display and anniversary units<small>Air force units (not identified) &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\">MiG-29 Fulcrum<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\">Su-25 Frogfoot<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\">MiG-21bis Fishbed<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\">MiG-23 Flogger<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mi-8T Hip<\/a>, Hughes\/MD 500E<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<div><span>Former<\/span><em>1 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt class=\"was\">Marine Aircraft Group 12, 1st Marine Aircraft Wing (US Marine Corps)<small>1950&ndash;1950 &middot; American, not North Korean. After the South Korean Capital Division took the airfield on 10 October 1950, Maj. Gen. Field Harris of the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing arrived on 13 October and VMF-312 with elements of MAG-12 followed on 14 October; the field was designated K-25. UN forces left Wonsan in December 1950. Per English Wikipedia, citing Futrell (1983) and Smith (2007); the Corsair type is the one VMF-312 flew in Korea and is not stated in the fetched text.<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f4u-corsair\/\" class=\"was\">F4U Corsair<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Aircraft types based here<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\">MiG-29 Fulcrum<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\">Su-25 Frogfoot<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\">MiG-21bis Fishbed<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\">MiG-23 Flogger<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mi-8T Hip<\/a>, Hughes\/MD 500E, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f4u-corsair\/\" class=\"was\">F4U Corsair<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"knownfor\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Claim to fame<\/div>\n<h2>What Wonsan Kalma Airport is known for<\/h2>\n<div class=\"kfgrid\">\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">01<\/div>\n<h3>North Korea&rsquo;s only air show<\/h3>\n<p>The Wonsan International Friendship Air Festival brought foreign enthusiasts to watch North Korean combat aircraft fly.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">About 200 foreign enthusiasts and 10,000&ndash;15,000 local spectators in September 2016; the 2017 edition was cancelled in August 2017.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">02<\/div>\n<h3>The air force&rsquo;s 80th birthday<\/h3>\n<p>Kim Jong Un held the anniversary display here and gave the air force a nuclear role.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">28 November 2025: three new air-launched weapons shown, including a cruise missile The War Zone estimates at 200&ndash;500 km (124&ndash;311 miles) range.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">03<\/div>\n<h3>K-25 in 1950<\/h3>\n<p>For eight weeks in the autumn of 1950 the field was an American Marine Corps base.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Captured 10 October 1950; VMF-312 arrived 14 October; Wonsan evacuated 9 December 1950.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">04<\/div>\n<h3>A resort airport<\/h3>\n<p>The field was rebuilt as the civil gateway to the Wonsan-Kalma tourist zone.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">About US$200 million; new terminal opened September 2015; first passenger flight, with 30 people aboard, on 24 September 2015.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">05<\/div>\n<h3>A 3,500-metre runway<\/h3>\n<p>A new runway was built next to the old military one between 2014 and 2018.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">3,500 m, laid 210 m east of the original 2,400 m military runway (Korean Wikipedia).<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"deep\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Go deeper<\/div>\n<h2>The long version<\/h2>\n<div class=\"deep\">\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">01<\/span><span>From Genzan to K-25<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Wonsan was a Japanese military aviation town before it was a Korean one. The Imperial Japanese Navy formed the Genzan Air Group (Genzan being the Japanese name for Wonsan) on 15 November 1940, with 33 Mitsubishi G3M bombers and 25 A5M fighters, according to English Wikipedia&rsquo;s account drawn from standard histories of Japanese naval aviation. Its bombers took part in sinking the British capital ships Prince of Wales and Repulse off Malaya on 10 December 1941. Neither the English nor the Japanese Wikipedia article says whether the unit used today&rsquo;s Kalma field, so the link is plausible but not established.<\/p>\n<p>The Korean War brought the airfield into the open. English Wikipedia, citing the US Air Force historian Robert Futrell and the Marine Corps history by Charles Smith, says the South Korean Capital Division captured Wonsan airfield on 10 October 1950; by 12 October US Air Force cargo aircraft were flying supplies in. Maj. Gen. Field Harris, commander of the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing, arrived on 13 October, and VMF-312 and elements of Marine Aircraft Group 12 followed the next day. The Americans called the field K-25.