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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; Germany<\/div>\n<h1>German Naval Aviation<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Marineflieger &middot; Deutsche Marine<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">German naval aviation is an air arm with no carrier and no fighters, concentrated on a single airfield at Nordholz, and it has just replaced almost everything it flies &mdash; the P-3C Orion gone in November 2025 after a modernisation that was abandoned when its costs stopped being calculable, the Sea King retired in 2024, the Sea Lynx going by the end of 2026, and the P-8A Poseidon, the NH90 Sea Lion and the NH90 Sea Tiger arriving in its place.<\/p>\n<div class=\"marks\">\n<div class=\"mcol\">\n<div class=\"mark\"><span class=\"mk\">National marking<b>The Eisernes Kreuz, laid down by Federal President Theodor Heuss in 1956 and carried with the German flag on the fin &mdash; the same marking the Luftwaffe and the army aviation wear. Germany has never used a separate naval marking<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mark\"><span class=\"mk\">Low-visibility<b>A subdued grey cross on the P-8A, the NH90 and the Sea Lynx, as on every other German military aircraft since the 1990s<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mark\"><span class=\"mk\">Serial<b>Two two-digit blocks split by a cross and written with a plus sign. Naval aviation has its own number blocks: 60+ and 61+ for the Atlantic, 60+ for the P-3C, 63+ for the P-8A, 83+ for the Sea Lynx and 89+ for the Sea King. The system dates from 1968<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Combat aircraft<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>4<\/b><span>Active air bases<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1956<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>24<\/b><span>Types retired<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Edgar Grimaldo \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Germany<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1956<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Marinefliegerkommando, Nordholz<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Commander<\/b>Kapit&#228;n zur See Broder Nielsen<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>The German Naval Aviation story: no carrier, no fighters, one airfield &mdash; and a fleet replaced twice over<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1913&ndash;1918: a cabinet order, twenty seaplanes and the Zeppelin sheds at Nordholz<\/h3>\n<p>German naval aviation began with a cabinet order of 3 May 1913 that set up an airship section at Berlin-Johannisthal and a group of aeroplanes at Putzig on the Baltic. When the war started in August 1914 the Kaiserliche Marine had about twenty usable seaplanes, fifteen civil machines taken over on mobilisation, and thirty trained naval flying officers. What it had instead of aeroplanes was airships, and the base it built for them was Nordholz, laid out from 17 December 1912 in the marshes behind Cuxhaven; the Zeppelin L 3 landed there on 2 September 1914 and the raids on England began from there in 1915. It is a strange founding story for a service that now hunts submarines: the first thing German naval aviation did at scale was bomb cities from lighter-than-air craft, badly and at ruinous cost in crews. On 23 June 1919, the day the fleet was scuttled at Scapa Flow, the ground crews at Nordholz destroyed six Zeppelins in their sheds rather than hand them over.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1935&ndash;1945: G&#246;ring takes the aeroplanes, and a carrier that never sailed<\/h3>\n<p>Between the wars the Reichsmarine officially had no naval aviation at all, and kept a hidden one through cover firms such as SEVERA. When rearmament came, the navy lost the argument that mattered: Hermann G&#246;ring&rsquo;s principle that everything that flies belongs to him was applied to naval aviation too, and on 27 January 1939 the naval flying units passed formally to the Luftwaffe. What was left was a compromise. From 21 August 1939 tactical control of the coastal units went to the navy through two commands, F&#252;hrer der Luft (West) at Jever and F&#252;hrer der Luft (Ost) at Dievenow, and the shipboard flight, Bordfliegergruppe 196, put Arado Ar 196 floatplanes on the battleships and cruisers with a Luftwaffe crew and a Kriegsmarine observer. Germany went to war with sixteen seaplane squadrons and three carrier squadrons. The carrier they were meant to fly from, <em>Graf Zeppelin<\/em>, was laid down on 28 December 1936 and launched on 8 December 1938, and never carried an aeroplane; her air group, Tr&#228;gergruppe 186, formed at Kiel-Holtenau in 1939 and was absorbed into ordinary Luftwaffe units. In 1942 the coastal squadrons were stripped to fill bomber wings, and in March 1944 the last maritime air command, Fliegerf&#252;hrer Atlantik, was folded into X. Fliegerkorps. The lesson the Bundesmarine drew from all of this was simple and is still the organising principle of the Marineflieger: a navy that does not own its own aircraft does not get any.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1956&ndash;1965: Sea Hawks, Gannets and a naval air arm built from nothing<\/h3>\n<p>The Bundesmarine therefore built an air arm of its own from the first year it was allowed to. The Kommando der Marineflieger was set up at Kiel-Holtenau on 16 July 1956, the 1. Marinefliegergruppe followed on 1 April 1957 at Jagel and the 2. Marinefliegergruppe on 1 April 1958, and the first aircraft were British: sixty-eight Hawker Sea Hawk Mk 100 and Mk 101 fighter-bombers delivered between November 1957 and February 1959, and sixteen Fairey Gannets &mdash; fifteen AS.4 and one T.5 trainer &mdash; which began flying from Jagel on 1 August 1958 as the arm&rsquo;s first submarine hunters. Crews trained with the Royal Navy and the United States Navy because there was nobody in Germany left to teach them. It was a hard start. Fifteen Sea Hawks were written off between 1957 and 1965 and ten pilots were killed, which would have been a scandal in any other decade; it was about to be overtaken by something worse.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1963&ndash;1986: the Starfighter years, and what the Baltic mission really was<\/h3>\n<p>From the spring of 1963 the Marineflieger converted to the Lockheed F-104G Starfighter, and took 168 of the 916 Starfighters delivered to the Bundeswehr. The type is remembered in Germany as the Witwenmacher, and the naval share of the crisis was real: MFG 1 alone flew about 112,000 hours on the F-104 and lost thirty-eight aircraft in major accidents with eleven pilots killed. What the naval Starfighters were actually for is less well known than the accident figures. They were the Baltic anti-shipping force &mdash; a low-level, single-pass strike arm meant to hit Warsaw Pact amphibious shipping in the narrows, first with French air-to-surface missiles and from 1977 with the German Kormoran sea-skimmer &mdash; while the RF-104G reconnaissance machines flew the Eastern Express sorties over the eastern Baltic to watch the Soviet and Polish fleets. MFG 1 gave up its Starfighters in 1981, MFG 2 in the summer of 1986.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1981&ndash;2005: the Tornado, the Kormoran, and the end of naval fighter-bomber flying<\/h3>\n<p>The Tornado replaced them, and the Marineflieger got it first: MFG 1 at Jagel took the Bundeswehr&rsquo;s first aircraft in 1981 and became its first operational Tornado unit on 2 July 1982, ahead of the Luftwaffe. The navy received 112 of the 357 Tornados built for Germany, split between MFG 1 at Jagel and MFG 2 at Eggebek, armed with the Kormoran against ships and later with HARM against radars. The end came for political and budget reasons rather than operational ones. MFG 1 was disbanded on 31 December 1993, ten of its Tornados and its second squadron going to MFG 2; the decision to give up naval fighter-bombers altogether was taken in 2003, the last aircraft left Eggebek for N&#246;rvenich in June 2005 and MFG 2 was deactivated on 9 August 2005. The maritime strike role went to the Luftwaffe wing at Jagel, which had inherited the airfield. Germany has had no naval combat aircraft since.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2006&ndash;2026: the Orion that cost a billion euros, and the fleet that replaced everything<\/h3>\n<p>What was left was maritime patrol and helicopters, and both have been rebuilt in the last three years after a long and unhappy interval. The Breguet Atlantic served from 1965 to 2005 and its five converted signals-intelligence aircraft to 20 June 2010. Their replacement was eight second-hand Dutch P-3C Orions, agreed on 13 July 2004 and contracted on 22 November 2004 for an estimated 366 million euros; the aircraft arrived at Nordholz in poor condition, costs passed a billion euros by 2014, the Bundesrechnungshof said so in public, and in 2025 the modernisation was abandoned because the total cost could no longer be calculated. The Orion went out of service on 20 November 2025, ten years earlier than planned, on the same day the first Boeing P-8A Poseidon was commissioned at Nordholz. The helicopters went the same way: the Sea King Mk 41 flew its last sortie on 15 August 2024 after 14,645 rescue missions and was replaced by eighteen NH90 Sea Lions, and the Sea Lynx Mk 88A, in service since 1981, past 120,000 flying hours and grounded fleet-wide twice, in 2014 and again from 2023, gives way to thirty-one NH90 Sea Tigers from January 2027. It is the most complete re-equipment in the arm&rsquo;s history, and it happened because the previous attempt failed so expensively that doing nothing stopped being possible.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">Between the wars the Reichsmarine officially had no naval aviation at all, and kept a hidden one through cover firms such as SEVERA.<cite>German Naval Aviation &middot; verified 2026-09-20<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>The German Naval Aviation in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Service<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Native name<\/dt>\n<dd>Marineflieger<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>The command is the Marinefliegerkommando at Nordholz<\/li>\n<li>Its two flying units are Marinefliegergeschwader 3 &quot;Graf Zeppelin&quot; and Marinefliegergeschwader 5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">The word covers the whole air arm of the Deutsche Marine. It is not a separate service: the Marineflieger are part of the navy, and the navy is one of the Bundeswehr&rsquo;s military branches alongside the Heer, the Luftwaffe, the Streitkr&#228;ftebasis and the Cyber- und Informationsraum.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Founded<\/dt>\n<dd>16 July 1956 (origins 3 May 1913)<span class=\"gnote\">The Kommando der Marineflieger was set up at Kiel-Holtenau on 16 July 1956 with the status of a brigade staff. The lineage runs back to the cabinet order of 3 May 1913 that created an airship section at Berlin-Johannisthal and an aeroplane group at Putzig, but the Bundeswehr does not treat itself as the continuation of either the Kaiserliche Marine&rsquo;s or the Kriegsmarine&rsquo;s flying service.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Part of<\/dt>\n<dd>Deutsche Marine<span class=\"gnote\">Three major commands make up the operational navy: Einsatzflottille 1 at Kiel, Einsatzflottille 2 at Wilhelmshaven and the Marinefliegerkommando at Nordholz. The naval air arm answers to the Marinekommando at Rostock and through it to the Inspekteur der Marine.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Command lineage<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Kommando der Marineflieger, Kiel-Holtenau, 16 July 1956<\/li>\n<li>Division status from 7 February 1964; Marinefliegerkommando from 1 January 1967<\/li>\n<li>Marinefliegerdivision from 11 July 1969<\/li>\n<li>Flottille der Marineflieger from 1 April 1994, back to brigade level<\/li>\n<li>Disbanded 30 June 2006; wings placed directly under the Flottenkommando<\/li>\n<li>Marinefliegerkommando re-established at Nordholz on 8 October 2012<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">The 2006 disbandment left German naval aviation with no commander of its own for six years, which is one reason the P-3C programme drifted as long as it did. The 2012 re-establishment put both wings and every naval airframe back under a single one-star-equivalent command on one airfield.