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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; Cuba<\/div>\n<h1>Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Defensa Antia&#233;rea y Fuerza A&#233;rea Revolucionaria (DAAFAR)<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">The Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force (Defensa Antia&#233;rea y Fuerza A&#233;rea Revolucionaria, DAAFAR) was built in 1959 from Batista&rsquo;s army air force and a handful of rebel aircraft, sank the invasion ships at the Bay of Pigs two years later, became the Soviet Union&rsquo;s best-armed air force in the Americas and flew in Angola and Ethiopia &mdash; and in 2026, by FlightGlobal&rsquo;s count, it has no fighter in day-to-day use, only a few transports, helicopters and three L-39 trainers.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Combat aircraft<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>7<\/b><span>Active air bases<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1959<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>17<\/b><span>Types retired<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: ZemplinTemplar \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Cuba<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1959<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Havana (seat of the Revolutionary Armed Forces; the air force&rsquo;s own headquarters is not published)<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Commander<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>The Cuban air force story: Sea Furies at the Bay of Pigs, MiGs in Angola and an air force without fuel<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1913&ndash;1958: an army air corps in the American mould<\/h3>\n<p>Cuban military flying began, by English Wikipedia&rsquo;s account, on 5 July 1913, when the Cuerpo de Aviaci&#243;n del Ej&#233;rcito de Cuba was formed with a single Curtiss F flying boat; its first squadron followed on 18 May 1919 with nine Curtiss JN-4D Jennies. It grew in the American mould: by 1939 a pursuit squadron flew Vought O2U Corsairs, Curtiss Hawk IIs and Vought Kingfishers. After Fulgencio Batista&rsquo;s coup the corps was reorganised on 23 April 1952 as the Fuerza A&#233;rea del Ej&#233;rcito de Cuba (FAEC), recombining army and naval flying, and the United States supplied training, transports and fighters &mdash; P-47 Thunderbolts, B-26 Invaders, T-33 jets. As the revolution spread, the FAEC bought 17 refurbished Sea Furies from Hawker in 1958 (15 FB.11 and two T.20). It was an air force fighting a civil war, and it did not save the regime: Santa Clara fell on 1 January 1959, and Batista fled within twelve hours.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1959&ndash;1961: the revolution&rsquo;s air force and the Bay of Pigs<\/h3>\n<p>The new government inherited most of Batista&rsquo;s aircraft and merged them with the rebels&rsquo; own Fuerza A&#233;rea Rebelde, mainly transports and light aircraft but including three P-51 Mustangs and a T-28. Arrests of former officers and a lack of spare parts left few aircraft flying. On 15 April 1961 eight exile-flown B-26s, launched from Nicaragua and painted in Cuban markings, struck Ciudad Libertad, San Antonio de los Ba&#241;os and Santiago de Cuba; the John F. Kennedy Library says they &quot;missed many of their targets and left most of Castro&rsquo;s air force intact&quot;. From 17 April the survivors &mdash; Sea Furies, B-26s and T-33s, the only jets &mdash; attacked the landing at Playa Gir&#243;n, sinking the Rio Escondido and badly damaging the Houston. By Wikipedia&rsquo;s count Brigade 2506 lost nine B-26s, and it surrendered on 19 April.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1961&ndash;1963: MiGs, missiles and a Soviet regiment<\/h3>\n<p>Soviet equipment followed within weeks. Twenty MiG-15 fighters and four trainers arrived at the end of May 1961 and were assembled at San Antonio de los Ba&#241;os from 6 June; Enrique Carreras became the first Cuban to fly one, on 24 June, according to the Latin American Aviation Historical Society. Twelve MiG-19s came from November 1961. In 1962 Moscow sent a whole fighter regiment with about 40 MiG-21F-13s, 42 Il-28 bombers and SA-2 missile batteries. During the missile crisis Cuban pilots had no radar of their own; the Smithsonian&rsquo;s account says they scrambled only once, a MiG-19 after an RF-101 Voodoo. The U-2 shot down near Banes on 27 October 1962 was hit by SA-2 missiles fired by Soviet forces. The Il-28s went home; the MiG-21s stayed, and the first Cuban MiG-21 regiment formed on 10 August 1963.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1964&ndash;1991: a Soviet client air force at war in Africa<\/h3>\n<p>For the next quarter-century Cuba re-equipped from the Soviet Union: about a hundred MiG-17s from 1964, MiG-23BN fighter-bombers from 1978, MiG-23MF interceptors in the mid-1980s and, from October 1989, twelve MiG-29s and two MiG-29UB trainers of a planned 45. It also sent them abroad. A Cuban air contingent was in Angola from December 1975, first with MiG-17Fs and a squadron of MiG-21MFs flown in by An-22; a MiG-21 squadron went to Ethiopia in December 1977. In southern Angola Cuban MiG-21s and later MiG-23MLs fought the South African Air Force until 1988, and the claims of both sides still differ. The cost was high and the record contested: Wikipedia gives 2,016 Cuban dead in Angola from all causes between 1975 and 1991.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1991&ndash;2009: collapse, defections and the 1996 shoot-down<\/h3>\n<p>The Soviet collapse ended deliveries and subsidies at once. On 20 March 1991 Major Orestes Lorenzo P&#233;rez flew a MiG-23BN to Naval Air Station Key West; two more pilots defected in September 1993, one to Key West in a MiG-21 and one to Guant&#225;namo in a MiG-23. On 24 February 1996 a MiG-29UB, with a MiG-23 nearby, shot down two Cessna 337s of the Miami exile group Brothers to the Rescue, killing four men. The ICAO investigation found that both were destroyed in international airspace, nine and ten nautical miles outside Cuba&rsquo;s territorial airspace; the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights found in 1999 that Cuba had violated the right to life. Cuba maintained that the aircraft had repeatedly violated its airspace and had been warned. By 2007 the IISS counted 8,000 personnel, 41 combat-capable aircraft and about 189 in store.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2010&ndash;2026: an air force without fuel or fighters<\/h3>\n<p>English Wikipedia reports that Ra&#250;l Castro ordered full training for the MiG-29 pilots in 2010, at 200 to 250 hours a year; no official confirmation was found. The trend since then has run the other way. FlightGlobal counted five MiG-29s in operation in 2022; its directory for 2026 lists no Cuban fighter at all, only four An-24\/26 transports, nine Mi-8\/17 and four Mi-35 helicopters and three L-39s, because it leaves out aircraft not in day-to-day use. In 2026 the island lost its Venezuelan oil after the US operation in Caracas, aviation fuel ran short, and on 20 May 2026 the US Justice Department charged Ra&#250;l Castro and five others, among them the MiG-29 pilot of 1996, over the shoot-down. What remains is a service with a proud combat record, skilled pilots and a fleet that depended on a patron that no longer exists.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">The new government inherited most of Batista&rsquo;s aircraft and merged them with the rebels&rsquo; own Fuerza A&#233;rea Rebelde, mainly transports and light aircraft but including three P-51 Mustangs and a T-28. Arrests of former officers and a lack of spare parts left few aircraft flying.