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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\/\">Air Force of Zimbabwe<\/a><\/div>\n<h1>Every war the Air Force of Zimbabwe has fought<\/h1>\n<p class=\"sub\">The Rhodesian air force of the Bush War and the guerrilla movements that now govern Zimbabwe describe the same raids in opposite terms: for Operation Gatling in October 1978 Rhodesia claimed 1,500 guerrillas killed, while ZAPU&rsquo;s account describes 351 young people killed at a camp it calls a refugee site, and each figure is given with the side that makes it. Zimbabwe has not published its losses in the Congo, and the estimates given are Wikipedia&rsquo;s. Where a consolidated sortie or loss figure exists in the official record it is given here; where accounts disagree, the range is shown and the disagreement named. Blank cells are blank because no figure could be verified, not because the fighting was small.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">From No. 237 (Rhodesia) Squadron in East Africa in 1940 to the Congo in 1998&ndash;2002.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"warfind\" data-filter=\"#combattbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr.crow\" data-noun=\"conflicts\" placeholder=\"Search conflicts, countries, aircraft, years\" aria-label=\"Search conflicts, countries, aircraft, years\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"warfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"warfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt cbt\" id=\"combattbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Conflict<\/th>\n<th>Years<\/th>\n<th>Against<\/th>\n<th>Main aircraft<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Sorties<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Aircraft lost<\/th>\n<th><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd0\" data-x=\"East Africa, then other RAF theatres Southern Rhodesia Air Force, absorbed into the RAF as No. 237 (Rhodesia) Squadron Alongside United Kingdom and Commonwealth\">\n<td>Second World War<span class=\"cwho\">No. 237 (Rhodesia) Squadron<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Southern Rhodesia Air Force, absorbed into the RAF as No. 237 (Rhodesia) Squadron<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1939&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td>Italy and Germany<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd0\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd0\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Army cooperation and later wider RAF service; Rhodesians also served in Nos. 44 and 266 (Rhodesia) Squadrons RAF.<\/p>\n<p>The Southern Rhodesia Air Force had existed for less than a year when, in April 1940, it was folded into the Royal Air Force as No. 237 (Rhodesia) Squadron and sent to the East African campaign against Italy. Rhodesian aircrew went on to serve across the RAF, concentrated enough in Nos. 44 and 266 Squadrons for both to carry the colony&rsquo;s name. The larger contribution was the Rhodesian Air Training Group, which from 1940 to 1945 trained about 10,000 Commonwealth and Allied airmen at stations that included Thornhill, still the air force&rsquo;s main training base.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Allied victory. The colony&rsquo;s training schools turned out about 10,000 aircrew for the Commonwealth.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Based on Wikipedia&rsquo;s summary of the published Rhodesian histories; individual squadron records were not checked.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Southern Rhodesia Air Force, absorbed into the RAF as No. 237 (Rhodesia) Squadron<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>East Africa, then other RAF theatres<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United Kingdom and Commonwealth<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Italy and Germany<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">No sortie total found.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Wikipedia states that Rhodesian airmen suffered 20 per cent fatalities; no absolute figure was confirmed.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rhodesian_Air_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thornhill_Air_Base\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd1\" data-x=\"Rhodesia, with external raids into Mozambique and Zambia Royal Rhodesian Air Force, from 1970 the Rhodesian Air Force No allied air arm Hawker Hunter English Electric Canberra de Havilland Vampire Alouette III Agusta-Bell 205 Reims-Cessna Lynx SF.260 Douglas C-47\">\n<td>Rhodesian Bush War<span class=\"cwho\">the Second Chimurenga<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Royal Rhodesian Air Force, from 1970 the Rhodesian Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1964&ndash;1979<\/td>\n<td>ZANLA (ZANU) and ZIPRA (ZAPU)<\/td>\n<td>Hawker Hunter, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/english-electric-canberra\/\">English Electric Canberra<\/a>, de Havilland Vampire<span class=\"cwho\">and 5 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd1\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd1\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Close air support, Fireforce helicopter assault, paratroop transport, reconnaissance and cross-border strikes against ZANLA and ZIPRA.<\/p>\n<p>The air force fought the war under sanctions and with a ceiling of about 2,300 people and 150 pilots. Its Fireforce tactic &mdash; Alouette gunships and troop-carrying helicopters, with paratroops dropped from Dakotas &mdash; was the heart of Rhodesian counter-insurgency; Canberras flew photo reconnaissance and a Dakota nicknamed &quot;Warthog&quot; gathered electronic intelligence. From 1976 it struck guerrilla bases across the borders. After ZIPRA shot down the Air Rhodesia Viscount Flight 825 near Kariba on 3 September 1978 with an SA-7 missile, Rhodesia launched Operation Gatling (19&ndash;21 October 1978): eight Canberras, eight Hunters, four Alouette gunships, a Dakota and a Lynx attacked ZAPU&rsquo;s Westlands Farm near Lusaka and camps at Mkushi and north of the city, while the strike leader, using the call sign &quot;Green Leader&quot;, told Lusaka tower that Hunters would shoot down any Zambian fighter that took off. ZIPRA shot down a second Viscount, Flight 827, on 12 February 1979, killing all 59 aboard.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Lancaster House agreement in December 1979, ceasefire on 21 December 1979, elections won by ZANU-PF and independence as Zimbabwe on 18 April 1980.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The guerrilla movements and Rhodesia describe the same raids in opposite terms; casualty figures above are each party&rsquo;s or a named historian&rsquo;s, not independent counts.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Royal Rhodesian Air Force, from 1970 the Rhodesian Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Rhodesia, with external raids into Mozambique and Zambia<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>No allied air arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>ZANLA (ZANU) and ZIPRA (ZAPU)<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Hawker Hunter, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/english-electric-canberra\/\">English Electric Canberra<\/a>, de Havilland Vampire, Alouette III, Agusta-Bell 205, Reims-Cessna Lynx, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sf-260\/\">SF.260<\/a>, Douglas C-47<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">No sortie totals published in the sources checked.