{"id":29263,"date":"2026-10-02T09:08:28","date_gmt":"2026-10-02T07:08:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/?page_id=29263"},"modified":"2026-10-02T20:27:31","modified_gmt":"2026-10-02T18:27:31","slug":"%e6%88%98%e6%96%97%e8%ae%b0%e5%bd%95","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/air-forces\/south-african-air-force\/combat-record\/","title":{"rendered":"South African Air Force combat record"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>body.page-id-29263 h1.entry-title.main_title{display:none} body.page-id-29263 #main-content .container{padding-top:0} body.page-id-29263 #left-area{padding-bottom:0} body.page-id-29263{overflow-x:hidden} body.page-id-29263 #sidebar{display:none} body.page-id-29263 #left-area{width:100%!important;float:none;padding:0} body.page-id-29263 #main-content .container::before{display:none!important;background:none!important} html{overflow-x:hidden} #mfam{width:100vw;margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);background:#fff;color:#14181f;line-height:1.7;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;overflow:hidden;--bg2:#f6f8fb;--line:#e2e7ee;--txt:#14181f;--txt2:#454e5e;--txt3:#8b94a5;--blue:#5C91FF;--blue-ink:#3568e0;--blue-dim:rgba(92,145,255,.10)} #mfam *{box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:0} #mfam h1,#mfam h2,#mfam h3,#mfam h4,#mfam h5,#mfam b,#mfam strong,#mfam summary,#mfam .stat b,#mfam dt{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal} #mfam dd{font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal} #mfam a{color:var(--blue-ink);text-decoration:none} #mfam .wrap{max-width:1120px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 24px} #mfam section{padding:64px 0} #mfam hr.divider{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:0} #mfam h2{font-size:clamp(26px,3.4vw,36px);letter-spacing:-.5px;margin:0 0 8px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.15} #mfam h3{font-size:20px;margin:36px 0 12px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .sh{font-size:15px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--blue);margin:30px 0 8px;line-height:1.4} #mfam .cols>div:first-child>.sh:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .kicker{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);margin-bottom:14px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam p{color:var(--txt2);font-size:17px;max-width:70ch;margin:0} #mfam p+p{margin-top:1em} #mfam p strong{color:var(--txt)} #mfam .imp{color:#8a93a3;font-weight:400} #mfam .spx-lede{font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d4654;max-width:760px;margin:0 0 28px} #mfam .spx-note{font-size:13px;line-height:1.6;color:#697386;margin-top:18px;max-width:860px} #mfam .hero{position:relative;background:#10141d;padding:96px 0 0;overflow:hidden} #mfam .hero::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;inset:0;background:radial-gradient(ellipse at 20% 10%,rgba(92,145,255,.22),transparent 55%),radial-gradient(ellipse at 90% 90%,rgba(92,145,255,.10),transparent 50%)} #mfam .hero-in{position:relative;width:100%;padding-bottom:52px} #mfam .crumb{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.7);text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:18px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .crumb a{color:rgba(255,255,255,.7)} #mfam .hero h1{font-size:clamp(40px,6.5vw,80px);letter-spacing:-1.5px;line-height:1.04;color:#fff;margin:0} #mfam .hero h1 em{font-style:normal;color:var(--blue)} #mfam .hero .native{font-size:14px;letter-spacing:1px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);margin-top:10px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .hero .sub{font-size:clamp(16px,2vw,20px);color:rgba(255,255,255,.9);margin-top:14px;max-width:56ch} #mfam .statstrip{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:1px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.25);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25);margin-top:36px} #mfam .stat{background:rgba(255,255,255,.95);padding:18px 22px} #mfam .stat b{display:block;font-size:clamp(20px,2.4vw,28px);color:#0d1117;letter-spacing:-.5px} #mfam .stat span{font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .chips{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;padding:26px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .chip{font-size:13.5px;padding:8px 16px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .chip b{color:var(--txt3);margin-right:6px;font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px} #mfam .chip:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .chip.fly{background:var(--blue-dim);border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .cols{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:56px;align-items:start} #mfam .pull{font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;font-style:italic;font-size:24px;line-height:1.5;color:#0d1117;border-left:3px solid var(--blue);padding:6px 0 6px 26px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .pull cite{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:16px} #mfam .specgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:20px;margin-top:36px} #mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;align-items:start} #mfam .spectable{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .spectable h4{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;background:#0d1117;padding:18px 24px;margin:0} #mfam .spectable dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,150px) minmax(0,1fr);margin:0} #mfam .spectable dt,#mfam .spectable dd{padding:12px 20px;font-size:15px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin:0} #mfam .spectable dt{color:#4a5566;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .spectable dd{color:#0d1117;text-align:left;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:break-word;min-width:0} #mfam ul.gl,#mfam #basetbl td>ul{list-style:none!important;margin:2px 0 0!important;padding:0!important;border:0!important} #mfam ul.gl li{position:relative;padding-left:14px!important;line-height:1.55;margin:0!important} #mfam ul.gl li+li{margin-top:3px!important} #mfam .gl.tl li{padding-left:12px} #mfam .gl.tl li::before{width:4px;height:4px;top:.66em} #mfam .gl li::before{content:'';position:absolute;left:0;top:.6em;width:5px;height:5px;background:var(--blue)} #mfam .gnote{display:block;font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:7px} #mfam .spectable dt:nth-of-type(odd),#mfam .spectable dd:nth-of-type(odd){background:var(--bg2)} #mfam table.oobt{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:15px;margin-top:22px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt th{text-align:left;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;background:#0d1117;padding:13px 16px;font-weight:normal;white-space:nowrap;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam table.oobt td{padding:11px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);color:#0d1117;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;line-height:1.5} #mfam table.oobt tr:nth-child(odd) td{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet:not(.ord) td:nth-child(4),#mfam table.oobt.fleet:not(.ord) td:nth-child(5),#mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord td:nth-child(3),#mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord td:nth-child(4),#mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(2),#mfam #nearbytbl td:nth-child(2),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(2),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(5),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(6){text-align:left;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;white-space:nowrap} #mfam table.oobt th{text-align:left!important} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4){font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4)>span{display:block;white-space:nowrap} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4)>span+span{margin-top:7px} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4)>span>span+span{display:block;margin-left:62px;margin-top:1px;color:var(--txt3);font-size:11.5px;line-height:1.35;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4)>span>span:first-child{display:inline-block;min-width:62px} #mfam .cname{white-space:nowrap} #mfam table.oobt.fleet:not(.ord) td:nth-child(3),#mfam table.oobt.fleet:not(.ord) td:nth-child(6),#mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(5),#mfam #nearbytbl td:nth-child(4),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(3),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(4){color:var(--txt3)} #mfam table.oobt td a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam table.oobt td a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam table.oobt.former td{color:var(--txt3)} #mfam table.oobt.former td a{color:var(--txt3)} #mfam table.oobt tr.hot td{background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.mapjump{cursor:pointer} #mfam table.oobt td small{display:block;color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.45} #mfam .tscroll{overflow-x:auto} #mfam .pill{display:inline-block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:3px 9px;border:1px solid #0d1117;color:#0d1117;white-space:nowrap;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .pill.was{border-color:#c3cddb;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .pill.mig{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)}#mfam #basetbl td:first-child>span{display:block;margin-top:4px;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt2)}#mfam #basetbl td>ul{margin:0!important}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li{margin:0 0 