<cite>Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force &middot; verified 2026-10-01<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>The Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Service<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Native name<\/dt>\n<dd>Defensa Antia&#233;rea y Fuerza A&#233;rea Revolucionaria (DAAFAR)<span class=\"gnote\">Spelling as set by the project brief for the official name; English Wikipedia writes &quot;Defensa Anti-A&#233;rea&quot;. The Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces site (minfar.gob.cu) could not be reached to confirm it<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Founded<\/dt>\n<dd>1959<span class=\"gnote\">The revolutionary air force (FAR) was formed in 1959 from Batista&rsquo;s FAEC and the rebel air arm. Lineage: Cuerpo de Aviaci&#243;n 5 July 1913; FAEC 23 April 1952. The date on which air force and air defence were merged as DAAFAR was not confirmed<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Part of<\/dt>\n<dd>Revolutionary Armed Forces (FAR)<span class=\"gnote\">Minister: Corps General &#193;lvaro L&#243;pez Miera since April 2021; Chief of the General Staff: Lieutenant General Roberto Legr&#225; Sotolongo<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Headquarters<\/dt>\n<dd>Havana<span class=\"gnote\">Seat of the Revolutionary Armed Forces; the air force&rsquo;s own headquarters is not published in the sources reached<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Commander<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"gnote\">English Wikipedia lists Maj. Gen. Pedro Mendiondo G&#243;mez as a notable commander, undated; Infobae reported that he died in office in August 2013. His successor in 2026 could not be confirmed<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Air zones<\/dt>\n<dd>Three: Western, Central, Eastern<span class=\"gnote\">English Wikipedia places them at San Antonio de los Ba&#241;os, the Santa Clara region and Camag&#252;ey\/Santiago de Cuba; the Cuban government does not publish its order of battle<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Strength<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Personnel<\/dt>\n<dd>About 8,000 (2007)<span class=\"gnote\">The IISS figure for 2007 quoted by English Wikipedia; no newer public figure was found. The whole Revolutionary Armed Forces were estimated at 50,000 active in 2022<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Fighters<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>MiG-29 &mdash; 0 in day-to-day use (FlightGlobal 2026); 3&ndash;14 held, none operational (Wikipedia)<\/li>\n<li>MiG-23 &mdash; 0 in day-to-day use; 24 held, none operational (Wikipedia)<\/li>\n<li>MiG-21 &mdash; 0 in day-to-day use; 11 held, none operational (Wikipedia)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Sources disagree: FlightGlobal&rsquo;s 2026 directory lists no Cuban fighter because it excludes stored aircraft; English Wikipedia&rsquo;s table marks all as non-operational; the Revolutionary Armed Forces article gives an undated 6 MiG-29, 40 MiG-23 and 12 MiG-21. FlightGlobal counted five MiG-29s in operation in 2022<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Transports<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>An-24\/An-26 &mdash; 4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">FlightGlobal 2026; Wikipedia splits them as one An-24 and three An-26<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Helicopters<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Mi-8\/Mi-17 &mdash; 9<\/li>\n<li>Mi-35 &mdash; 4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">FlightGlobal 2026; Wikipedia gives two Mi-8P and seven Mi-17<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Trainers<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>L-39C Albatros &mdash; 3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">The only jet aircraft FlightGlobal counts as in use<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Fuel and flying in 2026<\/dt>\n<dd>Acute shortage<span class=\"gnote\">Venezuelan oil stopped after the US operation in Caracas in January 2026, and aviation fuel ran short; a US licence of 26 February 2026 for Venezuelan oil excluded entities tied to the Cuban military. No official figure for flying hours has been published<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Combat aircraft in 2007<\/dt>\n<dd>41 combat-capable, about 189 stored<span class=\"gnote\">IISS 2007 as quoted by Wikipedia; the Revolutionary Armed Forces article says 188 stored<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Infrastructure<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Main air bases<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>San Antonio de los Ba&#241;os &mdash; fighter base west of Havana<\/li>\n<li>Holgu&#237;n &mdash; military base beside Frank Pa&#237;s airport<\/li>\n<li>Santa Clara &mdash; helicopters beside Abel Santamar&#237;a airport<\/li>\n<li>San Juli&#225;n &mdash; Pinar del R&#237;o<\/li>\n<li>Playa Baracoa &mdash; government and transport flying west of Havana<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Roles as given by English Wikipedia; Cuba publishes no base list<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Closed air base<\/dt>\n<dd>Ciudad Libertad (Columbia), Havana<span class=\"gnote\">Cuba&rsquo;s main airport until 1930, bombed on 15 April 1961, now a school<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Former military use of civil airports<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Santiago de Cuba (Antonio Maceo) &mdash; An-2, An-26, Mi-8 and Mi-24 in the past<\/li>\n<li>Camag&#252;ey (Ignacio Agramonte) &mdash; Mi-17 transport helicopters in the past<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">English Wikipedia describes both in the past tense; current military use was not confirmed<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Hardened shelters<\/dt>\n<dd>Holgu&#237;n<span class=\"gnote\">Wikipedia describes barracks and bunkers for fighter aircraft on the north side of the airport, built during the Cold War<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Foreign base on Cuban soil<\/dt>\n<dd>Guant&#225;namo Bay (US Navy)<span class=\"gnote\">Leased in 1903 with no expiry; Leeward Point Field (MUGM) is the airfield. Cuba regards the base as illegally occupied and has deposited no rent cheque since 1959, by Fidel Castro&rsquo;s account the one cashed that year by confusion<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"structure\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Structure<\/div>\n<h2>How the Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force is organised<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">The air and air defence service of the Revolutionary Armed Forces, organised by English Wikipedia&rsquo;s account into Western, Central and Eastern Air Zones; Cuba publishes no order of battle, and no commander could be confirmed for 2026. <span class=\"imp\">FlightGlobal&rsquo;s 2026 directory counts no Cuban fighter in day-to-day use, only four An-24\/26 transports, nine Mi-8\/17 and four Mi-35 helicopters and three L-39C trainers; the MiG-29s, MiG-23s and MiG-21s still held are treated as non-operational by both FlightGlobal and Wikipedia.<\/span> The IISS counted about 8,000 personnel in 2007, the latest figure found.