{"id":27842,"date":"2026-10-01T09:37:39","date_gmt":"2026-10-01T07:37:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/?page_id=27842"},"modified":"2026-10-08T14:45:06","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T12:45:06","slug":"%e8%80%81%e6%8c%9d%e4%ba%ba%e6%b0%91%e8%a7%a3%e6%94%be%e5%86%9b%e7%a9%ba%e5%86%9b","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/air-forces\/lao-peoples-liberation-army-air-force\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8001\u631d\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u7a7a\u519b"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>body.page-id-27842 h1.entry-title.main_title{display:none} body.page-id-27842 #main-content .container{padding-top:0} body.page-id-27842 #left-area{padding-bottom:0} body.page-id-27842{overflow-x:hidden} body.page-id-27842 #sidebar{display:none} body.page-id-27842 #left-area{width:100%!important;float:none;padding:0} body.page-id-27842 #main-content .container::before{display:none!important;background:none!important} html{overflow-x:hidden} #mfam{width:100vw;margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);background:#fff;color:#14181f;line-height:1.7;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;overflow:hidden;--bg2:#f6f8fb;--line:#e2e7ee;--txt:#14181f;--txt2:#454e5e;--txt3:#8b94a5;--blue:#5C91FF;--blue-ink:#3568e0;--blue-dim:rgba(92,145,255,.10)} #mfam *{box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:0} #mfam h1,#mfam h2,#mfam h3,#mfam h4,#mfam h5,#mfam b,#mfam strong,#mfam summary,#mfam .stat b,#mfam dt{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal} #mfam dd{font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal} #mfam a{color:var(--blue-ink);text-decoration:none} #mfam .wrap{max-width:1120px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 24px} #mfam section{padding:64px 0} #mfam hr.divider{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:0} #mfam h2{font-size:clamp(26px,3.4vw,36px);letter-spacing:-.5px;margin:0 0 8px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.15} #mfam h3{font-size:20px;margin:36px 0 12px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .sh{font-size:15px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--blue);margin:30px 0 8px;line-height:1.4} #mfam .cols>div:first-child>.sh:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .kicker{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);margin-bottom:14px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam p{color:var(--txt2);font-size:17px;max-width:70ch;margin:0} #mfam p+p{margin-top:1em} #mfam p strong{color:var(--txt)} #mfam .imp{color:#8a93a3;font-weight:400} #mfam .spx-lede{font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d4654;max-width:760px;margin:0 0 28px} #mfam .spx-note{font-size:13px;line-height:1.6;color:#697386;margin-top:18px;max-width:860px} #mfam .hero{position:relative;background:#10141d;padding:96px 0 0;overflow:hidden} #mfam .hero::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;inset:0;background:radial-gradient(ellipse at 20% 10%,rgba(92,145,255,.22),transparent 55%),radial-gradient(ellipse at 90% 90%,rgba(92,145,255,.10),transparent 50%)} #mfam .hero-in{position:relative;width:100%;padding-bottom:52px} #mfam .crumb{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.7);text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:18px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .crumb a{color:rgba(255,255,255,.7)} #mfam .hero h1{font-size:clamp(40px,6.5vw,80px);letter-spacing:-1.5px;line-height:1.04;color:#fff;margin:0} #mfam .hero h1 em{font-style:normal;color:var(--blue)} #mfam .hero .native{font-size:14px;letter-spacing:1px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);margin-top:10px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .hero .sub{font-size:clamp(16px,2vw,20px);color:rgba(255,255,255,.9);margin-top:14px;max-width:56ch} #mfam .statstrip{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:1px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.25);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25);margin-top:36px} #mfam .stat{background:rgba(255,255,255,.95);padding:18px 22px} #mfam .stat b{display:block;font-size:clamp(20px,2.4vw,28px);color:#0d1117;letter-spacing:-.5px} #mfam .stat span{font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .chips{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;padding:26px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .chip{font-size:13.5px;padding:8px 16px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .chip b{color:var(--txt3);margin-right:6px;font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px} #mfam .chip:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .chip.fly{background:var(--blue-dim);border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .cols{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:56px;align-items:start} #mfam .pull{font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;font-style:italic;font-size:24px;line-height:1.5;color:#0d1117;border-left:3px solid var(--blue);padding:6px 0 6px 26px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .pull cite{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:16px} #mfam .specgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:20px;margin-top:36px} #mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;align-items:start} #mfam .spectable{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .spectable h4{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;background:#0d1117;padding:18px 24px;margin:0} #mfam .spectable dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,150px) minmax(0,1fr);margin:0} #mfam .spectable dt,#mfam .spectable dd{padding:12px 20px;font-size:15px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin:0} #mfam .spectable dt{color:#4a5566;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .spectable dd{color:#0d1117;text-align:left;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:break-word;min-width:0} #mfam ul.gl,#mfam #basetbl td>ul{list-style:none!important;margin:2px 0 0!important;padding:0!important;border:0!important} #mfam ul.gl li{position:relative;padding-left:14px!important;line-height:1.55;margin:0!important} #mfam ul.gl li+li{margin-top:3px!important} #mfam .gl.tl li{padding-left:12px} #mfam .gl.tl li::before{width:4px;height:4px;top:.66em} #mfam .gl li::before{content:'';position:absolute;left:0;top:.6em;width:5px;height:5px;background:var(--blue)} #mfam .gnote{display:block;font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:7px} #mfam .spectable dt:nth-of-type(odd),#mfam .spectable dd:nth-of-type(odd){background:var(--bg2)} #mfam table.oobt{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:15px;margin-top:22px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt th{text-align:left;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;background:#0d1117;padding:13px 16px;font-weight:normal;white-space:nowrap;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam table.oobt td{padding:11px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);color:#0d1117;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;line-height:1.5} #mfam table.oobt tr:nth-child(odd) td{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet:not(.ord) td:nth-child(4),#mfam table.oobt.fleet:not(.ord) td:nth-child(5),#mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord td:nth-child(3),#mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord td:nth-child(4),#mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(2),#mfam #nearbytbl td:nth-child(2),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(2),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(5),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(6){text-align:left;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;white-space:nowrap} #mfam table.oobt th{text-align:left!important} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4){font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4)>span{display:block;white-space:nowrap} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4)>span+span{margin-top:7px} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4)>span>span+span{display:block;margin-left:62px;margin-top:1px;color:var(--txt3);font-size:11.5px;line-height:1.35;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4)>span>span:first-child{display:inline-block;min-width:62px} #mfam .cname{white-space:nowrap} #mfam table.oobt.fleet:not(.ord) td:nth-child(3),#mfam table.oobt.fleet:not(.ord) td:nth-child(6),#mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(5),#mfam #nearbytbl td:nth-child(4),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(3),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(4){color:var(--txt3)} #mfam table.oobt td a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam table.oobt td a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam table.oobt.former td{color:var(--txt3)} #mfam table.oobt.former td a{color:var(--txt3)} #mfam table.oobt tr.hot td{background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.mapjump{cursor:pointer} #mfam table.oobt td small{display:block;color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.45} #mfam .tscroll{overflow-x:auto} #mfam .pill{display:inline-block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:3px 9px;border:1px solid #0d1117;color:#0d1117;white-space:nowrap;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .pill.was{border-color:#c3cddb;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .pill.mig{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)}#mfam #basetbl td:first-child>span{display:block;margin-top:4px;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt2)}#mfam #basetbl td>ul{margin:0!important}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li{margin:0 0 6px!important;padding:0!important;font-size:14px;line-height:1.45;color:#0d1117}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li:last-child{margin-bottom:0!important}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li>span:first-child{color:inherit}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li>span+span,#mfam #basetbl td>ul li>span+span a{color:var(--txt2)}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li.was,#mfam #basetbl td>ul li.was a,#mfam #basetbl td>ul li.was>span+span,#mfam #basetbl td>ul li.was>span+span a{color:var(--txt3)}#mfam .migbtn{display:block;width:fit-content;margin-top:8px;max-width:13em;padding:5px 9px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);line-height:1.4;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;text-decoration:none}#mfam .migbtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .fleetchart{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:26px 28px;margin-top:22px} #mfam .frow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:150px 1fr 64px;align-items:center;gap:16px;height:38px} #mfam .fname{font-size:14px;color:#0d1117;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis} #mfam .fbar{display:block;background:#eef1f6;height:16px} #mfam .fbar i{display:block;height:16px;background:#5C91FF} #mfam .fnum{font-size:14px;text-align:right;color:#3d4654;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .mapframe{border:1px solid var(--blue);margin-top:22px;position:relative} #mfam .oobmap{height:560px;width:100%;background:#f4f6f9} #mfam .oobmap.home{height:520px} #mfam .mapsub{font-size:20px;letter-spacing:-.2px;margin:34px 0 4px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.2} #mfam .mapnote{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 4px;line-height:1.55;max-width:62em} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-group,#mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-group button{border-radius:0!important} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-group{box-shadow:none!important;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-group button+button{border-top:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-attrib{font-size:10px;color:var(--txt3);background:rgba(255,255,255,.85)!important;font-family:inherit} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-attrib a{color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-popup-content{border-radius:0;box-shadow:0 6px 22px rgba(13,17,23,.14);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:0;background:#fff} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-popup-anchor-bottom .maplibregl-popup-tip{border-top-color:#fff} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-popup-anchor-top .maplibregl-popup-tip{border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-popup{max-width:300px!important;pointer-events:auto} #mfam .mf-pin{width:14px;height:14px;background:#0d1117;border:2px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #0d1117;transition:transform .15s ease;cursor:pointer} #mfam .mf-pin.was{background:#fff;border:2px solid #8b94a5;box-shadow:none} #mfam .mf-pin.mig{background:#5C91FF;border:2px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #5C91FF;width:16px;height:16px} #mfam .mf-pin.hot,#mfam .mf-pin:hover{transform:scale(1.35)} #mfam .bp{width:270px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.5} #mfam .bp-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:10px;background:#0d1117;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .bp.was .bp-head{background:#8b94a5} #mfam .bp.mig .bp-head{background:#5C91FF} #mfam .bp-name{font-size:16px;padding:12px 14px 2px;line-height:1.25;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .bp-sub{font-size:12px;color:#8b94a5;padding:0 