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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-states-air-force\/\">United States Air Force<\/a> &middot; Air base<\/div>\n<h1>Aviano Air Base<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Base aerea di Aviano<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Active (Italian air base, USAF tenant wing)<\/p>\n<div class=\"marks\">\n<div class=\"mark\"><img data-opt-id=455655329  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/usaf-host-ital.png\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"mjc\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20100%%20100%%22%20width%3D%22100%%22%20height%3D%22100%%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%%22%20height%3D%22100%%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"Italian Air Force roundel emblem\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"96\" height=\"96\"><span class=\"mk\">Host air force<b>Aeronautica Militare<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mark\"><img data-opt-id=1683109678  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/usaf-symbol-white.png\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"badge big\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20100%%20100%%22%20width%3D%22100%%22%20height%3D%22100%%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%%22%20height%3D%22100%%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"United States Air Force badge\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"144\" height=\"112\"><span class=\"mk\">Service badge<b>United States Air Force<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mark\"><img data-opt-id=973601320  data-opt-src=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/usaf-majcom-usafe.png\"  decoding=\"async\" class=\"mjc\" src=\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20100%%20100%%22%20width%3D%22100%%22%20height%3D%22100%%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%%22%20height%3D%22100%%22%20fill%3D%22transparent%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" alt=\"US Air Forces in Europe - Air Forces Africa emblem\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"96\" height=\"96\"><span class=\"mk\">Major command<b>US Air Forces in Europe &ndash; Air Forces Africa<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mark\"><svg class=\"finflash tall\" viewBox=\"0 0 40 48\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"United States Air Force fin marking: a wing colour band above the tail code AV\"><path d=\"M4 46 L15 6 H34 V46 Z\" fill=\"#39424f\"\/><path d=\"M15 6 H34 V15 H12.53 Z\" fill=\"#f2c200\"\/><rect x=\"15\" y=\"15.4\" width=\"19\" height=\"1.5\" fill=\"#12161c\"\/><text x=\"24.5\" y=\"32.5\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif\" font-size=\"12.5\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#ffffff\">AV<\/text><\/svg><span class=\"mk\">Tail code<b>AV &mdash; the 31st Fighter Wing<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>LIPA<\/b><span>ICAO<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>2,990 m<\/b><span>Runway<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1911<\/b><span>Opened<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Active<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: US Air Force (public domain)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Operator<\/b>United States Air Force<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>State<\/b>Italy<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Elevation<\/b>126 m<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Coordinates<\/b>46.0314 N, 12.5969 E<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Aviano Air Base: what it was built for and what flies there now<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<p>Aviano sits at the foot of the Carnic Alps and has been an aerodrome since 1911, which makes it one of the oldest military airfields still in use anywhere. It is an Italian Air Force installation; the Americans are guests, and the base commander&rsquo;s authority is shared under a bilateral arrangement. The 31st Fighter Wing moved in during 1994 after Torrejon Air Base in Spain closed, and the base then spent a decade as the busiest fighter field in Europe, flying Deny Flight and Deliberate Force over Bosnia and Allied Force over Kosovo from a ramp that had been built for a quieter war.<\/p>\n<p>The wing flies two F-16C\/D squadrons, and since 2018 the base has held the only American combat rescue helicopter squadron in Europe; its last HH-60G Pave Hawk mission was flown in December 2024 and the sixth and final HH-60W arrived in January 2026. Aviano is also one of the small number of European sites associated with the US nuclear-sharing arrangement, a status neither Washington nor Rome formally confirms. The single 2,990 m runway constrains the base; a large infrastructure programme in the 1990s and 2000s, &quot;Aviano 2000&quot;, rebuilt most of the ramps, shelters and support facilities.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"sat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Satellite<\/div>\n<h2>Aviano from above<\/h2>\n<div class=\"satfig\" id=\"satfig\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Enlarge the satellite view\">\n<div class=\"satimg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Aviano Air Base seen from above\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"satzoom\">Click to enlarge<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satcap\"><b>One runway, 2,990 m of asphalt.<\/b><span>Imagery: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics and the GIS user community<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satlb\" id=\"satlb\"><span class=\"satlbx\">Close<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"satbig\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Aviano Air Base seen from above, enlarged\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<style>#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=12.54898,46.01596,12.64482,46.04684\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=1600,743\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}#mfam .satbig{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=12.55185,46.01055,12.64195,46.05225\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=2048,1365\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}@media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=12.57465,46.01596,12.61915,46.04684\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=760,760\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}}<\/style>\n<div id=\"sat-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"sat-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><section class=\"pqband\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"pqrow\">\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>We don&rsquo;t like stupid people who play with other people&rsquo;s lives.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>Mauro Gilmozzi<\/b><span>Mayor of Cavalese, speaking five years after the cable-car disaster<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stripes.com\/news\/2003-02-02\/cavalese-italy-to-mark-anniversary-of-ski-gondola-tragedy-1950442.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Stars and Stripes<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>There&rsquo;s no place I&rsquo;d rather be because we&rsquo;re busy with a purpose and what we do matters.