6px!important;padding:0!important;font-size:14px;line-height:1.45;color:#0d1117}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li:last-child{margin-bottom:0!important}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li>span:first-child{color:inherit}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li>span+span,#mfam #basetbl td>ul li>span+span a{color:var(--txt2)}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li.was,#mfam #basetbl td>ul li.was a,#mfam #basetbl td>ul li.was>span+span,#mfam #basetbl td>ul li.was>span+span a{color:var(--txt3)}#mfam .migbtn{display:block;width:fit-content;margin-top:8px;max-width:13em;padding:5px 9px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);line-height:1.4;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;text-decoration:none}#mfam .migbtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .fleetchart{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:26px 28px;margin-top:22px} #mfam .frow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:150px 1fr 64px;align-items:center;gap:16px;height:38px} #mfam .fname{font-size:14px;color:#0d1117;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis} #mfam .fbar{display:block;background:#eef1f6;height:16px} #mfam .fbar i{display:block;height:16px;background:#5C91FF} #mfam .fnum{font-size:14px;text-align:right;color:#3d4654;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .mapframe{border:1px solid var(--blue);margin-top:22px;position:relative} #mfam .oobmap{height:560px;width:100%;background:#f4f6f9} #mfam .oobmap.home{height:520px} #mfam .mapsub{font-size:20px;letter-spacing:-.2px;margin:34px 0 4px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.2} #mfam .mapnote{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 4px;line-height:1.55;max-width:62em} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-group,#mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-group button{border-radius:0!important} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-group{box-shadow:none!important;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-group button+button{border-top:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-attrib{font-size:10px;color:var(--txt3);background:rgba(255,255,255,.85)!important;font-family:inherit} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-attrib a{color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-popup-content{border-radius:0;box-shadow:0 6px 22px rgba(13,17,23,.14);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:0;background:#fff} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-popup-anchor-bottom .maplibregl-popup-tip{border-top-color:#fff} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-popup-anchor-top .maplibregl-popup-tip{border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-popup{max-width:300px!important;pointer-events:auto} #mfam .mf-pin{width:14px;height:14px;background:#0d1117;border:2px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #0d1117;transition:transform .15s ease;cursor:pointer} #mfam .mf-pin.was{background:#fff;border:2px solid #8b94a5;box-shadow:none} #mfam .mf-pin.mig{background:#5C91FF;border:2px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #5C91FF;width:16px;height:16px} #mfam .mf-pin.hot,#mfam .mf-pin:hover{transform:scale(1.35)} #mfam .bp{width:270px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.5} #mfam .bp-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:10px;background:#0d1117;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .bp.was .bp-head{background:#8b94a5} #mfam .bp.mig .bp-head{background:#5C91FF} #mfam .bp-name{font-size:16px;padding:12px 14px 2px;line-height:1.25;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .bp-sub{font-size:12px;color:#8b94a5;padding:0 14px 10px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .bp dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;margin:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .bp dt,#mfam .bp dd{margin:0;padding:7px 14px;font-size:12.5px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);line-height:1.45} #mfam .bp dt{color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif} #mfam .bp dt small{display:block;color:#8b94a5;font-size:11px} #mfam .bp dd{text-align:right} #mfam .bp dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .bp dd a.was,#mfam .bp.was dd a{color:#8b94a5} #mfam .bp dt:nth-of-type(odd),#mfam .bp dd:nth-of-type(odd){background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .bp-link{display:block;padding:10px 14px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .bp-link:hover{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .bp-fly{display:block;padding:10px 14px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;background:#5C91FF;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .legend{display:flex;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:11px 14px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:0;background:#fff;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .legend span{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px} #mfam .dot{width:11px;height:11px;display:inline-block;background:#0d1117} #mfam .dot.was{background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #8b94a5} #mfam .dot.mig{background:#5C91FF} #mfam .oob{border:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:22px;background:#fff} #mfam .oob>div{background:#0d1117;color:#fff;padding:12px 18px;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .oob>div a{color:#fff} #mfam .oob>div em{font-style:normal;opacity:.6} #mfam .oob dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;margin:0} #mfam .oob dt,#mfam .oob dd{padding:11px 18px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin:0;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.5} #mfam .oob dt{color:#0d1117} #mfam .oob dt small{display:block;color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .oob dd{color:#0d1117;text-align:left} #mfam .oob dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .oob dt.was,#mfam .oob dd.was,#mfam .oob dd.was a{color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .oob dt:nth-of-type(odd),#mfam .oob dd:nth-of-type(odd){background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .tl{margin-top:40px;position:relative;padding-left:34px} #mfam .tl::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:8px;top:6px;bottom:6px;width:2px;background:var(--line)} #mfam .tl-item{position:relative;padding-bottom:34px} #mfam .tl-item::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:-32px;top:7px;width:14px;height:14px;background:#fff;border:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tl-item .yr{font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-ink);letter-spacing:1.5px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .tl-item p{font-size:15.5px;margin-top:4px} #mfam .qa{margin-top:30px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px} #mfam .qa details{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .qa details[open]{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qa summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;padding:22px 26px;font-size:18px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .qa summary::after{content:\"+\";font-size:24px;color:var(--blue-ink);flex:none;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qa details[open] summary::after{content:\"\\2013\"} #mfam summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 26px 24px;font-size:16px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:78ch} #mfam .ad{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 40px} #mfam .ad .adin{max-width:900px;margin:0 auto;text-align:center} #mfam .ad .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ad h2{margin-bottom:12px;color:#fff} #mfam .ad .adp{margin:0 auto 26px;color:#9aa3b8} #mfam .ad .btn{display:inline-block;background:var(--blue);color:#fff;padding:14px 26px;font-size:14px;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .ad .btn:hover{background:#fff;color:#0d1117} #mfam .relgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:34px} #mfam .rel{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:26px;box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(13,17,23,.05)} #mfam .rel:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .rel .rk{display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .rel .rh{display:block;font-size:20px;margin:8px 0 6px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .rel .rp{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .rel .go{display:block;margin-top:14px;font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .relgrid>p,#mfam .track>p{display:contents} #mfam .srclist{margin-top:26px;columns:2;column-gap:48px;list-style:none;font-size:15px;padding:0} #mfam .srclist li{margin-bottom:10px;break-inside:avoid;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .srclist li span{color:var(--txt3);font-size:13.5px;display:block} #mfam .verified{font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:18px} #mfam{--red:#d8232a;--green:#1f9d63;--amber:#c9821a} #mfam .hero.photo{padding:0;background:#0b0f16} #mfam .heroimg{position:absolute;inset:0;background-size:cover;background-position:center 45%;z-index:0} #mfam .hero.photo::before{z-index:1;background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(8,11,17,.80) 0%,rgba(8,11,17,.42) 40%,rgba(8,11,17,.90) 100%),linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(8,11,17,.72),rgba(8,11,17,.06) 62%)} #mfam .hero.photo .hero-in{padding-top:92px;padding-bottom:56px;z-index:2} #mfam .hero .accent{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;height:4px;z-index:4;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--red) 