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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; United States<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"mlogo\"><span class=\"li ph2\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Rockwell International logo\" style=\"width:113px;height:46px\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h1>Rockwell International<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">North American Rockwell Corporation (1967&ndash;1973) &middot; Rockwell International Corporation (1973&ndash;1995) &middot; Rockwell (from 1995)<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">A truck-axle fortune swallowed North American Aviation and became America&rsquo;s biggest defence and NASA contractor &mdash; builder of the B-1 bomber and every Space Shuttle orbiter &mdash; then sold its wings to Boeing.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1967<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/boeing\/\">Boeing<\/a> in 1996<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>10<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>9<\/b><span>Air forces flying its types<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Sgt. Ariel J. Solomon \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>United States<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1967<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founders<\/b>Willard F. Rockwell<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; later El Segundo, Seal Beach and Costa Mesa, California<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Owner<\/b>Aerospace and defence units sold to Boeing in December 1996<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/boeing\/\">Boeing<\/a> in 1996<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Rockwell International: the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The axle king<\/h3>\n<p>Few aircraft companies have stranger roots. Willard Rockwell, born in Boston in 1888, made his fortune in 1919 with a new bearing system for truck axles. His business grew through mergers with Timken-Detroit Axle and the Standard Steel Spring Company into Rockwell-Standard, a Pittsburgh maker of axles, springs and brakes. Alongside it, the family&rsquo;s Rockwell Manufacturing Company made valves, gas meters and power tools; in 1966 it introduced <span class=\"imp\">the world&rsquo;s first power mitre saw<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Buying North American<\/h3>\n<p>In September 1967 Rockwell-Standard merged with North American Aviation of Los Angeles, the company of the Mustang, the Sabre and the X-15. The new North American Rockwell inherited a dark legacy: eight months earlier, three astronauts had died in a fire aboard a North American-built Apollo command module. The company rebuilt the spacecraft, and its Apollo modules carried crews to the Moon. In 1973, after buying the avionics maker Collins Radio, the group merged with Rockwell Manufacturing and took the name <span class=\"imp\">Rockwell International<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The bomber that would not die<\/h3>\n<p>Its signature aircraft was the B-1. Rockwell won the contest for a bomber that would combine the speed of the B-58 with the range of the B-52, and the first B-1A flew on 23 December 1974, later reaching Mach 2.22. On 30 June 1977 President Carter cancelled it in favour of cruise missiles and, secretly, stealth. Ronald Reagan campaigned on the decision, and on 2 October 1981 announced an order for 100 B-1Bs. All were delivered by 1988. <span class=\"imp\">The Bone<\/span> first saw combat over Iraq in 1998 and was still one of the US Air Force&rsquo;s three strategic bomber types in 2026.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Building the Shuttle<\/h3>\n<p>Rockwell was also the prime contractor for the Space Shuttle orbiter. All six orbiters &mdash; Enterprise, Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis and Endeavour &mdash; were assembled at Palmdale, California, with crew cabins and fuselages from Downey, payload bay doors from Tulsa and body flaps from Columbus, Ohio. Its Rocketdyne division built the Shuttle main engines. Columbia first flew in 1981. By the 1980s, under chief executive Bob Anderson, Rockwell had become <span class=\"imp\">the largest US defence contractor and the largest NASA contractor<\/span>, with more than 115,000 employees.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Selling the wings<\/h3>\n<p>There were shadows. Rockwell ran the Rocky Flats nuclear weapons plant near Denver from 1975 to 1990, where it made plutonium triggers; mismanagement there was investigated by a special grand jury, and a homeowners&rsquo; lawsuit against Rockwell and Dow Chemical was settled for $375 million in 2016. Under Donald Beall the company turned towards electronics. It renamed itself Rockwell in 1995 and in December 1996 sold its aerospace and defence businesses, including the old North American Aviation, to <span class=\"imp\">Boeing<\/span>. What remained split in 2001 into Rockwell Automation and Rockwell Collins.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">one of the most difficult decisions that I&rsquo;ve made since I&rsquo;ve been in office<cite>Jimmy Carter &middot; US President, announcing cancellation of the B-1A, 30 June 1977<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">They&rsquo;re breaking out the vodka and caviar in Moscow.<cite>Robert Dornan &middot; US Congressman, reacting to the B-1A cancellation, 1977<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Rockwell International in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>Formed 1967<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>North American Rockwell formed by merger of Rockwell-Standard and North American Aviation, September 1967<\/li>\n<li>Renamed Rockwell International in 1973 after merging with Rockwell Manufacturing<\/li>\n<li>Bought Collins Radio (1973) and Allen-Bradley (1985, $1.6 billion)<\/li>\n<li>Peak workforce of more than 115,000<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>B-1, Space Shuttle<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>100 B-1B bombers plus four B-1A prototypes<\/li>\n<li>All six Space Shuttle orbiters<\/li>\n<li>OV-10 Bronco, Sabreliner business jet, Commander light aircraft<\/li>\n<li>X-31 thrust-vectoring research jet with MBB<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>Part of Boeing<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Aerospace and defence sold to Boeing in December 1996<\/li>\n<li>Remaining company split into Rockwell Automation and Rockwell Collins in 2001<\/li>\n<li>Rockwell Collins now part of RTX (as Collins Aerospace)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Rockwell Automation is the legal successor of Rockwell International; the aircraft lineage passed to Boeing.