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>What it does not have<\/dt>\n<dd>No carrier, no fighters, no fixed-wing combat aircraft<span class=\"gnote\">German naval fighter-bomber aviation ended on 9 August 2005 with the deactivation of Marinefliegergeschwader 2, and the maritime strike role passed to the Luftwaffe&rsquo;s Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 &quot;Immelmann&quot; at Jagel. The only German aircraft carrier ever launched, <em>Graf Zeppelin<\/em>, never embarked an aeroplane and was sunk as a target in 1947.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Who flies what in Germany<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Marine &mdash; the NH90 NTH Sea Lion and the NH90 MRFH Sea Tiger, the P-8A Poseidon, the Sea Lynx and the Do 228 LM<\/li>\n<li>Heer &mdash; the NH90 TTH, the H145M LUH SOF and the H145 LUH SAR, and the Tiger<\/li>\n<li>Luftwaffe &mdash; no NH90 of any version<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">This trips up almost every published order of battle for Germany. The Luftwaffe operates no NH90: the tactical transport version belongs to the army and the two naval versions belong to the navy. The H145 LUH SAR that flies the national search and rescue service from Holzdorf, Niederstetten and N&#246;rvenich is an army aircraft, not an air force one.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Strength<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Personnel<\/dt>\n<dd>about 2,500<span class=\"gnote\">Roughly 2,500 military and civilian personnel across Marinefliegergeschwader 3 and Marinefliegergeschwader 5, plus a command staff of about seventy at the Marinefliegerkommando. The navy as a whole is about 16,000 strong, so naval aviation is close to a sixth of it.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>about 45<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Maritime patrol &mdash; 3 P-8A Poseidon confirmed delivered, of eight contracted<\/li>\n<li>Pollution surveillance &mdash; 2 Dornier 228 LM<\/li>\n<li>Search and rescue and transport &mdash; 18 NH90 NTH Sea Lion<\/li>\n<li>Shipborne anti-submarine &mdash; about 22 Sea Lynx Mk 88A, out of service by the end of 2026<\/li>\n<li>Shipborne anti-submarine, incoming &mdash; NH90 MRFH Sea Tiger, first delivered 16 December 2025<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">A moving target in 2026, because three types are arriving and one is leaving in the same year. The Sea Lynx figure is the fleet total rather than the number flying; the type is in its run-down year.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>The Poseidon buy<\/dt>\n<dd>8 contracted, 3 confirmed delivered<span class=\"gnote\">Five aircraft were contracted in June 2021 and finalised in September 2021 for about 1.31 billion dollars, and the Bundestag budget committee approved three more plus a simulator in November 2023, making eight. Three had been delivered by April 2026 and the navy expected two more by September 2026. Published cost figures differ because they count different things: the defence ministry has given about 3.1 billion euros for the programme, while a figure of about 2.4 billion euros circulates for the aircraft alone.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Helicopters<\/dt>\n<dd>18 Sea Lion, 31 Sea Tiger on contract<span class=\"gnote\">Eighteen NH90 NTH Sea Lion, contracted in 2015, with the last of them handed over at Donauw&#246;rth on 26 January 2023 and flown to Nordholz on 31 January. Thirty-one NH90 MRFH Sea Tiger are on order for the frigates of the F124, F125 and F126 classes, the first handed over on 16 December 2025 and the rest running to 2030.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Serviceability<\/dt>\n<dd>the Wehrbeauftragte&rsquo;s long-running complaint<span class=\"gnote\">The Parliamentary Commissioner for the Armed Forces reported repeatedly through the 2010s that the P-3C fleet could rarely put more than a fraction of its eight aircraft in the air, and the Bundesrechnungshof found the aircraft had been bought in poor technical condition. The Sea Lynx fleet was grounded in September 2014 over structural cracks in the tail rotor heads and flight restrictions were not fully lifted until January 2017. On charge and available have never been the same number in this arm.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Ships that carry them<\/dt>\n<dd>frigates, corvettes and support ships<span class=\"gnote\">The Sea Lynx and its Sea Tiger successor fly from the navy&rsquo;s frigates; the Sea Lion flies from the <em>Berlin<\/em>-class replenishment ships and ashore on search and rescue. The navy has no aviation ship of its own beyond that &mdash; no carrier, no landing platform dock &mdash; which is why the whole arm is based ashore at one airfield.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Infrastructure<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Air stations<\/dt>\n<dd>1<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Marinefliegerst&#252;tzpunkt Nordholz (ETMN) &mdash; everything<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">German naval aviation flies from exactly one airfield. Kiel-Holtenau was given up in 2012, Eggebek closed in 2005, Jagel went to the Luftwaffe in the 1990s, and the Marinefliegerlehrgruppe left Westerland on Sylt in 1997. A helicopter detachment goes to sea in a ship rather than to another base.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Runway<\/dt>\n<dd>2,440 m at Nordholz<span class=\"gnote\">One runway, 08\/26, 2,440 by 45 metres in concrete, at an elevation of 23 metres. It is shared with a small civil airport, Cuxhaven-Nordholz, which uses the IATA code FCN.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Closed naval air stations<\/dt>\n<dd>5 in this dataset<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Kiel-Holtenau &mdash; MFG 5 moved out between June and November 2012 and the last naval aircraft left on 28 March 2013; now a civil airfield<\/li>\n<li>Eggebek &mdash; closed 2005, now a solar park<\/li>\n<li>Westerland on Sylt &mdash; naval training left in 1997, the last military unit in March 2006<\/li>\n<li>Seefliegerhorst Schleswig on the Schlei &mdash; a Luftwaffe seaplane station, the barracks given up in 2003<\/li>\n<li>Parow near Stralsund &mdash; the Volksmarine helicopter base, now the Marinetechnikschule<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Jagel is not closed: it is an active Luftwaffe base and the wing there, Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 &quot;Immelmann&quot;, is the direct successor to the Marineflieger&rsquo;s strike role.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>The museum next door<\/dt>\n<dd>Aeronauticum, Nordholz<span class=\"gnote\">The German airship and naval aviation museum stands on the site of the old Zeppelin sheds beside the base. It has a Br&eacute;guet Atlantic and, since 2025, one of the retired P-3C Orions, which had to be moved by road from the airfield &mdash; the reason a good many people in Germany know Nordholz at all.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Fleet base served<\/dt>\n<dd>Wilhelmshaven (Heppenser Groden)<span class=\"gnote\">The largest German naval base, opened on 9 August 1968, about 292 hectares of which 96 are water, headquarters of Einsatzflottille 2 and home to the frigates the shipborne helicopters embark in. Nordholz is roughly seventy kilometres up the coast from it.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"structure\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Structure<\/div>\n<h2>How the German Naval Aviation is organised<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">One command at Nordholz over two flying wings, and nothing else. <span class=\"imp\">German naval aviation had no commander of its own at all between 30 June 2006 and 8 October 2012, which is part of why the P-3C Orion programme was allowed to drift into a billion-euro failure with nobody in the navy owning it.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"org\">\n<div class=\"cmdcard\"><span class=\"cface mono\">KZ<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"cmdtx\"><span class=\"crank\">Kapit&#228;n zur See<\/span><b>Kapit&#228;n zur See Broder Nielsen<\/b><span class=\"cmeta\">Kommandeur des Marinefliegerkommandos &middot; in office since 2022<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmdorg\"><span>Marinefliegerkommando<\/span><em>Marineflieger<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgrow\">\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Command<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Marinefliegerkommando<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">MFlgKdo<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Nordholz<\/div>\n<p>The organic command of German naval aviation, at Nordholz, under the Marinekommando at Rostock. It owns every naval aircraft and both flying wings and is responsible for personnel, operations, technical and logistic support, and doctrine and training. Re-established on 8 October 2012, taking over the Abteilung M Air of the disbanded Flottenkommando; its own staff is about seventy. Commanded by Kapit&#228;n zur See Broder Nielsen since 18 November 2022.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Maritime patrol wing<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Marinefliegergeschwader 3 &quot;Graf Zeppelin&quot;<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">MFG 3<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Nordholz<\/div>\n<p>The fixed-wing wing, formed on 1 June 1964 and named on 9 July 1967 after the airship pioneer whose sheds stood on the same ground. Wide-area maritime surveillance, anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare, and marine pollution monitoring with the Boeing P-8A Poseidon and two Dornier 228 LM. It will operate the MQ-9B SeaGuardian from 2028. Commanded by Kapit&#228;n zur See Oliver Ottm&#252;ller since 3 April 2020.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Helicopter wing<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Marinefliegergeschwader 5<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">MFG 5<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Nordholz<\/div>\n<p>The helicopter wing, formed at Kiel-Holtenau on 4 January 1958 to meet West Germany&rsquo;s ICAO obligation to provide air rescue, and at Nordholz since 2012. It runs maritime search and rescue over the North Sea and the Baltic with the NH90 NTH Sea Lion, provides the shipborne helicopters for the frigates with the Sea Lynx and now the NH90 MRFH Sea Tiger, and supports the naval special forces. Commanded by Fregattenkapit&#228;n Thorsten Werning since 5 September 2025.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Fleet the air arm serves<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Einsatzflottille 2<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">EinsFltl 2<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Wilhelmshaven<\/div>\n<p>The surface flotilla at Wilhelmshaven whose frigates embark the naval helicopters. Aircraft do not belong to ships in the German Navy: a section of aircraft, crews and maintainers is assigned to a ship from MFG 5 for a deployment and returns to Nordholz afterwards.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Gone: the fighter-bomber wings<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Marinefliegergeschwader 1 und 2<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">MFG 1 \/ MFG 2<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Jagel \/ Eggebek<\/div>\n<p>The Baltic anti-shipping force. MFG 1 at Jagel from 1 April 1957 and MFG 2 at Eggebek from 1965, flying Sea Hawks, then 168 F-104G Starfighters, then 112 Tornado IDS with the Kormoran and later the HARM. MFG 1 was disbanded on 31 December 1993 and MFG 2 deactivated on 9 August 2005, ending German naval fighter-bomber aviation. The role passed to the Luftwaffe&rsquo;s Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 at Jagel.