{"id":21277,"date":"2026-08-17T10:31:18","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T08:31:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/?page_id=21277"},"modified":"2026-08-17T10:31:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T08:31:38","slug":"nieuport-28","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cz\/aircraft\/nieuport-28\/","title":{"rendered":"Nieuport 28 \u2014 History, Specs, Photos &#038; Stories"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"mfam\">\n<style> @import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Lora:ital,wght@0,400;0,500;1,400;1,500&display=swap'); body.page-id-21277 h1.entry-title.main_title{display:none} body.page-id-21277 #main-content .container{padding-top:0} body.page-id-21277 #left-area{padding-bottom:0} html{overflow-x:hidden} body.page-id-21277{overflow-x:hidden} body.page-id-21277 #sidebar{display:none} body.page-id-21277 #left-area{width:100%!important;float:none;padding:0} #mfam{width:100vw;margin-left:calc(50% - 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A handful of genuine 1918 originals survive in museums, and a small number of airworthy originals and replicas still fly at air shows in the hands of specialist warbird pilots. If you want to feel what a single-seat fighter does to your body, MiGFlug can put you in the cockpit of several genuine military jets today; see the full list at https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why did American squadrons fly a French fighter that France had rejected?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"By early 1918 the French Air Service had settled on the sturdier, more powerful SPAD S.XIII and had no need for the lighter Nieuport 28. When the newly arrived American Expeditionary Forces needed fighters faster than SPAD production could supply them, the Nieuport 28 was available, agile and immediately combat-worthy. So the type France passed over became the first fighter flown operationally by American-flagged squadrons, equipping the 27th, 94th, 95th and 147th Aero Squadrons in the spring and summer of 1918.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Was the Nieuport 28 a good fighter?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"For its moment, yes. With the 160 hp Gnome Monosoupape rotary, two synchronised Vickers guns and a fuller lower wing than earlier Nieuports, it was fast for 1918 at roughly 196 km\/h, climbed well and turned superbly. Pilots praised its manoeuvrability. Its reputation is mixed only because of one honest structural weakness and because the SPAD S.XIII that replaced it was tougher and faster in a dive. As a dogfighter in a turning fight, the Nieuport 28 was a delight.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What was the Nieuport 28's wing problem?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"In prolonged, high-speed dives the fabric could tear away from the leading edge of the upper wing, sometimes taking the plywood leading-edge covering with it. Several American pilots were killed or badly frightened by it, and Eddie Rickenbacker famously survived a dive in which the upper-wing fabric stripped back. Field fixes improved matters, but the flaw dented confidence and was one of the reasons the U.S. Air Service moved to the SPAD S.XIII by late 1918.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which famous pilots flew the Nieuport 28?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"America's most celebrated First World War aces began on the type. Eddie Rickenbacker, the U.S. \\\"ace of aces\\\" with 26 victories, scored his first kills in a Nieuport 28 with the 94th \\\"Hat in the Ring\\\" Squadron. Douglas Campbell became the first American-trained ace flying it, Alan Winslow shared the squadron's first victories, and Quentin Roosevelt, son of former President Theodore Roosevelt, was killed in one over France in July 1918.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many Nieuport 28s survive, and can I see one?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Only a few genuine originals survive. The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum holds one, and others are preserved at the National Naval Aviation Museum in Pensacola, in San Diego, and in Switzerland at D\u00fcbendorf and Lucerne. The sole airworthy original was restored and returned to flight at the American Heritage Museum in Massachusetts in 2023, and several flying replicas appear at air shows, some in the colours of Rickenbacker's 94th Aero Squadron.\"}}]}<\/script><header class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"hero-media\"><img data-opt-id=1385616989  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:1448\/h:1080\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-28-us-air-service-1918.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201536%201145%22%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221145%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%221536%22%20height%3D%221145%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"Nieuport 28 C.1 of the United States Air Service, 1918\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/\">Military Aircraft Encyclopedia<\/a><span>\u203a<\/span><span>Fighter<\/span><span>\u203a<\/span><span>Nieuport 28<\/span><\/div>\n<h1>Nieuport 28<br \/><em>\u201cThe French fighter America took to war\u201d<\/em><\/h1>\n<p class=\"sub\">The nimble Nieuport that France turned down \u2014 and that the United States flew into its first air battles, carrying Rickenbacker, Campbell and Quentin Roosevelt aloft, with one dangerous flaw sewn into its upper wing.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>~196 km\/h<\/b><span>Top speed \u00b7 Gnome Monosoupape 9N<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>First<\/b><span>fighter flown by U.S. squadrons<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>2 \u00d7 Vickers<\/b><span>Synchronised .303 guns<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>~300<\/b><span>Built (figures vary)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"credit\">Photo: Air Service, U.S. Army \u00b7 Public domain (Wikimedia Commons)<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Role<\/b>Single-seat fighter \/ scout<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Era<\/b>World War I<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Engine<\/b>Gnome Monosoupape 9N rotary (~160 hp)<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Origin<\/b>France \u00b7 Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Anonyme des \u00c9tablissements Nieuport<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Retired (post-war service into 1930)<\/span><a class=\"chip fly\" href=\"#faq\">Can you fly a Nieuport 28?