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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; United Kingdom<\/div>\n<h1>Supermarine<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Pemberton-Billing Ltd &middot; Supermarine Aviation Works Ltd &middot; Supermarine Aviation Works (Vickers) Ltd<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">A yacht dealer&rsquo;s telegram address became the name of the firm that won the Schneider Trophy outright, built the Spitfire, survived the Luftwaffe flattening its works and finished as a jet-fighter maker.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1913<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/vickers\/\">Vickers<\/a> in 1960<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>24<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>28<\/b><span>Air forces flying its types<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Royal Air Force Spitfire. ChowellsNoise reduction and shadows lifted by Diliff. \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.5)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>United Kingdom<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1913<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founders<\/b>Noel Pemberton Billing, Hubert Scott-Paine, Alfred Delves de Broughton<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Woolston, Southampton (Oakbank Wharf, River Itchen); Hursley Park, near Winchester, from December 1940; South Marston, Wiltshire, from 1957<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Owner<\/b>Vickers (from 1928); British Aircraft Corporation from 1960; heritage now with BAE Systems<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/vickers\/\">Vickers<\/a> in 1960<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Supermarine: the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">A telegram address that became a legend<\/h3>\n<p>Before Supermarine was an aircraft company it was a word on a telegram form. In 1913 Noel Pemberton Billing &mdash; boxer, actor, Boer War veteran and yacht dealer &mdash; bet Frederick Handley Page &pound;500 that he could earn a pilot&rsquo;s licence within 24 hours of first sitting in an aeroplane. He won, and used the money to start an aircraft business on the River Itchen at Woolston, Southampton. For its telegraphic address he registered <span class=\"imp\">Supermarine, Southampton<\/span>: the opposite of submarine, a boat that would go above the sea. The company itself was registered as Pemberton-Billing Ltd on 27 June 1914, with Hubert Scott-Paine running the works.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The MP who wanted a boat that flies<\/h3>\n<p>Billing&rsquo;s first machine, the P.B.1 flying boat, almost certainly never flew; he said he had wanted a boat that would fly rather than an aircraft that would float. When war came the firm nearly died &mdash; 80 per cent of the staff were laid off, leaving 14 &mdash; and survived on licence work and anti-Zeppelin quadruplanes such as the Nighthawk. In 1916 Billing was elected to Parliament and began attacking the Royal Aircraft Factory. To keep the Admiralty sweet, the directors bought him out for about &pound;12,500, and on 27 June 1916 the company became <span class=\"imp\">Supermarine Aviation Works Ltd<\/span>. Billing went on to a notorious 1918 libel trial; Supermarine went on to flying boats.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Racing for the Schneider Trophy<\/h3>\n<p>In 1917 Scott-Paine hired a personal assistant from a Staffordshire locomotive works: Reginald Mitchell. By 1919, aged 24, Mitchell was chief designer. Supermarine was then the only British firm dedicated to flying boats, and its showcase was the Schneider Trophy. In 1922 at Naples the Sea Lion II, flown by Henri Biard, beat the Italians and stopped them taking the trophy for good. Mitchell then abandoned flying boats for slim monoplane floatplanes: the S.5 finished first and second at Venice in 1927, the Rolls-Royce-powered S.6 won in 1929, and in 1931 the S.6B won Britain the trophy outright. Soon afterwards an S.6B became <span class=\"imp\">the first aircraft over 400 mph<\/span>, reaching 407.5 mph.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Vickers, Barnes Wallis and the loft<\/h3>\n<p>The money came from less glamorous machines. The Southampton flying boat of 1925 sold 83 copies and pushed sales from &pound;137,683 in 1923 to &pound;403,868 in 1927. In 1928 Vickers bought the firm for &pound;390,000. Its managers found Supermarine profitable but untidy, and sent their engineer Barnes Wallis to reform the design office while Mitchell was on his Christmas holiday in 1929. Mitchell came back, found Wallis at his desk, and moved him to <span class=\"imp\">a disused loft in a remote corner of the works<\/span> with orders that nobody make him comfortable. Faced with Mitchell&rsquo;s threat to resign, Vickers recalled Wallis to Weybridge.