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>Colonel Beau Diers<\/b><span>Commander, 31st Fighter Wing, on taking command in July 2025<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stripes.com\/theaters\/europe\/2025-07-14\/diers-clark-aviano-strong-horrigan-vicenza-18438639.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Stars and Stripes<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Aviano Air Base in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Location &amp; codes<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>ICAO<\/dt>\n<dd>LIPA<\/dd>\n<dt>Country<\/dt>\n<dd>United States<\/dd>\n<dt>State<\/dt>\n<dd>Italy<\/dd>\n<dt>Coordinates<\/dt>\n<dd>46.0314 N, 12.5969 E<\/dd>\n<dt>Elevation<\/dt>\n<dd>126 m <span class=\"imp\">(413 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Usage<\/dt>\n<dd>Military<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Runways &amp; facilities<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Runways<\/dt>\n<dd>1<\/dd>\n<dt>Designator<\/dt>\n<dd>05\/23<\/dd>\n<dt>Length<\/dt>\n<dd>2,990 m <span class=\"imp\">(9,810 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Surface<\/dt>\n<dd>Asphalt<\/dd>\n<dt>Quick Reaction Alert<\/dt>\n<dd>None<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Command &amp; status<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>Active<span class=\"gnote\">Italian air base, USAF tenant wing<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Operator<\/dt>\n<dd>United States Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Opened<\/dt>\n<dd>1911<\/dd>\n<dt>Military use ended<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Command<\/dt>\n<dd>31st Fighter Wing<\/dd>\n<dt>Resident units<\/dt>\n<dd>4 current, 0 former<\/dd>\n<dt>Based types<\/dt>\n<dd>2<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"units\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Resident units<\/div>\n<h2>Who flies from Aviano Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oob\">\n<div><span>Current<\/span><em>4 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>31st Fighter Wing<small>Fighter wing &middot; active &middot; from 1994<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16C\/D Block 40 Fighting Falcon<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>510th Fighter Squadron<small>Buzzards &middot; Fighter squadron &middot; active &middot; from 1994<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16C\/D Block 40 Fighting Falcon<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>555th Fighter Squadron<small>Triple Nickel &middot; Fighter squadron &middot; active &middot; from 1994<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16C\/D Block 40 Fighting Falcon<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>56th Rescue Squadron<small>Combat rescue squadron &middot; active &middot; from 2018<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>HH-60W Jolly Green II<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Aircraft types based here<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\">F-16C\/D Block 40 Fighting Falcon<\/a>, HH-60W Jolly Green II<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"knownfor\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Claim to fame<\/div>\n<h2>What Aviano is known for<\/h2>\n<div class=\"kfgrid\">\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">01<\/div>\n<h3>The only US fighter wing south of the Alps<\/h3>\n<p>Aviano hosts the United States Air Force&rsquo;s 31st Fighter Wing, which its own fact sheet describes as the only American fighter wing stationed south of the Alps. That single sentence explains most of what the base is for: it puts two squadrons of F-16s on the Mediterranean side of the mountain wall, inside short reach of the Balkans, North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean. Everything else at Aviano exists to keep those jets flying.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The 31st Fighter Wing flies two F-16CM squadrons, the 510th and the 555th.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">02<\/div>\n<h3>An Italian base with an American tenant<\/h3>\n<p>Aviano is not an American base. It is an Italian Air Force airfield, formally the Aeroporto Pagliano e Gori, and the Aeronautica Militare retains command of it in order to guarantee national sovereignty and to administer the bilateral agreements under which the Americans are present. The Italian Comando Aeroporto runs the airfield services and provides technical and logistic support to the units deployed there.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The Italian Air Force describes its role at Aviano as overseeing the bilateral agreements governing the US presence and guaranteeing national sovereignty.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">03<\/div>\n<h3>The hub of the Balkans air wars<\/h3>\n<p>For most of the 1990s Aviano was the busiest and most consequential airfield in Europe. NATO&rsquo;s first combat action in its history was flown from here in February 1994, and the base then served as the principal launch point for Deny Flight, Deliberate Force and Allied Force. The 31st Fighter Wing flew nearly 9,000 combat sorties during the 1999 Kosovo campaign alone.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">During Operation Deny Flight the 31st Fighter Wing flew 1,644 sorties across 471 days.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">04<\/div>\n<h3>The Cavalese cable-car disaster<\/h3>\n<p>On 3 February 1998 a US Marine Corps EA-6B Prowler flying a low-level training route from Aviano severed the haul cable of the Cermis cable car above Cavalese in the Dolomites. The cabin fell and all twenty people aboard were killed. The crew were tried by American courts-martial rather than in Italy, and the outcome poisoned relations between the base and parts of the Italian public for years.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Twenty people died when the gondola fell; the aircraft&rsquo;s crew were acquitted of manslaughter and later convicted of obstruction of justice.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">05<\/div>\n<h3>Europe&rsquo;s combat rescue base<\/h3>\n<p>Alongside the fighters, Aviano is the home of American combat search and rescue in the theatre. The 56th Rescue Squadron flies the HH-60W Jolly Green II and the 57th Rescue Squadron provides the Guardian Angel pararescue teams. Stars and Stripes reported in January 2026 that Aviano is the only US air base in Europe or Africa hosting combat search-and-rescue helicopters.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The sixth and final HH-60W arrived at Aviano in mid-January 2026, completing the squadron&rsquo;s fleet.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">06<\/div>\n<h3>One airfield, several scattered sites<\/h3>\n<p>Aviano is not a single fenced rectangle but a set of separated compounds spread across the plain below the Piancavallo massif. Area F holds the runway, the flightline and most of the working base; Area 1, some distance away in the town of Aviano itself, holds the schools, chapel, library and community facilities. Smaller lettered areas hold civil engineering, contracting and sports grounds.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Base guidance tells newcomers they will typically only need to visit Area F and Area 1.