<\/p>\n<div class=\"org\">\n<div class=\"cmdcard\"><span class=\"cface mono\">NC<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"cmdtx\"><span class=\"crank\">Commander<\/span><b><\/b><span class=\"cmeta\">Chief of the Defensa Antia&#233;rea y Fuerza A&#233;rea Revolucionaria<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmdorg\"><span>Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force<\/span><em>Defensa Antia&#233;rea y Fuerza A&#233;rea Revolucionaria<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgrow\">\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Headquarters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">Defensa Antia&#233;rea y Fuerza A&#233;rea Revolucionaria<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Havana<\/div>\n<p>The air and air defence service of the Revolutionary Armed Forces, whose minister is Corps General &#193;lvaro L&#243;pez Miera, in post since April 2021. No official page confirming who commands the service in 2026 could be reached; English Wikipedia names Maj Gen Pedro Mendiondo G&#243;mez as a notable commander, without dates, but Infobae reported that he died in office as chief in August 2013. The Revolutionary Armed Forces have their seat in Havana; the service&rsquo;s own headquarters is not published.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Air zones<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Western, Central and Eastern Air Zones<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">San Antonio de los Ba&#241;os, Santa Clara and Camag&#252;ey or Santiago de Cuba<\/div>\n<p>The three air zones English Wikipedia names: the Western at San Antonio de los Ba&#241;os, the Central in the Santa Clara region and the Eastern at Camag&#252;ey or Santiago de Cuba. The Cuban government does not publish its order of battle.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Front line<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Fighter units of the Western Air Zone<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">San Antonio de los Ba&#241;os<\/div>\n<p>English Wikipedia places the zone&rsquo;s fighter regiments, with MiG-29s and MiG-23s, at San Antonio; regiment numbers are not given. Of the 14 MiG-29s delivered from October 1989, FlightGlobal counted five in operation in 2022 and none in day-to-day use in 2026, and Wikipedia marks every MiG-29, MiG-23 and MiG-21 still held as non-operational.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Helicopters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Helicopter squadron<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Santa Clara<\/div>\n<p>Mi-17s and Mi-24\/Mi-35s beside Abel Santamar&#237;a airport, as English Wikipedia describes it; Cuba publishes neither unit number nor strength. FlightGlobal&rsquo;s 2026 count for the whole service is nine Mi-8\/17 and four Mi-35.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Transport<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Executive and transport flying<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Playa Baracoa<\/div>\n<p>English Wikipedia lists VIP and transport squadrons and an air defence headquarters at Playa Baracoa, with Yak-40s, An-26s, An-2s and Mi-8s, while also calling the base inactive; FlightGlobal counts four An-24\/26 in day-to-day use in 2026 and no longer the Yak-40 or An-2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Training<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Jet trainers<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<p>Three L-39C Albatros, the only jets FlightGlobal counts as in day-to-day use in 2026. Their delivery date, original number and base are not published.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">In service<\/div>\n<h2>What the Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force flies today<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type on charge, linked to its Book of Beasts page where one exists. <span class=\"imp\">Counts are aircraft on the books, not aircraft available on a given day.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-yr\">\n<col class=\"c-units\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">In service<\/th>\n<th>Since<\/th>\n<th>Units<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\">Mikoyan MiG-29 and MiG-29UB<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter (stored)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1989<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Fourteen delivered (12 MiG-29 9.12B, two MiG-29UB). <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>FlightGlobal counted five in operation in 2022 and none in day-to-day use in its 2026 directory; English Wikipedia lists 3&ndash;14 held, all non-operational.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23BN, MF, ML and UB<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter-bomber and interceptor (stored)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1978<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>LAAHS gives 45 MiG-23BN and two MiG-23UB from September 1978 and 15 MiG-23MF in the mid-1980s; English Wikipedia lists 24 MiG-23ML\/UB held, all non-operational; FlightGlobal 2026 lists none in day-to-day use.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph2\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21F-13, PFM, MF, bis and UM<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter (stored)<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1962<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>About 40 MiG-21F-13s came with the Soviet regiment of 1962; later variants followed in numbers not confirmed. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>English Wikipedia lists 11 MiG-21MF\/bis held, all non-operational; FlightGlobal 2026 lists none in day-to-day use.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Antonov An-24 and An-26<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>FlightGlobal 2026 gives four An-24\/26; English Wikipedia splits them as one An-24 and three An-26.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph3\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mil Mi-8 and Mi-17<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>FlightGlobal 2026; Wikipedia lists two Mi-8P and seven Mi-17.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph4\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mil Mi-35 (Mi-24 family)<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Attack helicopter<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>FlightGlobal 2026 and Wikipedia (as of 2024) both give four.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/l-39-albatros\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/l-39-albatros\/\">Aero L-39C Albatros<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Jet trainer<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>FlightGlobal 2026 and Wikipedia both give three.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fleetchart\">\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Mi-8\/17<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:100%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">9<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">An-24\/26<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:44%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">4<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Mi-35<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:44%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">4<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">L-39C<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:33%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">3<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"former\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Formerly operated<\/div>\n<h2>Every type the Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force has retired<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">17 types, from the Curtiss F flying boat and Curtiss JN-4D Jenny to the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17F and MiG-17AS. <span class=\"imp\">Peak figures are airframes taken on charge over the whole service life, not fleet strength on any one date.