<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The Story<\/div>\n<h2>The Nieuport 28: the French fighter America took to war<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\" style=\"margin-top:22px\">\n<div>\n<p>In the spring of 1918 the United States had declared war on Germany a year earlier but still had almost no fighters of its own. American pilots trained in France and flew French machines, and the fighter that carried them into their first real air battles was one the French themselves no longer wanted: the <strong>Nieuport 28<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The Nieuport company had built a legend on light, agile sesquiplane scouts \u2014 the <strong>Nieuport 11<\/strong>, <strong>17<\/strong> and their successors \u2014 whose narrow lower wing gave superb visibility and turn at the cost of strength. The Nieuport 28, first flown in 1917, broke with that formula. It kept the delicacy but gave the lower wing real chord and area, hung a powerful <strong>160 hp Gnome Monosoupape 9N<\/strong> rotary in the nose and, for the first time on a production Nieuport, mounted <strong>two synchronised Vickers guns<\/strong>. It was faster, better armed and cleaner than anything Nieuport had built before.<\/p>\n<p>And the French Air Service turned it down. By 1918 their standard fighter was the sturdier, faster-diving <strong>SPAD S.XIII<\/strong>, and the Nieuport 28 offered no advantage France needed. But the Americans, waiting for SPADs that production could not yet deliver, took what was available \u2014 and so the rejected Nieuport became the <strong>first fighter to see operational combat in the hands of American-flagged squadrons<\/strong>, equipping the 27th, 94th, 95th and 147th Aero Squadrons.<\/p>\n<p>It gave America its first aces and its first heroes \u2014 <strong>Eddie Rickenbacker<\/strong>, <strong>Douglas Campbell<\/strong>, <strong>Raoul Lufbery<\/strong> \u2014 and, in July 1918, its most public loss when <strong>Quentin Roosevelt<\/strong>, a president\u2019s son, was killed flying one. It also had a habit that could kill a pilot in a dive. This is the story of both.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"pull\"><cite>\u201cIt was the first pursuit machine flown by an all-American squadron over the lines.\u201d<b>\u2014 on the Nieuport 28 in U.S. service<\/b><\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"deepset\">\n<details class=\"deep\">\n<summary><span class=\"no\">01<\/span><span class=\"t\">The Nieuport 28 and the SPAD shortage: how a cast-off became America\u2019s first fighter<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">\n<p>When the American Expeditionary Forces reached France they had <strong>pilots but no modern fighters<\/strong>. The obvious choice, the SPAD S.XIII, was in such demand that French factories could not spare enough of them. The Nieuport 28, already in production and surplus to French needs, filled the gap.<\/p>\n<p>The result was an accident of supply that made history: the type the French had passed over became the mount on which the <strong>United States Air Service<\/strong> learned to fight in the air. By late summer 1918, as SPAD deliveries caught up, the Americans re-equipped with the S.XIII \u2014 but the Nieuport 28 had already carried them through their bloodiest first months.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"deep\">\n<summary><span class=\"no\">02<\/span><span class=\"t\">The Nieuport 28\u2019s pilots: Rickenbacker, Campbell, Lufbery and Quentin Roosevelt<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">\n<p>The 94th \u201cHat in the Ring\u201d and 95th Aero Squadrons flew the type first. <strong>Eddie Rickenbacker<\/strong> scored his opening victories in it before becoming America\u2019s 26-kill ace of aces; <strong>Douglas Campbell<\/strong> became the first American-trained ace on it; and <strong>Alan Winslow<\/strong> shared the squadron\u2019s celebrated first double victory over the airfield at Gengoult on 14 April 1918.<\/p>\n<p>Not every story ended well. <strong>Raoul Lufbery<\/strong>, the veteran Lafayette Escadrille ace, died in May 1918, and <strong>Quentin Roosevelt<\/strong> was shot down and killed in a Nieuport 28 over France on 14 July 1918 \u2014 a loss that made headlines around the world.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Design &#038; Engineering<\/div>\n<h2>What makes the Nieuport 28 special<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cards3\">\n<div class=\"ecard\">\n<div class=\"num\">01<\/div>\n<h3>A fuller lower wing, not a sesquiplane<\/h3>\n<p>Earlier Nieuports used a narrow single-spar lower wing that flexed and, in hard manoeuvres, could fail. The Nieuport 28 gave the lower wing genuine chord and a second spar, moving away from the classic sesquiplane. It was a cleaner, stronger, more modern two-bay biplane \u2014 even if its upper wing still hid a weakness.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ecard\">\n<div class=\"num\">02<\/div>\n<h3>160 hp Gnome Monosoupape and two Vickers<\/h3>\n<p>The <strong>Gnome Monosoupape 9N<\/strong> rotary gave around 160 hp \u2014 a big step up from the ~110 hp of the Nieuport 17 \u2014 pushing the aircraft to roughly 196 km\/h. For the first time on a production Nieuport the pilot had <strong>two synchronised Vickers<\/strong> guns firing through the propeller, doubling the firepower of the single-gun scouts before it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ecard\">\n<div class=\"num\">03<\/div>\n<h3>The flaw in the upper wing<\/h3>\n<p>In sustained high-speed dives the <strong>fabric could peel from the upper wing\u2019s leading edge<\/strong>, sometimes tearing the plywood covering with it. It was a genuine, dangerous defect that killed and frightened pilots, and it \u2014 as much as the SPAD\u2019s arrival \u2014 sealed the type\u2019s replacement in U.S. service by late 1918.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"deepset\">\n<details class=\"deep\">\n<summary><span class=\"no\">03<\/span><span class=\"t\">The Nieuport 28\u2019s airframe: how it differed from the Nieuport 17<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">\n<p>Where the <strong>Nieuport 17<\/strong> was a small, single-gun sesquiplane of about 110 hp, the Nieuport 28 was larger, heavier and far more powerful. Its <strong>two-spar lower wing<\/strong> and raked, rounded wingtips gave it a distinctly different silhouette, and its twin guns and 160 hp rotary put it in a different class of fighter altogether.