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"deep\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Go deeper<\/div>\n<h2>The long version<\/h2>\n<div class=\"deep\">\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">01<\/span><span>The 31st Fighter Wing and the meaning of being south of the Alps<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The 31st Fighter Wing arrived at Aviano on 1 April 1994, having inactivated the same day at Homestead Air Force Base in Florida, and took on the 510th Fighter Squadron and the 555th Fighter Squadron with Block 40 F-16s. The 510th carry the Buzzards name; the 555th are universally the Triple Nickel. Both remain, now flying the F-16CM, and between them they are the entire permanently based American fighter force south of the Alpine watershed.<\/p>\n<p>That geography is the whole argument for the base. Every other USAF fighter wing in Europe sits north of the mountains, which adds tanker legs, transit time and weather risk to any mission aimed at the Mediterranean rim. From Aviano the Adriatic is minutes away and the Balkans, the central Mediterranean and the approaches to North Africa are all within practical reach. The wing states its mission plainly &mdash; secure the base, generate combat airpower, ready to deploy and fight from home &mdash; and stresses agile combat employment, dispersing to austere airfields rather than concentrating on one vulnerable ramp.<\/p>\n<p>The wing is more than its fighters. The 31st Operations Group, which manages over 970 people, controls the two fighter squadrons, the HH-60W rescue squadron, the Guardian Angel squadron, an air control squadron and an operational support squadron, and oversees a geographically separated MQ-9 unit in Romania. The 731st Munitions Squadron sits at Camp Darby in Tuscany. In July 2025 the post itself was downgraded: Brigadier General Tad Clark handed over to Colonel Beau Diers on 11 July, the last general officer to command the wing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">02<\/span><span>Pagliano e Gori: Italian sovereignty, American tenancy<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The legal reality of Aviano is easy to miss and worth getting right. The airfield belongs to Italy and is commanded by an Italian Air Force officer. Its formal name is the Aeroporto Pagliano e Gori, after two Caproni bomber airmen, Maurizio Pagliano and Luigi Gori, whose loss in the First World War the Aeronautica Militare commemorated a century later at the end of December 2017. The Italian Comando Aeroporto describes its task as supervising the bilateral agreements covering the American units deployed there, keeping the general airport services running, and providing technical and logistic support.<\/p>\n<p>In practice this produces an unusual double structure. The Americans run their own flying, maintenance, munitions, medical and support organisations through the 31st Fighter Wing, and the ramp, shelters and much of the built infrastructure are American- or NATO-funded. But the airfield itself, its sovereignty and the framework under which foreign forces use it remain Italian. The Aeronautica Militare has called Aviano the flagship of United States Air Forces in Europe while pointedly keeping national command of the ground it stands on.<\/p>\n<p>The arrangement has a large civilian dimension too. The base is among the more significant employers in the province of Pordenone: a union coordinator told Stars and Stripes in 2024 that about 760 Italians work there, some for four decades, and disputes over job cuts and pay have periodically spilled into strikes. American service families live dispersed in rented housing across the surrounding comuni rather than behind a fence, which makes the relationship with local councils an active, negotiated thing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">03<\/span><span>From a 1911 flying field to the ruins of 1945<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Aviano is among the oldest military airfields anywhere. The Aeronautica Militare records that the field was established on the Friuli plain in 1911, its first commander formally taking up the post on 19 April that year, placing its origins at the very beginning of Italian military aviation. During the First World War it was a front-line base: the Italian Air Force notes that some of the earliest aerial combat actions on record were flown from here, that the ace Francesco Baracca trained at the field, and that it became home to Caproni bomber squadrons.<\/p>\n<p>Between the wars the field was absorbed into the new Regia Aeronautica and expanded. In the Second World War it was used first by the Italians and then, after the 1943 armistice, by the Luftwaffe, which made it a significant airfield in the German defence of northern Italy. That made it a target. Allied bombing wrecked the place; by 1945 it had been pounded into near-uselessness, and it passed into British hands at the end of the war.<\/p>\n<p>The Italians brought it back into service in 1947, and the modern chapter opened with the NATO-era agreements of the mid-1950s. American units began rotating through, and for the rest of the Cold War the base was a forward operating location rather than the permanent home of a fighter wing. That changed only in 1994, when the collapse of Yugoslavia turned a useful Italian airfield with good access to the Adriatic into the most important piece of NATO real estate in southern Europe.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">04<\/span><span>The Balkans decade: Deny Flight, Deliberate Force and Allied Force<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>NATO fired its first shots in anger from Aviano. On 28 February 1994, enforcing the United Nations no-fly zone over Bosnia and Herzegovina under Operation Deny Flight, American F-16s intercepted a formation of Bosnian Serb light attack aircraft near Banja Luka and shot several of them down. SHAPE records this as the first combat action in NATO&rsquo;s history, forty-five years after the Alliance was founded. The fighters came from the 526th Fighter Squadron, then operating from Aviano; the 31st Fighter Wing did not activate at the base until five weeks later.<\/p>\n<p>What followed was a decade of escalating commitment. Across Deny Flight the 31st Fighter Wing flew 1,644 sorties over 471 days of no-fly-zone enforcement and close air support for United Nations forces on the ground. When the campaign turned from policing to bombing, Aviano was the launch point. NATO opened Operation Deliberate Force in the early hours of 30 August 1995 with a series of precision strikes, and calls it the Alliance&rsquo;s first air campaign; the wing&rsquo;s own heritage account credits it with 418 sorties in twenty-two days, while the 31st Operations Group fact sheet cites a much larger figure for the group as a whole.<\/p>\n<p>Kosovo in 1999 was of a different order again. Between March and June, during Operation Allied Force, the 31st Fighter Wing flew nearly 9,000 combat sorties and close to 40,000 hours of combat flying; the 555th passed 1,000 sorties on 27 May. Aviano&rsquo;s single runway carried a tempo far beyond anything the base was built for, with reinforcement aircraft packed onto a field that in peacetime supports two squadrons. It is the campaign that defines Aviano in institutional memory.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">05<\/span><span>Cavalese, 3 February 1998, and the long aftermath<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>On 3 February 1998 a US Marine Corps EA-6B Prowler, an electronic warfare aircraft from a Marine squadron deployed to Aviano, was flying a low-level training route through the Val di Fiemme in Trentino. Above the town of Cavalese it struck the haul cable of the Cermis cable car. The cable parted, the cabin fell to the valley floor, and all twenty people aboard were killed. There were no survivors. The aircraft, badly damaged, returned to Aviano. Those facts have never been in dispute.