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet former\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-srv\">\n<col class=\"c-rep\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Peak<\/th>\n<th>Served<\/th>\n<th>Replaced by<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-17-fresco\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph5\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-17-fresco\/\" class=\"was\">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17F and MiG-17AS<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Fighter-bomber<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>1964&ndash;1981<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>&quot;A total of 100 or so&quot;, per LAAHS; Wikipedia gives 75 in service in 1979.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-19-farmer\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-19-farmer\/\" class=\"was\">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19P<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<td>1961&ndash;1966<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Eight arrived in November 1961; 12 in all, per LAAHS.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph6\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Ilyushin Il-28<\/td>\n<td>Light bomber<\/td>\n<td>42<\/td>\n<td>1962&ndash;1962<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>42 received in 1962 and returned to the Soviet Union after the missile crisis.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-47-thunderbolt\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph7\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-47-thunderbolt\/\" class=\"was\">Republic P-47D Thunderbolt<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter-bomber<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Two non-operational P-47s were destroyed at Ciudad Libertad on 15 April 1961.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-15-fagot\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-15-fagot\/\" class=\"was\">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15bis, MiG-15R and MiG-15UTI<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>1961&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Twenty fighters and four trainers in the first delivery of May 1961; about 30 trainers were eventually acquired, per LAAHS. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>By October 1962, 36 MiG-15bis and MiG-15Rbis were dispersed across four bases.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Hawker Sea Fury FB.11 and T.20<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter-bomber<\/td>\n<td>17<\/td>\n<td>1958&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>15 FB.11 and two T.20, refurbished ex-Fleet Air Arm aircraft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph8\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\" class=\"was\">Lockheed T-33A<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Jet trainer, armed<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Wikipedia&rsquo;s Bay of Pigs article counts one destroyed at San Antonio on 15 April 1961.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/a-26-invader\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph9\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/a-26-invader\/\" class=\"was\">Douglas B-26 Invader<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Bomber<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Batista&rsquo;s forces at Santa Clara in December 1958 listed seven B-26s; Wikipedia counts three FAR B-26s destroyed at San Antonio on 15 April 1961.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-51-mustang\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph10\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-51-mustang\/\" class=\"was\">North American P-51D Mustang<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-28-trojan\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph11\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-28-trojan\/\" class=\"was\">North American T-28 Trojan<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Armed trainer<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One, with the rebel Fuerza A&#233;rea Rebelde.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Douglas C-47 Skytrain<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>A C-47 was destroyed at Santiago de Cuba on 15 April 1961.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph12\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>North American T-6 Texan<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Trainer<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Curtiss Hawk II, Vought O2U Corsair and Vought Kingfisher<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter, observation and floatplane<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Curtiss F flying boat and Curtiss JN-4D Jenny<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>First military aircraft and trainers<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>1913&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One Curtiss F (1913) and nine JN-4Ds (1919).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Zlin Z 226 and Z 326<\/td>\n<td>Basic trainer<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Antonov An-2, An-32, Ilyushin Il-14, Il-62 and Yakovlev Yak-40<\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Mil Mi-1, Mi-4A and Mi-14<\/td>\n<td>Helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"bases\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Air bases<\/div>\n<h2>Where the Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force flies from<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Black pins are active bases, hollow pins the airfields that have closed. <span class=\"imp\">San Antonio de los Ba&#241;os, built by the United States in 1942, is the main fighter base; Holgu&#237;n has Cold War shelters for fighters, and Santa Clara is a helicopter base, by English Wikipedia&rsquo;s account.<\/span> Santiago de Cuba and Camag&#252;ey are civil airports with past military use, and Ciudad Libertad in Havana, bombed on 15 April 1961, is now a school. Cuba publishes no base list, so coordinates and roles come from Wikipedia rather than the Cuban AIP.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><span>Click a pin to open the base page<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"basefind\" data-filter=\"#basetbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air bases\" placeholder=\"Search bases, province, units, aircrafts\" aria-label=\"Search bases, province, units, aircrafts\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"basefind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"basefind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"basetbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Runway<\/th>\n<th>Units and aircraft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr id=\"base-camaguey\" data-base=\"camaguey\" data-x=\"active active Civil airport CMW\">\n<td>Camag&#252;ey<small>Ignacio Agramonte Airport<\/small><span>Camag&#252;ey Province<\/span><\/td>\n<td>MUCM<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>07\/25<\/span>3,000 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-holguin\" data-base=\"holguin\" data-x=\"active active Defensa Antia&#233;rea y Fuerza A&#233;rea Revolucionaria HOG\">\n<td>Holgu&#237;n<span>Holgu&#237;n Province<\/span><\/td>\n<td>MUHG<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>05\/23<\/span>3,238 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-playa-baracoa\" data-base=\"playa-baracoa\" data-x=\"active active Defensa Antia&#233;rea y Fuerza A&#233;rea Revolucionaria \">\n<td>Playa