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Gone: the training group<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Marinefliegerlehrgruppe<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">MFLG<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Westerland, Sylt<\/div>\n<p>The naval air arm&rsquo;s school, formed 1 April 1963 at Eckernf&#246;rde, re-formed 1 October 1968 at Jagel and at Westerland on Sylt from 1972. It trained technical ground crews, flight safety and flight operations staff, and ran the sea survival courses for Bundeswehr and allied aircrew. Dissolved in 1997; its courses went to the Marinetechnikschule at Parow.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Gone: the East German wings<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Marinehubschraubergeschwader 18 und Marinefliegergeschwader 28<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">MHG 18 \/ MFG 28<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Parow \/ Laage<\/div>\n<p>The Volksmarine&rsquo;s air arm. MHG 18 &quot;Kurt Barthel&quot; at Parow flew Mi-8s and amphibious Mi-14s for anti-submarine work, mine clearance and Baltic rescue, passed to the Bundeswehr on 3 October 1990 and flew on as the Marinehubschraubergruppe Parow until 29 September 1994. MFG 28 &quot;Paul Wieczorek&quot; at Laage, a Su-22M4 strike wing handed to the navy in the spring of 1990, was dissolved on 31 December 1990.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Before 1945<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Bordfliegergruppe 196 und die K&#252;stenfliegergruppen<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">Seeflieger<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Wilhelmshaven<\/div>\n<p>Not part of this service&rsquo;s tradition, and included for the record. From 27 January 1939 every German naval aircraft belonged to the Luftwaffe; the Kriegsmarine kept only tactical control of the coastal units, through F&#252;hrer der Luft (West) at Jever and F&#252;hrer der Luft (Ost) at Dievenow from 21 August 1939. Bordfliegergruppe 196 flew the Arado Ar 196 floatplanes from warship catapults with a Luftwaffe crew and a naval observer. The coastal squadrons were stripped in 1942 and the last maritime command was merged away in March 1944.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">In service<\/div>\n<h2>What the German Naval Aviation flies today<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type on charge, linked to its Book of Beasts page where one exists. <span class=\"imp\">Counts are aircraft on the books, not aircraft available on a given day.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-yr\">\n<col class=\"c-units\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">In service<\/th>\n<th>Since<\/th>\n<th>Units<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph2\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Boeing P-8A Poseidon<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol: wide-area surveillance, anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>2025<\/td>\n<td>Marinefliegergeschwader 3 &quot;Graf Zeppelin&quot;<\/td>\n<td>Three confirmed delivered by April 2026, of eight on contract. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Five were ordered in June 2021 and the purchase finalised on 28 September 2021; the Bundestag budget committee approved three more plus a simulator in November 2023. The navy expected two more aircraft by September 2026, which would make five, but no public confirmation of the fourth and fifth was found, so the figure given here is the last confirmed count.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph3\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>NHIndustries NH90 NTH Sea Lion<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Search and rescue, personnel and materiel transport, special forces support and reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td>18<\/td>\n<td>2019<\/td>\n<td>Marinefliegergeschwader 5<\/td>\n<td>Eighteen, all delivered. Contracted in 2015; the last was handed over at Donauw&#246;rth on 26 January 2023 and reached Nordholz on 31 January 2023.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph4\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>NHIndustries NH90 MRFH Sea Tiger<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Shipborne anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare from frigates<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2025<\/td>\n<td>Marinefliegergeschwader 5<\/td>\n<td>One handed over on 16 December 2025, of thirty-one on contract, with deliveries running to 2030. No later delivery count could be confirmed for 2026.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph5\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Westland Sea Lynx Mk 88A<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Shipborne anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare from frigates<\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td>1981<\/td>\n<td>Marinefliegergeschwader 5, Marinefliegergeschwader 3 &quot;Graf Zeppelin&quot;<\/td>\n<td>Twenty-two on charge of twenty-six procured &mdash; nineteen Mk 88 ordered from 1981 and seven newly built Mk 88A (83+20 to 83+26) ordered in 1988. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The survivors of the first batch carry 83+03 to 83+19. English-language sources give twenty-six introduced and twenty-four operational. The whole fleet had been brought to Mk 88A standard by early 2009.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph6\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Dornier 228 LM<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Maritime pollution surveillance<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>1991<\/td>\n<td>Marinefliegergeschwader 3 &quot;Graf Zeppelin&quot;<\/td>\n<td>Two aircraft. The first aircraft arrived in 1991 and flew with Marinefliegergeschwader 5 at Kiel-Holtenau; the second followed in 1997 with Marinefliegergeschwader 3 at Nordholz. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The present pair is 57+04, a Do 228-212 modernised in 2014 and 2015, and 57+05, a Do 228NG that replaced 57+01 when that aircraft was retired in 2012.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fleetchart\">\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Sea Lynx<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:100%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">22<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">NH90 NTH<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:82%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">18<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">P-8A<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:14%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">3<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Do 228 LM<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:9%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">2<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">NH90 MRFH<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:5%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">1<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>On order<\/h3>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet ord\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-fd\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Ordered<\/th>\n<th>First delivery<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph2\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Boeing P-8A Poseidon<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>2026<\/td>\n<td>Five of the eight contracted still to come as of the last confirmed count in April 2026, with the fleet complete by 2028 or 2029 depending on the source. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Beyond that, the Inspekteur der Marine said in April 2026 that a contract for four more aircraft, at a reported cost of about 1.8 billion euros, was close; that would make twelve, the figure the navy&rsquo;s own Kurs Marine planning document asks for. The four extra aircraft are not counted here because they were not under contract at the verification date.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph4\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>NHIndustries NH90 MRFH Sea Tiger<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>2026<\/td>\n<td>Thirty of the thirty-one still to come after the first handover on 16 December 2025, with deliveries running to 2030 and the type taking over the shipborne anti-submarine role from January 2027. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Germany is compressing the schedule so that aircraft to the Software Release 3 standard are available by 2029.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph7\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>General Atomics MQ-9B SeaGuardian<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>2028<\/td>\n<td>Eight uncrewed maritime patrol aircraft ordered on 12 January 2026 for Marinefliegergeschwader 3 at Nordholz, after approval in December 2025, for long-endurance maritime surveillance and anti-submarine work with sonobuoys. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>They enter service from 2028 and are meant to complement rather than replace the P-8A. They are also the answer to the shipborne drone capability the navy lost when the Sea Falcon programme was stopped in July 2024.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"former\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Formerly operated<\/div>\n<h2>Every type the German Naval Aviation has retired<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">24 types, from the Naval Zeppelins (L-class airships) to the Lockheed P-3C Orion CUP+. <span class=\"imp\">Peak figures are airframes taken on charge over the whole service life, not fleet strength on any one date.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet former\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-srv\">\n<col class=\"c-rep\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Peak<\/th>\n<th>Served<\/th>\n<th>Replaced by<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph8\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Lockheed P-3C Orion CUP+<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol: anti-submarine warfare, surveillance and reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>2006&ndash;2025<\/td>\n<td>Boeing P-8A Poseidon<\/td>\n<td>Eight aircraft, bought second-hand from the Koninklijke Marine. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Defence ministers Peter Struck and Henk Kamp agreed the deal on 13 July 2004 and the contract was signed on 22 November 2004; the first arrived at Nordholz on 17 March 2006 and all eight had been delivered by 30 June 2006.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph9\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Westland Sea King Mk 41<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Search and rescue, shipborne transport and utility<\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td>1973&ndash;2024<\/td>\n<td>NHIndustries NH90 NTH Sea Lion<\/td>\n<td>Twenty-two ordered, delivered between April 1973 and September 1974. One, 89+59, was lost in the North Sea on 17 November 1998; a second, 89+61, had been lost earlier and replaced.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph10\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>UMS Skeldar V-200 Sea Falcon<\/td>\n<td>Shipborne uncrewed reconnaissance from corvettes<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>2021&ndash;2024<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Two air vehicles and a control station in the development phase; three complete systems were to have been delivered from 2024 and never were.