<\/p>\n<p>It was, in effect, Nieuport\u2019s attempt to keep pace with the <strong>SPAD<\/strong> \u2014 lighter and more agile than the S.XIII, but never as strong.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"deep\">\n<summary><span class=\"no\">04<\/span><span class=\"t\">The Nieuport 28\u2019s rotary engine: the Gnome Monosoupape 9N<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">\n<p>The <strong>Monosoupape<\/strong> (\u201csingle valve\u201d) rotary spun its whole cylinder block with the propeller, throwing castor-oil mist over the pilot and controlling power partly by blipping the ignition. It was powerful for its weight but thirsty and temperamental, giving the Nieuport 28 its lively performance and its short, roughly 90-minute endurance.<\/p>\n<p>Figures for output vary around <strong>~160 hp<\/strong>; treat exact numbers as period estimates.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"deep\">\n<summary><span class=\"no\">05<\/span><span class=\"t\">The Nieuport 28\u2019s wing failures: what actually happened in a dive<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">\n<p>Reports describe the <strong>leading-edge fabric of the upper wing stripping back<\/strong> under the airloads of a prolonged dive, occasionally taking structure with it. Rickenbacker himself survived such an event and landed with wing fabric gone. Riggers introduced field fixes and stronger attachment, and the problem eased \u2014 but confidence never fully recovered, and the sturdier <strong>SPAD S.XIII<\/strong> soon took over.<\/p>\n<p>Numbers of aircraft or pilots lost specifically to the fault are <strong>not reliably recorded<\/strong>; contemporary accounts agree it was real and feared.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Specifications<\/div>\n<h2>Nieuport 28 specifications<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:6px\">Figures are for the standard Nieuport 28 C.1 on the Gnome Monosoupape 9N; sources vary and several values are hedged. Production and cost figures for a 1917\u201318 aircraft are approximate.<\/p>\n<div class=\"specgrid\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Airframe &#038; Performance<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Crew<\/dt>\n<dd>1 \u2014 pilot<\/dd>\n<dt>Length<\/dt>\n<dd>~6.20 m (20 ft 4 in)<\/dd>\n<dt>Wingspan<\/dt>\n<dd>~8.00 m (26 ft 3 in)<\/dd>\n<dt>Height<\/dt>\n<dd>~2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)<\/dd>\n<dt>Wing area<\/dt>\n<dd>~19.97 m\u00b2 (215 sq ft)<\/dd>\n<dt>Empty \/ loaded weight<\/dt>\n<dd>~532 kg \/ ~737 kg<\/dd>\n<dt>Max speed<\/dt>\n<dd>~196 km\/h (122 mph) at 2,000 m; some sources ~198 km\/h<\/dd>\n<dt>Service ceiling<\/dt>\n<dd>~5,200 m (~17,000 ft)<\/dd>\n<dt>Endurance<\/dt>\n<dd>~1 hour 30 minutes<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Propulsion, Armament &#038; Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Engine<\/dt>\n<dd>1 \u00d7 Gnome Monosoupape 9N rotary, ~160 hp<\/dd>\n<dt>Engine type<\/dt>\n<dd>9-cylinder air-cooled rotary<\/dd>\n<dt>Armament<\/dt>\n<dd>2 \u00d7 synchronised .303 in (7.7 mm) Vickers machine guns<\/dd>\n<dt>First flight \/ service<\/dt>\n<dd>1917; U.S. combat service from spring 1918<\/dd>\n<dt>Operators<\/dt>\n<dd>U.S. Army Air Service &#038; U.S. Navy; post-war Switzerland &#038; Argentina<\/dd>\n<dt>Built<\/dt>\n<dd>~300 (figures vary; ~297 to the U.S. Army + 12 to the U.S. Navy)<\/dd>\n<dt>Unit cost<\/dt>\n<dd>Not reliably recorded (WWI procurement)<\/dd>\n<dt>Cost per flight hour<\/dt>\n<dd>Not reliably recorded (WWI); modern airworthy operation is a specialist, unpublished figure<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"deepset\">\n<details class=\"deep\">\n<summary><span class=\"no\">06<\/span><span class=\"t\">The Nieuport 28\u2019s cost: why the numbers aren\u2019t reliably recorded<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">\n<p>The Nieuport 28 was bought in the chaos of <strong>1917\u201318 wartime procurement<\/strong>, when aircraft were ordered in batches at prices that were rarely published and are not consistently preserved. The United States acquired roughly <strong>300<\/strong> of them \u2014 about 297 for the Army Air Service and 12 for the Navy \u2014 but a clean per-unit dollar figure is not part of the reliable record.<\/p>\n<p>Running one today is equally unofficial: a single airworthy original and a few replicas exist, maintained by <strong>specialist warbird operators<\/strong> whose hourly costs are private. Any figure you see quoted should be treated as an estimate.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"deep\">\n<summary><span class=\"no\">07<\/span><span class=\"t\">The Nieuport 28 family and variants: C.1 and the naval aircraft<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">\n<p>The main production type was the single-seat <strong>Nieuport 28 C.1<\/strong> fighter. After the war the U.S. Navy used a small number for pioneering <strong>shipboard flying-off trials<\/strong>, launching them from platforms built over the gun turrets of battleships \u2014 an early step toward carrier aviation.<\/p>\n<p><em>Note:<\/em> the Nieuport 28 is a <strong>different, later aircraft<\/strong> than the earlier Nieuport 17 sesquiplane scout; the two are often confused but share little beyond the maker\u2019s name.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>The Nieuport 28 through the war<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1917<\/div>\n<h3>First flight<\/h3>\n<p>Nieuport flies the new Model 28, a cleaner, two-gun, 160 hp development that abandons the narrow sesquiplane lower wing of earlier scouts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1918<\/div>\n<h3>France says no<\/h3>\n<p>The French Air Service, committed to the sturdier SPAD S.XIII, declines the Nieuport 28 for its own front-line squadrons.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">Early 1918<\/div>\n<h3>America adopts it<\/h3>\n<p>Short of SPADs, the U.S. Air Service equips its first pursuit squadrons \u2014 the 27th, 94th, 95th and 147th \u2014 with available Nieuport 28s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">14 Apr 1918<\/div>\n<h3>First victories<\/h3>\n<p>Lieutenants Alan Winslow and Douglas Campbell down two German aircraft over their own airfield at Gengoult \u2014 the first victories in American hands.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">May 1918<\/div>\n<h3>First U.S.-trained ace<\/h3>\n<p>Douglas Campbell becomes the first American-trained pilot to reach five victories, all on the Nieuport 28; Raoul Lufbery is killed the same month.