Baracoa<span>Artemisa Province (Caimito municipality)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>MUPB<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>03\/21<\/span>2,305 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Executive and transport flying<\/span>: <span>Yak-40, An-26, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mi-8<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-san-antonio-de-los-banos\" data-base=\"san-antonio-de-los-banos\" data-x=\"active active Western Air Zone, Defensa Antia&#233;rea y Fuerza A&#233;rea Revolucionaria \">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/san-antonio-de-los-banos\/\">San Antonio de los Ba&#241;os<\/a><span>Artemisa Province (until 2011 Havana Province)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>MUSA<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>05\/23<\/span>3,596 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><span><span>12\/30<\/span>2,482 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><span><span>01\/19<\/span>2,400 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Fighter units of the Western Air Zone<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\">MiG-29 and MiG-29UB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\">MiG-23<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>32nd Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (Soviet Air Forces)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\">MiG-21F-13<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-san-julian-cuba\" data-base=\"san-julian-cuba\" data-x=\"active active Defensa Antia&#233;rea y Fuerza A&#233;rea Revolucionaria \">\n<td>San Juli&#225;n<span>Pinar del R&#237;o Province<\/span><\/td>\n<td>MUSJ<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>01\/19<\/span>2,041 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><span><span>08\/26<\/span>2,584 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-santa-clara\" data-base=\"santa-clara\" data-x=\"active active Central Air Zone, Defensa Antia&#233;rea y Fuerza A&#233;rea Revolucionaria SNU\">\n<td>Santa Clara<span>Villa Clara Province<\/span><\/td>\n<td>MUSC<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>08\/26<\/span>3,017 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Helicopter squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mi-17<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mi-24\/Mi-35<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-santiago-de-cuba\" data-base=\"santiago-de-cuba\" data-x=\"active active Civil airport SCU\">\n<td>Santiago de Cuba<small>Antonio Maceo Airport<\/small><span>Santiago de Cuba Province<\/span><\/td>\n<td>MUCU<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>10\/28<\/span>4,002 m<\/span><span><span>01\/19<\/span>1,400 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-ciudad-libertad\" data-base=\"ciudad-libertad\" data-x=\"active closed Former air force station in Havana \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Ciudad Libertad<small>Columbia<\/small><span>Havana (Playa municipality)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>MULB<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>08\/26<\/span>2,065 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"basefind\">No air base matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"oob\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Order of battle<\/div>\n<h2>Who is stationed where in the Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Flying units by base, current units first. <span class=\"imp\">Cuba does not publish regiment numbers, so units are listed as English Wikipedia describes them: the Western Air Zone&rsquo;s fighters at San Antonio de los Ba&#241;os, a helicopter squadron at Santa Clara and executive and transport flying at Playa Baracoa.<\/span> The Soviet 32nd Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment of 1962&ndash;1963 is listed and marked as not Cuban. Where accounts disagree, as on where that regiment&rsquo;s MiG-21s were based, the entry says so.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"unitfind\" data-filter=\"#oobwrap\" data-item=\".oob\" data-noun=\"installations\" placeholder=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" aria-label=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"unitfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"unitfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"oobwrap\" id=\"oobwrap\">\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Artemisa Province (until 2011 Havana Province) active Western Air Zone, Defensa Antia&#233;rea y Fuerza A&#233;rea Revolucionaria\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/san-antonio-de-los-banos\/\">San Antonio de los Ba&#241;os Air Base<\/a> &middot; MUSA<\/span><em>Western Air Zone, Defensa Antia&#233;rea y Fuerza A&#233;rea Revolucionaria<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Fighter units of the Western Air Zone<small>Fighter units &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\">MiG-29 and MiG-29UB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\">MiG-23<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">32nd Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (Soviet Air Forces)<small>1962&ndash;1963<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">MiG-21F-13<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Villa Clara Province active Central Air Zone, Defensa Antia&#233;rea y Fuerza A&#233;rea Revolucionaria\">\n<div><span>Santa Clara &middot; MUSC<\/span><em>Central Air Zone, Defensa Antia&#233;rea y Fuerza A&#233;rea Revolucionaria<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Helicopter squadron<small>Helicopter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mi-17<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mi-24\/Mi-35<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Artemisa Province (Caimito municipality) active Defensa Antia&#233;rea y Fuerza A&#233;rea Revolucionaria\">\n<div><span>Playa Baracoa &middot; MUPB<\/span><em>Defensa Antia&#233;rea y Fuerza A&#233;rea Revolucionaria<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Executive and transport flying<small>Transport units &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Yak-40, An-26, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mi-8<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"unitfind\">No unit matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force milestones, 1914 to today<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1913<\/div>\n<p>5 July: the Cuerpo de Aviaci&#243;n del Ej&#233;rcito de Cuba is formed with one Curtiss F flying boat.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1919<\/div>\n<p>18 May: the first squadron forms with nine Curtiss JN-4D Jennies.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1952<\/div>\n<p>23 April: after Batista&rsquo;s coup the corps becomes the Fuerza A&#233;rea del Ej&#233;rcito de Cuba (FAEC), recombining army and naval flying.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1958<\/div>\n<p>The FAEC buys 17 refurbished Hawker Sea Furies as the revolution spreads.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1959<\/div>\n<p>1 January: Batista flees; the revolutionary air force is formed from the FAEC and the rebels&rsquo; Fuerza A&#233;rea Rebelde.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1961<\/div>\n<p>15&ndash;19 April: exile B-26s strike three airfields; the surviving FAR aircraft sink the Rio Escondido and damage the Houston at the Bay of Pigs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1961<\/div>\n<p>Late May: the first MiG-15s arrive; Enrique Carreras makes the first Cuban MiG flight on 24 June.