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph11\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Br&#233;guet Br.1150 M Atlantic SIGINT<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Signals and electronic intelligence<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>1972&ndash;2010<\/td>\n<td>Intended: RQ-4E Euro Hawk; in the event, the Bombardier Global 6000 PEGASUS<\/td>\n<td>Five of the twenty German Atlantics were converted to the signals intelligence configuration.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph12\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Br&#233;guet Br.1150 Atlantic<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol and anti-submarine warfare<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>1965&ndash;2005<\/td>\n<td>Lockheed P-3C Orion<\/td>\n<td>Twenty aircraft ordered in 1963 and delivered between 1965 and 1968, the first operational example reaching Marinefliegergeschwader 3 on 26 January 1966.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph13\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\" class=\"was\">Panavia Tornado IDS<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Anti-shipping strike, defence suppression and reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td>112<\/td>\n<td>1981&ndash;2005<\/td>\n<td>Role transferred to the Luftwaffe&rsquo;s Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 &quot;Immelmann&quot;<\/td>\n<td>One hundred and twelve of the 357 Tornados built for Germany went to the Marineflieger, split between Marinefliegergeschwader 1 at Jagel and Marinefliegergeschwader 2 at Eggebek.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph14\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Dornier Do 28 D-2 Skyservant<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light transport, liaison and maritime pollution surveillance<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>1972&ndash;1995<\/td>\n<td>Dornier 228 LM<\/td>\n<td>German naval quantity not established here.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph15\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Mil Mi-8T and Mi-8S<\/td>\n<td>Transport, search and rescue and utility<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>1974&ndash;1994<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Quantity in Bundeswehr naval service not established here. The Mi-8TB gunship variants taken over from the Volksmarine were converted to the transport configuration.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph16\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Mil Mi-14PL and Mi-14BT<\/td>\n<td>Anti-submarine warfare and mine countermeasures<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>1979&ndash;1991<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Nine Mi-14PL anti-submarine helicopters from October and November 1979 and six Mi-14BT mine countermeasures machines from December 1985 and January 1986, all with the Volksmarine&rsquo;s Marinehubschraubergeschwader 18 at Parow.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-22-fitter\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph17\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-22-fitter\/\" class=\"was\">Sukhoi Su-22M4 and Su-22UM3K<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Naval strike and reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>1990&ndash;1990<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Quantity on naval charge not established here. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The wing was transferred from the Luftstreitkr&#228;fte to the Volksmarine in the spring of 1990 and dissolved on 31 December 1990, and the aircraft passed with the rest of the NVA inventory to the Bundeswehr on 3 October 1990.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph18\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\" class=\"was\">Lockheed F-104G and RF-104G Starfighter<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Anti-shipping strike and tactical reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td>168<\/td>\n<td>1963&ndash;1986<\/td>\n<td>Panavia Tornado IDS<\/td>\n<td>One hundred and sixty-eight of the 916 Starfighters delivered to the Bundeswehr went to the Marineflieger, in strike and reconnaissance versions.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph19\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Sikorsky SH-34G and SH-34J Seabat<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Anti-submarine warfare, mine countermeasures and search and rescue<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>1963&ndash;1975<\/td>\n<td>Westland Sea King Mk 41<\/td>\n<td>Exact German naval quantity not established here. The type flew just under 4,300 hours with Marinefliegergeschwader 4 alone.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph20\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Dornier Do 27<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Liaison and light transport<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>1958&ndash;1972<\/td>\n<td>Dornier Do 28 D-2 Skyservant<\/td>\n<td>German naval quantity not established here.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph21\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Percival Pembroke C.54<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light transport and communications<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>1958&ndash;1972<\/td>\n<td>Dornier Do 28 D-2 Skyservant<\/td>\n<td>German naval quantity not established here.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph22\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Grumman HU-16 Albatross<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Search and rescue amphibian<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>1959&ndash;1971<\/td>\n<td>Westland Sea King Mk 41<\/td>\n<td>German naval quantity not established here.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph23\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fairey Gannet AS.4 and T.5<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Anti-submarine warfare and maritime patrol<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>1958&ndash;1966<\/td>\n<td>Br&#233;guet Br.1150 Atlantic<\/td>\n<td>Sixteen aircraft taken over in 1958 &mdash; fifteen AS.4 operational machines and one T.5 trainer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph24\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Hawker Sea Hawk Mk 100 and Mk 101<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter-bomber, interceptor and reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td>68<\/td>\n<td>1958&ndash;1965<\/td>\n<td>Lockheed F-104G Starfighter<\/td>\n<td>Sixty-eight aircraft for the Bundesmarine &mdash; 34 Mk 100 and 34 Mk 101 &mdash; delivered between November 1957 and February 1959.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph25\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Bristol Sycamore Mk 52<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Search and rescue and liaison helicopter<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>1960&ndash;1965<\/td>\n<td>Sikorsky SH-34G<\/td>\n<td>German naval quantity not established here.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph26\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Saunders-Roe Skeeter<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light training and liaison helicopter<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>1958&ndash;1960<\/td>\n<td>Bristol Sycamore Mk 52<\/td>\n<td>German naval quantity not established here.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph27\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Arado Ar 196<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Shipborne reconnaissance and coastal patrol floatplane<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>1938&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Quantity not counted here: these aircraft belonged to the Luftwaffe, not to the Kriegsmarine, and are listed for the historical record only.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph28\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Heinkel He 115, Dornier Do 18 and Blohm &amp; Voss BV 138<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Coastal reconnaissance, minelaying and anti-shipping<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>1939&ndash;1944<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Quantity not counted here: Luftwaffe aircraft under naval tactical control, listed for the historical record only.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph29\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Naval Zeppelins (L-class airships)<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Long-range maritime reconnaissance and strategic bombing<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>1914&ndash;1919<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Quantity not counted here. Six were destroyed in their sheds at Nordholz by their own crews on 23 June 1919.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph30\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fouga CM.170 Magister<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Jet training and liaison<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>1958&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Three aircraft on the strength of Marinefliegergeschwader 2 in its early years.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph31\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Piaggio P.149D<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Basic training and liaison<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>1958&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>German naval quantity not established here.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"bases\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Air bases<\/div>\n<h2>Where German naval aviation flies from &mdash; and the four airfields it has given up<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Black pins are in use, hollow pins the stations the navy has left. <span class=\"imp\">There is exactly one active naval airfield in Germany. Kiel-Holtenau, the birthplace of the arm, lost its flying in 2012; Eggebek closed in 2005 and is now a solar park; Jagel went to the Luftwaffe; and the training group left Sylt in 1997.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><span>Click a pin to open the base page<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"basefind\" data-filter=\"#basetbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air bases\" placeholder=\"Search bases, bundesland, units, aircrafts\" aria-label=\"Search bases, bundesland, units, aircrafts\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"basefind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"basefind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"basetbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Runway<\/th>\n<th>Units and aircraft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr id=\"base-laage\" data-base=\"laage\" data-x=\"active active Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 73 &quot;Steinhoff&quot; RLG\">\n<td>Laage<span>Mecklenburg-Vorpommern<\/span><\/td>\n<td>ETNL<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>10\/28<\/span>2,500 m<span>concrete and asphalt<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Marinefliegergeschwader 28 &quot;Paul Wieczorek&quot;<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-22-fitter\/\">Sukhoi Su-22M4 and Su-22UM3K<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-nordholz\" data-base=\"nordholz\" data-x=\"active active Marinefliegerkommando FCN\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/nordholz\/\">Nordholz Naval<\/a><span>Niedersachsen<\/span><\/td>\n<td>ETMN<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>08\/26<\/span>2,440 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Marinefliegerkommando<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Marinefliegergeschwader 3 &quot;Graf Zeppelin&quot;<\/span>: <span>Boeing P-8A Poseidon, Dornier 228 LM<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>1. Fliegende Staffel MFG 3<\/span>: <span>Boeing P-8A Poseidon<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>2. Fliegende Staffel MFG 3<\/span>: <span>Boeing P-8A Poseidon, Dornier 228 