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">Mid 1918<\/div>\n<h3>The wing problem bites<\/h3>\n<p>Upper-wing fabric shedding in dives frightens and kills pilots; Eddie Rickenbacker survives one such failure and scores his first kills on the type.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">14 Jul 1918<\/div>\n<h3>Quentin Roosevelt falls<\/h3>\n<p>Quentin Roosevelt, son of the former president, is shot down and killed flying a Nieuport 28 over France \u2014 the war\u2019s most public American air loss.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">Late 1918 \u2192<\/div>\n<h3>Replaced, then retired<\/h3>\n<p>U.S. squadrons re-equip with the SPAD S.XIII; post-war survivors serve with the U.S. Navy for deck trials and with Switzerland and Argentina.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Stories &#038; eyewitnesses<\/div>\n<h2>The Nieuport 28 in the words of those who flew it<\/h2>\n<div class=\"car\"><button class=\"cbtn p\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('stcar').scrollBy({left:-712,behavior:'smooth'})\">\u2039<\/button><button class=\"cbtn n\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('stcar').scrollBy({left:712,behavior:'smooth'})\">\u203a<\/button><\/div>\n<div id=\"stcar\" class=\"track\">\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">14 April 1918<\/div>\n<h4>Two kills before breakfast<\/h4>\n<p>Winslow and Campbell downed two German aircraft over their own field within minutes.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full account<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">On 14 April 1918 an alert scrambled Lieutenants Alan Winslow and Douglas Campbell of the 94th Aero Squadron. Within a few minutes, and almost directly over their airfield at Gengoult near Toul, the two Nieuport 28 pilots shot down two German aircraft in full view of the ground crews. They were the first aerial victories won by an American-trained, American-flagged squadron, and they turned the Nieuport 28 into an instant symbol of the young U.S. Air Service.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Ace of aces<\/div>\n<h4>Rickenbacker starts here<\/h4>\n<p>America\u2019s top ace opened his account in a Nieuport 28 with the 94th.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full account<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">Before he was the United States ace of aces with 26 victories, Eddie Rickenbacker was a former racing driver learning the fighter trade on the Nieuport 28. Flying with the 94th \u201cHat in the Ring\u201d Squadron in the spring of 1918, he scored his first kills on the type \u2014 and survived at least one terrifying dive in which the fabric peeled from his upper wing. His memoir Fighting the Flying Circus made the aircraft and the squadron famous.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">First U.S.-trained ace<\/div>\n<h4>Douglas Campbell<\/h4>\n<p>Five victories, all flown on the Nieuport 28.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full account<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">Douglas Campbell became the first ace trained entirely within the American system, reaching five confirmed victories in the summer of 1918 \u2014 every one of them flown in a Nieuport 28. Wounded in June, he survived the war. His success helped prove that the U.S. Air Service could produce its own aces on a French cast-off fighter.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">A president\u2019s son<\/div>\n<h4>Quentin Roosevelt<\/h4>\n<p>Theodore Roosevelt\u2019s youngest son was killed flying the type in July 1918.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full account<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">Quentin Roosevelt, youngest son of former President Theodore Roosevelt, flew Nieuport 28s with the 95th Aero Squadron. On 14 July 1918 he was shot down and killed in combat over France. The Germans, recognising who he was, buried him with military honours. His death was reported around the world and became one of the most public American losses of the air war \u2014 a private grief for a famous family, played out in a Nieuport 28.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Lafayette veteran<\/div>\n<h4>Raoul Lufbery<\/h4>\n<p>The old hand of the Lafayette Escadrille died in May 1918.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full account<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">Raoul Lufbery was already a celebrated ace of the Lafayette Escadrille when the U.S. Air Service formed around him. On 19 May 1918 he was killed after leaving his burning aircraft. A mentor to Rickenbacker and the younger American pilots, his loss during the Nieuport 28 period was deeply felt across the squadrons he had helped shape.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">The flaw<\/div>\n<h4>Fabric off the wing<\/h4>\n<p>In a hard dive the upper wing could shed its leading-edge fabric.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full account<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">The Nieuport 28\u2019s worst habit revealed itself in prolonged, high-speed dives: the fabric could tear away from the leading edge of the upper wing, sometimes stripping the plywood covering with it. Several pilots were killed or badly shaken. Riggers devised field fixes and stronger attachments, and the danger eased \u2014 but the memory of a wing coming apart in a dive stayed with everyone who flew the type.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Turning fight<\/div>\n<h4>Agile by design<\/h4>\n<p>Pilots praised the Nieuport 28\u2019s manoeuvrability against German scouts.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full account<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">For all its faults, the Nieuport 28 was a joy to turn. Lighter than the SPAD S.XIII that replaced it, with a lively 160 hp rotary and a clean airframe, it could out-turn many of its opponents. American pilots who complained about its wing and its temperamental engine still respected what it could do in a close, twisting dogfight.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Hat in the Ring<\/div>\n<h4>The 94th Aero Squadron<\/h4>\n<p>The most famous American squadron of the war flew the Nieuport 28 first.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full account<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">The 94th Aero Squadron\u2019s \u201cHat in the Ring\u201d insignia became the best-known American emblem of the air war, and it was on Nieuport 28s that the squadron first flew and fought. Rickenbacker, Campbell and their comrades built the unit\u2019s reputation on the type before moving to the SPAD S.XIII later in 1918.