0 22%,var(--blue) 22% 100%)} #mfam .photocred{position:absolute;right:16px;bottom:14px;z-index:3;font-size:10.5px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.48);letter-spacing:.3px;max-width:52ch;text-align:right;line-height:1.4} #mfam .marks{display:flex;gap:30px;align-items:center;margin-top:32px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mark{display:flex;gap:13px;align-items:center} #mfam .rondel,#mfam .finflash{display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .rondel{width:58px;height:58px} #mfam .finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam .pq{margin:0;max-width:900px} #mfam .pq blockquote{margin:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-size:clamp(21px,2.6vw,28px);line-height:1.42;color:#fff;letter-spacing:-.2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:before{content:'\\201C';color:var(--blue);margin-right:2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:after{content:'\\201D';color:var(--blue);margin-left:2px} #mfam .pq figcaption{margin-top:20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6} #mfam .pq figcaption b{color:#fff;font-size:14px} #mfam .pq figcaption span{display:block;color:#7c8697;font-size:13px} #mfam .pq figcaption a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .pqrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:40px;max-width:1120px} #mfam .pqrow .pq blockquote{font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,21px)} #mfam .galgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .galgrid figure{margin:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .galgrid .gim{display:block;height:210px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .galgrid figcaption{padding:14px 16px 16px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .galgrid figcaption b{display:block;color:#0d1117;font-size:14.5px;margin-bottom:4px} #mfam .galgrid figcaption span{display:block;margin-top:7px;font-size:11.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.5} #mfam .galgrid figure.wide{grid-column:span 2} #mfam .galgrid figure.wide .gim{height:300px} #mfam .vidwrap{max-width:900px;margin-top:8px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#0d1117} #mfam .vidfr{position:relative;width:100%;padding-top:56.25%;height:0;display:block} #mfam .vidfr iframe{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;display:block} #mfam .vidcap{padding:16px 20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6;background:#0d1117} #mfam .vidcap b{display:block;color:#fff;font-size:15px;margin-bottom:4px} #mfam .vidcap a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .reads{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .read{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:22px 22px 24px} #mfam .read:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .read .rk{display:block;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);margin-bottom:9px} #mfam .read .rh{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;color:#0d1117} #mfam .read:hover .rh{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .read .rp{display:block;font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);line-height:1.6;margin-top:9px} #mfam .read .go{display:block;margin-top:14px;font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .galgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .reads{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .galgrid,#mfam .reads,#mfam .pqrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .galgrid figure.wide{grid-column:auto}#mfam .galgrid figure.wide .gim{height:210px}} #mfam .kfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .kf{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;padding:24px 24px 26px} #mfam .kf .kfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .kf h3{font-size:19px;line-height:1.25;margin:8px 0 10px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .kf p{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .kf .kff{display:block;margin-top:12px;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:14px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .deep{margin-top:8px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .deep details{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .deep summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;padding:22px 0;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:baseline;font-size:20px;line-height:1.3;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .deep summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .deep summary .dn{flex:0 0 34px;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.4px;color:var(--blue)} #mfam .deep summary .dx{margin-left:auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.2px;color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .deep details[open] summary .dx{visibility:hidden} #mfam .deep .dbody{padding:0 0 26px 54px;max-width:860px} #mfam .deep .dbody p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.68;margin-bottom:16px} #mfam .inc{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .inc article{border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--blue);background:#fff;padding:22px 24px 24px} #mfam .inc .incd{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.5px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .inc h3{font-size:18px;line-height:1.3;margin:7px 0 9px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .inc p{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .inc .incs{display:block;margin-top:11px;font-size:13px} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .kfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .kfgrid,#mfam .inc{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .deep .dbody{padding-left:0}#mfam .deep summary{font-size:18px}} #mfam .satfig{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#eef1f6;overflow:hidden;line-height:0} #mfam .satimg{display:block;width:100%;height:520px;background-position:center;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat} #mfam .satfig{cursor:zoom-in;position:relative}#mfam .satzoom{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:2;background:rgba(8,11,17,.72);color:#fff;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:9px 14px;line-height:1}#mfam .satlb{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:99999;background:rgba(6,9,14,.95);display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;cursor:zoom-out;padding:24px}#mfam .satlb.on{display:flex}#mfam .satbig{width:96vw;height:90vh;background-position:center;background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat}#mfam .satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/south-african-air-force\/\">South African Air Force<\/a><\/div>\n<h1>Every war the South African Air Force has fought<\/h1>\n<p class=\"sub\">The air force was used at home and in the mandated territory as well as abroad: against armed strikers on the Rand in 1922 and against the Bondelswarts the same year, when Wikipedia gives about 100 Bondelswarts killed, women and children among them, and the unofficial SAAF history records none. South Africa calls Cassinga a SWAPO base, while SWAPO and Angola call it a refugee camp and give 624 dead; the Truth and Reconciliation Commission found in 1998 that it was a military facility from the SADF&rsquo;s perspective but could not establish the civilian toll. Over Cuito Cuanavale Fidel Castro claimed an overwhelming victory, South Africa says it stopped FAPLA&rsquo;s offensive and most historians cited by Wikipedia call it a stalemate; air losses there are given with the side that claims them. Rwanda&rsquo;s role in the M23 offensive of 2025 is described by UN experts and denied by Rwanda, and is not assessed here. Where a consolidated sortie or loss figure exists in the official record it is given here; where accounts disagree, the range is shown and the disagreement named. Blank cells are blank because no figure could be verified, not because the fighting was small.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">From German South West Africa in 1915 to the SADC mission in the DRC in 2025.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"warfind\" data-filter=\"#combattbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr.crow\" data-noun=\"conflicts\" placeholder=\"Search conflicts, countries, aircraft, years\" aria-label=\"Search conflicts, countries, aircraft, years\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"warfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"warfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt cbt\" id=\"combattbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Conflict<\/th>\n<th>Years<\/th>\n<th>Against<\/th>\n<th>Main aircraft<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Sorties<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Aircraft lost<\/th>\n<th><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd0\" data-x=\"German South West Africa (now Namibia) South African Aviation Corps Alongside United Kingdom\">\n<td>German South West Africa campaign<span class=\"cwho\">the Aviation Corps&rsquo; first war<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">South African Aviation Corps<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1915<\/td>\n<td>Germany<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd0\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd0\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Reconnaissance for the Union forces.