LM<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Marinefliegergeschwader 5<\/span>: <span>NHIndustries NH90 NTH Sea Lion, NHIndustries NH90 MRFH Sea Tiger, Westland Sea Lynx Mk 88A<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Fliegende Staffel NTH Sea Lion<\/span>: <span>NHIndustries NH90 NTH Sea Lion<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Fliegende Staffel MRFH Sea Tiger<\/span>: <span>NHIndustries NH90 MRFH Sea Tiger<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Fliegende Staffel Mk 88A Sea Lynx<\/span>: <span>Westland Sea Lynx Mk 88A<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>P-3C Orion squadron<\/span>: <span>Lockheed P-3C Orion<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Br&#233;guet Atlantic squadrons<\/span>: <span>Br&#233;guet Br.1150 Atlantic, Br&#233;guet Br.1150 M Atlantic SIGINT<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Marine-Luftschiffabteilung<\/span>: <span>Naval Zeppelins (L-class airships)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-jagel\" data-base=\"jagel\" data-x=\"active active Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 &quot;Immelmann&quot; WBG\">\n<td>Schleswig<span>Schleswig-Holstein<\/span><\/td>\n<td>ETNS<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>05\/23<\/span>2,439 m<span>concrete and asphalt<\/span><\/span><span><span>07\/25<\/span>2,460 m<span>concrete and asphalt<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 &quot;Immelmann&quot;<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado ECR<\/a>, Panavia Tornado IDS Recce, IAI Heron TP<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Marinefliegergeschwader 1<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado IDS<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\">Lockheed F-104G and RF-104G Starfighter<\/a>, Hawker Sea Hawk Mk 100 and Mk 101, Fairey Gannet AS.4 and T.5<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Marinefliegerlehrgruppe<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-wilhelmshaven\" data-base=\"wilhelmshaven\" data-x=\"active active Einsatzflottille 2 \">\n<td>Wilhelmshaven Naval Base<span>Niedersachsen<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Einsatzflottille 2<\/span>: <span>Westland Sea Lynx Mk 88A, NHIndustries NH90 MRFH Sea Tiger, NHIndustries NH90 NTH Sea Lion<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Bordfliegergruppe 196<\/span>: <span>Arado Ar 196, Heinkel He 60<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-kiel-holtenau\" data-base=\"kiel-holtenau\" data-x=\"closed closed  KEL\" class=\"was\">\n<td>Kiel-Holtenau<span>Schleswig-Holstein<\/span><\/td>\n<td>EDHK<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2012<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>08\/26<\/span>1,260 m<\/span><span><span>08L\/26R<\/span>450 m<span>grass<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Kommando der Marineflieger<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Marinefliegergeschwader 5<\/span>: <span>Saunders-Roe Skeeter, Bristol Sycamore Mk 52, Sikorsky SH-34G and SH-34J Seabat, Westland Sea King Mk 41, Westland Sea Lynx Mk 88A, Dornier Do 28 D-2 Skyservant<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Marinefliegergeschwader 4<\/span>: <span>Sikorsky SH-34G and SH-34J Seabat<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>2. Marinefliegergruppe \/ Marinefliegergeschwader 2<\/span>: <span>Hawker Sea Hawk Mk 100 and Mk 101, Fairey Gannet AS.4 and T.5<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Tr&#228;gergruppe 186<\/span>: <span>Messerschmitt Bf 109T, Junkers Ju 87C<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-westerland-sylt\" data-base=\"westerland-sylt\" data-x=\"closed closed  GWT\" class=\"was\">\n<td>Westerland \/ Sylt<span>Schleswig-Holstein<\/span><\/td>\n<td>EDXW<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2006<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>14\/32<\/span>2,120 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><span><span>06\/24<\/span>1,696 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Marinefliegerlehrgruppe<\/span>: <span>Br&#233;guet Br.1150 Atlantic, Westland Sea King Mk 41, Westland Sea Lynx Mk 88A<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-eggebek\" data-base=\"eggebek\" data-x=\"closed closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Eggebek Naval<span>Schleswig-Holstein<\/span><\/td>\n<td>ETME<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2005<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>01\/19<\/span>2,400 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Marinefliegergeschwader 2<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado IDS<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\">Lockheed F-104G and RF-104G Starfighter<\/a>, Hawker Sea Hawk Mk 100 and Mk 101<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>3. Staffel MFG 2<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado IDS<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Vikings display pair<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\">Lockheed F-104G Starfighter<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-schleswig-see\" data-base=\"schleswig-see\" data-x=\"closed closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Schleswig-See seaplane station<span>Schleswig-Holstein<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2003<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Flieger-Ersatz-Abteilung 16 (See)<\/span>: <span>Heinkel He 42, Heinkel He 59, Heinkel He 60, Dornier Wal, Junkers W 34<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>2. Marinefliegergruppe detachment<\/span>: <span>Hawker Sea Hawk Mk 100 and Mk 101<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-parow\" data-base=\"parow\" data-x=\"closed closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Parow<span>Mecklenburg-Vorpommern<\/span><\/td>\n<td>ETPA<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1995<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>09\/27<\/span>250 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><span><span>09\/27<\/span>800 m<span>grass<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Marinehubschraubergeschwader 18 &quot;Kurt Barthel&quot;<\/span>: <span>Mil Mi-8T and Mi-8S, Mil Mi-14PL and Mi-14BT, Mil Mi-4A<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Marinehubschraubergruppe Parow<\/span>: <span>Mil Mi-8T and Mi-8S<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"basefind\">No air base matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"oob\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Order of battle<\/div>\n<h2>Who is stationed where in the German Naval Aviation<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Flying units by station, past and present. <span class=\"imp\">German naval helicopters do not belong to ships: a frigate leaving Wilhelmshaven takes an aircraft, its crew and its maintainers from Marinefliegergeschwader 5 at Nordholz for the length of a deployment and hands them back afterwards.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"unitfind\" data-filter=\"#oobwrap\" data-item=\".oob\" data-noun=\"installations\" placeholder=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" aria-label=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"unitfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"unitfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"oobwrap\" id=\"oobwrap\">\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Niedersachsen active Marinefliegerkommando\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/nordholz\/\">Nordholz Naval Air Base<\/a> &middot; ETMN<\/span><em>Marinefliegerkommando<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Marinefliegerkommando<small>Naval aviation command &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Marinefliegergeschwader 3 &quot;Graf Zeppelin&quot;<small>Graf Zeppelin &middot; Naval maritime patrol wing &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Boeing P-8A Poseidon, Dornier 228 LM<\/dd>\n<dt>1. Fliegende Staffel MFG 3<small>Maritime patrol squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Boeing P-8A Poseidon<\/dd>\n<dt>2. Fliegende Staffel MFG 3<small>Maritime patrol and surveillance squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Boeing P-8A Poseidon, Dornier 228 LM<\/dd>\n<dt>Marinefliegergeschwader 5<small>Naval helicopter wing &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>NHIndustries NH90 NTH Sea Lion, NHIndustries NH90 MRFH Sea Tiger, Westland Sea Lynx Mk 88A<\/dd>\n<dt>Fliegende Staffel NTH Sea Lion<small>Search and rescue and transport squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>NHIndustries NH90 NTH Sea Lion<\/dd>\n<dt>Fliegende Staffel MRFH Sea Tiger<small>Shipborne helicopter squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>NHIndustries NH90 MRFH Sea Tiger<\/dd>\n<dt>Fliegende Staffel Mk 88A Sea Lynx<small>Shipborne helicopter squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Westland Sea Lynx Mk 88A<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">P-3C Orion squadron<small>2006&ndash;2025<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Lockheed P-3C Orion<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Br&#233;guet Atlantic squadrons<small>1966&ndash;2010<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Br&#233;guet Br.1150 Atlantic, Br&#233;guet Br.1150 M Atlantic SIGINT<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Marine-Luftschiffabteilung<small>1913&ndash;1919<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Naval Zeppelins (L-class airships)<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Schleswig-Holstein active Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 &quot;Immelmann&quot;\">\n<div><span>Schleswig &middot; ETNS<\/span><em>Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 &quot;Immelmann&quot;<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 &quot;Immelmann&quot;<small>Immelmann &middot; Tactical air force wing &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado ECR<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Marinefliegergeschwader 1<small>1957&ndash;1993<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Panavia Tornado IDS, Lockheed F-104G and RF-104G Starfighter, Hawker Sea Hawk Mk 100 and Mk 101, Fairey Gannet AS.4 and T.5<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Marinefliegerlehrgruppe<small>1968&ndash;1972<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern active Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 73 &quot;Steinhoff&quot;\">\n<div><span>Laage &middot; ETNL<\/span><em>Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 73 &quot;Steinhoff&quot;<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt class=\"was\">Marinefliegergeschwader 28 &quot;Paul Wieczorek&quot;<small>1988&ndash;1990<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Sukhoi Su-22M4 and Su-22UM3K<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Niedersachsen active Einsatzflottille 2\">\n<div><span>Wilhelmshaven Naval Base &middot; <\/span><em>Einsatzflottille 2<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Einsatzflottille 2<small>Surface fleet flotilla &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Westland Sea Lynx Mk 88A, NHIndustries NH90 MRFH Sea Tiger, NHIndustries NH90 NTH Sea Lion<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Bordfliegergruppe 196<small>1936&ndash;1945<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Arado Ar 196, Heinkel He 60<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"unitfind\">No unit matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>German Naval Aviation milestones, 1914 to today<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1913<\/div>\n<p>3 May: a cabinet order creates German naval aviation &mdash; an airship section at Berlin-Johannisthal and a group of aeroplanes at Putzig on the Baltic.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1914<\/div>\n<p>The purpose-built airship base at Nordholz, laid out from 17 December 1912, is finished; L 3 lands there on 2 September. The navy has about twenty usable seaplanes, fifteen commandeered civil machines and thirty trained flying officers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1919<\/div>\n<p>23 June: on the day the fleet is scuttled at Scapa Flow, the crews at Nordholz destroy six Zeppelins in their sheds.