14px 10px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .bp dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;margin:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .bp dt,#mfam .bp dd{margin:0;padding:7px 14px;font-size:12.5px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);line-height:1.45} #mfam .bp dt{color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif} #mfam .bp dt small{display:block;color:#8b94a5;font-size:11px} #mfam .bp dd{text-align:right} #mfam .bp dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .bp dd a.was,#mfam .bp.was dd a{color:#8b94a5} #mfam .bp dt:nth-of-type(odd),#mfam .bp dd:nth-of-type(odd){background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .bp-link{display:block;padding:10px 14px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .bp-link:hover{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .bp-fly{display:block;padding:10px 14px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;background:#5C91FF;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .legend{display:flex;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:11px 14px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:0;background:#fff;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .legend span{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px} #mfam .dot{width:11px;height:11px;display:inline-block;background:#0d1117} #mfam .dot.was{background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #8b94a5} #mfam .dot.mig{background:#5C91FF} #mfam .oob{border:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:22px;background:#fff} #mfam .oob>div{background:#0d1117;color:#fff;padding:12px 18px;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .oob>div a{color:#fff} #mfam .oob>div em{font-style:normal;opacity:.6} #mfam .oob dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;margin:0} #mfam .oob dt,#mfam .oob dd{padding:11px 18px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin:0;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.5} #mfam .oob dt{color:#0d1117} #mfam .oob dt small{display:block;color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .oob dd{color:#0d1117;text-align:left} #mfam .oob dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .oob dt.was,#mfam .oob dd.was,#mfam .oob dd.was a{color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .oob dt:nth-of-type(odd),#mfam .oob dd:nth-of-type(odd){background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .tl{margin-top:40px;position:relative;padding-left:34px} #mfam .tl::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:8px;top:6px;bottom:6px;width:2px;background:var(--line)} #mfam .tl-item{position:relative;padding-bottom:34px} #mfam .tl-item::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:-32px;top:7px;width:14px;height:14px;background:#fff;border:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tl-item .yr{font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-ink);letter-spacing:1.5px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .tl-item p{font-size:15.5px;margin-top:4px} #mfam .qa{margin-top:30px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px} #mfam .qa details{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .qa details[open]{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qa summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;padding:22px 26px;font-size:18px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .qa summary::after{content:\"+\";font-size:24px;color:var(--blue-ink);flex:none;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qa details[open] summary::after{content:\"\\2013\"} #mfam summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 26px 24px;font-size:16px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:78ch} #mfam .ad{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 40px} #mfam .ad .adin{max-width:900px;margin:0 auto;text-align:center} #mfam .ad .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ad h2{margin-bottom:12px;color:#fff} #mfam .ad .adp{margin:0 auto 26px;color:#9aa3b8} #mfam .ad .btn{display:inline-block;background:var(--blue);color:#fff;padding:14px 26px;font-size:14px;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .ad .btn:hover{background:#fff;color:#0d1117} #mfam .relgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:34px} #mfam .rel{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:26px;box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(13,17,23,.05)} #mfam .rel:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .rel .rk{display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .rel .rh{display:block;font-size:20px;margin:8px 0 6px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .rel .rp{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .rel .go{display:block;margin-top:14px;font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .relgrid>p,#mfam .track>p{display:contents} #mfam .srclist{margin-top:26px;columns:2;column-gap:48px;list-style:none;font-size:15px;padding:0} #mfam .srclist li{margin-bottom:10px;break-inside:avoid;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .srclist li span{color:var(--txt3);font-size:13.5px;display:block} #mfam .verified{font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:18px} #mfam{--red:#d8232a;--green:#1f9d63;--amber:#c9821a} #mfam .hero.photo{padding:0;background:#0b0f16} #mfam .heroimg{position:absolute;inset:0;background-size:cover;background-position:center 45%;z-index:0} #mfam .hero.photo::before{z-index:1;background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(8,11,17,.80) 0%,rgba(8,11,17,.42) 40%,rgba(8,11,17,.90) 100%),linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(8,11,17,.72),rgba(8,11,17,.06) 62%)} #mfam .hero.photo .hero-in{padding-top:92px;padding-bottom:56px;z-index:2} #mfam .hero .accent{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;height:4px;z-index:4;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--red) 0 22%,var(--blue) 22% 100%)} #mfam .photocred{position:absolute;right:16px;bottom:14px;z-index:3;font-size:10.5px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.48);letter-spacing:.3px;max-width:52ch;text-align:right;line-height:1.4} #mfam .marks{display:flex;gap:30px;align-items:center;margin-top:32px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mark{display:flex;gap:13px;align-items:center} #mfam .rondel,#mfam .finflash{display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .rondel{width:58px;height:58px} #mfam .finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam .pq{margin:0;max-width:900px} #mfam .pq blockquote{margin:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-size:clamp(21px,2.6vw,28px);line-height:1.42;color:#fff;letter-spacing:-.2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:before{content:'\\201C';color:var(--blue);margin-right:2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:after{content:'\\201D';color:var(--blue);margin-left:2px} #mfam .pq figcaption{margin-top:20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6} #mfam .pq figcaption b{color:#fff;font-size:14px} #mfam .pq figcaption span{display:block;color:#7c8697;font-size:13px} #mfam .pq figcaption a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .pqrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:40px;max-width:1120px} #mfam .pqrow .pq blockquote{font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,21px)} #mfam .galgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .galgrid figure{margin:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .galgrid .gim{display:block;height:210px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .galgrid figcaption{padding:14px 16px 16px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .galgrid figcaption b{display:block;color:#0d1117;font-size:14.5px;margin-bottom:4px} #mfam .galgrid figcaption span{display:block;margin-top:7px;font-size:11.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.5} #mfam .galgrid figure.wide{grid-column:span 2} #mfam .galgrid figure.wide .gim{height:300px} #mfam .vidwrap{max-width:900px;margin-top:8px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#0d1117} #mfam .vidfr{position:relative;width:100%;padding-top:56.25%;height:0;display:block} #mfam .vidfr iframe{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;display:block} #mfam .vidcap{padding:16px 20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6;background:#0d1117} #mfam .vidcap b{display:block;color:#fff;font-size:15px;margin-bottom:4px} #mfam .vidcap a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .reads{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .read{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:22px 22px 24px} #mfam .read:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .read .rk{display:block;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);margin-bottom:9px} #mfam .read .rh{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;color:#0d1117} #mfam .read:hover .rh{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .read .rp{display:block;font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);line-height:1.6;margin-top:9px} #mfam .read .go{display:block;margin-top:14px;font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .galgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .reads{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .galgrid,#mfam .reads,#mfam .pqrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .galgrid figure.wide{grid-column:auto}#mfam .galgrid figure.wide .gim{height:210px}} #mfam .kfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .kf{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;padding:24px 24px 26px} #mfam .kf .kfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .kf h3{font-size:19px;line-height:1.25;margin:8px 0 10px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .kf p{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .kf .kff{display:block;margin-top:12px;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:14px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .deep{margin-top:8px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .deep details{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .deep summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;padding:22px 0;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:baseline;font-size:20px;line-height:1.3;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .deep summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .deep summary .dn{flex:0 0 34px;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.4px;color:var(--blue)} #mfam .deep summary .dx{margin-left:auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.2px;color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .deep details[open] summary .dx{visibility:hidden} #mfam .deep .dbody{padding:0 0 26px 54px;max-width:860px} #mfam .deep .dbody p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.68;margin-bottom:16px} #mfam .inc{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .inc article{border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--blue);background:#fff;padding:22px 24px 24px} #mfam .inc .incd{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.5px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .inc h3{font-size:18px;line-height:1.3;margin:7px 0 9px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .inc p{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .inc .incs{display:block;margin-top:11px;font-size:13px} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .kfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .kfgrid,#mfam .inc{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .deep .dbody{padding-left:0}#mfam .deep summary{font-size:18px}} #mfam .satfig{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#eef1f6;overflow:hidden;line-height:0} #mfam .satimg{display:block;width:100%;height:520px;background-position:center;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat} #mfam .satfig{cursor:zoom-in;position:relative}#mfam .satzoom{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:2;background:rgba(8,11,17,.72);color:#fff;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:9px 14px;line-height:1}#mfam .satlb{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:99999;background:rgba(6,9,14,.95);display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;cursor:zoom-out;padding:24px}#mfam .satlb.on{display:flex}#mfam .satbig{width:96vw;height:90vh;background-position:center;background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat}#mfam .satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; Laos<\/div>\n<h1>Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">&#3713;&#3757;&#3719;&#3735;&#3761;&#3738;&#3757;&#3762;&#3713;&#3762;&#3732;&#3739;&#3760;&#3722;&#3762;&#3722;&#3771;&#3737;&#3749;&#3762;&#3751;<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">The Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force is the small air arm of communist Laos, heir to a Royal Lao Air Force that flew some of the most intense close air support campaigns of the Secret War with American T-28s, and today a force of about thirty aircraft &mdash; Russian Yak-130 trainers and Mi-17 helicopters, a few Chinese types &mdash; that opened a joint aviation training centre with China on 29 September 2026.