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The Spitfire<\/h3>\n<p>Mitchell&rsquo;s first fighter, the Type 224, was a disappointment, and in 1933 he had surgery for rectal cancer. He kept working, learned to fly, and redrew the fighter as the Type 300, with a thin elliptical wing shaped with aerodynamicist Beverley Shenstone and the new Rolls-Royce Merlin. It flew from Eastleigh on 5 March 1936 and three months later the Air Ministry ordered 310. Vickers&rsquo; Sir Robert McLean named it after his spirited daughter, a little spitfire; Mitchell reportedly thought it a silly name. He died on 11 June 1937, aged 42. More than 20,000 Spitfires followed, <span class=\"imp\">the only Allied fighter in production for the whole war<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">September 1940: the works destroyed<\/h3>\n<p>Supermarine&rsquo;s riverside works were an obvious target. On 24 September 1940 a low-level raid killed 42 people, many in a shelter under a railway embankment. Two days later about 60 Heinkel He 111s and their escorts dropped more than 70 tons of bombs; the Woolston works were wrecked beyond repair and 55 more people died. Lord Beaverbrook ordered complete dispersal. Design moved to Hursley Park, near Winchester, and production scattered into bus depots, garages, a laundry and part of a steamroller factory across Hampshire, Wiltshire and Berkshire. Output halved for two quarters, then recovered: <span class=\"imp\">8,000 Spitfires came out of the dispersed workshops<\/span> by the end of the war, while Castle Bromwich built 12,129 more.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Into the jet age, and out of the name<\/h3>\n<p>Under Mitchell&rsquo;s successor Joe Smith, the Spitfire went from Merlin to Griffon, and the Spiteful and Seafang tried to replace it with a new wing. The jet engine made both obsolete, so Smith grafted the Spiteful wing onto a Nene-powered fuselage to make the Attacker, the first jet fighter in Fleet Air Arm squadron service. The swept-wing Swift followed, troubled as a fighter but a record-breaker: on 26 September 1953 Mike Lithgow flew one at 735.7 mph near Tripoli. The Scimitar, delivered from 1957, was the last aircraft to carry the name. When Vickers-Armstrongs (Aircraft) joined the British Aircraft Corporation in 1960, <span class=\"imp\">the Supermarine name was dropped<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">wanted a boat which would fly rather than an aircraft that would float<cite>Noel Pemberton Billing &middot; founder, on the P.B.1 flying boat, 1914<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">just the sort of bloody silly name they would choose<cite>R. J. Mitchell &middot; chief designer, reported reaction to the name Spitfire, as quoted by Leo McKinstry, Spitfire: Portrait of a Legend (2007)<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Supermarine in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>Founded 1913<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Founded at Woolston, Southampton, by Noel Pemberton Billing; registered as Pemberton-Billing Ltd on 27 June 1914<\/li>\n<li>Renamed Supermarine Aviation Works Ltd on 27 June 1916<\/li>\n<li>Bought by Vickers for &pound;390,000 in 1928<\/li>\n<li>Name dropped when Vickers-Armstrongs (Aircraft) joined BAC in 1960<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>Spitfire<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Famous types: Spitfire, Seafire, Walrus, Southampton, S.6B, Swift, Scimitar<\/li>\n<li>20,351 Spitfires of all variants built<\/li>\n<li>Schneider Trophy won 1922, 1927, 1929 and 1931<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>Heritage with BAE Systems<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Last Supermarine aircraft, the Scimitar, delivered 1957<\/li>\n<li>The listed slipway at Woolston is all that survives of the works<\/li>\n<li>Airworthy Spitfires still fly in private and military hands<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">The Supermarine name has since been reused by unrelated firms making Spitfire parts, replicas and motor yachts.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Spitfires built (all variants)<\/dt>\n<dd>20,351<\/dd>\n<dt>Spitfires built at Castle Bromwich<\/dt>\n<dd>12,129<span class=\"gnote\">1940&ndash;1945<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Spitfires built in the dispersed Southampton workshops<\/dt>\n<dd>about 8,000<span class=\"gnote\">1940&ndash;1945<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Southampton-area workforce<\/dt>\n<dd>about 10,000, half of them women<span class=\"gnote\">1944<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Price paid by Vickers<\/dt>\n<dd>&pound;390,000<span class=\"gnote\">1928<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Annual sales<\/dt>\n<dd>&pound;137,683 rising to &pound;403,868<span class=\"gnote\">1923&ndash;1927<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Schneider Trophy victories<\/dt>\n<dd>4 (1922, 1927, 1929, 1931)<\/dd>\n<dt>Killed in the September 1940 raids on the works<\/dt>\n<dd>97 (42 on 24 September, 55 on 26 September)<span class=\"gnote\">1940<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft designed by R. J. Mitchell<\/dt>\n<dd>24<span class=\"gnote\">1920&ndash;1936<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable Supermarine aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-117-nighthawk\/\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Supermarine Nighthawk<\/b><em>Anti-Zeppelin quadruplane fighter &middot; first flight 1917 &middot; 1 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Supermarine Seagull<\/b><em>Amphibian fleet spotter &middot; first flight 1921 &middot; 34 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Supermarine Walrus<\/b><em>Amphibian, catapult spotter and rescue &middot; first flight 1933 &middot; 740 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph5\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Supermarine Stranraer<\/b><em>General-purpose flying boat &middot; first flight 1934 &middot; 57 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\"><span class=\"im ph6\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Supermarine Spitfire<\/b><em>Fighter and reconnaissance aircraft &middot; first flight 1936 &middot; 20,351 