<\/p>\n<p>South Africa&rsquo;s first military pilots trained at Alexandersfontein near Kimberley and qualified in April 1914. The South African Aviation Corps was formed in early 1915 and began operations in German South West Africa on 6 May 1915, scouting for the Union&rsquo;s columns. When the campaign ended the corps ceased separate operations and its airmen went on to the Royal Flying Corps; the corps was formally disbanded in 1921.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> German forces in South West Africa surrendered in July 1915; the corps ceased separate operations.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The unofficial SAAF history dates the corps to 5 February 1915; Wikipedia gives 29 January 1915. Aircraft types were not confirmed in the sources checked.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>South African Aviation Corps<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>German South West Africa (now Namibia)<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United Kingdom<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not recorded in the sources checked.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not recorded in the sources checked.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.saairforce.co.za\/the-airforce\/history\/saaf\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">saairforce.co.za<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_African_Air_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd1\" data-x=\"German East Africa and the Western Front South African airmen in the Royal Flying Corps Alongside United Kingdom\">\n<td>First World War with the Royal Flying Corps<span class=\"cwho\">26 Squadron RFC in East Africa<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">South African airmen in the Royal Flying Corps<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1916&ndash;1918<\/td>\n<td>Germany<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd1\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd1\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">26 Squadron RFC, formed from South African pilots, flew reconnaissance in East Africa; others served in RFC units in Europe.<\/p>\n<p>26 Squadron RFC, a South African unit, deployed to Kenya in January 1916 for the campaign against German East Africa. Many more South Africans flew in Europe; Wikipedia counts about 3,000 in the Royal Flying Corps, of whom 46 became aces. The best known, Andrew Beauchamp-Proctor, won the Victoria Cross. In 1917 a committee chaired by Jan Smuts recommended the creation of an independent air force.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> 26 Squadron disbanded in July 1918.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The casualty figure and ace count come from Wikipedia&rsquo;s citation of Shores, Franks and Guest and were not checked against the original.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>South African airmen in the Royal Flying Corps<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>German East Africa and the Western Front<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United Kingdom<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not recorded.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>260 killed<span class=\"cwho\">About 260 of some 3,000 South Africans in the RFC died, according to Wikipedia (citing Shores); 46 became aces.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.saairforce.co.za\/the-airforce\/history\/saaf\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">saairforce.co.za<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_African_Air_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd2\" data-x=\"Witwatersrand South African Air Force No allied air arm\">\n<td>Rand Revolt<span class=\"cwho\">the 1922 miners&rsquo; strike<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">South African Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1922<\/td>\n<td>Armed strikers on the Witwatersrand<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd2\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd2\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Reconnaissance, bombing and strafing in support of the government against armed strikers.<\/p>\n<p>Two years after it was founded, the SAAF went into action against white South African mine workers whose strike had turned into armed revolt on the Witwatersrand. Between 10 and 15 March 1922, 1 Squadron flew 127 hours and lost two aircraft. The unofficial SAAF history records that an observer was killed and that a pilot shot a striker in self-defence. It was the first time the new air force was used inside South Africa.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The revolt was put down by the government.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>South African Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Witwatersrand<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>No allied air arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Armed strikers on the Witwatersrand<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">127 flying hours between 10 and 15 March 1922.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>2 aircraft<span class=\"cwho\">Two aircraft lost; an observer was killed, according to the unofficial SAAF history.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.saairforce.co.za\/the-airforce\/history\/saaf\/between-the-wars\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">saairforce.co.za<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd3\" data-x=\"South West Africa (mandated territory, now Namibia) South African Air Force No allied air arm DH.9\">\n<td>Bondelswarts Rebellion<span class=\"cwho\">South West Africa<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">South African Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1922<\/td>\n<td>Bondelswarts (Nama)<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/airco-dh-9\/\">DH.9<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd3\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd3\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd3\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Bombing, strafing, reconnaissance and supply for the mandate administration.<\/p>\n<p>When the Bondelswarts, a Nama community in the south of the mandated territory, resisted arrests in May 1922, the Administrator, Gysbert Hofmeyr, asked for aircraft. Jan Smuts sent Pierre van Ryneveld with two DH.9s, which arrived on 26 May and on 29&ndash;30 May bombed and strafed Guruchas. About 100 Bondelswarts died, women and children among them. Van Ryneveld later wrote: &ldquo;it was easy for us floating above the operation dropping our bombs.&rdquo; The Permanent Mandates Commission held an unprecedented inquiry, and the Haitian delegate Dantes Bellegarde condemned the killing of women and children &ldquo;in the name of the League of Nations&rdquo;. The SAAF also flew against the Rehoboth rising in 1925.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The Bondelswarts surrendered on 7 June 1922; the League of Nations&rsquo; Permanent Mandates Commission opened an inquiry.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The unofficial SAAF history records no casualties for this operation; Wikipedia gives about 100 Bondelswarts killed. The quotations are as given by Wikipedia.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>South African Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>South West Africa (mandated territory, now Namibia)<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>No allied air arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Bondelswarts (Nama)<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/airco-dh-9\/\">DH.9<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not recorded.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Government forces lost two killed (Wikipedia). About 100 Bondelswarts were killed, including women and children, and 468 wounded or captured.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bondelswarts_Rebellion\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.saairforce.co.za\/the-airforce\/history\/saaf\/between-the-wars\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">saairforce.co.za<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd4\" data-x=\"Kenya, Italian East Africa South African Air Force Alongside United Kingdom Ju 86\">\n<td>East African campaign<span class=\"cwho\">Abyssinia, Eritrea and Italian Somaliland<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">South African Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1940&ndash;1941<\/td>\n<td>Italy<\/td>\n<td>Ju 86<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd4\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd4\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd4\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Bombing, fighter and army co-operation operations against Italian forces.<\/p>\n<p>The SAAF&rsquo;s first raid of the war was flown by converted Ju 86s of 12 Squadron against Italian positions at Moyale in June 1940. By December 1940 Wikipedia counts ten SAAF squadrons and a flight, with 94 aircraft, in East Africa. 2 Squadron, later the Flying Cheetahs, claimed eight Italian aircraft in the campaign. The SAAF&rsquo;s own history credits it with a large part in the conquest of Italy&rsquo;s African empire.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Italian East Africa fell in 1941.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The date of the first raid differs: 11 June 1940 (Wikipedia&rsquo;s WWII article) or 16 June 1940 (its 12 Squadron article). Other aircraft types used in the campaign were not itemised in the sources checked.