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">No overall air force loss figure was found. Rhodesian government statistics for December 1972 &ndash; December 1979 count 1,120 security force members, 10,050 guerrillas killed inside Rhodesia (plus an unknown number in Mozambique and Zambia), 7,790 black civilians and 468 white civilians killed. For Operation Gatling (October 1978) Rhodesia claimed 1,500 guerrillas killed for one Rhodesian dead; ZAPU&rsquo;s account, given by the historian Sibanda, describes 351 young people killed at the Westlands Farm (&quot;Freedom Camp&quot;) site, and the historians Moorcraft and McLaughlin call the Rhodesian figure considerably exaggerated, with many of the dead unarmed refugees.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rhodesian_Air_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rhodesian_Bush_War\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Gatling\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd2\" data-x=\"Central Mozambique, the Beira and other transport corridors Air Force of Zimbabwe Alongside Mozambique (FRELIMO government)\">\n<td>Mozambican Civil War<span class=\"cwho\">the Beira corridor<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Air Force of Zimbabwe<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1982&ndash;1992<\/td>\n<td>RENAMO<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd2\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd2\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Support of Zimbabwean ground forces fighting alongside FRELIMO against RENAMO, including operations against RENAMO&rsquo;s Gorongosa bases.<\/p>\n<p>Zimbabwe intervened directly in 1982 to secure its transport routes to the sea, above all the Beira corridor, to stop RENAMO&rsquo;s cross-border raids and to help its ally FRELIMO. Zimbabwean and FRELIMO forces mounted joint operations against RENAMO base camps in Gorongosa, and RENAMO&rsquo;s headquarters in central Mozambique was taken in August 1985. Wikipedia&rsquo;s AFZ article lists the Mozambican conflict among the air force&rsquo;s engagements, but the sources checked do not describe which aircraft flew or what they did.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> No outcome specific to the air force is recorded in the sources checked; Zimbabwean involvement is dated 1982&ndash;1992 by Wikipedia.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The air force&rsquo;s role is thinly documented in accessible sources; details are left out rather than guessed.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Air Force of Zimbabwe<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Central Mozambique, the Beira and other transport corridors<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>Mozambique (FRELIMO government)<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>RENAMO<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">No sortie or aircraft details were found in the sources checked.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">No AFZ loss figures were found.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mozambican_Civil_War\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zimbabwe_Defence_Forces\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Air_Force_of_Zimbabwe\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd3\" data-x=\"Democratic Republic of the Congo, from Kinshasa to Lake Tanganyika Air Force of Zimbabwe Alongside Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola and Namibia BAE Hawk T.60\/60A Chengdu F-7 Hawker Hunter Mi-35 Alouette III AB412 CASA C-212 BN-2A Islander SF.260\">\n<td>Second Congo War<span class=\"cwho\">the DRC war<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Air Force of Zimbabwe<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1998&ndash;2002<\/td>\n<td>RCD rebels, Rwanda and Uganda<\/td>\n<td>BAE Hawk T.60\/60A, Chengdu F-7, Hawker Hunter<span class=\"cwho\">and 6 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd3\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd3\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd3\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Air defence of Kinshasa, strikes on rebel columns and positions, transport and helicopter support for the Zimbabwean contingent.<\/p>\n<p>Zimbabwe entered the war in August 1998 under a SADC mandate to defend President Laurent Kabila against a rebellion backed by Rwanda and Uganda. The AFZ&rsquo;s first recorded action, on 26 August 1998, was against a rebel armoured column approaching Kinshasa (BBC report cited on Wikipedia). It then flew Hawks with Sidewinders, Mk 82 bombs and BL755 cluster bombs, F-7s, and newly bought Mi-35s whose crews were trained by Russian instructors at Thornhill. Wikipedia, citing Tom Cooper&rsquo;s ACIG database, describes AFZ strikes on ferries on Lake Tanganyika in late 1998 and repeats a claim that six were sunk and 600 Burundian and Rwandan troops killed; that figure is not independently confirmed. The army contingent peaked at about 12,000 in January 2001, and Zimbabwe spent 166 million US dollars in January&ndash;June 2000 alone. A UN expert panel reported on the illegal exploitation of Congolese resources in April 2001.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Kabila&rsquo;s government survived; Zimbabwe began withdrawing in 2002 and was out by the end of that year.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Claims of enemy casualties come from one secondary source and are unverified; Zimbabwe has not published its losses.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Air Force of Zimbabwe<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Democratic Republic of the Congo, from Kinshasa to Lake Tanganyika<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola and Namibia<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>RCD rebels, Rwanda and Uganda<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>BAE Hawk T.60\/60A, Chengdu F-7, Hawker Hunter, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mi-35<\/a>, Alouette III, AB412, CASA C-212, BN-2A Islander, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sf-260\/\">SF.260<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">No official sortie count.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not officially published. Wikipedia&rsquo;s Second Congo War article gives three of six Mi-24\/35s, a transport and an unidentified interceptor, probably an F-7; its AFZ article gives estimates of four Hawks, three F-7s and several helicopters. An SF.260 crashed in bad weather on 4 September 1998, killing Wing Commander Sharaunga, and nine days later an Alouette III carrying senior officers was shot down. Three F-7s were lost in accidents on the January 2001 funeral flight to Kinshasa.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Air_Force_of_Zimbabwe\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Congo_War\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"warfind\">Nothing matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every figure, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\"><\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-10-01. <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\/\">Back to the Air Force of Zimbabwe<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam 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