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Employees<\/dt>\n<dd>more than 115,000<span class=\"gnote\">1980s<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Annual sales<\/dt>\n<dd>about $12 billion<span class=\"gnote\">1980s<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Fortune 500 rank<\/dt>\n<dd>No. 27<span class=\"gnote\">1980s<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>B-1B bombers delivered<\/dt>\n<dd>100<span class=\"gnote\">1985&ndash;1988<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Space Shuttle orbiters built<\/dt>\n<dd>6<\/dd>\n<dt>Rocky Flats settlement (with Dow Chemical)<\/dt>\n<dd>$375 million<span class=\"gnote\">2016<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable Rockwell International aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ov-10-bronco\/\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco<\/b><em>Light attack and observation &middot; first flight 1965<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-1-lancer\/\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Rockwell B-1B Lancer<\/b><em>Heavy bomber &middot; first flight 1984 &middot; 100 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"pcred\">Photos: TSgt. Hans H. Deffner, USAF &#183; Public domain; U.S. Air Force \/ MSgt Lance Cheung &#183; Public domain<\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>North American Sabreliner \/ T-39<\/td>\n<td>Business jet and military trainer<\/td>\n<td>1958<\/td>\n<td>more than 800<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Designed by North American Aviation; marketed as the Rockwell Sabreliner; about 200 were military T-39s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ov-10-bronco\/\">North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Light attack and observation<\/td>\n<td>1965<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First aircraft designed specifically for counter-insurgency; prototype flew under North American Aviation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Aero Commander \/ Shrike Commander<\/td>\n<td>Light twin<\/td>\n<td>1948<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Aero Commander line became a Rockwell division; final production 1986 under Gulfstream<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rockwell Commander 112\/114<\/td>\n<td>Four-seat light aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1970<\/td>\n<td>about 1,300<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>About 1,490 including later Commander Aircraft production to 2002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rockwell B-1A<\/td>\n<td>Strategic bomber prototype<\/td>\n<td>1974<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Reached Mach 2.22; cancelled by President Carter in 1977<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rockwell XFV-12<\/td>\n<td>Supersonic VTOL fighter prototype<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Built 1977; never achieved an untethered vertical take-off<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Space Shuttle orbiter<\/td>\n<td>Reusable spaceplane<\/td>\n<td>1977<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Enterprise glide tests 1977; Columbia first launched 1981<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-1-lancer\/\">Rockwell B-1B Lancer<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Heavy bomber<\/td>\n<td>1984<\/td>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>45 still operated in 2025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rockwell-MBB X-31<\/td>\n<td>Thrust-vectoring research aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1990<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>US&ndash;German Enhanced Fighter Maneuverability programme<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rockwell Ranger 2000<\/td>\n<td>Jet trainer prototype<\/td>\n<td>1993<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>JPATS candidate based on the RFB Fantrainer; prototypes built in Germany<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"operators\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Who flies them<\/div>\n<h2>Rockwell International aircraft in the world&rsquo;s air forces<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">9 air forces in the Order of Battle fly or flew Rockwell International types. <span class=\"imp\">3 of them still have one in service.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"optbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Air force<\/th>\n<th>In service<\/th>\n<th>Formerly flown<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/canadian-state-aviation\/\">Canadian State Air Services<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Rockwell Turbo Commander (bird dog), Rockwell Twin Commander (bird dog) &mdash; Manitoba<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/honduran-air-force\/\">Honduran Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Rockwell Turbo Commander<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-states-air-force\/\">United States Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/b-1-lancer\/\">Rockwell B-1B Lancer<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/bolivarian-military-aviation-of-venezuela\/\">Bolivarian Military Aviation of Venezuela<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ov-10-bronco\/\" class=\"was\">North American Rockwell OV-10E and OV-10A Bronco<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/colombian-aerospace-force\/\">Colombian Aerospace Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ov-10-bronco\/\" class=\"was\">North American Rockwell OV-10A\/D Bronco<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/indonesian-air-force\/\">Indonesian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ov-10-bronco\/\" class=\"was\">North American Rockwell OV-10F Bronco<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/philippine-air-force\/\">Philippine Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ov-10-bronco\/\" class=\"was\">North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-thai-air-force\/\">Royal Thai Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ov-10-bronco\/\" class=\"was\">North American Rockwell OV-10C Bronco<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-states-marine-corps-aviation\/\">United States Marine Corps Aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ov-10-bronco\/\" class=\"was\">North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where Rockwell International built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Palmdale (Air Force Plant 42)<\/b> &middot; Palmdale, California &mdash; Final assembly of the B-1B and all Space Shuttle orbiters<\/li>\n<li><b>Downey plant<\/b> &middot; Downey, California &mdash; Shuttle crew cabin, thermal protection and fuselage sections; Apollo spacecraft<\/li>\n<li><b>Tulsa plant<\/b> &middot; Tulsa, Oklahoma &mdash; Shuttle payload bay doors<\/li>\n<li><b>Columbus plant<\/b> &middot; Columbus, Ohio &mdash; Shuttle body flap<\/li>\n<li><b>Rockwell International Science Center<\/b> &middot; Thousand Oaks, California &mdash; Research laboratory founded by North American in 1962; invented MOVPE; sold to Teledyne in 2006<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Willard F. Rockwell<\/b> &middot; founder &mdash; Axle inventor (1888&ndash;1978) whose companies grew into Rockwell International<\/li>\n<li><b>Willard Rockwell Jr.