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1962<\/div>\n<p>A Soviet regiment brings about 40 MiG-21F-13s; 42 Il-28s are received and later withdrawn. 27 October: a Soviet SA-2 battery shoots down a US U-2 near Banes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1963<\/div>\n<p>10 August: the first Cuban MiG-21 regiment is formed after the Soviet regiment hands over its aircraft.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1969<\/div>\n<p>5 October: Lieutenant Eduardo Guerra Jim&#233;nez lands a MiG-17 at Homestead AFB, Florida, undetected.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1975<\/div>\n<p>December: Cuban MiG-17s and MiG-21MFs deploy to Angola.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1977<\/div>\n<p>December: a Cuban MiG-21 squadron deploys to Ethiopia during the Ogaden war.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1978<\/div>\n<p>September: the first MiG-23BNs arrive at San Antonio de los Ba&#241;os.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1987<\/div>\n<p>28 May: Brigadier General Rafael del Pino, deputy chief of the air force, defects to Key West in a Cessna 402.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1988<\/div>\n<p>27 June: Cuban MiG-23s bomb the Calueque dam in southern Angola.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1989<\/div>\n<p>October: the first of 14 MiG-29s arrive; the planned total of 45 is never reached.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1996<\/div>\n<p>24 February: a MiG-29UB shoots down two Brothers to the Rescue Cessna 337s; four men are killed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>20 May: the US Justice Department charges Ra&#250;l Castro and five others over the 1996 shoot-down; FlightGlobal&rsquo;s directory lists no Cuban fighter in day-to-day use.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Combat record<\/div>\n<h2>The Cuban air force in combat, 1956 to 1996<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Sorties and losses where the record gives them, and an honest blank where it does not.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip dark\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>6<\/b><span>conflicts<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1956<\/b><span>First<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Aircraft lost<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Killed<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"gl cml\">\n<li><b>The Cuban Revolution<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1956&ndash;1958<\/span> Supported Batista&rsquo;s army against the rebel columns with bombers, fighters and transports<\/li>\n<li><b>The Bay of Pigs invasion<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1961<\/span> Survived the opening air strike and then attacked the invasion fleet and the exile B-26s<\/li>\n<li><b>The Cuban missile crisis<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1962<\/span> Dispersed its MiG-15s and MiG-19s and ordered anti-aircraft fire on low-flying US reconnaissance aircraft; Soviet units operated the MiG-21s, Il-28s and SA-2s<\/li>\n<li><b>The Cuban intervention in Angola<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1975&ndash;1991<\/span> Flew air defence, ground attack and transport for the Angolan government (MPLA) against the FNLA, UNITA and the South African Defence Force<\/li>\n<li><b>The Ogaden War<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1977&ndash;1978<\/span> A Cuban MiG-21 squadron flew ground attack for Ethiopia against the Somali army<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cbig\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/cuban-revolutionary-air-and-air-defense-force\/combat-record\/\">Open the full combat record<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"news\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">From the magazine<\/div>\n<h2>Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force news from Afterburner<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Everything MiGFlug&rsquo;s magazine has published on the Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force and the aircraft it flies. <span class=\"imp\">This list refreshes itself &mdash; new Afterburner stories appear here automatically.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ngrid\" id=\"newsgrid\" data-cats=\"664,670,666\" data-term=\"cuba\" data-match=\"\\bcuba|bay of pigs|missile crisis\" data-reject=\"Cubana|Airlines|Airways|Air Lines\"><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/four-closest-calls-nuclear-war-korea-berlin-cuba-able-archer\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph13\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-25\">25 August 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Nuclear Close Calls: Korea, Berlin, Cuba and Able Archer 83<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">Korea, Berlin, Cuba and Able Archer 83. Four times the Cold War nearly became a third world war, and the individuals who stopped it.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/f-101-voodoo-cuban-missile-crisis-recon\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph14\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-07-30\">30 July 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">The F-101 Voodoo: The Treetop Spy Camera Over Cuba<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">The F-101 Voodoo flew unarmed, treetop-height photo runs over Cuba in 1962, set transcontinental speed records, and carried a nuclear&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/rudolf-anderson-u2-shootdown-cuban-missile-crisis\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph15\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-07-06\">6 July 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">The Only Man Killed by Enemy Fire in the Cuban Missile Crisis<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">On the morning of Saturday, 27 October 1962, Major Rudolf &quot;Rudy&quot; Anderson Jr. was sealed into his pressure suit at McCoy Air&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/mig-killers-and-missile-crisis-the-f-8-crusaders-combat-record-deserves-a-closer-look\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph16\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-06-29\">29 June 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">MiG Killers and Missile Crisis: The F-8 Crusader&rsquo;s Combat Record Deserves a Closer Look<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">We have written before about the F-8 Crusader&rsquo;s legendary status as the &quot;Last of the Gunfighters&quot; &mdash; the Navy jet that&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"nmore\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/\">All stories in Afterburner<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about the Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What is the Cuban air force called in Spanish?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Defensa Antia&#233;rea y Fuerza A&#233;rea Revolucionaria, abbreviated DAAFAR &mdash; literally Air Defence and Revolutionary Air Force. The English name used here, Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force, is the current title of the English Wikipedia article on the service (confirmed 1 October 2026), which spells the Spanish &quot;Defensa Anti-A&#233;rea&quot;. Its predecessors were the Cuerpo de Aviaci&#243;n of 1913 and Batista&rsquo;s Fuerza A&#233;rea del Ej&#233;rcito de Cuba of 1952.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What aircraft does the Cuban air force fly in 2026?