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1936<\/div>\n<p>28 December: the aircraft carrier <em>Graf Zeppelin<\/em> is laid down. She is launched on 8 December 1938 and never carries an aeroplane.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1939<\/div>\n<p>27 January: naval flying units pass formally to the Luftwaffe. From 21 August tactical control of the coastal units returns to the navy through F&#252;hrer der Luft (West) at Jever and F&#252;hrer der Luft (Ost) at Dievenow. Germany enters the war with sixteen seaplane squadrons and three carrier squadrons; Tr&#228;gergruppe 186 forms at Kiel-Holtenau.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1944<\/div>\n<p>March: Fliegerf&#252;hrer Atlantik is merged into X. Fliegerkorps and German naval aviation disappears from the order of battle. The coastal squadrons had already been stripped in 1942 to fill bomber wings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1956<\/div>\n<p>16 July: the Kommando der Marineflieger is set up at Kiel-Holtenau, with the status of a brigade staff. The Bundesmarine will own its own aircraft this time.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1957<\/div>\n<p>1 April: the 1. Marinefliegergruppe forms at Jagel. Sixty-eight Hawker Sea Hawks are delivered between November 1957 and February 1959.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1958<\/div>\n<p>4 January: Marinefliegergeschwader 5 is set up at Kiel-Holtenau for search and rescue. 1 April: the 2. Marinefliegergruppe forms. 1 August: Fairey Gannet flying begins at Jagel.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1963<\/div>\n<p>Spring: MFG 1 converts to the F-104G Starfighter. 1 September: Marinefliegergeschwader 4 forms at Kiel-Holtenau on the SH-34; it lasts until 1 July 1969.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1964<\/div>\n<p>1 June: Marinefliegergeschwader 3 forms at Nordholz, taking the name &quot;Graf Zeppelin&quot; on 9 July 1967.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1966<\/div>\n<p>26 January: the first Br&#233;guet Atlantic reaches MFG 3. 30 June: the Gannet is retired after more than 10,000 flying hours.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1970<\/div>\n<p>March: Joachim von Hassel, son of the president of the Bundestag, is killed flying an RF-104G of MFG 2. MFG 1 alone will lose thirty-eight Starfighters and eleven pilots.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1973<\/div>\n<p>The Sea King Mk 41 enters service; twenty-two are delivered between April 1973 and September 1974 and will fly 14,645 rescue missions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1977<\/div>\n<p>The AS.34 Kormoran sea-skimming missile enters naval service on the Starfighter, replacing the earlier French air-to-surface weapons.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1981<\/div>\n<p>Summer: the Sea Lynx Mk 88 enters service with MFG 3. The first Tornado lands at Jagel, and on 2 July 1982 MFG 1 becomes the Bundeswehr&rsquo;s first operational Tornado unit &mdash; before the Luftwaffe.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1986<\/div>\n<p>Summer: MFG 2 retires the last naval Starfighters and begins Tornado conversion on 11 September.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1990<\/div>\n<p>3 October: the Volksmarine&rsquo;s Marinehubschraubergeschwader 18 at Parow and Marinefliegergeschwader 28 at Laage pass to the Bundeswehr. MFG 28 is dissolved on 31 December.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1993<\/div>\n<p>31 December: Marinefliegergeschwader 1 is disbanded at Jagel after 75,000 Tornado hours; ten aircraft and its second squadron go to MFG 2, and the airfield goes to the Luftwaffe.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1994<\/div>\n<p>29 September: the Marinehubschraubergruppe Parow flies its last Mi-8 sortie; it is dissolved on 30 April 1995.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1997<\/div>\n<p>The Marinefliegerlehrgruppe at Westerland on Sylt is dissolved; the Marinetechnikschule at Parow takes over its courses and uses part of the site until 2005.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2004<\/div>\n<p>13 July: the German and Dutch defence ministers agree the sale of eight P-3C Orions, contracted on 22 November. The first reaches Nordholz on 17 March 2006 and all eight by 30 June.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2005<\/div>\n<p>June: the last naval Tornados fly from Eggebek to N&#246;rvenich. 9 August: MFG 2 is deactivated and German naval fighter-bomber aviation ends. The Atlantic maritime patrol version also leaves service.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2006<\/div>\n<p>30 June: the Flottille der Marineflieger is disbanded and the wings report directly to the Flottenkommando. German naval aviation has no commander of its own for six years.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2010<\/div>\n<p>20 June: 61+03, the last Atlantic SIGINT aircraft, flies its final sortie. German airborne signals intelligence lapses; Euro Hawk is cancelled in 2013 after about 700 million euros.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2012<\/div>\n<p>8 October: the Marinefliegerkommando is re-established at Nordholz. MFG 5 moves in from Kiel-Holtenau between June and November, putting the whole arm on one airfield.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2014<\/div>\n<p>September: the Sea Lynx fleet is grounded over structural cracks; flight restrictions are not fully lifted until January 2017. Total P-3C spending passes a billion euros.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2023<\/div>\n<p>26 January: the eighteenth and last NH90 NTH Sea Lion is handed over at Donauw&#246;rth and flown to Nordholz on 31 January. In November the Bundestag budget committee approves three more P-8As, making eight.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2024<\/div>\n<p>15 and 31 August: the Sea King Mk 41 makes its last landing and is retired. In July the Sea Falcon shipborne drone programme is stopped.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2025<\/div>\n<p>7 November: the first P-8A Poseidon, 63+01, lands at Nordholz. 20 November: the Poseidon is commissioned and the P-3C Orion retired in the same ceremony. 16 December: the first NH90 Sea Tiger is handed over.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>12 January: eight MQ-9B SeaGuardian are ordered for 2028. In April a contract for four more P-8As is said to be imminent. The Sea Lynx flies its &quot;End of an Era&quot; farewell tour and is to be out of service by the end of the year.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"news\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">From the magazine<\/div>\n<h2>German Naval Aviation news from Afterburner<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Everything MiGFlug&rsquo;s magazine has published on the German Naval Aviation and the aircraft it flies. <span class=\"imp\">This list refreshes itself &mdash; new Afterburner stories appear here automatically.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ngrid\" id=\"newsgrid\" data-cats=\"664,670,666\" data-term=\"german navy\" data-match=\"marineflieger|german navy|nordholz|sea lion|sea tiger|sea lynx|sea king|p-8|poseidon|breguet|atlantic(?! city)|submarine hunter|sub-hunter|maritime patrol|u-boat|condor\" data-reject=\"Lufthansa|Condor Air|Eurowings|Germanwings|Discover Airlines|German Airways|Ryanair|ITA Airways\"><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/breguet-atlantic-atlantique-2-maritime-patrol-secbat-history\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph32\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-24\">24 August 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Breguet Atlantic: Europe&#8217;s Purpose-Built Submarine Hunter<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">Almost every maritime patrol aircraft in history has been something else first. The P-3 Orion was an airliner. The Nimrod was the Comet. The P-8 is a 737.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/fw-200-condor-scourge-of-the-atlantic\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph33\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-23\">23 August 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor: Scourge of the Atlantic<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">The Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor was a record-setting airliner Germany turned into the scourge of the Atlantic, hunting convoys for the U-boats.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/p-8-poseidon-mq-4c-triton-teaming-demonstration-2026\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph34\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-07\">7 August 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">The Poseidon Learns to Fly Its Own Drone<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">The U.S. Navy&#8217;s two great ocean-watchers already work as a pair. Now they are learning to talk directly to each other.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/rimpac-2026-multinational-crews-p-8a-poseidon-submarine-hunting\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph35\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-07-22\">22 July 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Six Flags, One Submarine Hunter<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">For the first time at RIMPAC, the U.S. Navy is flying mixed multinational crews aboard a single P-8A Poseidon &mdash; six nations hunting submarines from one cabin.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/denmark-p-8-poseidon-arctic-greenland-2026\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph36\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-07-10\">10 July 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Denmark&#8217;s New Sub-Hunters Carry a Greenland Message<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">Denmark has decided how it will watch the top of the world. On 7 July 2026 the Danish Ministry of Defence confirmed a provisional decision to buy two Boeing P-8A Poseidons.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"nmore\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/\">All stories in Afterburner<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about the German Naval Aviation<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What is German Naval Aviation?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It is the air arm of the Deutsche Marine, called the Marineflieger, and it is run by one command, the Marinefliegerkommando at Nordholz, with about 2,500 military and civilian people. It has two flying wings &mdash; Marinefliegergeschwader 3 &quot;Graf Zeppelin&quot; with the Boeing P-8A Poseidon and two Dornier 228 LM pollution surveillance aircraft, and Marinefliegergeschwader 5 with the NH90 Sea Lion, the arriving NH90 Sea Tiger and the departing Sea Lynx Mk 88A. Its job is maritime patrol, anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare from frigates, search and rescue over the North Sea and the Baltic, transport and special forces support. It has no carrier and no combat jets, and it flies from a single airfield.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does Germany still fly the P-3C Orion?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No. The last German P-3C Orion was retired on 20 November 2025 at Nordholz, in the same ceremony that commissioned the P-8A Poseidon, after just under 28,500 German flying hours. No German P-3C remains in service. The eight aircraft had been bought second-hand from the Netherlands in 2004 and delivered in 2006; the retirement came ten years earlier than planned because the defence ministry abandoned the modernisation programme, citing technical difficulties, total costs that could no longer be calculated, and material readiness that was already insufficient with no prospect of improvement.