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Replaced<\/div>\n<h4>Enter the SPAD S.XIII<\/h4>\n<p>By late 1918 the tougher SPAD had taken over.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full account<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">As American SPAD S.XIII deliveries finally caught up in mid-to-late 1918, U.S. squadrons re-equipped with the sturdier, faster-diving fighter that France had preferred all along. The Nieuport 28\u2019s front-line career was short \u2014 a matter of months \u2014 but it had carried the Air Service through its first and most formative air fighting.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">At sea<\/div>\n<h4>U.S. Navy deck trials<\/h4>\n<p>After the war, Nieuport 28s flew off platforms on battleship turrets.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full account<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">The U.S. Navy took a dozen Nieuport 28s and used them for pioneering flying-off experiments, launching the little fighters from short wooden platforms built over the gun turrets of battleships. It was crude and dangerous, but it was part of the trail of experiments that led toward true aircraft carriers.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Neutral service<\/div>\n<h4>Switzerland and Argentina<\/h4>\n<p>A handful served on quietly into the 1920s and beyond.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full account<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">Post-war survivors found second careers abroad. Switzerland operated around fifteen Nieuport 28s, keeping some in service until 1930, and Argentina flew a small number. These peacetime users, far from the Western Front, gave the type a longer life than its brief combat career suggested \u2014 and left preserved airframes that survive in Swiss museums today.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mscard\">\n<div class=\"tag\">Still flying<\/div>\n<h4>The 2023 airworthy original<\/h4>\n<p>The sole airworthy original Nieuport 28 returned to flight in Massachusetts.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary>Read the full account<\/summary>\n<div class=\"full\">In September 2023, after a two-year restoration, the only airworthy original Nieuport 28 flew again at the American Heritage Museum in Hudson, Massachusetts. Once owned by Hollywood stunt fliers Frank Tallman and Paul Mantz, the aircraft is now one of the very few genuine 1918 fighters in the world that still takes to the air \u2014 a living link to Rickenbacker\u2019s war.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Gallery<\/div>\n<h2>The Nieuport 28 in pictures<\/h2>\n<div class=\"car\"><button class=\"cbtn p\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('gal').scrollBy({left:-660,behavior:'smooth'})\">\u2039<\/button><button class=\"cbtn n\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('gal').scrollBy({left:660,behavior:'smooth'})\">\u203a<\/button><\/div>\n<div id=\"gal\" class=\"track gal\">\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:1536\/h:466\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-28-95th-aero-squadron.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=1568450124  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:1024\/h:310\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-28-95th-aero-squadron.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201024%20310%22%20width%3D%221024%22%20height%3D%22310%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%221024%22%20height%3D%22310%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"Nieuport 28s of the 95th Aero Squadron on the Western Front, 1918\"><figcaption><span>Nieuport 28s of the 95th Aero Squadron on the Western Front, 1918 \u00b7 Air Service, U.S. Army \/ Public domain<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:738\/h:1080\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-28-94th-aero-squadron.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=2106761902  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:700\/h:1024\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-28-94th-aero-squadron.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20700%201024%22%20width%3D%22700%22%20height%3D%221024%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22700%22%20height%3D%221024%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"A 94th \u201cHat in the Ring\u201d Aero Squadron Nieuport 28, 1918\"><figcaption><span>A 94th \u201cHat in the Ring\u201d Aero Squadron Nieuport 28, 1918 \u00b7 Air Service, U.S. Army \/ Public domain<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:1536\/h:836\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-28-issoudun-france.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=327581586  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:1024\/h:557\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-28-issoudun-france.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201024%20557%22%20width%3D%221024%22%20height%3D%22557%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%221024%22%20height%3D%22557%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"Nieuport 28 at the U.S. 3rd Aviation Instruction Center, Issoudun, France\"><figcaption><span>Nieuport 28 at the U.S. 3rd Aviation Instruction Center, Issoudun, France \u00b7 Air Service, U.S. Army \/ Public domain<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:1536\/h:956\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-28-right-rear.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=455695963  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:1024\/h:637\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-28-right-rear.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201024%20637%22%20width%3D%221024%22%20height%3D%22637%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%221024%22%20height%3D%22637%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"Preserved Nieuport 28 C.1, right-rear view\"><figcaption><span>Preserved Nieuport 28 C.1, right-rear view \u00b7 Air Service, U.S. Army \/ Public domain<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:722\/h:1080\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-28-issoudun-field-8.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=1485341839  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:685\/h:1024\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-28-issoudun-field-8.