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>South African Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Kenya, Italian East Africa<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United Kingdom<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Italy<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Ju 86<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Ten squadrons and 34 Flight with 94 aircraft by December 1940 (Wikipedia, citing Becker).<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not totalled in the sources checked.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/12_Squadron_SAAF\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_African_Air_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2_Squadron_SAAF\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.saairforce.co.za\/the-airforce\/history\/saaf\/world-war-two-arrives\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">saairforce.co.za<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd5\" data-x=\"Egypt, Libya and Tunisia South African Air Force Alongside United Kingdom and United States\">\n<td>Western Desert campaign<span class=\"cwho\">North Africa<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">South African Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1941&ndash;1943<\/td>\n<td>Germany and Italy<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>33,991<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd5\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd5\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd5\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Fighter, fighter-bomber, bomber and reconnaissance squadrons with the Desert Air Force.<\/p>\n<p>The desert made the SAAF&rsquo;s wartime reputation. Wikipedia records eleven SAAF squadrons flying 33,991 sorties and claiming 342 enemy aircraft destroyed between 1941 and 1943; the unofficial SAAF history puts peak South African air force strength in North Africa at 8,976 people. 1, 12, 21 and 24 Squadrons went on to support the invasion of Sicily from Malta.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Axis forces in North Africa surrendered in May 1943.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The 342 aircraft are SAAF claims as reported by Wikipedia. Aircraft types by squadron were not itemised in the sources checked.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>South African Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Egypt, Libya and Tunisia<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United Kingdom and United States<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany and Italy<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>33,991<span class=\"cwho\">33,991 sorties by eleven squadrons (Wikipedia).<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not totalled in the sources checked.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_African_Air_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.saairforce.co.za\/the-airforce\/history\/saaf\/world-war-two-arrives\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">saairforce.co.za<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd6\" data-x=\"Madagascar South African Air Force Alongside United Kingdom Maryland Beaufort\">\n<td>Madagascar campaign<span class=\"cwho\">Operation Ironclad<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">South African Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1942<\/td>\n<td>Vichy France<\/td>\n<td>Maryland, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bristol-beaufort\/\">Beaufort<\/a><\/td>\n<td>401<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd6\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd6\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd6\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Reconnaissance, photography and ground support against Vichy French forces.<\/p>\n<p>Two SAAF flights with Marylands and Beauforts flew reconnaissance and photographic sorties before the British landings and supported the ground campaign afterwards. Wikipedia counts 401 SAAF sorties between May and November 1942.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Vichy forces on Madagascar surrendered in November 1942.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>South African Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Madagascar<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United Kingdom<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Vichy France<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Maryland, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bristol-beaufort\/\">Beaufort<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>401<span class=\"cwho\">401 sorties, May&ndash;November 1942 (Wikipedia).<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not recorded in the sources checked.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.saairforce.co.za\/the-airforce\/history\/saaf\/world-war-two-arrives\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">saairforce.co.za<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_African_Air_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd7\" data-x=\"Sicily, Italy, the Balkans, Romania and Poland South African Air Force Alongside United Kingdom, United States and Poland Liberator\">\n<td>Italy, the Balkans and the Warsaw airlift<span class=\"cwho\">Mediterranean theatre<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">South African Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1943&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td>Germany<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-24-liberator\/\">Liberator<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd7\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd7\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd7\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Fighter, bomber and heavy-bomber squadrons, including supply drops to the Warsaw Uprising.<\/p>\n<p>Eight SAAF squadrons fought in the Italian campaign, according to Wikipedia, and SAAF bombers reached the Balkans and the Romanian oilfields at Ploie&#537;ti. The best remembered episode is Warsaw. When the Polish Home Army rose in August 1944, the Liberators of 31 and 34 Squadrons, part of 2 Wing SAAF under 205 Group RAF, flew the long route from Celone and Brindisi to drop supplies, 181 sorties in August and September. In 1992 Poland awarded the Warsaw Uprising Cross to 67 veterans of the two squadrons.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> War in Europe ended in May 1945.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">SAAF-only losses over Warsaw were not confirmed in the sources checked.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>South African Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Sicily, Italy, the Balkans, Romania and Poland<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United Kingdom, United States and Poland<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-24-liberator\/\">Liberator<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">31 and 34 Squadrons flew 181 Warsaw supply sorties in August&ndash;September 1944.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">The Warsaw airlift cost 41 aircraft across all participating air forces (Wikipedia); SAAF losses alone were not confirmed.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.saairforce.co.za\/the-airforce\/history\/saaf\/world-war-two-arrives\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">saairforce.co.za<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warsaw_airlift\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_African_Air_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd8\" data-x=\"Germany South African Air Force Alongside United Kingdom and United States Dakota\">\n<td>Berlin Airlift<span class=\"cwho\">Operation Plainfare<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">South African Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1948&ndash;1949<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Dakota<\/td>\n<td>1,240<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd8\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd8\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd8\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Twenty SAAF aircrews flew RAF Dakotas into Berlin.<\/p>\n<p>Not a combat operation, but the SAAF&rsquo;s first international deployment after the war. Twenty aircrews flew RAF Dakotas on 1,240 missions and delivered 4,133 tons of supplies to West Berlin.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The Soviet blockade was lifted in May 1949.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>South African Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United Kingdom and United States<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Dakota<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>1,240<span class=\"cwho\">1,240 missions with 4,133 tons of supplies.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">No losses recorded in the sources checked.