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many P-8A Poseidons does Germany have?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Eight are on contract and three had been confirmed delivered by April 2026, with two more expected by September 2026. Five aircraft were ordered in June 2021 and the purchase finalised on 28 September 2021 for about 1.31 billion dollars; the Bundestag budget committee approved three more, plus a simulator, in November 2023. The first, 63+01, landed at Nordholz on 7 November 2025 and the type was commissioned on 20 November. All of them belong to Marinefliegergeschwader 3 at Nordholz. In April 2026 the navy said a contract for four more, which would make twelve, was close.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does the Luftwaffe operate the NH90?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No, and this is the single most common error in published German orders of battle. The German Air Force operates no NH90 of any version. The two naval versions &mdash; the NH90 NTH Sea Lion for search and rescue and transport, and the NH90 MRFH Sea Tiger for shipborne anti-submarine work &mdash; belong to the Deutsche Marine and fly from Nordholz with Marinefliegergeschwader 5. The tactical transport version, the NH90 TTH, belongs to the Heer. For the same reason, the H145 LUH SAR helicopters that fly the national search and rescue service from Holzdorf, Niederstetten and N&#246;rvenich are army aircraft, not air force ones.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why does the German Navy have no fighter jets?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Because Germany decided in 2003 to abolish naval fighter-bomber aviation as a budget measure. Until then the Marineflieger were a serious anti-shipping force: 168 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\">F-104G Starfighters<\/a> from 1963 and then 112 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado IDS<\/a> from 1981, flying from Jagel and Eggebek and armed with the AS.34 Kormoran sea-skimming missile and later the AGM-88 HARM. Marinefliegergeschwader 1 was disbanded on 31 December 1993, the last Tornados left Eggebek for N&#246;rvenich in June 2005, and Marinefliegergeschwader 2 was deactivated on 9 August 2005. The maritime strike role went to the Luftwaffe wing at Jagel, which had taken over the naval airfield.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did Germany ever have an aircraft carrier?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It launched one and never used it. <em>Graf Zeppelin<\/em> was laid down on 28 December 1936 and launched on 8 December 1938, and was designed for about forty-two aircraft; the figures varied between twelve navalised Ju 87 dive bombers, ten Bf 109 fighters and twenty Fi 167 torpedo aircraft in the first plan and thirty Ju 87s with twelve Bf 109s later. A carrier air group, Tr&#228;gergruppe 186, actually formed at Kiel-Holtenau in 1939 with three squadrons, and was absorbed into ordinary Luftwaffe units when work on the ship was stopped. Hitler ordered construction halted in January 1943. The Soviet Union used the hull as a target and it sank in the open Baltic on 16 August 1947, about sixty kilometres north of the Polish coast. No German aircraft has ever flown from a German carrier deck.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who owned German naval aviation before 1945?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Luftwaffe did, and this is why the Bundesmarine insisted on owning its own aircraft after 1956. Naval flying units passed formally to the Luftwaffe on 27 January 1939 under Hermann G&#246;ring&rsquo;s principle that everything that flies belonged to him. What the Kriegsmarine kept was tactical control, exercised from 21 August 1939 through F&#252;hrer der Luft (West) at Jever and F&#252;hrer der Luft (Ost) at Dievenow. Even the Arado Ar 196 floatplanes sitting on the catapults of battleships and cruisers were Luftwaffe aircraft flown by Luftwaffe crews, with a Kriegsmarine officer aboard as commander and observer. In 1942 the coastal squadrons were stripped to fill bomber wings, and in March 1944 the last maritime command was merged away. The modern Bundeswehr is a constitutionally new institution and does not treat the Kriegsmarine&rsquo;s or the Luftwaffe&rsquo;s wartime naval flying as its own tradition.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to the German Sea Kings?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Sea King Mk 41 made its last landing at Nordholz on 15 August 2024 and was formally retired on 31 August, after fifty years. Twenty-two were delivered between April 1973 and September 1974; one, 89+59, was lost in the North Sea on 17 November 1998. They flew 14,645 search and rescue missions from 1975 and also served as shipborne helicopters on the <em>Berlin<\/em>-class replenishment ships, on UNIFIL in Lebanon, off Africa and on tsunami relief. In January 2024 Germany announced that six of the retired aircraft, with spares and crew training, would go to Ukraine &mdash; the first helicopters released from Bundeswehr stocks. Their replacement is the eighteen NH90 NTH Sea Lions delivered between 2019 and January 2023.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Where are German naval aircraft based?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">At Nordholz, and nowhere else. Marinefliegerst&#252;tzpunkt Nordholz (ICAO ETMN), on the Elbe estuary behind Cuxhaven, holds the Marinefliegerkommando and both flying wings. It was laid out from 17 December 1912 as a Zeppelin base for the Kaiserliche Marine, which makes it one of the oldest military airfields in the world still in use, and has one runway of 2,440 by 45 metres shared with a small civil airport. The other naval air stations are gone: Kiel-Holtenau, the birthplace of the arm, lost its naval flying in 2012; Eggebek closed in 2005 and is a solar park; Jagel is now a Luftwaffe base; and the training group left Westerland on Sylt in 1997.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What was the Atlantic SIGINT, and what replaced it?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Five of Germany&rsquo;s twenty Br&#233;guet Br.1150 Atlantics were converted to a signals intelligence configuration and flew from Nordholz collecting and locating radar and radio emissions &mdash; the only German airborne signals intelligence capability there was. The last aircraft, 61+03, flew its final sortie on 20 June 2010, five years after the maritime patrol Atlantics left service. Nothing replaced it. The RQ-4E Euro Hawk was cancelled in 2013 after roughly 700 million euros because it could not be certified to fly in European airspace; the MQ-4C Triton that was to follow was abandoned in turn; and the capability is now meant to return in 2027 with three Bombardier Global 6000 PEGASUS aircraft based at Jagel &mdash; an air force unit, on the old naval airfield, seventeen years after the gap opened.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How big is German naval aviation compared with its neighbours?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Small, and deliberately narrow. About 2,500 people and roughly forty-five aircraft, against a French naval air arm with its own carrier and Rafale squadrons, and an Italian one with F-35Bs. Germany gave up naval fixed-wing combat flying in 2005 and has no aviation ship, so everything the Marineflieger own does maritime patrol, anti-submarine work from frigates, or rescue. The peak was in the Cold War, when five Marinefliegergeschwader flew up to 200 aircraft and helicopters from four airfields.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the Aeronauticum at Nordholz?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The German airship and naval aviation museum, which stands beside the base on the site of the old Zeppelin sheds. It holds a Br&#233;guet Atlantic, a Sea King and, since 2025, one of the retired P-3C Orions, which had to be moved to it by road from the airfield. It is the main reason the public knows the name Nordholz at all, and it is the place where most of what this page describes has physically ended up.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is German Naval Aviation?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It is the air arm of the Deutsche Marine, called the Marineflieger, and it is run by one command, the Marinefliegerkommando at Nordholz, with about 2,500 military and civilian people. It has two flying wings \\u2014 Marinefliegergeschwader 3 \\\"Graf Zeppelin\\\" with the Boeing P-8A Poseidon and two Dornier 228 LM pollution surveillance aircraft, and Marinefliegergeschwader 5 with the NH90 Sea Lion, the arriving NH90 Sea Tiger and the departing Sea Lynx Mk 88A. Its job is maritime patrol, anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare from frigates, search and rescue over the North Sea and the Baltic, transport and special forces support. It has no carrier and no combat jets, and it flies from a single airfield.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does Germany still fly the P-3C Orion?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. The last German P-3C Orion was retired on 20 November 2025 at Nordholz, in the same ceremony that commissioned the P-8A Poseidon, after just under 28,500 German flying hours. No German P-3C remains in service. The eight aircraft had been bought second-hand from the Netherlands in 2004 and delivered in 2006; the retirement came ten years earlier than planned because the defence ministry abandoned the modernisation programme, citing technical difficulties, total costs that could no longer be calculated, and material readiness that was already insufficient with no prospect of improvement.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many P-8A Poseidons does Germany have?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Eight are on contract and three had been confirmed delivered by April 2026, with two more expected by September 2026. Five aircraft were ordered in June 2021 and the purchase finalised on 28 September 2021 for about 1.31 billion dollars; the Bundestag budget committee approved three more, plus a simulator, in November 2023. The first, 63+01, landed at Nordholz on 7 November 2025 and the type was commissioned on 20 November. All of them belong to Marinefliegergeschwader 3 at Nordholz. In April 2026 the navy said a contract for four more, which would make twelve, was close.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does the Luftwaffe operate the NH90?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No, and this is the single most common error in published German orders of battle. The German Air Force operates no NH90 of any version. The two naval versions \\u2014 the NH90 NTH Sea Lion for search and rescue and transport, and the NH90 MRFH Sea Tiger for shipborne anti-submarine work \\u2014 belong to the Deutsche Marine and fly from Nordholz with Marinefliegergeschwader 5. The tactical transport version, the NH90 TTH, belongs to the Heer. For the same reason, the H145 LUH SAR helicopters that fly the national search and rescue service from Holzdorf, Niederstetten and N\\u00f6rvenich are army aircraft, not air force ones.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why does the German Navy have no fighter jets?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Because Germany decided in 2003 to abolish naval fighter-bomber aviation as a budget measure. Until then the Marineflieger were a serious anti-shipping force: 168 F-104G Starfighters from 1963 and then 112 Panavia Tornado IDS from 1981, flying from Jagel and Eggebek and armed with the AS.34 Kormoran sea-skimming missile and later the AGM-88 HARM. Marinefliegergeschwader 1 was disbanded on 31 December 1993, the last Tornados left Eggebek for N\\u00f6rvenich in June 2005, and Marinefliegergeschwader 2 was deactivated on 9 August 2005. The maritime strike role went to the Luftwaffe wing at Jagel, which had taken over the naval airfield.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did Germany ever have an aircraft carrier?