<\/p>\n<p>It did not last. After China entered the war, UN forces were ordered out of Wonsan, and the evacuation on 9 December 1950 lifted 7,009 refugees, 3,384 military personnel, 1,146 vehicles and 10,013 tons of cargo, according to English Wikipedia&rsquo;s article on the Blockade of Wonsan. For the rest of the war the town was under a naval blockade and bombardment, and the airfield returned to North Korean hands.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">02<\/span><span>Rebuilt for tourists, 2013&ndash;2018<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>In July 2013 Kim Jong Un approved plans to turn the military airfield into an international civil airport, part of his plan for a beach resort zone on the Kalma peninsula. English Wikipedia names the Chinese firm PLT Planning &amp; Architecture as designer and puts the cost at about US$200 million. A single L-shaped terminal with two jet bridges replaced the older buildings and opened in September 2015; the first commercial flight, an aviation tour with thirty passengers, arrived on 24 September 2015.<\/p>\n<p>The runway work took longer. Korean Wikipedia describes a new eastern runway, 15L\/33R, 3,500 m long, built from early 2014 to late 2018 some 210 m from the old military runway, which it says was itself extended to 3,125 m as 15R\/33L. English Wikipedia instead says the old runway became a taxiway. The two accounts cannot both be right, and North Korea publishes no aerodrome data that would settle it.<\/p>\n<p>Civil traffic stayed thin. NK Pro reported in October 2017, two years after the opening, that there was still no international flight activity. In early 2018 an Asiana Airlines A321 became the first foreign airliner to use the rebuilt airport, on an inter-Korean flight to Yangyang in South Korea reported on 1 February 2018 (via Wikipedia). English Wikipedia, citing NK News of 15 April 2026, says satellite imagery showed the runway being extended again and the airport upgraded in 2026.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">03<\/span><span>The air show that happened once<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>On the last weekend of September 2016 Kalma held the Wonsan International Friendship Air Festival, the first air show North Korea had ever staged for foreigners. The Aviationist&rsquo;s David Cenciotti listed the military participants as MiG-29 Fulcrums, Su-25 Frogfoots, MiG-21bis Fishbeds, Mi-8T Hips and Y-5s, with four Hughes 500E helicopters flying in formation &mdash; the same type North Korea had obtained illegally from the United States in the 1980s. Air Koryo showed its Tu-134s, Tu-154s and Il-62s.<\/p>\n<p>English Wikipedia counts about 200 international enthusiasts and 10,000 to 15,000 local spectators. The timing was awkward: the show came weeks after North Korea&rsquo;s fifth nuclear test. A second festival was set for 23&ndash;24 September 2017, with MiG-23s promised, but it was cancelled in August 2017 &quot;for geopolitical reasons&quot;, according to NK News and the South China Morning Post as cited by Wikipedia. There has been no other.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">04<\/span><span>The 80th anniversary and the nuclear role<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Kim Jong Un returned the air force to Kalma for its 80th anniversary on Friday 28 November 2025. The War Zone&rsquo;s Thomas Newdick, working from state media imagery, identified Su-25s, MiG-29s, MiG-23s, the Il-76 airborne early warning conversion and the Saetbyol-4 and Saetbyol-9 drones, copies of the American Global Hawk and Reaper. Three new air-launched weapons were shown: a box-bodied cruise missile with pop-out wings, a small anti-armour missile carried in threes, and a short-range air-to-air missile.<\/p>\n<p>The speech mattered more than the hardware. As quoted by The War Zone from state media, Kim said the air force would receive &quot;new strategic military assets&quot; and that his &quot;expectations &hellip; for the air force, which will play a role in the exercise of the nuclear war deterrent, are very great&quot;. 38 North&rsquo;s Vann Van Diepen judged in January 2026 that air-delivered nuclear weapons would remain secondary to North Korea&rsquo;s missiles. Nothing in the reporting says that nuclear weapons are, or will be, stored at Kalma.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Wonsan Kalma Airport, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1940<\/div>\n<p>15 November: the Imperial Japanese Navy forms the Genzan Air Group at Wonsan (whether at this field is not established).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1950<\/div>\n<p>10 October: the South Korean Capital Division captures Wonsan airfield; US Marine aircraft arrive on 14 October and the field becomes K-25.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1950<\/div>\n<p>9 December: UN forces evacuate Wonsan.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2013<\/div>\n<p>July: Kim Jong Un approves plans to rebuild the airfield as an international airport.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2014<\/div>\n<p>Early 2014: construction of the new 3,500 m runway begins (Korean Wikipedia).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2015<\/div>\n<p>September: the new terminal opens; 24 September, first commercial flight with 30 passengers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2016<\/div>\n<p>Last weekend of September: the Wonsan International Friendship Air Festival, with MiG-29s, Su-25s and MiG-21s flying.