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.saairforce.co.za\/the-airforce\/history\/saaf\/the-post-war-years\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">saairforce.co.za<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_African_Air_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd9\" data-x=\"Korea South African Air Force (2 Squadron) Alongside United Nations Command and United States F-51D Mustang F-86F Sabre\">\n<td>Korean War<span class=\"cwho\">2 Squadron, the Flying Cheetahs<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">South African Air Force (2 Squadron)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1950&ndash;1953<\/td>\n<td>North Korea and China<\/td>\n<td>F-51D Mustang, F-86F Sabre<\/td>\n<td>12,405<\/td>\n<td>78<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd9\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd9\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd9\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Fighter-bomber squadron with the USAF&rsquo;s 18th Fighter-Bomber Wing: interdiction and close air support.<\/p>\n<p>South Africa sent one squadron and kept it there for the whole war. 2 Squadron sailed for Japan on 25 September 1950 with 50 officers and 157 other ranks, flew its first mission from K-9 and K-24 at Pyongyang on 19 November 1950, and spent most of the war on ground attack in F-51D Mustangs. It was dangerous work in a piston fighter: 74 of the 95 Mustangs were lost. In January 1953 the squadron converted to F-86F Sabres and flew its first jet mission on 16 March 1953. Among the eight pilots captured was Denis Earp, later Chief of the Air Force. The squadron received the US and Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citations.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The armistice was signed on 27 July 1953.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Sources differ: 34 pilots killed (unofficial SAAF history, Wikipedia main article) or 33 (Wikipedia&rsquo;s 2 Squadron article); 95 or 94 Mustangs; 12,405 or 12,067 sorties; sailing on 25 or 26 September 1950.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>South African Air Force (2 Squadron)<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Korea<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United Nations Command and United States<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>North Korea and China<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>F-51D Mustang, F-86F Sabre<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>12,405<span class=\"cwho\">10,373 Mustang and 2,032 Sabre sorties (unofficial SAAF history); Wikipedia&rsquo;s squadron article gives 12,067.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>78 aircraft &middot; 34 killed<span class=\"cwho\">74 of 95 Mustangs and four of 22 Sabres lost; 34 pilots killed and eight taken prisoner (unofficial SAAF history). In the Mustang phase 12 were killed in action, 30 missing and four wounded.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.saairforce.co.za\/the-airforce\/history\/saaf\/korea\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">saairforce.co.za<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2_Squadron_SAAF\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_African_Air_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd10\" data-x=\"Namibia (South West Africa) and southern Angola South African Air Force Alongside UNITA Mirage F1CZ\/F1AZ Mirage III Buccaneer Canberra Impala Alouette III Puma Super Frelon C-130 C-160 Bosbok Kudu\">\n<td>South African Border War<span class=\"cwho\">Namibia and Angola, including Cassinga and Cuito Cuanavale<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">South African Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1966&ndash;1989<\/td>\n<td>SWAPO (PLAN), Angola (FAPLA) and Cuba<\/td>\n<td>Mirage F1CZ\/F1AZ, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mirage-iii\/\">Mirage III<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/blackburn-buccaneer\/\">Buccaneer<\/a><span class=\"cwho\">and 9 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd10\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd10\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd10\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Close air support, interdiction, air defence, troop lift and casualty evacuation for the SADF against SWAPO&rsquo;s PLAN, Angola&rsquo;s FAPLA and Cuban forces.<\/p>\n<p>The war is dated from a police clash with SWAPO at Omugulugwombashe on 26 August 1966. For years it was a helicopter and light-aircraft war; the jets first fought at Cassinga on 4 May 1978, when, according to Wikipedia, four Canberras, five Buccaneers and four Mirage IIIs attacked before C-130s and Transalls dropped paratroops and Pumas and Super Frelons lifted them out. South Africa calls Cassinga a SWAPO headquarters; SWAPO and Angola call it a refugee camp and give 624 dead; the TRC found in 1998 that it was a military facility from the SADF&rsquo;s perspective but could not establish the civilian toll. Operation Savannah in 1975&ndash;76 had already taken South African columns deep into Angola. Major Johan Rankin shot down two MiG-21s, on 6 November 1981 and 5 October 1982, the only MiG-21s downed in the war per the SAAF history; in September 1985 Impalas destroyed six Angolan helicopters. Over Cuito Cuanavale (14 August 1987&ndash;23 March 1988) Cuban-flown MiG-23s and Soviet air defences challenged the ageing, embargo-bound SAAF: an F1CZ damaged by a MiG-23 missile crash-landed at Rundu on 27 September 1987, and an F1AZ was lost to an SA-13 with its pilot. Cuban MiG-23s bombed Calueque on 27 June 1988. Fidel Castro called Cuito an overwhelming victory; South Africa says it stopped FAPLA&rsquo;s offensive on Mavinga; most historians cited by Wikipedia call it a stalemate.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The last South African troops left the Cuito Cuanavale area by 30 August 1988 and the SAAF withdrew from Namibia in 1989, according to the unofficial SAAF history.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Air losses at Cuito Cuanavale are contested: South African sources acknowledge two Mirage F1s and a Bosbok; Cuban and Angolan claims are higher, and South African claims of Angolan and Cuban aircraft destroyed are disputed. All Cassinga casualty figures are those of the parties.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>South African Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Namibia (South West Africa) and southern Angola<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>UNITA<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>SWAPO (PLAN), Angola (FAPLA) and Cuba<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Mirage F1CZ\/F1AZ, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mirage-iii\/\">Mirage III<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/blackburn-buccaneer\/\">Buccaneer<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/english-electric-canberra\/\">Canberra<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/aermacchi-mb-326\/\">Impala<\/a>, Alouette III, Puma, Super Frelon, C-130, C-160, Bosbok, Kudu<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not totalled in the sources checked.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>22 aircraft<span class=\"cwho\">22 aircraft lost to enemy action and 11 to error or malfunction, 1974&ndash;1989 (Wikipedia, citing Dick Lord). At Cassinga the SADF reported 3 killed; SWAPO reported 624 dead there.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/www.saairforce.co.za\/the-airforce\/history\/saaf\/the-border-war\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">saairforce.co.za<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Cassinga\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Cuito_Cuanavale\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_African_Air_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atlas_Cheetah\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd11\" data-x=\"North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo South African Air Force (16 Squadron and Oryx detachment) Alongside United Nations (MONUSCO) Rooivalk Oryx\">\n<td>UN Force Intervention Brigade, eastern DRC<span class=\"cwho\">MONUSCO<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">South African Air Force (16 Squadron and Oryx detachment)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2013&ndash;2024<\/td>\n<td>M23<\/td>\n<td>Rooivalk, Oryx<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd11\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd11\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd11\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Rooivalk attack helicopters and Oryx transports with MONUSCO&rsquo;s Force Intervention Brigade.<\/p>\n<p>Three Rooivalks deployed to Goma in October 2013 and flew their first combat mission on 4 November 2013 against M23 positions near the Rwandan border, destroying a 14.5 mm gun position and an ammunition bunker. The defence minister, Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula, said &ldquo;M23 had to retreat because of the Rooivalk&rdquo;. Over the following years they fired thousands of rockets and 20 mm rounds. From August 2022 they were grounded for want of support funding; in December 2024 the three airframes were flown home in a chartered Il-76, in what defenceWeb described as very poor condition.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> M23 was defeated in November 2013; the Rooivalks last flew in August 2022 and came home in December 2024.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>South African Air Force (16 Squadron and Oryx detachment)<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United Nations (MONUSCO)<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>M23<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Rooivalk, Oryx<\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">No Rooivalk loss recorded. defenceWeb reports several incidents in which unescorted Oryx were hit by small-arms fire, with fatalities, which some have linked to the Rooivalks being grounded.