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph7\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Supermarine Sea Otter<\/b><em>Amphibian, rescue and liaison &middot; first flight 1938 &middot; 292 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><span class=\"acard\"><span class=\"im ph8\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Supermarine Seafire<\/b><em>Carrier fighter &middot; first flight 1942 &middot; 2,646 built<\/em><\/span><\/span><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-scimitar\/\"><span class=\"im ph9\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Supermarine Scimitar<\/b><em>Carrier strike fighter &middot; first flight 1956 &middot; 76 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"pcred\">Photos: Senior Master Sgt. Kim Frey &#183; U.S. Air Force; Alan Wilson from Stilton, Peterborough, Cambs, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0); Hugh Llewelyn from Keynsham, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0); Adrian Pingstone (Arpingstone) &#183; Public domain; Official UK government photographer \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0); Royal Navy official photographer \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain); RuthAS &#183; CC BY-SA 3.0<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"acfind\" data-filter=\"#mfrtbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"aircraft\" placeholder=\"Search aircraft, roles, years\" aria-label=\"Search aircraft, roles, years\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"acfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"acfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-117-nighthawk\/\">Supermarine Nighthawk<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Anti-Zeppelin quadruplane fighter<\/td>\n<td>1917<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Carried a recoilless Davis gun and a searchlight with its own engine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Supermarine Baby<\/td>\n<td>Flying-boat fighter<\/td>\n<td>1917<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Rebuilt as the Sea Lion racer for 1919<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Supermarine Channel<\/td>\n<td>Civil flying boat<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Converted from surplus AD Flying Boats; sold to Chile, Japan, New Zealand, Norway and Sweden<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Supermarine Seagull<\/td>\n<td>Amphibian fleet spotter<\/td>\n<td>1921<\/td>\n<td>34<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Supermarine Sea Lion II<\/td>\n<td>Schneider Trophy racing flying boat<\/td>\n<td>1922<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Won the 1922 Schneider Trophy at Naples<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Supermarine Sea Eagle<\/td>\n<td>Civil amphibian<\/td>\n<td>1923<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Opened the Southampton&ndash;Guernsey service on 25 September 1923<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Supermarine Southampton<\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol flying boat<\/td>\n<td>1925<\/td>\n<td>83<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Mk II introduced metal hulls<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Supermarine S.4<\/td>\n<td>Racing seaplane<\/td>\n<td>1925<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Set a world seaplane speed record of 226.75 mph; crashed before the 1925 race<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Supermarine S.5<\/td>\n<td>Racing seaplane<\/td>\n<td>1927<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First and second at Venice, 1927<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Supermarine S.6<\/td>\n<td>Racing seaplane<\/td>\n<td>1929<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Won the 1929 Schneider Trophy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Supermarine S.6B<\/td>\n<td>Racing seaplane<\/td>\n<td>1931<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Won the trophy outright and set a 407.5 mph world speed record, 1931<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Supermarine Scapa<\/td>\n<td>Reconnaissance flying boat<\/td>\n<td>1932<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Supermarine Walrus<\/td>\n<td>Amphibian, catapult spotter and rescue<\/td>\n<td>1933<\/td>\n<td>740<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Total includes Saunders-Roe production<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Supermarine Stranraer<\/td>\n<td>General-purpose flying boat<\/td>\n<td>1934<\/td>\n<td>57<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Total includes Canadian Vickers production for the RCAF<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Supermarine Type 224<\/td>\n<td>Fighter prototype<\/td>\n<td>1934<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Lost to the Gloster Gladiator; led to the Spitfire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\">Supermarine Spitfire<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Fighter and reconnaissance aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1936<\/td>\n<td>20,351<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Total includes Castle Bromwich and subcontracted production<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Supermarine Sea Otter<\/td>\n<td>Amphibian, rescue and liaison<\/td>\n<td>1938<\/td>\n<td>292<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Mostly built by Saunders-Roe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Supermarine Seafire<\/td>\n<td>Carrier fighter<\/td>\n<td>1942<\/td>\n<td>2,646<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Mostly