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Very few. FlightGlobal&rsquo;s 2026 directory lists only four An-24\/26 transports, nine Mi-8\/17 and four Mi-35 helicopters and three <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/l-39-albatros\/\">L-39 Albatros<\/a> trainers in day-to-day use. Cuba still holds <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\">MiG-29s<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\">MiG-23s<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\">MiG-21s<\/a>, but FlightGlobal and Wikipedia both treat them as non-operational.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does Cuba still have working MiG-29s?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Probably not. Cuba received 12 MiG-29s and two MiG-29UB trainers from October 1989 before the Soviet collapse stopped deliveries. FlightGlobal counted five in operation in 2022; Wikipedia, citing FlightGlobal&rsquo;s 2026 directory, says none are operational and all are in storage. Cuba publishes no figures of its own.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What did the Cuban air force do at the Bay of Pigs?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It survived. The exile B-26 strike of 15 April 1961 destroyed several aircraft but, as the Kennedy Library puts it, left most of Castro&rsquo;s air force intact. From 17 April Sea Furies, B-26s and T-33 jets attacked the landing, sinking the Rio Escondido and damaging the Houston; the exile brigade lost nine B-26s by Wikipedia&rsquo;s count and surrendered on 19 April. Pilots such as Rafael del Pino are credited with shooting down B-26s.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did Cuba shoot down the U-2 in the missile crisis?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No. The U-2 of Major Rudolf Anderson was destroyed near Banes on 27 October 1962 by SA-2 missiles fired by Soviet forces. Fidel Castro had ordered Cuban anti-aircraft guns to fire on any US aircraft, and US Navy RF-8 Crusaders were fired on that day, but the Cuban air force itself scrambled only once during the crisis, according to Rafael Lima&rsquo;s account.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did Cuban pilots fight in Angola?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes, from December 1975 to the late 1980s, flying MiG-17s, MiG-21s and later MiG-23MLs for the Angolan government. They fought the South African Air Force: South Africa shot down a Cuban MiG-21 on 6 November 1981, and Cuban MiG-23s damaged a South African Mirage F1 on 27 September 1987 and bombed the Calueque dam on 27 June 1988. Both sides&rsquo; kill claims differ and few are independently confirmed.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why did Cuba shoot down the Brothers to the Rescue planes in 1996?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Cuba said the exile group&rsquo;s aircraft had repeatedly violated its airspace, dropped leaflets over Havana and had been warned. On 24 February 1996 a MiG-29UB shot down two of its Cessna 337s, killing four men. The ICAO investigation found both were destroyed in international airspace, and the UN Security Council condemned the shoot-down in Resolution 1067; in May 2026 the US charged Ra&#250;l Castro over it.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Have Cuban military pilots defected to the United States?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Several have. Lieutenant Eduardo Guerra Jim&#233;nez landed a MiG-17 at Homestead AFB undetected on 5 October 1969; Brigadier General Rafael del Pino, deputy chief of the air force, flew a Cessna 402 to Key West on 28 May 1987; Major Orestes Lorenzo P&#233;rez flew a MiG-23BN to Key West on 20 March 1991 and returned in December 1992 in a Cessna 310 to fly his family out. In September 1993 a MiG-21 landed at Key West and a MiG-23 at Guant&#225;namo.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Guant&#225;namo Bay a Cuban air base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No. Guant&#225;namo Bay is a US Navy base held under a 1903 lease with no expiry date; its airfield is Leeward Point Field. Cuba regards the base as illegally occupied and has not cashed the US rent cheques since 1959, apart from one Fidel Castro said was deposited by confusion. Its aircraft are American, not Cuban.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the Cuban air force called in Spanish?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Defensa Antia\\u00e9rea y Fuerza A\\u00e9rea Revolucionaria, abbreviated DAAFAR \\u2014 literally Air Defence and Revolutionary Air Force. The English name used here, Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force, is the current title of the English Wikipedia article on the service (confirmed 1 October 2026), which spells the Spanish \\\"Defensa Anti-A\\u00e9rea\\\". Its predecessors were the Cuerpo de Aviaci\\u00f3n of 1913 and Batista\\u2019s Fuerza A\\u00e9rea del Ej\\u00e9rcito de Cuba of 1952.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What aircraft does the Cuban air force fly in 2026?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Very few. FlightGlobal\\u2019s 2026 directory lists only four An-24\/26 transports, nine Mi-8\/17 and four Mi-35 helicopters and three L-39 Albatros trainers in day-to-day use. Cuba still holds MiG-29s, MiG-23s and MiG-21s, but FlightGlobal and Wikipedia both treat them as non-operational.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does Cuba still have working MiG-29s?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Probably not. Cuba received 12 MiG-29s and two MiG-29UB trainers from October 1989 before the Soviet collapse stopped deliveries. FlightGlobal counted five in operation in 2022; Wikipedia, citing FlightGlobal\\u2019s 2026 directory, says none are operational and all are in storage. Cuba publishes no figures of its own.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What did the Cuban air force do at the Bay of Pigs?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It survived. The exile B-26 strike of 15 April 1961 destroyed several aircraft but, as the Kennedy Library puts it, left most of Castro\\u2019s air force intact. From 17 April Sea Furies, B-26s and T-33 jets attacked the landing, sinking the Rio Escondido and damaging the Houston; the exile brigade lost nine B-26s by Wikipedia\\u2019s count and surrendered on 19 April. Pilots such as Rafael del Pino are credited with shooting down B-26s.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did Cuba shoot down the U-2 in the missile crisis?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. The U-2 of Major Rudolf Anderson was destroyed near Banes on 27 October 1962 by SA-2 missiles fired by Soviet forces. Fidel Castro had ordered Cuban anti-aircraft guns to fire on any US aircraft, and US Navy RF-8 Crusaders were fired on that day, but the Cuban air force itself scrambled only once during the crisis, according to Rafael Lima\\u2019s account.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did Cuban pilots fight in Angola?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, from December 1975 to the late 1980s, flying MiG-17s, MiG-21s and later MiG-23MLs for the Angolan government. They fought the South African Air Force: South Africa shot down a Cuban MiG-21 on 6 November 1981, and Cuban MiG-23s damaged a South African Mirage F1 on 27 September 1987 and bombed the Calueque dam on 27 June 1988. Both sides\\u2019 kill claims differ and few are independently confirmed.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why did Cuba shoot down the Brothers to the Rescue planes in 1996?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Cuba said the exile group\\u2019s aircraft had repeatedly violated its airspace, dropped leaflets over Havana and had been warned. On 24 February 1996 a MiG-29UB shot down two of its Cessna 337s, killing four men. The ICAO investigation found both were destroyed in international airspace, and the UN Security Council condemned the shoot-down in Resolution 1067; in May 2026 the US charged Ra\\u00fal Castro over it.