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20685%201024%22%20width%3D%22685%22%20height%3D%221024%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22685%22%20height%3D%221024%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"American Nieuport 28s at the Issoudun training field, 1918\"><figcaption><span>American Nieuport 28s at the Issoudun training field, 1918 \u00b7 Air Service, U.S. Army \/ Public domain<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-28-identification-drawing.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=1921493943  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:768\/h:624\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-28-identification-drawing.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20768%20624%22%20width%3D%22768%22%20height%3D%22624%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22768%22%20height%3D%22624%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"Nieuport 28 C.1 identification drawing\"><figcaption><span>Nieuport 28 C.1 identification drawing \u00b7 Public domain<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:892\/h:1080\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-28-preserved-airframe.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=628417353  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:846\/h:1024\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-28-preserved-airframe.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20846%201024%22%20width%3D%22846%22%20height%3D%221024%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22846%22%20height%3D%221024%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"Preserved Nieuport 28 C.1 airframe\"><figcaption><span>Preserved Nieuport 28 C.1 airframe \u00b7 CC BY-SA 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure data-full=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:1024\/h:696\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-28-flying-replica-rickenbacker.jpg\"><img data-opt-id=790395148  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:1024\/h:696\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/nieuport-28-flying-replica-rickenbacker.jpg\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"ph\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201024%20696%22%20width%3D%221024%22%20height%3D%22696%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%221024%22%20height%3D%22696%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"Airworthy Nieuport 28 replica in 94th Aero Squadron colours\"><figcaption><span>Airworthy Nieuport 28 replica in 94th Aero Squadron colours \u00b7 Aldo Bidini \/ GFDL 1.2<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Video<\/div>\n<h2>The Nieuport 28 in the air<\/h2>\n<div class=\"vidwrap\"><iframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/VYqKAJ_q3zo\" title=\"Nieuport 28 First Test Flight \u2014 American Heritage Museum\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen loading=\"lazy\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-top:14px\">The sole airworthy original Nieuport 28 takes to the air after its 2023 restoration. Footage from the <strong>American Heritage Museum \/ Collings Foundation<\/strong> official channel \u2014 one of the most authoritative sources on this aircraft, showing the actual 1918 fighter flying again.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Operations<\/div>\n<h2>Where the Nieuport 28 flew<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:22px\">Designed and built in France, rejected by the French, and flown into combat almost entirely by the United States Air Service over the Western Front in 1918 \u2014 the Nieuport 28 also served after the war with the U.S. Navy for shipboard trials and with Switzerland and Argentina. Toggle the categories to see its French origin, its American wartime service, its post-war operators, and where surviving airframes are preserved today.<\/p>\n<div id=\"n28-map-widget\" style=\"font-family:'Gilroy semiBold','Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,Lucida,sans-serif;max-width:1080px;width:100%;\">\n<div id=\"n28-map-container\" style=\"width:100%;position:relative\"><svg id=\"n28-map-svg\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block\"><\/svg><\/p>\n<div id=\"n28-tooltip\" style=\"position:fixed;background:#1a1a2e;color:#fff;padding:10px 16px;border-radius:0;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:.3px;pointer-events:auto;opacity:0;transition:opacity .15s;z-index:1000;max-width:360px;line-height:1.5\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"n28-controls\" style=\"display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;margin-top:12px;\"><button class=\"n28-toggle active\" data-cat=\"migflug\" data-full=\"Origin &amp; manufacturer\" data-short=\"Origin\" style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:8px 12px;border:2px solid #5C91FF;border-radius:0;background:#fff;cursor:pointer;font-family:inherit;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:#1a1a2e;white-space:nowrap;transition:all .25s\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"width:14px;height:14px;border-radius:0;flex-shrink:0;background:#5C91FF\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"n28-label\">Origin &amp; manufacturer<\/span><span class=\"n28-check\" style=\"font-size:10px;opacity:1;transition:opacity .2s\">\u2713<\/span><\/button><button class=\"n28-toggle active\" data-cat=\"combat\" data-full=\"WWI combat service\" data-short=\"Combat\" style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:8px 12px;border:2px solid #6B8E23;border-radius:0;background:#fff;cursor:pointer;font-family:inherit;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:#1a1a2e;white-space:nowrap;transition:all .25s\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"width:14px;height:14px;border-radius:0;flex-shrink:0;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#4A6741 25%,#6B8E23 25%,#6B8E23 50%,#556B2F 50%,#556B2F 75%,#8B9D77 75%);background-size:8px 8px\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"n28-label\">WWI combat service<\/span><span class=\"n28-check\" style=\"font-size:10px;opacity:1;transition:opacity .2s\">\u2713<\/span><\/button><button class=\"n28-toggle active\" data-cat=\"current\" data-full=\"Post-war &amp; other operators\" data-short=\"Post-war\" style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:8px 12px;border:2px solid #555;border-radius:0;background:#fff;cursor:pointer;font-family:inherit;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:#1a1a2e;white-space:nowrap;transition:all .25s\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"width:14px;height:14px;border-radius:0;flex-shrink:0;background:#555\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"n28-label\">Post-war &amp; other operators<\/span><span class=\"n28-check\" style=\"font-size:10px;opacity:1;transition:opacity .2s\">\u2713<\/span><\/button><button class=\"n28-toggle active\" data-cat=\"former\" data-full=\"Surviving airframes\" data-short=\"Survivors\" style=\"display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:8px 12px;border:2px solid #bbb;border-radius:0;background:#fff;cursor:pointer;font-family:inherit;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;color:#1a1a2e;white-space:nowrap;transition:all .25s\"><\/p>\n<div style=\"width:14px;height:14px;border-radius:0;flex-shrink:0;background:#C0C0C0\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"n28-label\">Surviving airframes<\/span><span class=\"n28-check\" style=\"font-size:10px;opacity:1;transition:opacity .2s\">\u2713<\/span><\/button><\/div>\n<div id=\"n28-count\" style=\"text-align:left;font-size:14px;color:#666;margin-top:12px;line-height:1.7;width:100%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><script src=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/d3\/7.8.5\/d3.min.js\"><\/script><script src=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/topojson\/3.0.2\/topojson.min.js\"><\/script><script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/d3-geo-projection@4\/dist\/d3-geo-projection.min.js\"><\/script><div 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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"n28-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Combat record<\/div>\n<h2>The record the Nieuport 28 left behind<\/h2>\n<div class=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"cstat\"><b>4<\/b><span>U.S. pursuit squadrons flew it in combat in 1918 (27th, 94th, 95th, 147th)<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cstat\"><b>First<\/b><span>fighter to score victories in American-flagged hands, 14 April 1918<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cstat zero\"><b>1<\/b><span>president\u2019s son \u2014 Quentin Roosevelt \u2014 killed in one, July 1918<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"finenote\">The Nieuport 28 was a front-line American fighter for only a few months in 1918 before the SPAD S.XIII replaced it, so it has no long combat ledger. Its significance is historical rather than statistical: it was the machine on which the United States Air Service first fought, and first won, in the air. Victory tallies for individual pilots vary between sources and mix Nieuport 28 and later SPAD claims.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions<\/div>\n<h2>Nieuport 28: your questions answered<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Can I fly in a Nieuport 28?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No. The Nieuport 28 is a single-seat World War I fighter with no passenger position, and it is not part of the MiGFlug fleet, so there is no Nieuport 28 you can book a ride in. A handful of genuine 1918 originals survive in museums, and a small number of airworthy originals and replicas still fly at air shows in the hands of specialist warbird pilots. If you want to feel what a single-seat fighter does to your body, MiGFlug can put you in the cockpit of several genuine military jets today; see the full list at <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/\">migflug.com\/flights-prices\/<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why did American squadrons fly a French fighter that France had rejected?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">By early 1918 the French Air Service had settled on the sturdier, more powerful SPAD S.XIII and had no need for the lighter Nieuport 28. When the newly arrived American Expeditionary Forces needed fighters faster than SPAD production could supply them, the Nieuport 28 was available, agile and immediately combat-worthy. So the type France passed over became the first fighter flown operationally by American-flagged squadrons, equipping the 27th, 94th, 95th and 147th Aero Squadrons in the spring and summer of 1918.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Was the Nieuport 28 a good fighter?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">For its moment, yes. With the 160 hp Gnome Monosoupape rotary, two synchronised Vickers guns and a fuller lower wing than earlier Nieuports, it was fast for 1918 at roughly 196 km\/h, climbed well and turned superbly. Pilots praised its manoeuvrability. Its reputation is mixed only because of one honest structural weakness and because the SPAD S.XIII that replaced it was tougher and faster in a dive. As a dogfighter in a turning fight, the Nieuport 28 was a delight.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What was the Nieuport 28&#8217;s wing problem?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">In prolonged, high-speed dives the fabric could tear away from the leading edge of the upper wing, sometimes taking the plywood leading-edge covering with it. Several American pilots were killed or badly frightened by it, and Eddie Rickenbacker famously survived a dive in which the upper-wing fabric stripped back. Field fixes improved matters, but the flaw dented confidence and was one of the reasons the U.S. Air Service moved to the SPAD S.XIII by late 1918.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which famous pilots flew the Nieuport 28?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">America&#8217;s most celebrated First World War aces began on the type. Eddie Rickenbacker, the U.S. &#8220;ace of aces&#8221; with 26 victories, scored his first kills in a Nieuport 28 with the 94th &#8220;Hat in the Ring&#8221; Squadron. Douglas Campbell became the first American-trained ace flying it, Alan Winslow shared the squadron&#8217;s first victories, and Quentin Roosevelt, son of former President Theodore Roosevelt, was killed in one over France in July 1918.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many Nieuport 28s survive, and can I see one?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Only a few genuine originals survive. The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum holds one, and others are preserved at the National Naval Aviation Museum in Pensacola, in San Diego, and in Switzerland at D\u00fcbendorf and Lucerne. The sole airworthy original was restored and returned to flight at the American Heritage Museum in Massachusetts in 2023, and several flying replicas appear at air shows, some in the colours of Rickenbacker&#8217;s 94th Aero Squadron.