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/aerospace\/aerospace-aerospace\/saaf-rooivalks-return-from-the-drc\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_African_Air_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd12\" data-x=\"Cabo Delgado, Mozambique SANDF, including SAAF elements Alongside SADC and Mozambique\">\n<td>SADC Mission in Mozambique<span class=\"cwho\">Cabo Delgado<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">SANDF, including SAAF elements<\/span><\/td>\n<td>from 2021<\/td>\n<td>Insurgents in Cabo Delgado<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd12\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd12\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd12\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Air transport and helicopter support for the SADC force against the Islamic State-linked insurgency.<\/p>\n<p>South Africa contributed an approved force of 1,495 to the SADC mission, which began on 15 July 2021, including air force elements. defenceWeb reported in February 2024 that troops in Mozambique and the DRC were at risk because the attack-helicopter support contract had lapsed. Corporal Tebogo Radebe of the Special Forces was killed on 20 December 2021.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The end date of the SADC mission was not confirmed in the sources checked.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Aircraft types deployed and the mission&rsquo;s end date were not confirmed in the sources checked.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>SANDF, including SAAF elements<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Cabo Delgado, Mozambique<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>SADC and Mozambique<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Insurgents in Cabo Delgado<\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SADC_Mission_in_Mozambique\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/aerospace\/aerospace-aerospace\/saaf-rooivalks-return-from-the-drc\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd13\" data-x=\"North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo SANDF, including SAAF Oryx Alongside SADC and DR Congo Oryx\">\n<td>SADC Mission in the DRC<span class=\"cwho\">SAMIDRC<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">SANDF, including SAAF Oryx<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2023&ndash;2025<\/td>\n<td>M23\/AFC<\/td>\n<td>Oryx<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd13\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd13\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd13\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Oryx helicopters supported the SADC force.<\/p>\n<p>The SADC mission began on 15 December 2023 with up to 2,900 South African troops. The air force could support it only thinly: defenceWeb reported in April 2025 that one of three deployed Oryx was serviceable, and the Rooivalks that might have escorted them had not flown since 2022. When M23\/AFC took Goma in January 2025, South African units were caught in the fighting; ten soldiers died. SADC heads of state ended the mandate on 13 March 2025.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> SADC ended the mandate on 13 March 2025; withdrawal began on 29 April 2025.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Rwanda&rsquo;s role in the M23 offensive is described by UN experts and denied by Rwanda; it is not assessed here.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>SANDF, including SAAF Oryx<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>SADC and DR Congo<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>M23\/AFC<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Oryx<\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Ten South African soldiers were killed at Goma on 25&ndash;28 January 2025 (Wikipedia). In early 2025 one of three deployed Oryx was reported available.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SADC_Mission_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_Congo\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/aerospace\/aerospace-aerospace\/saaf-urgently-seeking-spares-for-four-types-in-its-fleet\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/aerospace\/aerospace-aerospace\/saaf-rooivalks-return-from-the-drc\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"warfind\">Nothing matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every figure, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.saairforce.co.za\/the-airforce\/history\/saaf\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">saairforce.co.za: history of the SAAF (Aviation Corps)<\/a><span>Six officers qualified at Alexandersfontein in April 1914; South African Aviation Corps formed 5 February 1915, operations in German South West Africa from 6 May 1915; 26 Squadron RFC; Beauchamp-Proctor VC.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.saairforce.co.za\/the-airforce\/history\/saaf\/between-the-wars\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">saairforce.co.za: between the wars<\/a><span>Rand Revolt 10&ndash;15 March 1922 (127 hours, two aircraft lost); Bondelswarts 1922; Rehoboth 1925; local Wapiti, Hartbees and Tutor production; Waterkloof opened 1 August 1938.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.saairforce.co.za\/the-airforce\/history\/saaf\/world-war-two-arrives\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">saairforce.co.za: World War Two<\/a><span>Strength in September 1939; Madagascar; Sicily; 181 Warsaw supply sorties by 31 and 34 Squadrons; 44,417 personnel at the end of 1944; 33,347 aircrew trained by 1945.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.saairforce.co.za\/the-airforce\/history\/saaf\/the-post-war-years\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">saairforce.co.za: the post-war years<\/a><span>Berlin Airlift: 20 aircrews, 4,133 tons in 1,240 missions; grey-blue uniform July 1949; springbok roundel November 1950.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.saairforce.co.za\/the-airforce\/history\/saaf\/korea\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">saairforce.co.za: Korea<\/a><span>2 Squadron sailed 25 September 1950; first mission 19 November 1950; 10,373 Mustang sorties, 74 of 95 lost; 2,032 Sabre sorties, 4 of 22 lost; 34 pilots killed, 8 prisoners.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.saairforce.co.za\/the-airforce\/history\/saaf\/the-border-war\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">saairforce.co.za: the Border War<\/a><span>26 August 1966 start; Savannah; Cassinga 4 May 1978; Rankin&rsquo;s MiG-21 kills 6 November 1981 and 5 October 1982; Impalas destroyed six helicopters in September 1985; withdrawal 1988&ndash;1989.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/aerospace\/aerospace-aerospace\/saaf-urgently-seeking-spares-for-four-types-in-its-fleet\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb: SAAF urgently seeking spares for four types in its fleet (3 April 2025)<\/a><span>Requests for information for C-212, Gripen, Oryx and C-130BZ spares; about 6,800 of 12,000 budgeted hours flown.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/aerospace\/aerospace-aerospace\/saaf-rooivalks-return-from-the-drc\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb: SAAF Rooivalks return from the DRC (2 December 2024)<\/a><span>Guy Martin. Deployed October 2013 with the Force Intervention Brigade; first combat 4 November 2013 against M23; last flight August 2022; three airframes flown home 27 November&ndash;2 December 2024.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-10-01. <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/south-african-air-force\/\">Back to the South African Air Force<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .nflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aircraft-manufacturer-country-flags-v4.png)!important}#mfam .nf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .nf1{background-position:-24px -2px}#mfam .nf2{background-position:-46px -2px}#mfam .nf3{background-position:-68px -2px}#mfam .nf4{background-position:-90px -2px}#mfam .nf5{background-position:-112px -2px}#mfam .nf6{background-position:-134px -2px}#mfam .nf7{background-position:-156px -2px}#mfam .nf8{background-position:-178px -2px}#mfam .nf9{background-position:-200px -2px}#mfam .nf10{background-position:-222px -2px}<\/style>\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/maplibre-gl\/4.7.1\/maplibre-gl.css\"><script src=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/maplibre-gl\/4.7.1\/maplibre-gl.js\"><\/script><div