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Have Cuban military pilots defected to the United States?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Several have. Lieutenant Eduardo Guerra Jim\\u00e9nez landed a MiG-17 at Homestead AFB undetected on 5 October 1969; Brigadier General Rafael del Pino, deputy chief of the air force, flew a Cessna 402 to Key West on 28 May 1987; Major Orestes Lorenzo P\\u00e9rez flew a MiG-23BN to Key West on 20 March 1991 and returned in December 1992 in a Cessna 310 to fly his family out. In September 1993 a MiG-21 landed at Key West and a MiG-23 at Guant\\u00e1namo.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Guant\\u00e1namo Bay a Cuban air base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. Guant\\u00e1namo Bay is a US Navy base held under a 1903 lease with no expiry date; its airfield is Leeward Point Field. Cuba regards the base as illegally occupied and has not cashed the US rent cheques since 1959, apart from one Fidel Castro said was deposited by confusion. Its aircraft are American, not Cuban.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"gallery\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Read the aircraft the Cuban Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Force flew<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type with a page in the Book of Beasts, in service first, then by the year it left the fleet.<\/p>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mikoyan MiG-29 and MiG-29UB<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23BN, MF, ML and UB<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21F-13, PFM, MF, bis and UM<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mil Mi-8 and Mi-17<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mil Mi-35 (Mi-24 family)<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/l-39-albatros\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Aero L-39C Albatros<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-15-fagot\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15bis, MiG-15R and MiG-15UTI<\/b><em>1961&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-33-shooting-star\/\"><span class=\"im ph8\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Lockheed T-33A<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/a-26-invader\/\"><span class=\"im ph9\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Douglas B-26 Invader<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-51-mustang\/\"><span class=\"im ph10\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>North American P-51D Mustang<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/t-28-trojan\/\"><span class=\"im ph11\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>North American T-28 Trojan<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-17-fresco\/\"><span class=\"im ph5\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17F and MiG-17AS<\/b><em>1964&ndash;1981<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-19-farmer\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19P<\/b><em>1961&ndash;1966<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-47-thunderbolt\/\"><span class=\"im ph7\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Republic P-47D Thunderbolt<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.laahs.com\/the-cuban-migs\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Latin American Aviation Historical Society: The Cuban MiGs (Rub&#233;n Urribarres, 15 April 2018)<\/a><span>Delivery dates and numbers for every MiG type; Angola and Ethiopia deployments; 1969 and 1991 defections.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/download?ac=113841\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">FlightGlobal: World Air Forces 2026 directory (Craig Hoyle)<\/a><span>Cuba: An-24\/26 4, Mi-8\/17 9, Mi-35 4, L-39 3; no fighters; excludes aircraft not in day-to-day use. Edition identified via Wikipedia&rsquo;s citation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/hrlibrary.umn.edu\/cases\/86-99.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Inter-American Commission on Human Rights: Report No. 86\/99, Case 11.589, Armando Alejandre Jr. et al. v. Cuba (29 September 1999)<\/a><span>Copy at the University of Minnesota Human Rights Library. Findings on the right to life; Cuba did not reply.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/pr\/united-states-unseals-superseding-indictment-charging-raul-castro-and-five-castro-regime-co\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">US Department of Justice: superseding indictment charging Ra&#250;l Castro and five others (20 May 2026)<\/a><span>Defendants, charges, the US account of the shoot-down.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jfklibrary.org\/learn\/about-jfk\/jfk-in-history\/the-bay-of-pigs\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">John F. Kennedy Presidential Library: The Bay of Pigs<\/a><span>US official library account of the air strike, the cancelled second strike, losses and the prisoner exchange.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/air-space-magazine\/cuba-during-the-missile-crisis-31990119\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Air &amp; Space \/ Smithsonian: Cuba During the Missile Crisis (Rafael Lima, November 2012)<\/a><span>1961&ndash;1962 deliveries, bases, the &quot;Fire on the Indians&quot; order, the single scramble.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2026\/1\/5\/cuba-says-32-cubans-killed-during-us-raids-on-venezuela\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Al Jazeera: Cuba says 32 Cubans killed during US raids on Venezuela (5 January 2026)<\/a><span>Cuba&rsquo;s statement via Prensa Latina.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2026\/2\/26\/us-to-allow-venezuelan-oil-sales-to-cuba-as-alarm-grows-in-the-caribbean\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Al Jazeera: US to allow Venezuelan oil sales to Cuba as alarm grows in the Caribbean (26 February 2026)<\/a><span>Licence excludes entities tied to the Cuban military; fuel shortages including aviation fuel.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.infobae.com\/2013\/08\/27\/1504561-murio-el-jefe-la-fuerza-aerea-cuba-un-accidente\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Infobae: Muri&#243; el jefe de la Fuerza A&#233;rea de Cuba en un accidente (27 August 2013)<\/a><span>Division General Pedro Mendiondo G&#243;mez, head of the DAAFAR, died aged 68 of injuries from a road accident in August 2013.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-10-01. Order of Battle pages are regenerated from a single dataset; if a number here disagrees with a Book of Beasts page, this page is the more recent of the two.<\/p>\n<p class=\"verified\">Photographs: Photo: ZemplinTemplar \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Landolso \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0) &middot; Photo: SGT. Kimberly Yearyean \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Staff Sgt. Manuel J. Martinez \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Balon Greyjoy \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0) &middot; Photo: SDASM Archives \/ Wikimedia Commons (No restrictions) &middot; Photo: Greg Goebel \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: United States Air Force \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Tony Hisgett \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w17-hero-cuban-revolutionary-air-and-air-defense-force.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w16-cu-t-1177.jpg)!important}#mfam 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