built by Westland and Cunliffe-Owen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Supermarine Spiteful<\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>1944<\/td>\n<td>19<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Laminar-flow wing successor to the Spitfire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Supermarine Seafang<\/td>\n<td>Carrier fighter<\/td>\n<td>1946<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-attacker\/\">Supermarine Attacker<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Carrier jet fighter<\/td>\n<td>1946<\/td>\n<td>182 plus 3 prototypes<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First jet fighter in Fleet Air Arm squadron service; also flown by Pakistan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Supermarine Seagull ASR-1<\/td>\n<td>Air-sea rescue amphibian<\/td>\n<td>1948<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Prototypes only<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-swift\/\">Supermarine Swift<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Jet fighter and reconnaissance aircraft<\/td>\n<td>1948<\/td>\n<td>197<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Set the world air speed record in 1953<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-scimitar\/\">Supermarine Scimitar<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Carrier strike fighter<\/td>\n<td>1956<\/td>\n<td>76<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Last aircraft to carry the Supermarine name<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"operators\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Who flies them<\/div>\n<h2>Supermarine aircraft in the world&rsquo;s air forces<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">28 air forces in the Order of Battle fly or flew Supermarine types. <span class=\"imp\">0 of them still have one in service.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"opfind\" data-filter=\"#optbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air forces\" placeholder=\"Search air forces and types\" aria-label=\"Search air forces and types\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"opfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"opfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"optbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Air force<\/th>\n<th>In service<\/th>\n<th>Formerly flown<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/air-force-of-zimbabwe\/\">Air Force of Zimbabwe<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire F.22<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/belgian-air-force\/\">Belgian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire F\/FR.14<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/canadian-naval-and-army-aviation\/\">Canadian Naval and Army Aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Supermarine Seafire F.XV, Supermarine Walrus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/czech-air-force\/\">Czech Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire (LF IX and earlier marks)<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/egyptian-air-force\/\">Egyptian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/fleet-air-arm\/\">Fleet Air Arm<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Supermarine Seafire, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-scimitar\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Scimitar<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/fleet-air-arm-ran\/\">Fleet Air Arm (Royal Australian Navy)<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Supermarine Sea Otter, Supermarine Seagull III and Seagull V (Walrus)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/hellenic-air-force\/\">Hellenic Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/indian-air-force\/\">Indian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/irish-air-corps\/\">Irish Air Corps<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire Tr.9<\/a>, Supermarine Seafire LF.III (Type 506), Supermarine Walrus I<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/israeli-air-force\/\">Israeli Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire LF Mk IXE<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/italian-air-force\/\">Italian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Supermarine Spitfire LF Mk IXe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/myanmar-air-force\/\">Myanmar Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire<\/a>, Supermarine Seafire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/pakistan-air-force\/\">Pakistan Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-attacker\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Attacker FB.50<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/polish-air-force\/\">Polish Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/portuguese-air-force\/\">Portuguese Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire Mk I and Mk VB<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-kingdom-royal-air-force\/\">Royal Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-australian-air-force\/\">Royal Australian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-canadian-air-force\/\">Royal Canadian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire<\/a>, Supermarine Stranraer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-danish-air-force\/\">Royal Danish Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire HF IXe and PR XI<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-netherlands-air-and-space-force\/\">Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-norwegian-air-force\/\">Royal