<\/p>\n<div class=\"marks\">\n<div class=\"mark\"><svg class=\"rondel\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Lao national marking: the national flag in a disc, a white disc on a blue band between red bands\"><defs><clipPath id=\"lac\"><circle cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"49\"\/><\/clipPath><\/defs><g clip-path=\"url(#lac)\"><rect x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" fill=\"#ce1126\"\/><rect x=\"0\" y=\"25\" width=\"100\" height=\"50\" fill=\"#002868\"\/><\/g><circle cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"20\" fill=\"#ffffff\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"mk\">National marking<b>The national flag in a disc: a white disc on a blue band between red bands<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Combat aircraft<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>5<\/b><span>Active air bases<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1975<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>16<\/b><span>Types retired<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Laos<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1975<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Vientiane<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Commander<\/b>Khamlek Sengphachanh<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>The Lao air force story: French Criquets, the Secret War&rsquo;s T-28s and a training centre with China<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1955&ndash;1963: a French-trained liaison arm and a divided kingdom<\/h3>\n<p>Lao military aviation began on 28 January 1955, when Aviation Laotienne was set up at Wattay airfield outside Vientiane with French instructors and a first equipment of ten Morane-Saulnier MS.500 Criquet liaison aircraft, followed by C-47 transports and H-19 helicopters. It was a liaison and transport service for a newly independent kingdom, not a combat force. In August 1960 it was renamed the Royal Lao Air Force (RLAF) &mdash; the same month the paratroop captain Kong Le seized Vientiane. When Kong Le&rsquo;s Neutralists retreated they took two C-47s and two L-20 Beavers with them, forming a rival Neutralist air arm, and from December 1960 the Soviet Union flew an airlift in their support that Wikipedia, citing Conboy, puts at about 1,000 sorties before the May 1962 armistice. The Geneva agreement of 23 July 1962 declared Laos neutral; in practice every side kept fighting, and the Neutralist air arm was folded back into the RLAF in the spring of 1963.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1964&ndash;1973: the Royal Lao Air Force in the Secret War<\/h3>\n<p>The war that followed was fought in secret because Geneva had banned foreign troops. In March 1964 the United States set up Project Waterpump at Udorn in Thailand to train RLAF pilots on the T-28 Trojan, and on 17 May 1964 RLAF T-28s flew their first strikes against the Pathet Lao and North Vietnamese on the Plain of Jars. Because there were not enough Lao pilots, Air America volunteers and Thai pilots flew alongside them until 1970. The T-28 force grew from about 20 to about 75 aircraft; Hmong pilots trained for Vang Pao&rsquo;s army at Long Tieng, the CIA-run base that appeared on no map. According to the RLAF history drawn from Conboy, the service flew about 10,000 combat sorties by the end of 1968 and about 30,000 a year from 1970 to 1972. The cost was high: T-28 pilots survived on average about 20 months, and the Hmong wing leader Lee Lue was killed on 11 July 1969 after more than 1,000 sorties.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1966&ndash;1975: coups, collapse and the change of government<\/h3>\n<p>The RLAF was also a political actor. Its combat commander, Thao Ma, rebelled in June 1966 and again on 22 October 1966, when eight T-28s bombed the General Staff and generals&rsquo; houses in Vientiane; 36 people were killed before the US ambassador intervened and Thao Ma flew into exile in Thailand. At its peak in January 1973 the RLAF had about 2,150 personnel and 180 aircraft, including 75 AT-28s and eight AC-47 gunships. Then the money stopped. After the February 1973 ceasefire Waterpump ended; on 20 August 1973 Thao Ma returned, seized Wattay and bombed Vientiane again, and was shot down and executed. With fuel and spares gone, pilots were flying two hours a month by late 1974. The last combat sortie, nine T-28s against a Pathet Lao column, was flown on 14 April 1975. In May sixteen T-28s fled to Thailand, and the Lao People&rsquo;s Democratic Republic was proclaimed on 2 December 1975.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1975&ndash;2014: a Soviet-supplied air force that shrank to helicopters<\/h3>\n<p>The new government kept the airframes and renamed the service the Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force; the RLAF history dates the renaming to early 1976. Soviet aid rebuilt it around the MiG-21: Gordon, Dexter and Komissarov, as summarised on Wikipedia, count 13 MiG-21PFMs and two MiG-21Us followed by ten MiG-21MFs in 1985, with unconfirmed reports of 20 MiG-21bis in 1983; none is airworthy today. When Soviet aid ended the fleet shrank to transports and helicopters. A 1997 cooperation agreement with Russia brought 12 second-hand Mi-17s in 1999. The air force&rsquo;s worst day in peacetime came on 17 May 2014, when An-74TK-300 RDPL-34020 crashed on approach to Xieng Khouang, killing 16 of the 17 on board, among them the Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister Douangchay Phichit and the Minister of Public Security Thongbanh Sengaphone.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2017&ndash;2026: Yak-130s, airports and a Chinese training centre<\/h3>\n<p>The present fleet is small and mixed. Laos ordered ten Yak-130 jet trainers from Russia in August 2017; deliveries began in 2018 and a Yak-130 appeared at the People&rsquo;s Army&rsquo;s 70th anniversary in January 2019, but Wikipedia counts only three in service, six still on order and one lost &mdash; on 3 October 2024 in Xieng Khouang Province, killing both pilots. Russian Helicopters returned four overhauled Mi-17s at Vientiane in July 2018, and the Mi-17 family is again the backbone, with about 17 listed. The air force has taken over under-used civil airports &mdash; Xieng Khouang in June 2020, with a Russian-funded runway extension of 550 metres, and Attapeu in February 2022. China&rsquo;s role is growing: its Red Falcon team made its first display abroad in Laos in January 2024, and on 29 September 2026 the two countries opened a joint military aviation support and training centre at Ban Keun. Beijing has not said what will be based there.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">The war that followed was fought in secret because Geneva had banned foreign troops.<cite>Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force &middot; verified 2026-09-30<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>The Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Service<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Native name<\/dt>\n<dd>&#3713;&#3757;&#3719;&#3735;&#3761;&#3738;&#3757;&#3762;&#3713;&#3762;&#3732;&#3739;&#3760;&#3722;&#3762;&#3722;&#3771;&#3737;&#3749;&#3762;&#3751;<span class=\"gnote\">Lao name as given on English Wikipedia, literally &ldquo;Lao People&rsquo;s Air Force&rdquo;. No official air force website was found to confirm the spelling; the Laotian Times uses the English name Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Founded<\/dt>\n<dd>1975 (lineage from 28 January 1955)<span class=\"gnote\">Aviation Laotienne was formed at Wattay on 28 January 1955 and renamed the Royal Lao Air Force in August 1960. The present name followed the communist victory: Wikipedia gives 1975, while the RLAF history dates the renaming to early 1976<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Part of<\/dt>\n<dd>Lao People&rsquo;s Army<span class=\"gnote\">One of the three service branches of the Lao People&rsquo;s Armed Forces, under the Ministry of National Defence; its headquarters signed the Xieng Khouang airport handover in 2020 as part of the ministry<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Headquarters<\/dt>\n<dd>Vientiane<span class=\"gnote\">Air force headquarters in Vientiane; Wattay has been the service&rsquo;s main base since 1955<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Commander<\/dt>\n<dd>Brig. Gen. Khamlek Sengphachanh<span class=\"gnote\">Confirmed as air force representative in September 2023; Wikipedia gives the rank as major general. Not confirmed for 2026<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Minister of National Defence<\/dt>\n<dd>Gen. Khamlieng Outhakaysone<span class=\"gnote\">Named as minister on English Wikipedia; he was Deputy Minister and Chief of the General Staff in September 2022. The date of his appointment as minister was not confirmed<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Strength<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Aircraft in service<\/dt>\n<dd>About 32<span class=\"gnote\">Wikipedia&rsquo;s total, drawn from FlightGlobal World Air Forces 2025. IISS and FlightGlobal were not reachable to confirm; personnel strength for the air force was not found in any source reached<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Jet trainers and light attack<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Yak-130 &mdash; 3 (1 lost 2024, 6 still on order)<\/li>\n<li>K-8 &mdash; 4 (single source)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Ten Yak-130s were ordered in August 2017. The K-8 figure appears only on the Wikipedia page and could not be corroborated<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Transport<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>MA600 &mdash; 1 (2 ordered)<\/li>\n<li>An-26 &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Wikipedia lists one MA600 in service; the MA600 article lists two ordered by the air force<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Helicopters<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Mi-17 family &mdash; about 17<\/li>\n<li>Z-9 &mdash; 4<\/li>\n<li>Ka-32 &mdash; 2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Four overhauled Mi-17s were returned by Russian Helicopters in July 2018, when the Laotian Times put the country&rsquo;s civil and military helicopter fleet at over 20 Ka-32T and Mi-8\/17 types<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Defence budget<\/dt>\n<dd>US$39 million (2024)<span class=\"gnote\">About 0.23 per cent of GDP, for all the armed forces, as given on Wikipedia; an air force figure is not published<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Infrastructure<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Main bases<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Vientiane (Wattay)<\/li>\n<li>Phonsavan (Xieng Khouang)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Wikipedia names these two main bases plus three supported bases, and notes frequent use of smaller civil airports<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Civil airports handed to the air force<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Xieng Khouang (June 2020)<\/li>\n<li>Attapeu (February 2022)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Xieng Khouang was handed over in a ceremony reported on 22 June 2020 (a 2025 report dates the transfer 12 June 2020); it was closed from 1 October 2024 to 31 May 2025 for a Russian-funded runway extension of 550 metres. Attapeu, closed to airlines in 2017, was handed over on 5 February 2022<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Joint training centre<\/dt>\n<dd>Ban Keun, Vientiane Province (opened 29 September 2026)<span class=\"gnote\">A joint Lao&ndash;Chinese military support and training centre for Lao pilots, working alongside the China-Laos Friendship Aviation Academy. China&rsquo;s defence ministry says it hosts no independent Chinese troops. It follows closer air ties: China&rsquo;s Red Falcon team made its first display outside China in Laos in January 2024, flying with the Lao air force over That Luang on 18 January<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Historic bases<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Long Tieng (Lima Site 20A)<\/li>\n<li>Seno (Savannakhet)<\/li>\n<li>Luang Prabang<\/li>\n<li>Pakse<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Royal Lao Air Force and CIA bases of the Secret War; Long Tieng is described as a restricted military site today<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"structure\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Structure<\/div>\n<h2>How the Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force is organised<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">A small air arm of the Lao People&rsquo;s Army under the Ministry of National Defence, with its headquarters in Vientiane and, according to Wikipedia, two main bases, Vientiane and Phonsavan, and three supported bases. <span class=\"imp\">Laos has no fighters: Wikipedia counts about 32 aircraft, among them three Yak-130 jet trainers and about 17 helicopters of the Mi-17 family.<\/span> Unit designations are not published.