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2017<\/div>\n<p>August: the second air festival, planned for 23&ndash;24 September, is cancelled.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2018<\/div>\n<p>Early 2018: an Asiana A321 is the first foreign airliner at the rebuilt airport. July: a USAF C-17 collects 55 cases of presumed Korean War remains here. Late 2018: the new runway is complete (Korean Wikipedia).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2025<\/div>\n<p>28 November: the air force&rsquo;s 80th anniversary display; Kim Jong Un announces a nuclear deterrence role.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>April: satellite imagery reported by NK News shows the runway being extended and the airport upgraded.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"incidents\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Incidents &amp; stories<\/div>\n<h2>What happened here<\/h2>\n<div class=\"inc\">\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">10&ndash;14 October 1950<\/div>\n<h3>Captured and turned into K-25<\/h3>\n<p>South Korea&rsquo;s Capital Division took Wonsan airfield on 10 October 1950, weeks after the Inchon landing had turned the war. The USAF&rsquo;s cargo aircraft were flying supplies in by 12 October, Maj. Gen. Field Harris of the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing arrived on 13 October, and VMF-312 and elements of Marine Aircraft Group 12 landed on 14 October. The field, now K-25, supported the Marines&rsquo; push north. It was given up two months later, when UN forces evacuated Wonsan on 9 December 1950 after China&rsquo;s intervention.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wonsan_Kalma_International_Airport\">Wikipedia, citing Futrell (1983) and Smith (2007)<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">September 2016<\/div>\n<h3>Foreigners watch North Korean MiGs fly<\/h3>\n<p>For one weekend, western aviation enthusiasts stood on a North Korean air base and photographed MiG-29s, Su-25s and MiG-21bis in the air. The Aviationist called it an unbelievable opportunity to photograph some of the world&rsquo;s rarest combat aircraft. Four Hughes 500E helicopters, a type North Korea obtained illegally from the United States in the 1980s and first shown publicly in 2013, flew in formation. It came weeks after the country&rsquo;s fifth nuclear test; the 2017 repeat was cancelled.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/theaviationist.com\/2016\/09\/26\/north-korea-hosts-first-air-show-ever\/\">The Aviationist<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">July 2018<\/div>\n<h3>A US Air Force C-17 at Wonsan<\/h3>\n<p>A C-17 of the US Air Force&rsquo;s 204th Airlift Squadron landed at Kalma and collected 55 cases of human remains, believed to be those of American servicemen killed in the Korean War, and flew them to Osan Air Base in South Korea, according to English Wikipedia citing Stars and Stripes, NDTV and USA Today. It was a rare visit by an American military aircraft to a North Korean airfield. The exact date and the identification results are not given here because they were not checked against a primary source.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wonsan_Kalma_International_Airport\">Wikipedia, citing Stars and Stripes, NDTV and USA Today<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">28 November 2025<\/div>\n<h3>Kim gives the air force a nuclear role<\/h3>\n<p>At the 80th anniversary display, Kim Jong Un said the air force would take on &quot;new strategic military assets&quot; and a role in &quot;the nuclear war deterrent&quot;, according to state media as quoted by The War Zone and 38 North. Three new air-launched weapons were displayed, among them a cruise missile, and according to 38 North road-mobile cruise missile launchers were shown with the aircraft. 38 North judged that air-delivered nuclear weapons would stay secondary to the country&rsquo;s ballistic and cruise missiles.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.twz.com\/air\/analyzing-north-koreas-new-air-launched-guided-weapons\">The War Zone<\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"map\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Location<\/div>\n<h2>Wonsan Kalma Airport and its neighbours<\/h2>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\" style=\"height:440px\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"nearbytbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Nearby base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Based types<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr data-base=\"toksan\">\n<td>Toksan Air Base<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"sondok\">\n<td>Sondok Airfield<\/td>\n<td>ZKSD<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Wonsan Kalma Airport<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What is Wonsan Kalma Airport known for?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It hosted North Korea&rsquo;s only international air show, the Wonsan International Friendship Air Festival of September 2016, and the air force&rsquo;s 80th anniversary display on 28 November 2025, where Kim Jong Un gave the service a role in nuclear deterrence. It is also the civil airport for the Wonsan-Kalma beach resort, rebuilt from 2013 for about US$200 million.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Kalma a military air base or a civil airport?