id=\"cmb-data\" data-js=\"KGZ1bmN0aW9uKCl7IGlmKCFkb2N1bWVudC5nZXRFbGVtZW50QnlJZCgnbWZhbScpKXJldHVybjsgZnVuY3Rpb24gbnoocyl7cmV0dXJuIChzfHwnJykudG9Mb3dlckNhc2UoKS5yZXBsYWNlKC9bXHUyMDE5J10vZywiJyIpLnJlcGxhY2UoL1xzKy9nLCcgJyk7fSBmdW5jdGlvbiBidWlsZChpbnApeyB2YXIgdGd0PWRvY3VtZW50LnF1ZXJ5U2VsZWN0b3IoaW5wLmdldEF0dHJpYnV0ZSgnZGF0YS1maWx0ZXInKSk7aWYoIXRndClyZXR1cm47IHZhciBzZWw9aW5wLmdldEF0dHJpYnV0ZSgnZGF0YS1pdGVtJyksbm91bj1pbnAuZ2V0QXR0cmlidXRlKCdkYXRhLW5vdW4nKXx8J3Jvd3MnOyB2YXIgY250PWRvY3VtZW50LnF1ZXJ5U2VsZWN0b3IoJ1tkYXRhLWNvdW50PSInK2lucC5pZCsnIl0nKTsgdmFyIG5vbmU9ZG9jdW1lbnQucXVlcnlTZWxlY3RvcignW2RhdGEtbm9uZT0iJytpbnAuaWQrJyJdJyk7IHZhciBnPVtdLm1hcC5jYWxsKHRndC5xdWVyeVNlbGVjdG9yQWxsKHNlbCksZnVuY3Rpb24oZWwpeyB2YXIgZD1lbC5nZXRBdHRyaWJ1dGUoJ2RhdGEtbW9yZScpO2Q9ZD9kb2N1bWVudC5nZXRFbGVtZW50QnlJZChkKTpudWxsOyByZXR1cm4ge2VsOmVsLGRldDpkLHR4dDpueihlbC50ZXh0Q29udGVudCsnICcrKGQ\/ZC50ZXh0Q29udGVudDonJykrJyAnKyhlbC5nZXRBdHRyaWJ1dGUoJ2RhdGEteCcpfHwnJykpfTsgfSk7IHZhciB0b3Q9Zy5sZW5ndGg7IGZ1bmN0aW9uIHJ1bigpeyB2YXIgdD1ueihpbnAudmFsdWUpLnRyaW0oKTt0PXQ\/dC5zcGxpdCgnICcpOltdOyB2YXIgbj0wOyBmb3IodmFyIGk9MDtpPGcubGVuZ3RoO2krKyl7IHZhciBvaz10cnVlOyBmb3IodmFyIGs9MDtrPHQubGVuZ3RoO2srKyl7aWYoZ1tpXS50eHQuaW5kZXhPZih0W2tdKTwwKXtvaz1mYWxzZTticmVhazt9fSBpZihvayluKys7IGdbaV0uZWwuY2xhc3NMaXN0LnRvZ2dsZSgncWhpZGUnLCFvayk7IGlmKGdbaV0uZGV0KWdbaV0uZGV0LmNsYXNzTGlzdC50b2dnbGUoJ3FoaWRlJywhb2spOyBpZihvayYmdC5sZW5ndGgmJmdbaV0uZWwuY2xhc3NMaXN0LmNvbnRhaW5zKCdvb2InKSlnW2ldLmVsLmNsYXNzTGlzdC5hZGQoJ29wZW4nKTsgfSBpZihjbnQpY250LnRleHRDb250ZW50PSh0Lmxlbmd0aD9uKycgb2YgJyt0b3Q6dG90KSsnICcrbm91bjsgaWYobm9uZSlub25lLmNsYXNzTGlzdC50b2dnbGUoJ29uJyxuPT09MCk7IH0gaW5wLmFkZEV2ZW50TGlzdGVuZXIoJ2lucHV0JyxydW4pOyB2YXIgYz1kb2N1bWVudC5xdWVyeVNlbGVjdG9yKCdbZGF0YS1jbGVhcj0iJytpbnAuaWQrJyJdJyk7IGlmKGMpYy5hZGRFdmVudExpc3RlbmVyKCdjbGljaycsZnVuY3Rpb24oKXtpbnAudmFsdWU9Jyc7cnVuKCk7aW5wLmZvY3VzKCk7fSk7IHJ1bigpOyB9IFtdLmZvckVhY2guY2FsbChkb2N1bWVudC5xdWVyeVNlbGVjdG9yQWxsKCcjbWZhbSBpbnB1dFtkYXRhLWZpbHRlcl0nKSxidWlsZCk7IGZ1bmN0aW9uIHRvZyhvKXtvLmNsYXNzTGlzdC50b2dnbGUoJ29wZW4nKTt9IFtdLmZvckVhY2guY2FsbChkb2N1bWVudC5xdWVyeVNlbGVjdG9yQWxsKCcjbWZhbSAub29id3JhcC5jb2xsIC5vb2I+ZGl2JyksZnVuY3Rpb24oaCl7IGguc2V0QXR0cmlidXRlKCd0YWJpbmRleCcsJzAnKTtoLnNldEF0dHJpYnV0ZSgncm9sZScsJ2J1dHRvbicpOyBoLmFkZEV2ZW50TGlzdGVuZXIoJ2NsaWNrJyxmdW5jdGlvbihlKXtpZihlLnRhcmdldC5jbG9zZXN0KCdhJykpcmV0dXJuO3RvZyhoLnBhcmVudE5vZGUpO30pOyBoLmFkZEV2ZW50TGlzdGVuZXIoJ2tleWRvd24nLGZ1bmN0aW9uKGUpe2lmKGUua2V5PT09J0VudGVyJ3x8ZS5rZXk9PT0nICcpe2UucHJldmVudERlZmF1bHQoKTt0b2coaC5wYXJlbnROb2RlKTt9fSk7IH0pOyBbXS5mb3JFYWNoLmNhbGwoZG9jdW1lbnQucXVlcnlTZWxlY3RvckFsbCgnI21mYW0gW2RhdGEtdG9nZ2xlYWxsXScpLGZ1bmN0aW9uKGIpeyBiLmFkZEV2ZW50TGlzdGVuZXIoJ2NsaWNrJyxmdW5jdGlvbigpeyB2YXIgdz1kb2N1bWVudC5xdWVyeVNlbGVjdG9yKGIuZ2V0QXR0cmlidXRlKCdkYXRhLXRvZ2dsZWFsbCcpKTtpZighdylyZXR1cm47IHZhciBvcGVuPSEhdy5xdWVyeVNlbGVjdG9yKCcub29iOm5vdCgub3BlbiknKTsgW10uZm9yRWFjaC5jYWxsKHcucXVlcnlTZWxlY3RvckFsbCgnLm9vYicpLGZ1bmN0aW9uKG8pe28uY2xhc3NMaXN0LnRvZ2dsZSgnb3Blbicsb3Blbik7fSk7IGIudGV4dENvbnRlbnQ9b3Blbj8nQ29sbGFwc2UgYWxsJzonRXhwYW5kIGFsbCc7IH0pOyB9KTsgW10uZm9yRWFjaC5jYWxsKGRvY3VtZW50LnF1ZXJ5U2VsZWN0b3JBbGwoJyNtZmFtIC5jYngnKSxmdW5jdGlvbihiKXsgYi5hZGRFdmVudExpc3RlbmVyKCdjbGljaycsZnVuY3Rpb24oKXsgdmFyIHI9ZG9jdW1lbnQuZ2V0RWxlbWVudEJ5SWQoYi5nZXRBdHRyaWJ1dGUoJ2RhdGEtbW9yZScpKTtpZighcilyZXR1cm47IHZhciBvbj1yLmNsYXNzTGlzdC50b2dnbGUoJ29uJyk7IGIudGV4dENvbnRlbnQ9b24\/J0hpZGUnOidEZXRhaWwnOyBiLnNldEF0dHJpYnV0ZSgnYXJpYS1leHBhbmRlZCcsb24\/J3RydWUnOidmYWxzZScpOyB9KTsgfSk7IH0pKCk7\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"cmb-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Order of Battle &middot; South African Air Force Every war the South African Air Force has fought The air force was used at home and in the mandated territory as well as abroad: against armed strikers on the Rand in 1922 and against the Bondelswarts the same year, when Wikipedia gives about 100 Bondelswarts killed, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":29261,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-29263","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>South African Air Force combat record | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/\u7a7a\u519b\/south-african-air-force\/\u6218\u6597\u8bb0\u5f55\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"South African Air Force combat record | MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Order of Battle &middot; South African Air Force Every war the South African Air Force has fought The air force was used at home and in the mandated territory as well as abroad: against armed strikers on the Rand in 1922 and against the Bondelswarts the same year, when Wikipedia gives about 100 Bondelswarts killed, [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/\u7a7a\u519b\/south-african-air-force\/\u6218\u6597\u8bb0\u5f55\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-02T18:27:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/migflug-share-1200x630-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@migflug\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"14 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/south-african-air-force\\\/combat-record\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/south-african-air-force\\\/combat-record\\\/\",\"name\":\"South African Air Force combat record | MiGFlug\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-02T07:08:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-02T18:27:31+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/south-african-air-force\\\/combat-record\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/south-african-air-force\\\/combat-record\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/south-african-air-force\\\/combat-record\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Startseite\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Air Forces of the World \u2014 Order of Battle\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"South African Air Force\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/south-african-air-force\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"South African Air Force combat record\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"MiGFlug\",\"description\":\"Fly a Jet Fighter Yourself\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"MiGFlug GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/logo-migflug-blue.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/logo-migflug-blue.png\",\"width\":200,\"height\":100,\"caption\":\"MiGFlug GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/MiGFlug\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/migflug\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/migflug\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/user\\\/MiGFlug\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/migflug.com\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.ch\\\/migflug\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"South African Air Force combat record | MiGFlug","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/\u7a7a\u519b\/south-african-air-force\/\u6218\u6597\u8bb0\u5f55\/","og_locale":"zh_CN","og_type":"article","og_title":"South African Air Force combat record | MiGFlug","og_description":"Order of Battle &middot; South African Air Force Every war the South African Air Force has fought The air force was used at home and in the mandated territory as well as abroad: against armed strikers on the Rand in 1922 and against the Bondelswarts the same year, when Wikipedia gives about 100 Bondelswarts killed, [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/\u7a7a\u519b\/south-african-air-force\/\u6218\u6597\u8bb0\u5f55\/","og_site_name":"MiGFlug","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/","article_modified_time":"2026-10-02T18:27:31+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":630,"url":"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/migflug-share-1200x630-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@migflug","twitter_misc":{"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4":"14 \u5206"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/south-african-air-force\/combat-record\/","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/south-african-air-force\/combat-record\/","name":"South African Air Force combat record | MiGFlug","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-10-02T07:08:28+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-02T18:27:31+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/south-african-air-force\/combat-record\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"zh-Hans","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/south-african-air-force\/combat-record\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/south-african-air-force\/combat-record\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Startseite","item":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Air Forces of the World \u2014 Order of Battle","item":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"South African Air Force","item":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/south-african-air-force\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"South African Air Force combat record"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/","name":"\u7c73\u683c-\u5f17\u62c9\u683c","description":"\u4eb2\u81ea\u9a7e\u9a76\u55b7\u6c14\u5f0f\u6218\u6597\u673a","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"zh-Hans"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#organization","name":"MiGFlug\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/logo-migflug-blue.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/logo-migflug-blue.png","width":200,"height":100,"caption":"MiGFlug GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/","https:\/\/x.com\/migflug","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/migflug\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/MiGFlug","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/migflug.com\/","https:\/\/www.pinterest.ch\/migflug\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29263","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29263"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29263\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30915,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29263\/revisions\/30915"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29261"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29263"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u53ef\u6e7f\u6027\u7c89\u5242","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}