<\/p>\n<div class=\"org\">\n<div class=\"cmdcard\"><span class=\"cface mono\">KS<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"cmdtx\"><span class=\"crank\">Brigadier General (Major General according to Wikipedia)<\/span><b>Khamlek Sengphachanh<\/b><span class=\"cmeta\">Commander of the Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmdorg\"><span>Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force<\/span><em>&#3713;&#3757;&#3719;&#3735;&#3761;&#3738;&#3757;&#3762;&#3713;&#3762;&#3732;&#3739;&#3760;&#3722;&#3762;&#3722;&#3771;&#3737;&#3749;&#3762;&#3751;<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgrow\">\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Headquarters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Air Force Headquarters<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Vientiane<\/div>\n<p>One of the three service branches of the Lao People&rsquo;s Armed Forces, under the Ministry of National Defence. Brig. Gen. Khamlek Sengphachanh represented the air force at the ASEAN Air Chiefs Conference in September 2023, and Wikipedia lists him as Chief of Air Force with the rank of major general; whether he is still in post in 2026 was not confirmed. Laos publishes no official air force website.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Main base<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Wattay<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Vientiane<\/div>\n<p>The air force&rsquo;s main base since Aviation Laotienne was formed here on 28 January 1955, at one end of Vientiane&rsquo;s civil airport. Russian Helicopters handed four overhauled Mi-17s to the air force here in July 2018; unit designations are not published.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Main base<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Xieng Khouang<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Phonsavan<\/div>\n<p>The second main base named by Wikipedia: a civil airport placed under the air force in June 2020 and closed from October 2024 to May 2025 for a Russian-funded runway extension of 550 metres. A Yak-130 was lost during training in the province on 3 October 2024; that the Yak-130s are permanently based here is not confirmed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Detachments<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Pakse and Attapeu<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Pakse and Attapeu<\/div>\n<p>Wikipedia describes Pakse airport as a detachment base of the air force, beside the headquarters of Military Region 4; aircraft types are not published. Attapeu&rsquo;s airport, closed to airlines in 2017, was handed to the air force on 5 February 2022, with no published plan for its military use.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Training<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Lao&ndash;Chinese military aviation support and training centre<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Ban Keun<\/div>\n<p>Opened on 29 September 2026 to support training for Lao air force pilots, alongside the China-Laos Friendship Aviation Academy. China&rsquo;s defence ministry says it hosts no independent Chinese troops and is not directed against any third party; the aircraft to be based there have not been disclosed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">In service<\/div>\n<h2>What the Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force flies today<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type on charge, linked to its Book of Beasts page where one exists. <span class=\"imp\">Counts are aircraft on the books, not aircraft available on a given day.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-yr\">\n<col class=\"c-units\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">In service<\/th>\n<th>Since<\/th>\n<th>Units<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-130\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-130\/\">Yakovlev Yak-130<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Advanced jet trainer and light attack<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>2018<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Three in service according to Wikipedia, with six still on order and one lost on 3 October 2024: ten were ordered in August 2017, so four have been delivered.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mil Mi-17 and Mi-172<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td>1999<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>About 17 of the Mi-17 family according to Wikipedia; not confirmed by IISS or FlightGlobal directly.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Harbin Z-9<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Utility helicopter<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Four according to Wikipedia; not corroborated by a second source reached.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph1\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Kamov Ka-32<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Utility helicopter<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Two according to Wikipedia (listed as Ka-27 family, variant Ka-32).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Hongdu K-8 Karakorum<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Jet trainer and light attack<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Four according to the Wikipedia air force page only; the K-8 article does not list Laos as an operator, and no delivery report was found. Treat as unconfirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Xian MA600<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One in service according to the Wikipedia air force page; the MA600 article lists two ordered by the air force.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Antonov An-26<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One according to Wikipedia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fleetchart\">\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Mi-17<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:100%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">17<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Z-9<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:24%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">4<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">K-8<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:24%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">4<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Yak-130<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:18%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">3<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Ka-32<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:12%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">2<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">MA600<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:6%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">1<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">An-26<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:6%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">1<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>On order<\/h3>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet ord\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-fd\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Ordered<\/th>\n<th>First delivery<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-130\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-130\/\">Yakovlev Yak-130<\/a><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>2018<\/td>\n<td>Six of the ten ordered in August 2017 remain outstanding according to Wikipedia. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>No delivery date for them was published, and no delivery was reported between 2019 and September 2026 in the sources reached.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Xian MA600<span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Wikipedia&rsquo;s MA600 article lists two ordered by the air force while the air force page lists one in service, which would leave one outstanding. Treat as unconfirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"former\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Formerly operated<\/div>\n<h2>Every type the Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force has retired<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">16 types, from the Douglas C-47 Skytrain to the Antonov An-74TK-300. <span class=\"imp\">Peak figures are airframes taken on charge over the whole service life, not fleet strength on any one date.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet former\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-srv\">\n<col class=\"c-rep\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Peak<\/th>\n<th>Served<\/th>\n<th>Replaced by<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph2\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Antonov An-74TK-300<\/td>\n<td>VIP and staff transport<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>At least one; how many the air force operated was not confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ac-47-spooky\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph3\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ac-47-spooky\/\" class=\"was\">Douglas AC-47 Spooky<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Gunship<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>1969&ndash;1975<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Eight in July 1971 and in January 1973.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>North American AT-6 Texan<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light attack<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>1961&ndash;1961<\/td>\n<td>T-28 Trojan<\/td>\n<td>Six arrived on 9 January 1961.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph4\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\" class=\"was\">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21PFM, MiG-21U and MiG-21MF<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td>1975&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>13 MiG-21PFM and 2 MiG-21U, then 10 MiG-21MF in 1985 (Gordon, Dexter and Komissarov, via Wikipedia). Reports of 20 MiG-21bis in 1983 are unconfirmed, so the total could be 25&ndash;45.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-28-trojan\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph5\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-28-trojan\/\" class=\"was\">North American T-28 Trojan (T-28D, AT-28)<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light attack<\/td>\n<td>75<\/td>\n<td>1963&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>MiG-21 (fighter role)<\/td>\n<td>About 75 AT-28s in January 1973, up from about 20; 29 T-28s passed to the Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force after 1975.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph6\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Douglas C-47 Skytrain<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>1955&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>18 by early 1973; four French-crewed aircraft at the start.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/o-1-bird-dog\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph7\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/o-1-bird-dog\/\" class=\"was\">Cessna L-19\/O-1 Bird Dog<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Liaison and forward air control<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>1956&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Six delivered first; 15 by early 1973.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph8\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Sikorsky H-34 \/ UH-34<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td>43<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>43 by 1973, 24 of them transferred from the South Vietnamese air force; four were lost to defections after 1975.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph9\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Sikorsky H-19<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Helicopter<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>1955&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Four at the start and two from the Royal Thai Air Force in October 1955.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph10\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Morane-Saulnier MS.500 Criquet<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Liaison<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>1955&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>O-1 Bird Dog<\/td>\n<td>Ten by February 1955.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph11\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fairchild C-123K Provider<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Ten from Air America.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph12\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Cessna T-41 Mescalero<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Trainer<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Ten from Air America; one was lost to a defection after 1975.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph13\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Sud Aviation Alouette<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Helicopter<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>1960&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Two bought in 1960.