<\/p>\n<p>Almost everything afterwards was. Italian prosecutors sought to try the crew, but the case went to American military justice rather than to an Italian court. In March 1999 the pilot, Captain Richard Ashby, was acquitted by a court-martial of charges arising from the deaths, and the corresponding charges against the navigator, Captain Joseph Schweitzer, were dropped. Both were then prosecuted over a videotape shot aboard the aircraft in flight, which Schweitzer destroyed. Schweitzer pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice and conspiracy and was dismissed from the Marine Corps without imprisonment; Ashby was convicted on similar charges and in May 1999 sentenced to six months&rsquo; confinement, dismissal and forfeiture of all pay.<\/p>\n<p>The acquittals were received in Italy as an injustice, and the case became a standing grievance about the terms on which foreign forces operate on Italian soil. Compensation took years to settle, passing through both the Italian parliament and the United States Congress. Five years on, Stars and Stripes found the bitterness in Cavalese undiminished, residents convinced that procedural violations had been glossed over. Within the military the practical consequence was a hard tightening of low-level flying rules in Italy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">06<\/span><span>Aviano today: Area F, Aviano 2000, and the mountains at the end of the runway<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The base a visitor sees today is largely the product of one enormous building programme. Aviano 2000 was conceived to bed down two permanent F-16 squadrons on a field designed for rotational use, and it ran for well over a decade. United States Air Forces in Europe reported NATO contributions of 395 million dollars to the Air Force and 12 million to the Italian Air Force, alongside 174 American projects estimated at 138 million dollars. It produced dormitories, a communications centre, schools and child care, a medical treatment facility described as the single largest NATO-sponsored project, and the flightline utilities that sustain continuous fighter operations.<\/p>\n<p>The geography stayed awkward regardless. Aviano sits on the plain immediately beneath the Piancavallo massif, the southern rampart of the Dolomites, and the mountains rise abruptly a short distance north of the field. The base weather instruction notes the consequence: those mountains block radar returns from storms developing over them, and the portable Doppler radar on Area F cannot see storms within five to ten nautical miles because of its own cone of silence. Crews work with a known blind spot in the direction the weather usually comes from.<\/p>\n<p>The layout remains dispersed. Area F holds the runway, the flightline and most working functions; Area 1, in the town itself, holds the school, community centre, chapel, library and pool; civil engineering, contracting and sports fields occupy further lettered areas. Modernisation continues: the 56th Rescue Squadron completed its move from the HH-60G Pave Hawk to the HH-60W Jolly Green II when the sixth aircraft arrived in mid-January 2026, giving Europe and Africa their only resident American combat rescue helicopters.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Aviano, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1911<\/div>\n<p>A military flying field is established on the Friuli plain at Aviano, its first commander taking up the post on 19 April, making it one of the oldest military airfields in Italy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1917<\/div>\n<p>Caproni bomber airmen Maurizio Pagliano and Luigi Gori are lost in action; the airfield later carries their names as the Aeroporto Pagliano e Gori.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1943<\/div>\n<p>After the Italian armistice the Luftwaffe takes over the field, making Aviano part of the German air defence of northern Italy and a target for Allied bombing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1945<\/div>\n<p>The airfield, wrecked by bombing, passes into British hands at the end of the Second World War.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1947<\/div>\n<p>Italian military flying resumes at Aviano after post-war reconstruction.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1955<\/div>\n<p>Under NATO-era bilateral arrangements the United States begins operating rotational units from Aviano, a pattern that lasts through the Cold War.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1993<\/div>\n<p>Aviano becomes the principal NATO fighter base for Operation Deny Flight, enforcing the United Nations no-fly zone over Bosnia and Herzegovina.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1994<\/div>\n<p>On 28 February F-16s of the 526th Fighter Squadron flying from Aviano shoot down Bosnian Serb aircraft near Banja Luka, the first combat action in NATO&rsquo;s history.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1994<\/div>\n<p>On 1 April the 31st Fighter Wing inactivates at Homestead in Florida and activates at Aviano with the 510th and 555th Fighter Squadrons and Block 40 F-16s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1995<\/div>\n<p>On 2 June Captain Scott O&rsquo;Grady of the 555th Fighter Squadron is shot down over Bosnia flying from Aviano; he is recovered on 8 June by Marines from the USS Kearsarge.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1995<\/div>\n<p>NATO launches Operation Deliberate Force on 30 August, its first air campaign, with Aviano as the main land base for the strike packages.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1998<\/div>\n<p>On 3 February a Marine Corps EA-6B Prowler from Aviano severs the Cermis cable-car haul rope above Cavalese, killing twenty people.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1999<\/div>\n<p>American courts-martial acquit the Prowler pilot of charges arising from the deaths and later convict both aircrew of obstruction of justice over a destroyed videotape.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1999<\/div>\n<p>Between March and June the 31st Fighter Wing flies nearly 9,000 combat sorties from Aviano during Operation Allied Force over Kosovo and Serbia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2006<\/div>\n<p>The Aviano 2000 construction programme, funded largely by NATO, delivers its largest elements, including the medical treatment facility and an indoor range.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2013<\/div>\n<p>On 28 January an F-16 of the 555th Fighter Squadron crashes into the Adriatic, killing Major Lucas Gruenther; investigators attribute the accident to spatial disorientation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2025<\/div>\n<p>On 11 July Colonel Beau Diers takes command of the 31st Fighter Wing from Brigadier General Tad Clark, the last general officer to hold the post.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>The 56th Rescue Squadron completes its six-aircraft HH-60W Jolly Green II fleet, the only American combat rescue helicopters based in Europe or Africa.