Norwegian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire (wartime marks; post-war LF.IXe and PR.XI)<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-thai-air-force\/\">Royal Thai Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire FR XIV<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/serbian-air-force-and-air-defence\/\">Serbian Air Force and Air Defence<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire VB, VC and IX<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/south-african-air-force\/\">South African Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire Mk V, VIII and IX<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/spanish-naval-air-arm\/\">Spanish Naval Air Arm<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Aeron&#225;utica Naval seaplanes and landplanes (Macchi M.18, Supermarine Scarab, Savoia S.16, Dornier Wal, Avro 504K, Martinsyde F.6 and others)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/syrian-air-force\/\">Syrian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire F Mk 22<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/turkish-air-force\/\">Turkish Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/supermarine-spitfire\/\" class=\"was\">Supermarine Spitfire Mk I, V, IX and XIX<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where Supermarine built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Woolston Works (Oakbank Wharf)<\/b> &middot; Woolston, Southampton &mdash; Original works from 1914; wrecked on 26 September 1940 and never rebuilt; the listed slipway survives<\/li>\n<li><b>Itchen Works<\/b> &middot; Southampton &mdash; Modernist factory by Oliver Bernard, opened 1939; damaged 1940 and rebuilt after the war<\/li>\n<li><b>Hythe<\/b> &middot; Hythe, Hampshire &mdash; Former Air Ministry flying-boat base leased from 1927 for Southampton assembly; closed 1938<\/li>\n<li><b>Eastleigh<\/b> &middot; Eastleigh, Hampshire &mdash; Final assembly and flight test; the Spitfire prototype first flew here<\/li>\n<li><b>Hursley Park<\/b> &middot; Hursley, near Winchester &mdash; Design and administration headquarters from December 1940<\/li>\n<li><b>Castle Bromwich shadow factory<\/b> &middot; Castle Bromwich, Birmingham &mdash; Built 12,129 Spitfires, more than half the total<\/li>\n<li><b>Dispersed production centres<\/b> &middot; Reading, Salisbury, Trowbridge and Southampton &mdash; About 60 workshops with assembly at Aldermaston, Henley, Chattis Hill, High Post, Keevil and Eastleigh<\/li>\n<li><b>South Marston<\/b> &middot; South Marston, Wiltshire &mdash; Supermarine headquarters from 1957<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Noel Pemberton Billing<\/b> &middot; founder, later MP &mdash; Sold out in 1916 before campaigning against the Royal Aircraft Factory<\/li>\n<li><b>Hubert Scott-Paine<\/b> &middot; works manager, then owner 1916&ndash;1923 &mdash; Sold his shares for &pound;192,000 and later founded the British Power Boat Company<\/li>\n<li><b>James Bird<\/b> &middot; director, owner from 1923 &mdash; Sold the company to Vickers in 1928 and stayed as managing director until 1940<\/li>\n<li><b>R. J. Mitchell<\/b> &middot; chief designer 1919&ndash;1937 &mdash; Designed the Schneider racers and led the Spitfire design; died 1937 aged 42<\/li>\n<li><b>Beverley Shenstone<\/b> &middot; aerodynamicist &mdash; Canadian who shaped the Spitfire&rsquo;s elliptical wing<\/li>\n<li><b>Joseph Smith<\/b> &middot; chief designer from 1941 &mdash; Developed the Spitfire through the war and led the jet designs<\/li>\n<li><b>Leonard Gooch<\/b> &middot; works engineer, then works manager &mdash; Organised the dispersal of Spitfire production after the 1940 raids<\/li>\n<li><b>Mike Lithgow<\/b> &middot; chief test pilot &mdash; Set the 1953 world air speed record in a Swift<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Records and firsts<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Schneider Trophy winner 1922 (Sea Lion II, Naples), 1927 (S.5, Venice), 1929 (S.6) and 1931 (S.6B), the last securing the trophy outright for Britain<\/li>\n<li>World seaplane speed record of 226.75 mph with the S.4, 1925<\/li>\n<li>World air speed record of 407.5 mph with the S.6B, 1931, the first aircraft over 400 mph<\/li>\n<li>World absolute air speed record of 735.7 mph by Mike Lithgow in a Swift F.4, 26 September 1953<\/li>\n<li>Type 510 of 1948: first British aircraft with both swept wings and a swept tailplane<\/li>\n<li>A Spitfire reached Mach 0.92 in a 1944 test dive, described by Wikipedia as the fastest ever recorded for a piston-engined aircraft<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Supermarine, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1913<\/div>\n<p>Noel Pemberton Billing wins a &pound;500 bet on gaining a pilot&rsquo;s licence within 24 hours and starts an aircraft business at Woolston<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1914<\/div>\n<p>Pemberton-Billing Ltd registered, with Supermarine, Southampton as its telegraphic address<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1916<\/div>\n<p>Billing bought out; company registered as Supermarine Aviation Works Ltd<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1919<\/div>\n<p>R. J. Mitchell, aged 24, becomes chief designer<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1922<\/div>\n<p>Sea Lion II wins the Schneider Trophy at Naples<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1923<\/div>\n<p>James Bird buys out Hubert Scott-Paine<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1925<\/div>\n<p>Southampton flying boat