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>de Havilland Canada L-20 Beaver<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Liaison<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>1960&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Two taken by Kong Le&rsquo;s Neutralists in 1960; the RLAF total was not confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Lisunov Li-2<\/td>\n<td>Transport (Neutralist air arm)<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>1960&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Three provided by the Soviet Union to Kong Le&rsquo;s forces.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Antonov An-2<\/td>\n<td>Utility transport<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One was lost to a defection to Thailand between 1975 and 1977.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"bases\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Air bases<\/div>\n<h2>Where the Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force flies from<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Black pins are active bases, hollow pins the airfields that have closed. <span class=\"imp\">Vientiane and Phonsavan are the two main bases; Luang Prabang, Savannakhet and Pakse were Royal Lao Air Force T-28 bases in the Secret War, and Long Tieng, the CIA-built base of Vang Pao&rsquo;s army, has been a restricted Lao People&rsquo;s Army site since 1975.<\/span> Present air force use of Luang Prabang and Savannakhet is not confirmed. Entries with no published aerodrome data carry no pin.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><span>Click a pin to open the base page<\/span><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"mapsub\">Laos<\/h3>\n<p class=\"mapnote\">One of the 8 bases above sits outside Laos, so the world map has to pull back until the home airfields cannot be told apart. The same pins again, without the overseas base.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap2\" class=\"oobmap home\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"oob2-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"oob2-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"basefind\" data-filter=\"#basetbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air bases\" placeholder=\"Search bases, province, units, aircrafts\" aria-label=\"Search bases, province, units, aircrafts\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"basefind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"basefind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"basetbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Runway<\/th>\n<th>Units and aircraft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr id=\"base-attapeu\" data-base=\"attapeu\" data-x=\"active active Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force AOU\">\n<td>Attapeu<span>Attapeu Province<\/span><\/td>\n<td>VLAP<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-ban-keun\" data-base=\"ban-keun\" data-x=\"active active Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force, with Chinese military support \">\n<td>Ban Keun<span>Vientiane Province<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Lao&ndash;Chinese military aviation support and training centre<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-pakse\" data-base=\"pakse\" data-x=\"active active Detachment of the Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force; Military Region 4 headquarters adjoins the airport PKZ\">\n<td>Pakse<span>Champasak Province<\/span><\/td>\n<td>VLPS<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>15\/33<\/span>2,400 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Air force detachment, Pakse<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Royal Lao Air Force T-28 detachment, Pakse<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-28-trojan\/\">North American T-28D Trojan<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Raven forward air controllers (US Air Force)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/o-1-bird-dog\/\">Cessna O-1 Bird Dog<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-wattay\" data-base=\"wattay\" data-x=\"active active Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force headquarters, Ministry of National Defence VTE\">\n<td>Wattay<small>Vientiane<\/small><span>Vientiane Prefecture, Sikhottabong district<\/span><\/td>\n<td>VLVT<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>13\/31<\/span>3,000 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force main base units<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mil Mi-17<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>1st Observation and Liaison Squadron, Aviation Laotienne<\/span>: <span>Morane-Saulnier MS.500 Criquet<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Royal Lao Air Force Transport Squadron<\/span>: <span>Douglas C-47<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-xieng-khouang\" data-base=\"xieng-khouang\" data-x=\"active active Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force; airport handed over by the Ministry of Public Works and Transport XKH\">\n<td>Xieng Khouang<small>Phonsavan<\/small><span>Xieng Khouang Province<\/span><\/td>\n<td>VLXK<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>07\/25<\/span>2,480 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force main base units<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-130\/\">Yakovlev Yak-130<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-luang-prabang\" data-base=\"luang-prabang\" data-x=\"active civil Civil airport; historically Royal Lao Air Force LPQ\" class=\"was\">\n<td>Luang Prabang<span>Luang Prabang Province<\/span><\/td>\n<td>VLLB<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>05\/23<\/span>2,500 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Royal Lao Air Force strike detachment, Luang Prabang<\/span>: <span>North American AT-6 Texan, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-28-trojan\/\">North American T-28 Trojan<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Raven forward air controllers (US Air Force)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/o-1-bird-dog\/\">Cessna O-1 Bird Dog<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-savannakhet\" data-base=\"savannakhet\" data-x=\"active civil Civil airport; historically Royal Lao Air Force ZVK\" class=\"was\">\n<td>Savannakhet<small>and Seno<\/small><span>Savannakhet Province<\/span><\/td>\n<td>VLSK<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>04\/22<\/span>1,633 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Royal Lao Air Force T-28 force, Savannakhet<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-28-trojan\/\">North American T-28 Trojan<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>&#201;cole d&rsquo;Entra&#238;nement de Pilotes (RLAF Pilot Training School), Seno<\/span>: <span>Training aircraft (types not specified)<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Raven forward air controllers (US Air Force)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/o-1-bird-dog\/\">Cessna O-1 Bird Dog<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-long-tieng\" data-base=\"long-tieng\" data-x=\"active closed Headquarters of Military Region II under Maj. Gen. Vang Pao; CIA station; Royal Lao Air Force Hmong T-28 squadron \" class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/long-tieng\/\" class=\"was\">Long Tieng<small>Lima Site 20A<\/small><\/a><span>Xaisomboun Province (Longchaeng district)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1975<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Hmong T-28 Fighter-Bomber Special Squadron, Royal Lao Air Force<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-28-trojan\/\">North American T-28D Trojan<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Raven forward air controllers (US Air Force)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/o-1-bird-dog\/\">Cessna O-1 Bird Dog<\/a>, Cessna U-17, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-28-trojan\/\">North American T-28D<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Air America (CIA proprietary airline)<\/span>: <span>Helio Courier, Pilatus Porter, UH-34 helicopters<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"basefind\">No air base matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"oob\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Order of battle<\/div>\n<h2>Who is stationed where in the Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Flying units by base, current units first. <span class=\"imp\">The present air force publishes no unit designations, so its entries are named by base; the Royal Lao Air Force squadrons of 1955&ndash;1975, among them the Hmong T-28 squadron at Long Tieng, are listed as its predecessors.<\/span> The US Air Force&rsquo;s Raven forward air controllers and Air America are listed and marked as not Lao. Where a unit or date rests on a single secondary source, the entry says so.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"unitfind\" data-filter=\"#oobwrap\" data-item=\".oob\" data-noun=\"installations\" placeholder=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" aria-label=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"unitfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"unitfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"oobwrap\" id=\"oobwrap\">\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Vientiane Prefecture, Sikhottabong district active Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force headquarters, Ministry of National Defence\">\n<div><span>Wattay (Vientiane) &middot; VLVT<\/span><em>Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force headquarters, Ministry of National Defence<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force main base units<small>Helicopter and transport units &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mil Mi-17<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">1st Observation and Liaison Squadron, Aviation Laotienne<small>1955&ndash;<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Morane-Saulnier MS.500 Criquet<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Royal Lao Air Force Transport Squadron<\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Douglas C-47<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Xieng Khouang Province active Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force; airport handed over by the Ministry of Public Works and Transport\">\n<div><span>Xieng Khouang (Phonsavan) &middot; VLXK<\/span><em>Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force; airport handed over by the Ministry of Public Works and Transport<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force main base units<small>Flying units &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-130\/\">Yakovlev Yak-130<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Vientiane Province active Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force, with Chinese military support\">\n<div><span>Ban Keun &middot; <\/span><em>Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force, with Chinese military support<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Lao&ndash;Chinese military aviation support and training centre<small>Pilot training and support centre &middot; joint<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Champasak Province active Detachment of the Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force; Military Region 4 headquarters adjoins the airport\">\n<div><span>Pakse &middot; VLPS<\/span><em>Detachment of the Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force; Military Region 4 headquarters adjoins the airport<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Air force detachment, Pakse<small>Detachment &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Royal Lao Air Force T-28 detachment, Pakse<\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">North American T-28D Trojan<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Raven forward air controllers (US Air Force)<small>1966&ndash;1973<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Cessna O-1 Bird Dog<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"unitfind\">No unit matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force milestones, 1914 to today<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1955<\/div>\n<p>28 January: Aviation Laotienne is formed at Wattay, Vientiane, with French instructors; ten MS.500 Criquets by February.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1960<\/div>\n<p>August: renamed the Royal Lao Air Force; the same month Kong Le&rsquo;s coup splits it and his Neutralists take two C-47s and two Beavers. December: a Soviet airlift to the Neutralists begins.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1961<\/div>\n<p>9 January: six AT-6 Texans arrive, the first strike aircraft; they are soon replaced by T-28s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1962<\/div>\n<p>23 July: the Geneva agreement declares Laos neutral. The CIA begins building Long Tieng for Vang Pao&rsquo;s army.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1964<\/div>\n<p>March: Project Waterpump opens at Udorn, Thailand, to train RLAF T-28 pilots. 17 May: first RLAF T-28 strikes on the Plain of Jars.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1966<\/div>\n<p>22 October: Thao Ma&rsquo;s eight T-28s bomb the General Staff in Vientiane; 36 are killed and he flees to Thailand.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1969<\/div>\n<p>11 July: Hmong wing leader Lee Lue is killed after more than 1,000 sorties. 