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"gallery\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">In pictures<\/div>\n<h2>Aviano, photographed<\/h2>\n<div class=\"galgrid\">\n<figure class=\"wide\"><span class=\"gim ph2\"><\/span><figcaption><b>An Aviano F-16 against the Carnic Alps<\/b>The 31st Fighter Wing has flown from beneath these mountains since 1994, when it moved up from Torrej&oacute;n in Spain.<span>Photo: Airman 1st Class Caleb House \/ US Air Force (public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><span class=\"gim ph3\"><\/span><figcaption><b>The fin of a 510th Fighter Squadron F-16<\/b>The Buzzards and the Triple Nickel both fly Block 40 Fighting Falcons.<span>Photo: Airman 1st Class Joseph Bartoszek \/ US Air Force (public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><span class=\"gim ph4\"><\/span><figcaption><b>Working the wing line at last light<\/b>A crew chief signals before a night sortie. Aviano keeps two fighter squadrons and Europe&rsquo;s only American rescue squadron on one runway.<span>Photo: Airman 1st Class Joseph Bartoszek \/ US Air Force (public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><span class=\"gim ph5\"><\/span><figcaption><b>In the cockpit at Aviano<\/b>Deny Flight, Deliberate Force and Allied Force were all flown from this ramp between 1993 and 1999.<span>Photo: Airman 1st Class Joseph Bartoszek \/ US Air Force (public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure><span class=\"gim ph6\"><\/span><figcaption><b>An F-16 over the base buildings<\/b>The single 2,990 m runway is the constraint Aviano has always worked around.<span>Photo: Airman 1st Class Deana Heitzman \/ US Air Force (public domain)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"video\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">On film<\/div>\n<h2>Aviano on film<\/h2>\n<div class=\"vidwrap\">\n<div class=\"vidfr\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/xmPGjVj2uTA\" title=\"31st Fighter Wing mission video\" loading=\"lazy\" allow=\"accelerometer; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div class=\"vidcap\"><b>31st Fighter Wing mission video<\/b> Third Air Force, via YouTube.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"incidents\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Incidents &amp; stories<\/div>\n<h2>What happened here<\/h2>\n<div class=\"inc\">\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">28 February 1994<\/div>\n<h3>NATO&rsquo;s first shots in anger are fired from Aviano<\/h3>\n<p>Enforcing the United Nations no-fly zone over Bosnia and Herzegovina under Operation Deny Flight, American F-16s intercepted a formation of Bosnian Serb light attack aircraft near Banja Luka and engaged them. SHAPE records the engagement as the first combat action in NATO&rsquo;s history, coming forty-five years after the Alliance was founded, and states that four Bosnian Serb fighter-bombers were shot down; other accounts put the figure higher. The fighters involved belonged to the 526th Fighter Squadron, which was then flying from Aviano, five weeks before the 31st Fighter Wing activated at the base. The engagement marked the point at which Aviano stopped being a rotational forward airfield and became NATO&rsquo;s operational centre of gravity in southern Europe.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/shape.nato.int\/page2148121621\">SHAPE, NATO<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">2 to 8 June 1995<\/div>\n<h3>Basher 52: the shootdown and recovery of Scott O&rsquo;Grady<\/h3>\n<p>On 2 June 1995 a US Air Force F-16 using the call sign Basher 52 was shot down by a Bosnian Serb SA-6 surface-to-air missile south of Bihac and west of Banja Luka. The pilot was Captain Scott O&rsquo;Grady of the 555th Fighter Squadron, flying from Aviano. He ejected and evaded capture on the ground for six days. On 8 June he was recovered by a force from the 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit and Amphibious Squadron Eight operating from the USS Kearsarge, using three CH-53E Super Stallions escorted by Cobras and Harriers, with NATO aircraft flying cover from Aviano and other European bases. The episode became the most widely reported single event of the Deny Flight years.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.usni.org\/magazines\/proceedings\/1995\/november\/recovery-basher-52\">US Naval Institute Proceedings<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">3 February 1998<\/div>\n<h3>The Cermis cable car is cut above Cavalese and twenty people die<\/h3>\n<p>A US Marine Corps EA-6B Prowler electronic warfare aircraft deployed to Aviano was flying a low-level training route through the Val di Fiemme in Trentino when it struck the haul cable of the Cermis cable car above the town of Cavalese. The cable parted and the cabin fell to the valley floor. All twenty people aboard were killed, among them the cable-car operator and passengers from several European countries. The crew of four returned the damaged aircraft to Aviano. Investigators established that the aircraft had been flying far below the authorised minimum altitude and considerably faster than permitted for the route.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stripes.com\/news\/2003-02-02\/cavalese-italy-to-mark-anniversary-of-ski-gondola-tragedy-1950442.html\">Stars and Stripes<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">March to May 1999<\/div>\n<h3>Acquittal on the deaths, conviction over a destroyed videotape<\/h3>\n<p>The Cavalese crew were tried by American courts-martial rather than in an Italian court. In March 1999 the pilot, Captain Richard Ashby, was acquitted of charges arising from the twenty deaths, and the corresponding charges against the navigator, Captain Joseph Schweitzer, were then dropped. Both men were prosecuted separately over a videotape shot aboard the aircraft during the flight, which Schweitzer had destroyed. Schweitzer pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice and conspiracy and was dismissed from the Marine Corps without imprisonment, the sentence being approved in early April 1999. Ashby was convicted of obstruction and conspiracy and in May 1999 was sentenced to six months&rsquo; confinement, dismissal and forfeiture of all pay and allowances. The acquittals on the deaths caused lasting anger in Italy.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/cbsnews.com\/news\/marine-pilot-gets-6-months\">CBS News<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">28 January 2013<\/div>\n<h3>An Aviano F-16 is lost in the Adriatic<\/h3>\n<p>An F-16 of the 555th Fighter Squadron crashed into the Adriatic Sea during a night training flight from Aviano. The pilot, Captain Lucas Gruenther, ejected but did not survive; he was posthumously promoted to major. The Air Force accident investigation board attributed the crash to spatial disorientation, citing a combination of the weather conditions, the pilot&rsquo;s use of night vision goggles, the attitude and high speed of the aircraft, and a breakdown in his visual scan. The loss was a reminder that the routine business of the base &mdash; night flying over water and among mountains in poor weather &mdash; carries its own risks quite apart from combat.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.airandspaceforces.com\/spatial-disorientation-caused-fatal-f-16-crash\/\">Air &amp; Space Forces Magazine<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">November 2024<\/div>\n<h3>Italian base workers walk out over job cuts<\/h3>\n<p>Italian nationals employed at Aviano planned a walkout in protest at cuts to exchange jobs on the base, a dispute that illuminated how deeply the installation is woven into the local labour market. A union coordinator, Angelo Zaccaria, told Stars and Stripes that about 760 Italians work at Aviano and that the loss of forty-four posts meant forty-four families losing their livelihood, some after as much as four decades of service. Italian staff at American bases in Italy are employed under collective agreements negotiated by national unions, a structure quite unlike ordinary base employment in the United States.