enters RAF service<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1927<\/div>\n<p>S.5s finish first and second in the Schneider Trophy at Venice<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1928<\/div>\n<p>Vickers buys Supermarine for &pound;390,000<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1931<\/div>\n<p>S.6B wins the Schneider Trophy outright, then sets a 407.5 mph world speed record<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1936<\/div>\n<p>Spitfire prototype K5054 first flies at Eastleigh; 310 ordered on 3 June<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1937<\/div>\n<p>R. J. Mitchell dies, aged 42<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1938<\/div>\n<p>No. 19 Squadron receives the first Spitfires<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1940<\/div>\n<p>Luftwaffe raid wrecks the Woolston works; production is dispersed<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1940<\/div>\n<p>Design and administration move to Hursley Park<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1946<\/div>\n<p>First flight of the Attacker jet fighter<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1953<\/div>\n<p>Mike Lithgow sets a 735.7 mph world air speed record in a Swift<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1957<\/div>\n<p>Final Scimitars, the last Supermarine aircraft, delivered<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1960<\/div>\n<p>Vickers-Armstrongs (Aircraft) joins BAC and the Supermarine name is dropped<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"lineage\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The family tree<\/div>\n<h2>Before and after Supermarine<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/vickers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Vickers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Owner from 1928; merged into Vickers-Armstrongs (Aircraft) in 1938, trading as Vickers Supermarine<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Vickers page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/bac\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">British Aircraft Corporation<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Absorbed Vickers-Armstrongs (Aircraft) in 1960, when the Supermarine name was dropped<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the British Aircraft Corporation page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/bae-systems\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">BAE Systems<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Heritage holder through BAC and British Aerospace<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the BAE Systems page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Supermarine<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Where does the name Supermarine come from?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It was the telegraphic address Noel Pemberton Billing registered for his company in Southampton: the opposite of submarine, for craft that travel above the sea. The company adopted it as its name in 1916.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who designed the Spitfire?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">R. J. Mitchell led the design team at Supermarine. Aerodynamicist Beverley Shenstone shaped the elliptical wing, and Joe Smith developed the aircraft through the war after Mitchell died in 1937.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many Spitfires were built?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">20,351 of all variants, plus 2,646 Seafires. More than half of the Spitfires came from the Castle Bromwich factory near Birmingham.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why did Supermarine win the Schneider Trophy outright?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Britain won in 1927, 1929 and 1931 with Mitchell&rsquo;s S.5, S.6 and S.6B, and three consecutive wins meant the trophy was kept permanently.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to Supermarine?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Vickers bought it in 1928. Its last aircraft was the Scimitar naval fighter, and when Vickers-Armstrongs (Aircraft) became part of the British Aircraft Corporation in 1960 the name was dropped. The heritage now sits with BAE Systems.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Was the Supermarine factory bombed?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Raids on 24 and 26 September 1940 killed 97 people and wrecked the Woolston works, which were never rebuilt. Spitfire production was dispersed to garages, bus depots and workshops across southern England.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where does the name Supermarine come from?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It was the telegraphic address Noel Pemberton Billing registered for his company in Southampton: the opposite of submarine, for craft that travel above the sea. The company adopted it as its name in 1916.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who designed the Spitfire?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"R. J. Mitchell led the design team at Supermarine. Aerodynamicist Beverley Shenstone shaped the elliptical wing, and Joe Smith developed the aircraft through the war after Mitchell died in 1937.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many Spitfires were built?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"20,351 of all variants, plus 2,646 Seafires. More than half of the Spitfires came from the Castle Bromwich factory near Birmingham.