5 September: first RLAF AC-47 gunship missions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1973<\/div>\n<p>January: the RLAF peaks at about 2,150 personnel and 180 aircraft. 21 February: ceasefire; Waterpump ends. 20 August: Thao Ma seizes Wattay, bombs Vientiane, is shot down and executed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1975<\/div>\n<p>14 April: last RLAF combat sortie. 14 May: Vang Pao is evacuated from Long Tieng; sixteen T-28s fly to Thailand in May. 2 December: the Lao People&rsquo;s Democratic Republic is proclaimed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1976<\/div>\n<p>Early in the year the air force is renamed the Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force (RLAF history; Wikipedia gives 1975).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1985<\/div>\n<p>Ten MiG-21MFs are delivered, adding to 13 MiG-21PFMs and two MiG-21Us (Gordon, Dexter and Komissarov).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1999<\/div>\n<p>Mid-year: 12 second-hand Mi-17s enter service under a 1997 cooperation agreement with Russia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2014<\/div>\n<p>17 May: An-74TK-300 RDPL-34020 crashes near Xieng Khouang; 16 of 17 on board are killed, including Defence Minister Douangchay Phichit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2017<\/div>\n<p>August: Laos orders ten Yak-130 jet trainers from Russia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2018<\/div>\n<p>Yak-130 deliveries begin; in July Russian Helicopters returns four overhauled Mi-17s at Vientiane.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2020<\/div>\n<p>June: Xieng Khouang airport is handed over to the air force; Attapeu follows in February 2022.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2024<\/div>\n<p>13 January: China&rsquo;s Red Falcon team arrives for the People&rsquo;s Army 75th anniversary. 3 October: a Yak-130 crashes in Xieng Khouang Province, killing both pilots.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>29 September: a joint Lao&ndash;Chinese military aviation support and training centre opens at Ban Keun, Vientiane Province.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Combat record<\/div>\n<h2>Every war the Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force has fought<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Sorties and losses where the record gives them, and an honest blank where it does not.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip dark\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>4<\/b><span>conflicts<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1960<\/b><span>First<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Aircraft lost<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Killed<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"gl cml\">\n<li><b>The Laotian Civil War (the &ldquo;Secret War&rdquo;)<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1960&ndash;1975<\/span> Close air support and interdiction with T-28s and AC-47 gunships for the Royal Lao Army and Vang Pao&rsquo;s Hmong forces, alongside a much larger US bombing campaign<\/li>\n<li><b>The Kong Le crisis and the Soviet airlift<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1960&ndash;1962<\/span> Kong Le&rsquo;s Neutralists formed their own small air arm with captured transports, supplied by a Soviet airlift; the RLAF received its first strike aircraft<\/li>\n<li><b>Thao Ma&rsquo;s air force coups<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1966&ndash;1973<\/span> RLAF T-28s under their former commander attacked the General Staff and government targets in the capital<\/li>\n<li><b>The Thai&ndash;Lao border war<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1987&ndash;1988<\/span> Ground war over a disputed border village; no source reached confirms that Lao aircraft flew combat missions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cbig\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/lao-peoples-liberation-army-air-force\/combat-record\/\">Open the full combat record<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"makers\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The manufacturers<\/div>\n<h2>Who built the Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force fleet<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every company behind the aircraft on this page has its own page: the story, every type it built, the numbers and the other air forces that fly them.<\/p>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Current fleet and orders<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/xian\/\">Xi&#8217;an<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/yakovlev\/\">Yakovlev<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/antonov\/\">Antonov<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/harbin\/\">Harbin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/hongdu\/\">Hongdu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/kamov\/\">Kamov<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/mil\/\">Mil<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Former fleet<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/cessna\/\" class=\"was\">Cessna<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/douglas\/\" class=\"was\">Douglas<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/north-american-aviation\/\" class=\"was\">North American Aviation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/sikorsky\/\" class=\"was\">Sikorsky<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/fairchild\/\" class=\"was\">Fairchild<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/lisunov\/\" class=\"was\">Lisunov<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/mikoyan\/\" class=\"was\">Mikoyan<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/morane-saulnier\/\" class=\"was\">Morane-Saulnier<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/sud-aviation\/\" class=\"was\">Sud Aviation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/de-havilland-canada\/\" class=\"was\">de Havilland Canada<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"news\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">From the magazine<\/div>\n<h2>Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force news from Afterburner<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Everything MiGFlug&rsquo;s magazine has published on the Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force and the aircraft it flies. <span class=\"imp\">This list refreshes itself &mdash; new Afterburner stories appear here automatically.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ngrid\" id=\"newsgrid\" data-cats=\"664,670,666\" data-term=\"laos\" data-match=\"\\blaos\\b|\\blao\\b|long tieng|plain of jars\" data-reject=\"Lao Airlines|Airlines\"><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/china-laos-joint-support-training-center-ban-keun-air-force-2026\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph14\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-09-30\">30 September 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">China Opens Air Force Training Centre in Laos at Ban Keun Airport<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">China has very few military footholds abroad, and on 29 September 2026 it quietly added one more. Beijing&rsquo;s Ministry of National&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/lima-site-85-phou-pha-thi-etchberger-medal-of-honor-1968\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph15\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-09-26\">26 September 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Lima Site 85: The Secret Radar the US Lost on a Mountain in Laos<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">In March 1968, North Vietnamese sappers climbed the cliffs of Phou Pha Thi and overran a secret US radar in Laos. Chief Master Sgt. Richard&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"nmore\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/\">All stories in Afterburner<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about the Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What is the Lao air force called in Lao?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Its Lao name is &#3713;&#3757;&#3719;&#3735;&#3761;&#3738;&#3757;&#3762;&#3713;&#3762;&#3732;&#3739;&#3760;&#3722;&#3762;&#3722;&#3771;&#3737;&#3749;&#3762;&#3751;, literally &ldquo;Lao People&rsquo;s Air Force&rdquo;, as given on English Wikipedia; the English name used in Lao media such as the Laotian Times is Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force. Laos publishes no official air force website on which to check the spelling. Before 1975 the service was the Royal Lao Air Force, and before August 1960 Aviation Laotienne.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What aircraft does the Lao air force fly in 2026?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">About 32 aircraft according to Wikipedia&rsquo;s summary of FlightGlobal: three <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-130\/\">Yak-130<\/a> jet trainers, about 17 Mi-17-family helicopters, four Harbin Z-9s and two Ka-32s, an MA600 and an An-26 transport, and four K-8 trainers, although the K-8s could not be confirmed from a second source. It has no fighter in service.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does Laos have fighter jets?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Not today. Laos flew Soviet <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\">MiG-21s<\/a> from the late 1970s &mdash; 13 MiG-21PFMs and two trainers, then ten MiG-21MFs in 1985 &mdash; but none is airworthy. The nearest thing to a combat jet is the Yak-130 advanced trainer, which can carry light weapons; ten were ordered in 2017 and three are in service.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What was the Royal Lao Air Force?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The air force of the Kingdom of Laos from 1960 to 1975, founded as Aviation Laotienne at Wattay on 28 January 1955. Trained and supplied by the United States, it flew <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-28-trojan\/\">T-28 Trojans<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ac-47-spooky\/\">AC-47<\/a> gunships in the Secret War and peaked in January 1973 at about 2,150 personnel and 180 aircraft. It collapsed with the royal government in 1975 and its remaining aircraft passed to the Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many missions did the Royal Lao Air Force fly in the Secret War?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The RLAF history on Wikipedia, drawn from Kenneth Conboy, gives about 10,000 combat sorties by the end of 1968 and about 30,000 a year from 1970 to 1972. These figures are not official totals. They are separate from the US campaign, which dropped 2,756,941 tons of ordnance on Laos in 230,516 sorties between 1965 and 1973.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What was Long Tieng?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Long Tieng, known as Lima Site 20A, was the CIA-run base in the mountains of northern Laos that served as headquarters of Vang Pao&rsquo;s Hmong army from 1962. By the late 1960s about 40,000 people lived there, yet it appeared on no map. Hmong T-28 pilots of the RLAF flew from it. Vang Pao was evacuated on 14 May 1975; the site is described today as a restricted military area in Xaisomboun Province.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to the Lao Yak-130 in 2024?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">On 3 October 2024 a Lao Yak-130 crashed during a training flight in Xieng Khouang Province and both pilots were killed, according to Wikipedia citing the Aviation Safety Network. It was one of four delivered from the ten ordered in 2017. The cause was not published in any source reached.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What was the 2014 Lao air force crash?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">On 17 May 2014 an air force An-74TK-300, RDPL-34020, crashed on approach to Xieng Khouang, killing 16 of the 17 on board. Among the dead were Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister Douangchay Phichit, Minister of Public Security Thongbanh Sengaphone, propaganda chief Cheuang Sombounkhanh and Vientiane governor Soukanh Mahalath. The aircraft was too low on final approach and clipped trees.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is China building an air base in Laos?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">On 29 September 2026 Laos and China opened a joint military support and training centre at Ban Keun airport in Vientiane Province to support training for Lao pilots alongside the China-Laos Friendship Aviation Academy, according to the Laotian Times. China&rsquo;s defence ministry says it is meant to deepen military cooperation, does not host independent Chinese troops and is not directed at any third party. Beijing has not disclosed what personnel or aircraft will be based there.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who commands the Lao air force?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Khamlek Sengphachanh, who led the Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force delegation to the ASEAN Air Chiefs Conference in September 2023 as a brigadier general; Wikipedia lists him as a major general and Chief of Air Force. When he took command, and whether he remains in post in 2026, was not confirmed.