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stripes.com\/theaters\/europe\/2024-11-01\/exchange-strike-aviano-airforce-army-15687435.html\">Stars and Stripes<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">June 2026<\/div>\n<h3>Italian officials boycott the base&rsquo;s Independence Day event<\/h3>\n<p>In the days before the 4 July 2026 Independence Day celebration at Aviano, the municipality of Pordenone announced that it would not take part, and Michelangelo Agrusti, president of the Confindustria Alto Adriatico business association, said he would not attend either. Both cited remarks by President Trump about Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni following a G7 summit, which Meloni publicly rejected. Pordenone&rsquo;s mayor, Alessandro Basso, said the underlying bond was not in question but that the relationship rested on mutual respect. The episode was a small but pointed demonstration of how the base&rsquo;s standing locally tracks the wider political weather between Rome and Washington.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stripes.com\/theaters\/europe\/2026-06-22\/trump-meloni-aviano-independence-day-22044899.html\">Stars and Stripes<\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"map\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Location<\/div>\n<h2>Aviano Air Base and its neighbours<\/h2>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\" style=\"height:440px\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"nearbytbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Nearby base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Based types<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr data-base=\"ramstein\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/ramstein\/\">Ramstein Air Base<\/a><\/td>\n<td>ETAR<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>C-130J Super Hercules, C-21A, C-37A\/B, No assigned aircraft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"spangdahlem\">\n<td>Spangdahlem Air Base<\/td>\n<td>ETAD<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>F-16CM\/DM Block 50 Fighting Falcon, No assigned aircraft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Aviano Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Is Aviano an American base or an Italian one?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It is an Italian Air Force base. The airfield is formally the Aeroporto Pagliano e Gori and is commanded by an Italian Air Force officer, whose declared task includes guaranteeing national sovereignty and administering the bilateral agreements under which American units are present. The United States Air Force is a tenant, albeit a very large one, and the Italian Comando Aeroporto provides airfield services and technical and logistic support.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What aircraft are based at Aviano?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The 31st Fighter Wing operates two squadrons of F-16CM Fighting Falcons, the 510th Fighter Squadron and the 555th Fighter Squadron. The 56th Rescue Squadron flies six HH-60W Jolly Green II combat rescue helicopters, having completed its transition from the HH-60G Pave Hawk in January 2026. The 57th Rescue Squadron provides Guardian Angel pararescue teams rather than aircraft.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why is Aviano described as the only US fighter wing south of the Alps?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Every other permanently based American fighter wing in Europe sits north of the Alpine chain. Aviano puts two F-16 squadrons on the Mediterranean side of the mountains, which removes a long transit and a weather barrier from any mission directed at the Balkans, the central Mediterranean or North Africa. The 31st Fighter Wing uses the phrase in its own official fact sheet.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened at Cavalese in 1998?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">On 3 February 1998 a US Marine Corps EA-6B Prowler flying a low-level training route from Aviano cut the haul cable of the Cermis cable car above Cavalese in Trentino. The cabin fell and all twenty people aboard were killed. The aircrew were tried by American courts-martial, acquitted of charges arising from the deaths, and later convicted of obstruction of justice for destroying a videotape filmed during the flight.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What role did Aviano play in the Kosovo campaign?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It was the principal land base for the air war. During Operation Allied Force between March and June 1999 the 31st Fighter Wing alone flew nearly 9,000 combat sorties and close to 40,000 hours of combat flying, with the 555th Fighter Squadron reaching 1,000 sorties on 27 May 1999. The base also hosted large numbers of reinforcing American and allied aircraft well beyond its normal peacetime complement.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Was Scott O&rsquo;Grady flying from Aviano when he was shot down?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. O&rsquo;Grady was a captain in the 555th Fighter Squadron at Aviano when his F-16, call sign Basher 52, was brought down by a Bosnian Serb surface-to-air missile over Bosnia on 2 June 1995. He evaded on the ground for six days before being recovered on 8 June by a Marine force flying from the USS Kearsarge, with NATO aircraft from Aviano and other bases flying cover.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How is the base laid out?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Aviano is spread across several separated compounds rather than one enclosure. Area F contains the runway, the flightline and most working functions. Area 1, in the town of Aviano itself, holds the school, community centre, chapel, library and pool. Smaller lettered areas house civil engineering, contracting and sports facilities. Newcomers are told they will normally only need Area F and Area 1.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What makes flying from Aviano difficult?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The field sits on the plain directly beneath the Piancavallo massif at the southern edge of the Dolomites, and the terrain rises steeply just north of the runway. The base weather instruction notes that the mountains block radar returns from storms forming over them, and that the local Doppler radar cannot see storms within roughly five to ten nautical miles. Crews therefore work with a known blind spot in the quarter from which weather usually arrives.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Aviano Air Base still an active military air base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Active (Italian air base, USAF tenant wing). The United States Air Force operates it as 31st Fighter Wing.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the ICAO code of Aviano Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The ICAO code of Aviano Air Base is LIPA. The airfield sits at 126 m above sea level in Italy, at 46.0314 N, 12.5969 E.