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Both. It was a military airfield for most of its history, and the Korean People&rsquo;s Army Air Force still uses it, but since September 2015 it has also had a civil terminal for tourist flights. North Korea does not publish which air force units are based there.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which aircraft have been seen at Kalma?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">At the 2016 air festival: <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\">MiG-29<\/a>s, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\">Su-25<\/a>s, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\">MiG-21<\/a>bis, Mi-8 helicopters and Hughes 500E helicopters. At the 2025 anniversary: Su-25s, MiG-29s, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\">MiG-23<\/a>s, the Il-76 early warning aircraft and Saetbyol drones.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did the Americans ever use Wonsan airfield?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes, briefly. South Korean troops captured it on 10 October 1950 and US Marine aircraft flew from it as K-25 from 14 October until UN forces evacuated Wonsan on 9 December 1950. In July 2018 a US Air Force C-17 landed here to collect remains believed to be of American servicemen.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is there still an air show at Wonsan?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No. The 2016 festival was the only one; the second, planned for 23&ndash;24 September 2017, was cancelled in August 2017 amid tension over North Korea&rsquo;s nuclear and missile tests.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How long is the runway at Wonsan Kalma?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The new runway built from 2014 to 2018 is 3,500 m long, according to both English and Korean Wikipedia. The sources disagree about the older military runway, which Korean Wikipedia says was lengthened to 3,125 m and English Wikipedia says became a taxiway. North Korea publishes no aerodrome data that could confirm either.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Wonsan Kalma Airport still an active military air base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Active (dual-use: Korean People&rsquo;s Army Air Force and the civil airport for the Wonsan-Kalma tourist zone; venue of the 2016 air festival and the air force&rsquo;s 80th anniversary display in November 2025). The Korean People&rsquo;s Army Air Force operates it as Korean People&rsquo;s Army Air Force; resident units not published by any official or reliable source.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the ICAO code of Wonsan Kalma Airport?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The ICAO code of Wonsan Kalma Airport is ZKWS. The airfield sits at 2 m above sea level in Kangwon Province (Kangwon-do), at 39.1652 N, 127.4879 E.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which squadrons are based at Wonsan Kalma Airport?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Wonsan Kalma Airport currently hosts Korean People&rsquo;s Army Air Force display and anniversary units flying the MiG-29 Fulcrum, Su-25 Frogfoot, MiG-21bis Fishbed, MiG-23 Flogger, Mi-8T Hip, Hughes\/MD 500E.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which aircraft used to fly from Wonsan Kalma Airport?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Over its history Wonsan Kalma Airport has hosted Marine Aircraft Group 12, 1st Marine Aircraft Wing (US Marine Corps) (1950&ndash;1950) with the F4U Corsair.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is Wonsan Kalma Airport known for?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It hosted North Korea\\u2019s only international air show, the Wonsan International Friendship Air Festival of September 2016, and the air force\\u2019s 80th anniversary display on 28 November 2025, where Kim Jong Un gave the service a role in nuclear deterrence. It is also the civil airport for the Wonsan-Kalma beach resort, rebuilt from 2013 for about US$200 million.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Kalma a military air base or a civil airport?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Both. It was a military airfield for most of its history, and the Korean People\\u2019s Army Air Force still uses it, but since September 2015 it has also had a civil terminal for tourist flights. North Korea does not publish which air force units are based there.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which aircraft have been seen at Kalma?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"At the 2016 air festival: MiG-29s, Su-25s, MiG-21bis, Mi-8 helicopters and Hughes 500E helicopters. At the 2025 anniversary: Su-25s, MiG-29s, MiG-23s, the Il-76 early warning aircraft and Saetbyol drones.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did the Americans ever use Wonsan airfield?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, briefly. South Korean troops captured it on 10 October 1950 and US Marine aircraft flew from it as K-25 from 14 October until UN forces evacuated Wonsan on 9 December 1950. In July 2018 a US Air Force C-17 landed here to collect remains believed to be of American servicemen.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is there still an air show at Wonsan?