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the Lao air force called in Lao?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Its Lao name is \\u0e81\\u0ead\\u0e87\\u0e97\\u0eb1\\u0e9a\\u0ead\\u0eb2\\u0e81\\u0eb2\\u0e94\\u0e9b\\u0eb0\\u0e8a\\u0eb2\\u0e8a\\u0ebb\\u0e99\\u0ea5\\u0eb2\\u0ea7, literally \\u201cLao People\\u2019s Air Force\\u201d, as given on English Wikipedia; the English name used in Lao media such as the Laotian Times is Lao People\\u2019s Liberation Army Air Force. Laos publishes no official air force website on which to check the spelling. Before 1975 the service was the Royal Lao Air Force, and before August 1960 Aviation Laotienne.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What aircraft does the Lao air force fly in 2026?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"About 32 aircraft according to Wikipedia\\u2019s summary of FlightGlobal: three Yak-130 jet trainers, about 17 Mi-17-family helicopters, four Harbin Z-9s and two Ka-32s, an MA600 and an An-26 transport, and four K-8 trainers, although the K-8s could not be confirmed from a second source. It has no fighter in service.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does Laos have fighter jets?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not today. Laos flew Soviet MiG-21s from the late 1970s \\u2014 13 MiG-21PFMs and two trainers, then ten MiG-21MFs in 1985 \\u2014 but none is airworthy. The nearest thing to a combat jet is the Yak-130 advanced trainer, which can carry light weapons; ten were ordered in 2017 and three are in service.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What was the Royal Lao Air Force?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The air force of the Kingdom of Laos from 1960 to 1975, founded as Aviation Laotienne at Wattay on 28 January 1955. Trained and supplied by the United States, it flew T-28 Trojans and AC-47 gunships in the Secret War and peaked in January 1973 at about 2,150 personnel and 180 aircraft. It collapsed with the royal government in 1975 and its remaining aircraft passed to the Lao People\\u2019s Liberation Army Air Force.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many missions did the Royal Lao Air Force fly in the Secret War?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The RLAF history on Wikipedia, drawn from Kenneth Conboy, gives about 10,000 combat sorties by the end of 1968 and about 30,000 a year from 1970 to 1972. These figures are not official totals. They are separate from the US campaign, which dropped 2,756,941 tons of ordnance on Laos in 230,516 sorties between 1965 and 1973.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What was Long Tieng?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Long Tieng, known as Lima Site 20A, was the CIA-run base in the mountains of northern Laos that served as headquarters of Vang Pao\\u2019s Hmong army from 1962. By the late 1960s about 40,000 people lived there, yet it appeared on no map. Hmong T-28 pilots of the RLAF flew from it. Vang Pao was evacuated on 14 May 1975; the site is described today as a restricted military area in Xaisomboun Province.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to the Lao Yak-130 in 2024?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"On 3 October 2024 a Lao Yak-130 crashed during a training flight in Xieng Khouang Province and both pilots were killed, according to Wikipedia citing the Aviation Safety Network. It was one of four delivered from the ten ordered in 2017. The cause was not published in any source reached.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What was the 2014 Lao air force crash?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"On 17 May 2014 an air force An-74TK-300, RDPL-34020, crashed on approach to Xieng Khouang, killing 16 of the 17 on board. Among the dead were Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister Douangchay Phichit, Minister of Public Security Thongbanh Sengaphone, propaganda chief Cheuang Sombounkhanh and Vientiane governor Soukanh Mahalath. The aircraft was too low on final approach and clipped trees.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is China building an air base in Laos?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"On 29 September 2026 Laos and China opened a joint military support and training centre at Ban Keun airport in Vientiane Province to support training for Lao pilots alongside the China-Laos Friendship Aviation Academy, according to the Laotian Times. China\\u2019s defence ministry says it is meant to deepen military cooperation, does not host independent Chinese troops and is not directed at any third party. Beijing has not disclosed what personnel or aircraft will be based there.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who commands the Lao air force?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Khamlek Sengphachanh, who led the Lao People\\u2019s Liberation Army Air Force delegation to the ASEAN Air Chiefs Conference in September 2023 as a brigadier general; Wikipedia lists him as a major general and Chief of Air Force. When he took command, and whether he remains in post in 2026, was not confirmed.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"gallery\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Read the aircraft the Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force flew<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type with a page in the Book of Beasts, in service first, then by the year it left the fleet.<\/p>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-130\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Yakovlev Yak-130<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mil Mi-17 and Mi-172<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21PFM, MiG-21U and MiG-21MF<\/b><em>1975&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-28-trojan\/\"><span class=\"im ph5\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>North American T-28 Trojan (T-28D, AT-28)<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1963&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/o-1-bird-dog\/\"><span class=\"im ph7\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Cessna L-19\/O-1 Bird Dog<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1956&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ac-47-spooky\/\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Douglas AC-47 Spooky<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1969&ndash;1975<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ainonline.com\/aviation-news\/defense\/2019-01-21\/laos-receives-yak-130-combat-jet-trainers\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AIN: Laos Receives Yak-130 Combat Jet Trainers (21 January 2019)<\/a><span>Laos as the fifth Yak-130 export customer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/laotiantimes.com\/2026\/09\/30\/laos-china-open-joint-military-aviation-center-for-lao-air-force-training\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Laotian Times: Laos, China Open Joint Military Aviation Center for Lao Air Force Training (30 September 2026)<\/a><span>Ban Keun centre opened 29 September 2026; Chinese defence ministry statements.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/laotiantimes.com\/2020\/06\/22\/xieng-khouang-airport-handed-over-to-lao-air-force\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Laotian Times: Xieng Khouang Airport Handed Over to Lao Air Force (22 June 2020)<\/a><span>Handover signed by Lt Col Sengthanome Bouttavong for air force HQ, Ministry of National Defence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/laotiantimes.com\/2025\/05\/12\/xieng-khouang-airport-to-reopen-in-june-defense-ministry-says\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Laotian Times: Xieng Khouang Airport to Reopen in June, Defense Ministry Says (12 May 2025)<\/a><span>Closure 1 October 2024&ndash;31 May 2025, 550 m runway extension, Russian funding, air force management since 12 June 2020.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/laotiantimes.com\/2022\/02\/07\/attapeu-international-airport-handed-over-to-air-force\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Laotian Times: Attapeu International Airport Handed Over to Air Force (7 February 2022)<\/a><span>Handover ceremony 5 February 2022; airport closed to airlines in 2017.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/laotiantimes.com\/2018\/07\/13\/laos-receives-four-mi17-helicopters\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Laotian Times: Laos Receives Four Mi-17 Helicopters (13 July 2018)<\/a><span>Four Mi-17s overhauled by Russian Helicopters, handed over at Vientiane air base.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/laotiantimes.com\/2024\/11\/20\/military-helicopter-makes-emergency-landing-in-khammouane\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Laotian Times: Military Helicopter Makes Emergency Landing in Khammouane (20 November 2024)<\/a><span>Emergency landing of 14 November 2024; air force statement.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/laotiantimes.com\/2022\/12\/12\/laos-russia-unveil-monument-to-soviet-pilots-downed-in-laos\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Laotian Times: Laos, Russia Unveil Monument to Soviet Pilots Downed in Laos (12 December 2022)<\/a><span>Memorial in Xieng Khouang; about 20,000 Soviet missions and more than 30 dead in 1960&ndash;1973 (as stated at the ceremony).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/laotiantimes.com\/2023\/09\/15\/laos-attends-asean-air-chiefs-conference-hosted-by-myanmar\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Laotian Times: Laos Attends ASEAN Air Chiefs Conference Hosted by Myanmar (15 September 2023)<\/a><span>Brig. Gen. Khamlek Sengphachanh represented the air force on 12 September 2023.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/laotiantimes.com\/2019\/01\/22\/armed-forces-70-years-laos\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Laotian Times: Lao Armed Forces at 70 (22 January 2019)<\/a><span>Yak-130 shown at the 20 January 2019 anniversary celebrations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/laotiantimes.com\/2024\/01\/19\/laos-peoples-army-celebrates-75th-anniversary-grand-celebrations-honor-history-achievements\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Laotian Times: Laos People&rsquo;s Army Celebrates 75th Anniversary (19 January 2024)<\/a><span>Air show over That Luang on 18 January 2024 with the Red Falcon team.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/laotiantimes.com\/2024\/01\/16\/chinese-aerobatic-team-begins-adaptive-flight-training-in-laos\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Laotian Times: Chinese Aerobatic Team Begins Adaptive Flight Training in Laos (16 January 2024)<\/a><span>Red Falcon (JL-8) arrived 13 January 2024; first display outside China.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/laotiantimes.com\/2022\/09\/01\/laos-cambodia-military-chiefs-meet\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Laotian Times: Laos and Cambodia Military Chiefs Meet (1 September 2022)<\/a><span>Khamlieng Outhakaysone as Deputy Minister and Chief of the General Staff (seen in search listing only).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.airandspaceforces.com\/PDF\/MagazineArchive\/Documents\/1999\/June%201999\/0699jars.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Walter J. Boyne, &ldquo;The Plain of Jars&rdquo;, Air Force Magazine, June 1999<\/a><span>Five Raven bases; fewer than 300 Ravens, up to 20 at once, losses up to 30 per cent; Lee Lue up to 10 missions a day and over 5,000 sorties, killed 12 July 1969; 170,000 refugees fed by Air America; Vang Pao evacuated 14 May 1975.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/subscriber\/article\/0,33009,878776,00.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">TIME: &ldquo;Laos: Deeper Into the Other War&rdquo;, 9 March 1970<\/a><span>Contemporary report from inside Long Cheng; troop strengths in Laos.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ravens.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Raven FACs (Edgar Allan Poe Literary Society): home page<\/a><span>Veterans&rsquo; association: 205 Air Force pilots and combat controllers served 1964&ndash;1973; aircraft; bases including 20A.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ravens.org\/history\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Raven FACs: Who are the Ravens<\/a><span>Never more than 22 at a time; about 130 volunteer pilots; about 30 per cent killed; Steve Canyon programme from 1966.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-09-30. Order of Battle pages are regenerated from a single dataset; if a number here disagrees with a Book of Beasts page, this page is the more recent of the two.<\/p>\n<p class=\"verified\">Photographs: Photo: PAT NUGENT \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Dmitry A. Mottl \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: Landolso \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0) &middot; Photo: Gls \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: Master Sgt. Christopher Boitz \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Clemens Vasters from Viersen, Germany \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: FossilDS \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0) &middot; Photo: Marine 69-71 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: happy days photos and art \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Designism \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0) &middot; Photo: US Air Force \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Alf van Beem \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w12-la-t-14.