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How long is the runway at Aviano Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Aviano Air Base has one runway: 05\/23, 2,990 m (9,810 ft), asphalt.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which squadrons are based at Aviano Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Aviano Air Base currently hosts 31st Fighter Wing flying the F-16C\/D Block 40 Fighting Falcon; 510th Fighter Squadron flying the F-16C\/D Block 40 Fighting Falcon; 555th Fighter Squadron flying the F-16C\/D Block 40 Fighting Falcon; 56th Rescue Squadron flying the HH-60W Jolly Green II.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Aviano an American base or an Italian one?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It is an Italian Air Force base. The airfield is formally the Aeroporto Pagliano e Gori and is commanded by an Italian Air Force officer, whose declared task includes guaranteeing national sovereignty and administering the bilateral agreements under which American units are present. The United States Air Force is a tenant, albeit a very large one, and the Italian Comando Aeroporto provides airfield services and technical and logistic support.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What aircraft are based at Aviano?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The 31st Fighter Wing operates two squadrons of F-16CM Fighting Falcons, the 510th Fighter Squadron and the 555th Fighter Squadron. The 56th Rescue Squadron flies six HH-60W Jolly Green II combat rescue helicopters, having completed its transition from the HH-60G Pave Hawk in January 2026. The 57th Rescue Squadron provides Guardian Angel pararescue teams rather than aircraft.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why is Aviano described as the only US fighter wing south of the Alps?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Every other permanently based American fighter wing in Europe sits north of the Alpine chain. Aviano puts two F-16 squadrons on the Mediterranean side of the mountains, which removes a long transit and a weather barrier from any mission directed at the Balkans, the central Mediterranean or North Africa. The 31st Fighter Wing uses the phrase in its own official fact sheet.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened at Cavalese in 1998?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"On 3 February 1998 a US Marine Corps EA-6B Prowler flying a low-level training route from Aviano cut the haul cable of the Cermis cable car above Cavalese in Trentino. The cabin fell and all twenty people aboard were killed. The aircrew were tried by American courts-martial, acquitted of charges arising from the deaths, and later convicted of obstruction of justice for destroying a videotape filmed during the flight.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What role did Aviano play in the Kosovo campaign?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It was the principal land base for the air war. During Operation Allied Force between March and June 1999 the 31st Fighter Wing alone flew nearly 9,000 combat sorties and close to 40,000 hours of combat flying, with the 555th Fighter Squadron reaching 1,000 sorties on 27 May 1999. The base also hosted large numbers of reinforcing American and allied aircraft well beyond its normal peacetime complement.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Was Scott O\\u2019Grady flying from Aviano when he was shot down?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. O\\u2019Grady was a captain in the 555th Fighter Squadron at Aviano when his F-16, call sign Basher 52, was brought down by a Bosnian Serb surface-to-air missile over Bosnia on 2 June 1995. He evaded on the ground for six days before being recovered on 8 June by a Marine force flying from the USS Kearsarge, with NATO aircraft from Aviano and other bases flying cover.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How is the base laid out?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Aviano is spread across several separated compounds rather than one enclosure. Area F contains the runway, the flightline and most working functions. Area 1, in the town of Aviano itself, holds the school, community centre, chapel, library and pool. Smaller lettered areas house civil engineering, contracting and sports facilities. Newcomers are told they will normally only need Area F and Area 1.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What makes flying from Aviano difficult?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The field sits on the plain directly beneath the Piancavallo massif at the southern edge of the Dolomites, and the terrain rises steeply just north of the runway. The base weather instruction notes that the mountains block radar returns from storms forming over them, and that the local Doppler radar cannot see storms within roughly five to ten nautical miles. Crews therefore work with a known blind spot in the quarter from which weather usually arrives.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Aviano Air Base still an active military air base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Active (Italian air base, USAF tenant wing). The United States Air Force operates it as 31st Fighter Wing.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the ICAO code of Aviano Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The ICAO code of Aviano Air Base is LIPA. The airfield sits at 126 m above sea level in Italy, at 46.0314 N, 12.5969 E.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long is the runway at Aviano Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Aviano Air Base has one runway: 05\/23, 2,990 m (9,810 ft), asphalt.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which squadrons are based at Aviano Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Aviano Air Base currently hosts 31st Fighter Wing flying the F-16C\/D Block 40 Fighting Falcon; 510th Fighter Squadron flying the F-16C\/D Block 40 Fighting Falcon; 555th Fighter Squadron flying the F-16C\/D Block 40 Fighting Falcon; 56th Rescue Squadron flying the HH-60W Jolly Green II.\"}}]}<\/script><section id=\"fly\">\n<div class=\"ad\">\n<div class=\"adin\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The part of the collection you can touch<\/div>\n<h2>You cannot fly from this base. You can fly the jet.<\/h2>\n<p class=\"adp\">MiGFlug flies the L-39 Albatros out of Florida &mdash; the same jet trainer that taught most of the air forces on the other side of the Cold War, in a real second seat with aerobatics and time on the controls.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/l-39-albatros-florida\/\">Fly the L-39 Albatros in Florida<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Aviano Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-states-air-force\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The operator<\/span><span class=\"rh\">United States Air Force<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Fleet, bases and order of battle of the service that flies from here.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the United States Air Force page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-16-fighting-falcon\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Based here<\/span><span class=\"rh\">F-16C\/D Block 40 Fighting Falcon<\/span><span class=\"rp\">History, specifications and stories in the Book of Beasts.