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ad\">\n<div class=\"adin\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The part of the collection you can touch<\/div>\n<h2>You can\u2019t fly the Nieuport 28.<br \/>These, you can.<\/h2>\n<p class=\"adp\">Some legends only live in museums \u2014 others are fuelled and waiting. MiGFlug has put civilians in real military jet cockpits since 2004.<\/p>\n<div class=\"car\"><button class=\"cbtn p\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('flycar').scrollBy({left:-520,behavior:'smooth'})\">\u2039<\/button><button class=\"cbtn n\" onclick=\"document.getElementById('flycar').scrollBy({left:520,behavior:'smooth'})\">\u203a<\/button><\/div>\n<div class=\"track\" id=\"flycar\"><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"Aero L-39 Albatros side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the L-39 Albatros<\/b><span>The world\u2019s most-flown jet trainer \u2014 aerobatics included<\/span><\/a><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/f104-starfighter-flight\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"Lockheed F-104 Starfighter side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the F-104 Starfighter<\/b><span>\u201cThe missile with a man in it\u201d<\/span><\/a><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/mig-21-launch\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the MiG-21<\/b><span>The Cold War\u2019s most-produced jet<\/span><\/a><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/t-33-in-canada\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the T-33 Shooting Star<\/b><span>America\u2019s first jet trainer<\/span><\/a><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/vampire-flight-near-london\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"de Havilland Vampire side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the DH Vampire<\/b><span>A piece of early jet history<\/span><\/a><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/s-211-jet-flight-munich\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"SIAI-Marchetti S.211 side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the S.211<\/b><span>Agile Italian jet trainer<\/span><\/a><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/l-39-mb-326-jet-provost-in-italy\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  src=\"data:image\/png;base64,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\" alt=\"Aermacchi MB-326 side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the MB-326<\/b><span>The classic Aermacchi jet<\/span><\/a><a class=\"flycard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/mig-15-fagot-czech-republic\/\"><span class=\"fico\"><img data-opt-id=791639987  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\" alt=\"Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 side profile\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><b>Fly the MiG-15<\/b><span>The Soviet legend of the Korean War<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/\">See all flights &amp; prices<\/a><\/section>\n<section style=\"background:#f6f8fb\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Related Aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Explore more of the collection<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/spad-xiii\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The Successor<\/span><span class=\"rh\">SPAD S.XIII<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The tougher, faster-diving French fighter that France preferred and that replaced the Nieuport 28 in U.S. service.<\/span><span class=\"go\">See the exhibit<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/nieuport-17\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The Ancestor<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Nieuport 17<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The classic 1916 sesquiplane scout \u2014 a different, earlier aircraft whose light lower wing the Nieuport 28 left behind.<\/span><span class=\"go\">See the exhibit<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/spad-s-vii\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The Stablemate<\/span><span class=\"rh\">SPAD S.VII<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The earlier single-gun SPAD that set the template for the sturdy French fighters the Americans flew next.<\/span><span class=\"go\">See the exhibit<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"background:#f6f8fb\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &#038; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"return false\">Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum \u2014 Nieuport 28C.1<\/a><span>Museum collection record for the preserved original and its U.S. service history.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"return false\">National Naval Aviation Museum, Pensacola<\/a><span>Documents the U.S. Navy Nieuport 28s and the battleship flying-off trials.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"return false\">American Heritage Museum \/ Collings Foundation<\/a><span>Restoration and 2023 return-to-flight of the sole airworthy original.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"return false\">National Museum of the United States Air Force<\/a><span>Background on the AEF pursuit squadrons and Eddie Rickenbacker.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"return false\">Naval History and Heritage Command<\/a><span>Naval Nieuport 28 record and post-war platform experiments.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"return false\">Eddie Rickenbacker, \u201cFighting the Flying Circus\u201d<\/a><span>First-hand memoir describing flying the Nieuport 28 with the 94th Aero Squadron.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"return false\">Imperial War Museums<\/a><span>Context on Western Front air fighting in 1918.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"return false\">Fliegermuseum D\u00fcbendorf &#038; Swiss Museum of Transport<\/a><span>Records of the Swiss Nieuport 28 fleet and preserved airframes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em>Contemporary squadron histories<\/em><span>Used to cross-check dates, pilots and unit assignments.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em>Figures hedged throughout<\/em><span>Production, speed and cost values for a 1917\u201318 aircraft are approximate.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div id=\"n28-lb-data\" 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