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w12-la-t-16.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph3{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w12-la-t-19.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph4{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w12-la-t-17.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph5{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w12-la-t-18.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph6{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w12-la-t-20.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph7{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/fr2-cessna-l-19-o-1-bird-dog.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph8{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w12-la-t-21.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph9{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w12-la-t-22.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph10{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w12-la-t-23.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph11{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w12-la-t-25.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph12{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w12-la-t-26.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph13{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w12-la-t-27.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph14{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/china-laos-joint-support-training-center-ban-keun-768x461.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph15{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/09\/phou-pha-thi-lima-site-85-dpaa-recovery-2025-768x512.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .cflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/swiss-canton-flags-sprite-v2.png)!important}#mfam .cf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .cf1{background-position:-22px -2px}#mfam .cf2{background-position:-42px -2px}#mfam .cf3{background-position:-62px -2px}#mfam .cf4{background-position:-82px -2px}#mfam .cf5{background-position:-102px -2px}#mfam .cf6{background-position:-122px -2px}#mfam .cf7{background-position:-142px -2px}#mfam .cf8{background-position:-162px -2px}#mfam .cf9{background-position:-182px -2px}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .nflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aircraft-manufacturer-country-flags-v4.png)!important}#mfam .nf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .nf1{background-position:-24px -2px}#mfam .nf2{background-position:-46px -2px}#mfam .nf3{background-position:-68px -2px}#mfam .nf4{background-position:-90px -2px}#mfam .nf5{background-position:-112px -2px}#mfam .nf6{background-position:-134px -2px}#mfam .nf7{background-position:-156px -2px}#mfam .nf8{background-position:-178px -2px}#mfam .nf9{background-position:-200px -2px}#mfam .nf10{background-position:-222px -2px}<\/style>\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/maplibre-gl\/4.7.1\/maplibre-gl.css\"><script src=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/maplibre-gl\/4.7.1\/maplibre-gl.js\"><\/script><div id=\"oob-pins\" hidden data-z=\"H4sIAAAAAAAC\/82Xa2\/bNhSG\/8qBBwQOYNnWzZaTrICTLegWdzXiXFq0\/UBLtMVZElWSsmsM++87lGRJTpzOLQps30yal3N5+J6jD3+1ZJQtW2etDVGKbFudVkJiiuPHfAxjJuCSSArtB0YTxUhCT3ER8wnHRQ+ThzscRWROIxyOfcXWFCdkNschnMQsCLg6B3NoQVwPbx\/fg2n3bLOesjv9fh9i3OtHEvcSX+UHq9aZOeyOPM+2ccgTHPatrjuw9VjwDa798KE1IRymlKcRPRHyc8bPJUzYnAqiGE9gLOLCkWsufAoxYQnMtU9ZwpS8kDGJolf3+BsCKtkyyXdJIIJCwhWk2TxiMqRBF24zKTEE8JpGzOepokJCSJKABrDgmQC+piIkWYTjN8wwhxIUBxVSIHj7Ir+dKMBLoYpmYQla9HsWbcHqmx600R39H9yxmMrTLjyGzA+B40EC1DalhW1S5YbiXThPO4De5gvQIH3LNEQnyJokHWAyd0RvwNV4F0m2INFgtEdQ4mvfLnpFHDDqFwRCQRc\/f2yFSqXyrNeL2XKBmHR9HvfQFV+QhcJJwzNClvY+tl69YVHh8UWPvGp9+oS5YsmqdZZkUdRpLaJt8fPvTsXbFwzA0liFPCPJssbunZ6Gm2K6QV\/lzR59726Ooe8kDogMz58S2B\/2LLeesjqO9xKBo67j9E23ItDumgPP+bEAPrIVS2nACOhQyDp\/QCRgmoEvcpTUhtcnyC7c4dx7sjJMu68TjajqJM+pTzK8oYQvzxhEXCo8Cmx46yuO5iFvlgP4p8YbgkwwDLoSeLr+gXfsp2Mq+JolPj3XkKn87PLmgsiUihiRThSSrK0ryNzh5\/NkwUSsjdv+GAK3xeUaQLSDryO63hl0NIeY0aWhtJs1hBOcw8enXW9PWExgxhTFWI0b8DXAu8K4olfmaOgeoG\/kuE\/JK4GsUNsQ2UDN7A+HXkPsRpbtDK0GbK\/j3D7D8uCaLUNUIeOSxzqds5T6jEQw+5yRQHB8+rd8i2ONZ8VfyZs5GgxPktwQbfl+9P2ISInhR8swuH9woUIYx1Sg80l+8y9wJ\/ifJCni3PnQuiVrmmiN2xAR5HqH+VaCR5EWyfb9rDbgtLZgUFtgf82CKyplQuCtYcIlw\/N\/4csOlJP3KDsdOGRjZZy+uvwL2le\/jSEVPBWMKiK22laEpGmVdWRcdBngcIUYMyo6MGWYwgxfLpqix\/evDdvBJ1DViidQvgS3kb\/sXk1mr3WY3TlJjBXNkprcS3T9Bmd0sBeMRsFBYL9VKZ\/y2pRGr2u7pus0i7PnmPvSWIbzKsQwoybFLGJF5NesEEiZpSkGDVUhqOXHRyERO1rfplRXOlxrjWBGMZxxqV8DXWN3B1SbEcSc+rrwpiziSnZgw8VKryA6vpIFhUZq24iBOyRcYzaTQGJlg\/HOwLFPAhpvu8W6SuMDuqCJVnS8VCr0SBKGBVYB8gGSKshSPF3wbBnq5yCzSJXNxZyqDcUHs1N0n2foLaNoYIgqrRUT9Teg6HaAcYBd7PBF8VTmgSplNWCC+lryyRJ9lyqXVhXqV5ISodDm8U7\/i95hQ8vGJmDSz6WrKb27XB+jnSlZSVrDN9XDqmY36\/R0dlSX2B8+6xLdnm3v1egXu0S3a9q2N6pAdLtDzxw1i\/S4YiHAl++HMQYWX622+lkNxk7QF1jB5a6CFnxi5BubiyJe1uWKtA4mt+JqToQg\/kruVh1oFPLuQCf0ze5d3NKlhk5rBwlQyrWcyGd53O9NvzOFustPaVYncVxMHEzjeHpcGt1vERCnOxzZ\/UGVt2G377iWV+XtmBquuxMjFWS+10tOyqYlnz6giA+TyeWzMn7AIWtkPusd3Z61x6W7x+V+QfdGQ8tqCKQ56HvNr5cDNRp7dcFW+6DuuVMXK\/P7ivj4zhjAHf2ivw8O1M7\/vLwf3cDlPXJCViFVdepn9WSVeGjrRzajCd\/7hpjdHMOA6T6Duu\/0LKuxooMfpS8wMOi67mAwrBhA5t2R4\/wLA3keSklpOFSH16nCOxh8Y\/\/2NL8nP+Gn57nPI2SuVKZfMb8E523vPKG53KGmTXUVRfFp307G18UIjyqL7swPOY9OO3mQSzPLp\/8186r91YdKu1Y4qVtazF9w+r9l8dM\/LxkeM0YRAAA=\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"oob-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"oob-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><div id=\"shr-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"shr-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Order of Battle &middot; Laos Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force &#3713;&#3757;&#3719;&#3735;&#3761;&#3738;&#3757;&#3762;&#3713;&#3762;&#3732;&#3739;&#3760;&#3722;&#3762;&#3722;&#3771;&#3737;&#3749;&#3762;&#3751; The Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force is the small air arm of communist Laos, heir to a Royal Lao Air Force that flew some of the most intense close air support campaigns of the Secret War with American T-28s, and today a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":22996,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-27842","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lao People\u2019s Liberation Army Air Force | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/\u7a7a\u519b\/\u8001\u631d\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u7a7a\u519b\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lao People\u2019s Liberation Army Air Force | MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Order of Battle &middot; Laos Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force &#3713;&#3757;&#3719;&#3735;&#3761;&#3738;&#3757;&#3762;&#3713;&#3762;&#3732;&#3739;&#3760;&#3722;&#3762;&#3722;&#3771;&#3737;&#3749;&#3762;&#3751; The Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force is the small air arm of communist Laos, heir to a Royal Lao Air Force that flew some of the most intense close air support campaigns of the Secret War with American T-28s, and today a [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/\u7a7a\u519b\/\u8001\u631d\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u7a7a\u519b\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-08T12:45:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/migflug-share-1200x630-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@migflug\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"25 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/lao-peoples-liberation-army-air-force\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/lao-peoples-liberation-army-air-force\\\/\",\"name\":\"Lao People\u2019s Liberation Army Air Force | MiGFlug\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-01T07:37:39+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-08T12:45:06+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/lao-peoples-liberation-army-air-force\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/lao-peoples-liberation-army-air-force\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/lao-peoples-liberation-army-air-force\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Startseite\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Air Forces of the World \u2014 Order of Battle\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Lao People\u2019s Liberation Army Air Force\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"MiGFlug\",\"description\":\"Fly a Jet Fighter Yourself\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"MiGFlug GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/logo-migflug-blue.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/logo-migflug-blue.png\",\"width\":200,\"height\":100,\"caption\":\"MiGFlug GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/MiGFlug\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/migflug\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/migflug\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/user\\\/MiGFlug\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/migflug.com\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.ch\\\/migflug\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u8001\u631d\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u7a7a\u519b | MiGFlug","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/\u7a7a\u519b\/\u8001\u631d\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u7a7a\u519b\/","og_locale":"zh_CN","og_type":"article","og_title":"Lao People\u2019s Liberation Army Air Force | MiGFlug","og_description":"Order of Battle &middot; Laos Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force &#3713;&#3757;&#3719;&#3735;&#3761;&#3738;&#3757;&#3762;&#3713;&#3762;&#3732;&#3739;&#3760;&#3722;&#3762;&#3722;&#3771;&#3737;&#3749;&#3762;&#3751; The Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force is the small air arm of communist Laos, heir to a Royal Lao Air Force that flew some of the most intense close air support campaigns of the Secret War with American T-28s, and today a [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/\u7a7a\u519b\/\u8001\u631d\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u7a7a\u519b\/","og_site_name":"MiGFlug","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/","article_modified_time":"2026-10-08T12:45:06+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":630,"url":"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/migflug-share-1200x630-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@migflug","twitter_misc":{"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4":"25 \u5206"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/lao-peoples-liberation-army-air-force\/","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/lao-peoples-liberation-army-air-force\/","name":"\u8001\u631d\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b\u7a7a\u519b | MiGFlug","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-10-01T07:37:39+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-08T12:45:06+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/lao-peoples-liberation-army-air-force\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"zh-Hans","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/lao-peoples-liberation-army-air-force\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/lao-peoples-liberation-army-air-force\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Startseite","item":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Air Forces of the World \u2014 Order of Battle","item":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Lao People\u2019s Liberation Army Air Force"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/","name":"\u7c73\u683c-\u5f17\u62c9\u683c","description":"\u4eb2\u81ea\u9a7e\u9a76\u55b7\u6c14\u5f0f\u6218\u6597\u673a","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"zh-Hans"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#organization","name":"MiGFlug\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/logo-migflug-blue.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/logo-migflug-blue.png","width":200,"height":100,"caption":"MiGFlug GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/","https:\/\/x.com\/migflug","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/migflug\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/MiGFlug","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/migflug.com\/","https:\/\/www.pinterest.ch\/migflug\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27842","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27842"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27842\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32576,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/27842\/revisions\/32576"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22996"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27842"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u53ef\u6e7f\u6027\u7c89\u5242","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}