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the F-16C\/D Block 40 Fighting Falcon story<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aviano.af.mil\/About-Us\/Fact-Sheets\/Display\/Article\/280335\/31st-fighter-wing\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">31st Fighter Wing fact sheet<\/a><span>Aviano Air Base. The wing, its squadrons and its Balkans record.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presidency.ucsb.edu\/documents\/remarks-operation-allied-force-troops-aviano-air-base-italy\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Remarks on Operation Allied Force to troops at Aviano Air Base<\/a><span>The American Presidency Project, 22 June 1999.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.airforcetimes.com\/news\/your-air-force\/2019\/06\/19\/start-finding-me-boys-inside-the-rescue-of-lt-col-dave-goldfein\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Inside the rescue of Lt Col Dave Goldfein<\/a><span>Air Force Times, 2019. The 555th Fighter Squadron commander shot down over Serbia in 1999.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/theaviationist.com\/2024\/12\/30\/final-active-duty-hh-60g-mission-aviano\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Final active-duty HH-60G mission flown at Aviano<\/a><span>The Aviationist, December 2024. The end of the Pave Hawk in active-duty service.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stripes.com\/branches\/air_force\/2026-01-27\/aviano-receives-final-jolly-green-rescue-chopper-20541473.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aviano receives its final Jolly Green rescue helicopter<\/a><span>Stars and Stripes, 27 January 2026. The sixth and last HH-60W arrives.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalsecurity.org\/military\/agency\/usaf\/tailmark.htm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">GlobalSecurity.org: Air Force Aircraft Tail Markings<\/a><span>two-letter tail codes by wing and base<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aviano.af.mil\/About-Us\/Fact-Sheets\/Display\/Article\/280335\/31st-fighter-wing\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">31st Fighter Wing fact sheet<\/a><span>Official statement of the wing mission, its squadrons, the rescue and air control squadrons, the 731st Munitions Squadron at Camp Darby, and the phrase describing it as the only US fighter wing south of the Alps.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aviano.af.mil\/Portals\/1\/documents\/31%20FW%20HERITAGE%20PAMPHLET_8%20Jan%2014.pdf?ver=2016-09-23-052357-163\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">A History of the 31st Fighter Wing (heritage pamphlet)<\/a><span>Official wing history: the 1 April 1994 move from Homestead to Aviano, Block 40 F-16s, Deny Flight and Deliberate Force sortie figures, the Allied Force totals and O&rsquo;Grady&rsquo;s squadron.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aeronautica.difesa.it\/organizzazione\/AC_RRAA\/CSA\/CFC\/Pagine\/aviano.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Comando Aeroporto di Aviano, Aeronautica Militare<\/a><span>Italian Air Force account of the 1911 founding and 19 April 1911 first commander, the Pagliano e Gori name, the First World War history including Baracca and the Caproni squadrons, and the command&rsquo;s role in overseeing the bilateral agreements.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usafe.af.mil\/News\/Article-Display\/Article\/256786\/construction-gives-aviano-new-look\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Construction gives Aviano new look, US Air Forces in Europe<\/a><span>The Aviano 2000 programme: NATO contributions of 395 million dollars to the Air Force and 12 million to the Italian Air Force, 174 US projects at some 138 million dollars, and the facilities delivered including the medical treatment facility.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/shape.nato.int\/page2148121621\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SHAPE History: the first combat action by NATO forces, 1994<\/a><span>NATO&rsquo;s own record that on 28 February 1994 NATO aircraft shot down four Bosnian Serb fighter-bombers violating the no-fly zone, the Alliance&rsquo;s first combat action, under Operation Deny Flight.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usni.org\/magazines\/proceedings\/1995\/november\/recovery-basher-52\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Recovery of Basher 52, US Naval Institute Proceedings, November 1995<\/a><span>Contemporaneous account of the 2 June 1995 shootdown, the Basher 52 call sign, the flight from Aviano, and the 8 June recovery by the 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit from the USS Kearsarge.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cbsnews.com\/news\/marine-pilot-gets-6-months\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Marine pilot gets 6 months, CBS News<\/a><span>Captain Richard Ashby&rsquo;s March 1999 acquittal on charges arising from the twenty deaths, his conviction for obstruction and conspiracy, and the May 1999 sentence of six months, dismissal and forfeiture of pay.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stripes.com\/news\/2003-02-02\/cavalese-italy-to-mark-anniversary-of-ski-gondola-tragedy-1950442.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Cavalese, Italy, to mark anniversary of ski gondola tragedy, Stars and Stripes<\/a><span>The disaster&rsquo;s facts and the state of local feeling five years on, including the quoted remark by Cavalese mayor Mauro Gilmozzi.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stripes.com\/theaters\/europe\/2024-11-01\/exchange-strike-aviano-airforce-army-15687435.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Italian AAFES workers plan walkout in protest of job cuts at US base in Aviano, Stars and Stripes<\/a><span>The figure of about 760 Italian employees at Aviano, the forty-four posts at risk, and the collective bargaining structure covering Italian staff at US bases.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stripes.com\/theaters\/europe\/2025-07-14\/diers-clark-aviano-strong-horrigan-vicenza-18438639.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">US air base in Aviano switches to colonel in command, Stars and Stripes<\/a><span>The 11 July 2025 change of command from Brigadier General Tad Clark to Colonel Beau Diers, the shift to a colonel commanding the wing, and the quoted remark by Diers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stripes.com\/theaters\/europe\/2026-06-22\/trump-meloni-aviano-independence-day-22044899.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Italian officials skip US base celebrations amid Trump-Meloni spat, Stars and Stripes<\/a><span>The June 2026 decision by Pordenone and by Confindustria Alto Adriatico not to attend the Aviano Independence Day event, with the named officials and their stated reasons.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.airandspaceforces.com\/spatial-disorientation-caused-fatal-f-16-crash\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Spatial Disorientation Caused Fatal F-16 Crash, Air &amp; Space Forces Magazine<\/a><span>The 28 January 2013 loss of an Aviano F-16 of the 555th Fighter Squadron in the Adriatic, the death of Major Lucas Gruenther, and the accident board&rsquo;s finding of spatial disorientation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-09-13.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/usaf-aviano-hero.jpg)!important}#mfam 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