<\/b> &middot; chief executive &mdash; Steered the group into aerospace; stepped down in 1979<\/li>\n<li><b>Robert Anderson<\/b> &middot; chief executive, 1979&ndash;1988 &mdash; Led Rockwell to become the largest US defence and NASA contractor<\/li>\n<li><b>Donald R. Beall<\/b> &middot; chief executive from 1988 &mdash; Shifted the company towards electronics and sold aerospace to Boeing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Records and firsts<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>B-1A reached Mach 2.22 in flight test<\/li>\n<li>Built all six Space Shuttle orbiters<\/li>\n<li>Largest US defence contractor and largest NASA contractor in the 1980s<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Rockwell International, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1919<\/div>\n<p>Willard Rockwell launches his truck-axle bearing business<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1967<\/div>\n<p>Rockwell-Standard and North American Aviation merge as North American Rockwell<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1973<\/div>\n<p>Collins Radio acquired; company renamed Rockwell International<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1974<\/div>\n<p>First flight of the B-1A<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1975<\/div>\n<p>Rockwell takes over the Rocky Flats weapons plant (to 1990)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1977<\/div>\n<p>Enterprise begins Shuttle approach and landing tests<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1977<\/div>\n<p>President Carter cancels the B-1A<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1981<\/div>\n<p>Columbia makes the first Space Shuttle flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1981<\/div>\n<p>President Reagan orders 100 B-1Bs<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1984<\/div>\n<p>First production B-1B flies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1985<\/div>\n<p>Allen-Bradley acquired for $1.6 billion<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1988<\/div>\n<p>Last of 100 B-1Bs delivered<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1990<\/div>\n<p>First flight of the X-31<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1995<\/div>\n<p>Company rebrands as Rockwell<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1996<\/div>\n<p>Aerospace and defence businesses sold to Boeing<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2001<\/div>\n<p>Remainder split into Rockwell Automation and Rockwell Collins<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"lineage\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The family tree<\/div>\n<h2>Before and after Rockwell International<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/north-american-aviation\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came before<\/span><span class=\"rh\">North American Aviation<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Merged with Rockwell-Standard in September 1967<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the North American Aviation page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/aero-commander\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came before<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Aero Commander<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Became a Rockwell division in the 1960s<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Aero Commander page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/boeing\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Boeing<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Bought Rockwell&rsquo;s aerospace and defence units in December 1996<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Boeing page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Rockwell International<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Who built the B-1 Lancer?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Rockwell International, which won the B-1 contract as North American Rockwell. The B-1 programme passed to Boeing in 1996.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did Rockwell build the Space Shuttle?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Rockwell was prime contractor for the orbiter and assembled all six at Palmdale, California; its Rocketdyne division built the main engines.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to Rockwell International?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It sold its aerospace and defence units to Boeing in December 1996 and split the remainder into Rockwell Automation and Rockwell Collins in 2001.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Rockwell the same as North American Aviation?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">North American Aviation merged with Rockwell-Standard in 1967 to form North American Rockwell, renamed Rockwell International in 1973.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why was the B-1A cancelled?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">President Carter cancelled it in June 1977 over cost, the rise of air-launched cruise missiles and secret stealth bomber work. Reagan revived it as the B-1B in 1981.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who built the B-1 Lancer?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Rockwell International, which won the B-1 contract as North American Rockwell. 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Reagan revived it as the B-1B in 1981.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Rockwell International<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/bell\/\"><span class=\"rk\">United States<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Bell<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The Buffalo firm that built America&rsquo;s first jet fighter and the first aircraft through the sound barrier reinvented itself as the helicopter company &mdash; and&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Bell page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/cessna\/\"><span class=\"rk\">United States<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Cessna<\/span><span class=\"rp\">A Kansas farm boy&rsquo;s backyard monoplane grew into the company that has built more aeroplanes than anyone &mdash; from the Skyhawk most pilots learn on to the&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Cessna page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rockwell_International\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Rockwell International &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_American_Aviation\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">North American Aviation &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rockwell_B-1_Lancer\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Rockwell B-1 Lancer &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Shuttle_orbiter\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Space Shuttle orbiter &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rockwell_Commander_112\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Rockwell Commander 112 &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_American_Sabreliner\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">North American Sabreliner &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_American_Rockwell_OV-10_Bronco\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aero_Commander_500_family\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aero Commander 500 family &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rockwell_XFV-12\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Rockwell XFV-12 &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rockwell-MBB_X-31\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Rockwell-MBB X-31 &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rockwell_Ranger_2000\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Rockwell Ranger 2000 &ndash; Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam 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