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why did Supermarine win the Schneider Trophy outright?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Britain won in 1927, 1929 and 1931 with Mitchell\\u2019s S.5, S.6 and S.6B, and three consecutive wins meant the trophy was kept permanently.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to Supermarine?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Vickers bought it in 1928. Its last aircraft was the Scimitar naval fighter, and when Vickers-Armstrongs (Aircraft) became part of the British Aircraft Corporation in 1960 the name was dropped. The heritage now sits with BAE Systems.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Was the Supermarine factory bombed?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Raids on 24 and 26 September 1940 killed 97 people and wrecked the Woolston works, which were never rebuilt. Spitfire production was dispersed to garages, bus depots and workshops across southern England.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Supermarine<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/de-havilland\/\"><span class=\"rk\">United Kingdom<\/span><span class=\"rh\">de Havilland<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The Hatfield firm that put Britain&rsquo;s flying clubs in Moths, built a bomber out of furniture wood, gave the world its first jet airliner &mdash; and lost it to a&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the de Havilland page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/hawker\/\"><span class=\"rk\">United Kingdom<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Hawker<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Born from the wreck of Sopwith and named after a test pilot who died within a year, Hawker built the Hurricane that carried the Battle of Britain and the Hunter that set&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Hawker page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_Spitfire\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine Spitfire (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R._J._Mitchell\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">R. J. Mitchell (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Noel_Pemberton_Billing\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Noel Pemberton Billing (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hubert_Scott-Paine\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hubert Scott-Paine (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mike_Lithgow\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Mike Lithgow (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_Swift\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine Swift (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_Walrus\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine Walrus (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_Southampton\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine Southampton (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_Stranraer\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine Stranraer (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_Scapa\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine Scapa (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_Attacker\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine Attacker (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_Scimitar\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine Scimitar (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_Sea_Otter\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine Sea Otter (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_Spiteful\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine Spiteful (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_Seafang\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine Seafang (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_S.6B\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine S.6B (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_S.5\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine S.5 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_S.4\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine S.4 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_Channel\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine Channel (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_Seagull_(1921)\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine Seagull (1921) (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_Sea_Lion_II\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine Sea Lion II (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_Nighthawk\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine Nighthawk (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_Type_224\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine Type 224 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_Sea_Eagle\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine Sea Eagle (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_S.6\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine S.6 (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_Seagull_(1948)\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine Seagull (1948) (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_Seafire\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supermarine Seafire (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/uk-t-f42.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/lockheed-f-117-nighthawk-in-flight.jpg)!important}#mfam 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