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. The 2016 festival was the only one; the second, planned for 23\\u201324 September 2017, was cancelled in August 2017 amid tension over North Korea\\u2019s nuclear and missile tests.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long is the runway at Wonsan Kalma?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The new runway built from 2014 to 2018 is 3,500 m long, according to both English and Korean Wikipedia. The sources disagree about the older military runway, which Korean Wikipedia says was lengthened to 3,125 m and English Wikipedia says became a taxiway. North Korea publishes no aerodrome data that could confirm either.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Wonsan Kalma Airport still an active military air base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Active (dual-use: Korean People\\u2019s Army Air Force and the civil airport for the Wonsan-Kalma tourist zone; venue of the 2016 air festival and the air force\\u2019s 80th anniversary display in November 2025). The Korean People\\u2019s Army Air Force operates it as Korean People\\u2019s Army Air Force; resident units not published by any official or reliable source.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the ICAO code of Wonsan Kalma Airport?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The ICAO code of Wonsan Kalma Airport is ZKWS. The airfield sits at 2 m above sea level in Kangwon Province (Kangwon-do), at 39.1652 N, 127.4879 E.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which squadrons are based at Wonsan Kalma Airport?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Wonsan Kalma Airport currently hosts Korean People\\u2019s Army Air Force display and anniversary units flying the MiG-29 Fulcrum, Su-25 Frogfoot, MiG-21bis Fishbed, MiG-23 Flogger, Mi-8T Hip, Hughes\/MD 500E.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which aircraft used to fly from Wonsan Kalma Airport?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Over its history Wonsan Kalma Airport has hosted Marine Aircraft Group 12, 1st Marine Aircraft Wing (US Marine Corps) (1950\\u20131950) with the F4U Corsair.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Wonsan Kalma Airport<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/korean-peoples-army-air-force\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The operator<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Korean People&rsquo;s Army Air Force<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Fleet, bases and order of battle of the service that flies from here.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Korean People&rsquo;s Army Air Force page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Based here<\/span><span class=\"rh\">MiG-29 Fulcrum<\/span><span class=\"rp\">History, specifications and stories in the Book of Beasts.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the MiG-29 Fulcrum story<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Based here<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Su-25 Frogfoot<\/span><span class=\"rp\">History, specifications and stories in the Book of Beasts.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Su-25 Frogfoot story<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.38north.org\/2026\/01\/new-missiles-but-fewer-launches-a-missile-sub-reveal-and-a-nuclear-armed-air-force\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">38 North: Vann H. Van Diepen, New Missiles But Fewer Launches, a Missile Sub Reveal, and a Nuclear-Armed Air Force (15 January 2026)<\/a><span>28 November 2025 80th anniversary visit; nuclear deterrent role quoted from KCNA.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.twz.com\/air\/analyzing-north-koreas-new-air-launched-guided-weapons\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The War Zone: Thomas Newdick, Analyzing North Korea&rsquo;s New Air-Launched Guided Weapons (2 December 2025)<\/a><span>80th anniversary at Wonsan Kalma on Friday 28 November 2025; about 38 Su-25 per FlightGlobal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/theaviationist.com\/2016\/09\/26\/north-korea-hosts-first-air-show-ever\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Aviationist: David Cenciotti, North Korea hosts first air show ever (26 September 2016)<\/a><span>MiG-29, Su-25, MiG-21bis, Mi-8T, Y-5 and four Hughes 500E at Kalma.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-09-30.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .cflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/swiss-canton-flags-sprite-v2.png)!important}#mfam .cf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .cf1{background-position:-22px -2px}#mfam .cf2{background-position:-42px -2px}#mfam .cf3{background-position:-62px -2px}#mfam .cf4{background-position:-82px -2px}#mfam .cf5{background-position:-102px -2px}#mfam .cf6{background-position:-122px -2px}#mfam .cf7{background-position:-142px -2px}#mfam .cf8{background-position:-162px -2px}#mfam .cf9{background-position:-182px -2px}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .nflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aircraft-manufacturer-country-flags-v4.png)!important}#mfam .nf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .nf1{background-position:-24px -2px}#mfam .nf2{background-position:-46px -2px}#mfam .nf3{background-position:-68px -2px}#mfam .nf4{background-position:-90px -2px}#mfam 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