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It launched one and never used it. Graf Zeppelin was laid down on 28 December 1936 and launched on 8 December 1938, and was designed for about forty-two aircraft; the figures varied between twelve navalised Ju 87 dive bombers, ten Bf 109 fighters and twenty Fi 167 torpedo aircraft in the first plan and thirty Ju 87s with twelve Bf 109s later. A carrier air group, Tr\\u00e4gergruppe 186, actually formed at Kiel-Holtenau in 1939 with three squadrons, and was absorbed into ordinary Luftwaffe units when work on the ship was stopped. Hitler ordered construction halted in January 1943. The Soviet Union used the hull as a target and it sank in the open Baltic on 16 August 1947, about sixty kilometres north of the Polish coast. No German aircraft has ever flown from a German carrier deck.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who owned German naval aviation before 1945?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Luftwaffe did, and this is why the Bundesmarine insisted on owning its own aircraft after 1956. Naval flying units passed formally to the Luftwaffe on 27 January 1939 under Hermann G\\u00f6ring\\u2019s principle that everything that flies belonged to him. What the Kriegsmarine kept was tactical control, exercised from 21 August 1939 through F\\u00fchrer der Luft (West) at Jever and F\\u00fchrer der Luft (Ost) at Dievenow. Even the Arado Ar 196 floatplanes sitting on the catapults of battleships and cruisers were Luftwaffe aircraft flown by Luftwaffe crews, with a Kriegsmarine officer aboard as commander and observer. In 1942 the coastal squadrons were stripped to fill bomber wings, and in March 1944 the last maritime command was merged away. The modern Bundeswehr is a constitutionally new institution and does not treat the Kriegsmarine\\u2019s or the Luftwaffe\\u2019s wartime naval flying as its own tradition.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to the German Sea Kings?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Sea King Mk 41 made its last landing at Nordholz on 15 August 2024 and was formally retired on 31 August, after fifty years. Twenty-two were delivered between April 1973 and September 1974; one, 89+59, was lost in the North Sea on 17 November 1998. They flew 14,645 search and rescue missions from 1975 and also served as shipborne helicopters on the Berlin-class replenishment ships, on UNIFIL in Lebanon, off Africa and on tsunami relief. In January 2024 Germany announced that six of the retired aircraft, with spares and crew training, would go to Ukraine \\u2014 the first helicopters released from Bundeswehr stocks. Their replacement is the eighteen NH90 NTH Sea Lions delivered between 2019 and January 2023.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where are German naval aircraft based?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"At Nordholz, and nowhere else. Marinefliegerst\\u00fctzpunkt Nordholz (ICAO ETMN), on the Elbe estuary behind Cuxhaven, holds the Marinefliegerkommando and both flying wings. It was laid out from 17 December 1912 as a Zeppelin base for the Kaiserliche Marine, which makes it one of the oldest military airfields in the world still in use, and has one runway of 2,440 by 45 metres shared with a small civil airport. The other naval air stations are gone: Kiel-Holtenau, the birthplace of the arm, lost its naval flying in 2012; Eggebek closed in 2005 and is a solar park; Jagel is now a Luftwaffe base; and the training group left Westerland on Sylt in 1997.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What was the Atlantic SIGINT, and what replaced it?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Five of Germany\\u2019s twenty Br\\u00e9guet Br.1150 Atlantics were converted to a signals intelligence configuration and flew from Nordholz collecting and locating radar and radio emissions \\u2014 the only German airborne signals intelligence capability there was. The last aircraft, 61+03, flew its final sortie on 20 June 2010, five years after the maritime patrol Atlantics left service. Nothing replaced it. The RQ-4E Euro Hawk was cancelled in 2013 after roughly 700 million euros because it could not be certified to fly in European airspace; the MQ-4C Triton that was to follow was abandoned in turn; and the capability is now meant to return in 2027 with three Bombardier Global 6000 PEGASUS aircraft based at Jagel \\u2014 an air force unit, on the old naval airfield, seventeen years after the gap opened.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How big is German naval aviation compared with its neighbours?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Small, and deliberately narrow. About 2,500 people and roughly forty-five aircraft, against a French naval air arm with its own carrier and Rafale squadrons, and an Italian one with F-35Bs. Germany gave up naval fixed-wing combat flying in 2005 and has no aviation ship, so everything the Marineflieger own does maritime patrol, anti-submarine work from frigates, or rescue. The peak was in the Cold War, when five Marinefliegergeschwader flew up to 200 aircraft and helicopters from four airfields.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the Aeronauticum at Nordholz?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The German airship and naval aviation museum, which stands beside the base on the site of the old Zeppelin sheds. It holds a Br\\u00e9guet Atlantic, a Sea King and, since 2025, one of the retired P-3C Orions, which had to be moved to it by road from the airfield. It is the main reason the public knows the name Nordholz at all, and it is the place where most of what this page describes has physically ended up.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"gallery\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Read the aircraft the German Naval Aviation flew<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type with a page in the Book of Beasts, in service first, then by the year it left the fleet.<\/p>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\"><span class=\"im ph13\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Panavia Tornado IDS<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/b><em>1981&ndash;2005<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-22-fitter\/\"><span class=\"im ph17\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sukhoi Su-22M4 and Su-22UM3K<\/b><em>1990&ndash;1990<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\"><span class=\"im ph18\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Lockheed F-104G and RF-104G Starfighter<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1963&ndash;1986<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/de\/organisation\/marine\/organisation\/marinefliegerkommando\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundeswehr: Marinefliegerkommando<\/a><span>the navy&rsquo;s own page: about 2,500 personnel, two wings (MFG 3 fixed wing, MFG 5 helicopters) at Nordholz, and the current type list including the Sea Lynx being retired by the end of 2026<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/marineflieger.de\/waffensysteme\/fluggeraete\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Marineflieger.de: Waffensysteme &mdash; Flugger&#228;te<\/a><span>the arm&rsquo;s own equipment pages: P-8A and Do 228 LM with MFG 3, NH90 Sea Lion and Sea Tiger with MFG 5, MQ-9B SeaGuardian from 2028<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/de\/meldungen\/p-8a-poseidon-ankunft-verteidigungsminister-6038882\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundeswehr: P-8A Poseidon &mdash; erster neuer Seefernaufkl&#228;rer in Deutschland gelandet<\/a><span>first of eight P-8A landed 7 November 2025, about 3.1 billion euros for the programme, remaining seven by 2029, MFG 3 at Nordholz, employment over the North Atlantic between Greenland, Iceland and the United Kingdom<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/de\/organisation\/ausruestung-baainbw\/aktuelles\/beschaffung-seefernaufklaerer-p8a-5885384\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">BAAINBw: Seefernaufkl&#228;rer P-8A &mdash; Poseidon in Rekordzeit beschafft<\/a><span>five aircraft contracted June 2021, three more approved by the budget committee in November 2023 making eight, deliveries from the fourth quarter of 2025, roughly four years from contract to delivery<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnv-medien.de\/landkreis-cuxhaven\/erste-p-8a-poseidon-gelandet-historischer-tag-fuer-den-marinefliegerstandort-nordholz.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CNV Medien: Erste P-8A Poseidon gelandet &mdash; historischer Tag f&#252;r die Nordholzer Marineflieger<\/a><span>63+01 landed at Nordholz on Friday 7 November 2025 ; second aircraft due in December, third in early 2026; eight planned by 2028<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnv-medien.de\/landkreis-cuxhaven\/nordholz\/nordholz-feiert-indienststellung-der-p-8a-poseidon-und-ende-der-orion-aera.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CNV Medien: Nordholz feiert Indienststellung der P-8A Poseidon &mdash; und Ende der Orion-&#196;ra<\/a><span>commissioning of the P-8A and retirement of the P-3C on 20 November 2025, just under 28,500 Orion flying hours, officials named<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.janes.com\/defence-intelligence-insights\/defence-news\/defence\/ila-2026-germany-navy-stands-up-poseidon-mma-capability\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Janes: ILA 2026 &mdash; German Navy stands up Poseidon MMA capability<\/a><span>three P-8A delivered of eight contracted, expansion to twelve under consideration, first aircraft 63+01 arrived November 2025, remaining deliveries by 2029<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/suv.report\/beschaffung-vier-weiterer-p-8a-poseidon-steht-kurz-bevor\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sicherheit &amp; Verteidigung: Beschaffung vier weiterer P-8A Poseidon steht kurz bevor<\/a><span>23 April 2026: Vizeadmiral Jan Christian Kaack says a contract for four more is imminent at about 1.8 billion euros, to make twelve; eight ordered for about 2.4 billion, three delivered, two more expected by September 2026<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flugrevue.de\/militaer\/keine-modernisierung-marineflieger-mustern-die-p-3c-orion-2025-aus\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">FLUG REVUE: Keine Modernisierung &mdash; Marineflieger mustern die P-3C Orion 2025 aus<\/a><span>modernisation cancelled over technical difficulties and incalculable total cost, retirement ten years early, rewinging of two aircraft still needed, MAWS planned for 2035<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr-journal.de\/2015\/orion-bedingt-einsatzbereit-bei-ausufernden-kosten-teil-1\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">bundeswehr-journal: Orion &mdash; bedingt einsatzbereit bei ausufernden Kosten<\/a><span>Struck and Kamp agreed 13 July 2004, contract 22 November 2004, first aircraft at Nordholz 17 March 2006 and all eight by 30 June 2006; 2004 estimate about 366 million euros; over a billion by 2014 (441.52 million acquisition, 573.3 million investment and maintenance); Bundesrechnungshof on poor technical condition; a further 904 million planned through 2020<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/de\/organisation\/ausruestung-baainbw\/aktuelles\/serienauslieferung-des-sea-lion-abgeschlossen-5576398\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">BAAINBw: Serienauslieferung des Sea Lion abgeschlossen<\/a><span>eighteenth and final NH90 NTH Sea Lion handed over at Donauw&#246;rth on 26 January 2023 and at Nordholz on 31 January; ordered 2015; replaces the Sea King Mk 41<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/esut.de\/2025\/12\/meldungen\/see\/66294\/bordhubschrauber-nh90-sea-tiger-an-die-truppe-uebergeben\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ESUT: Bordhubschrauber NH90 Sea Tiger an die Truppe &#252;bergeben<\/a><span>first Sea Tiger handed over 16 December 2025, 31 on order, deliveries through 2030, for the F124, F125 and F126 frigates, replacing the Sea Lynx Mk 88A in service since 1981<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr-journal.de\/2026\/deutsche-marineflieger-erhalten-ihren-ersten-sea-tiger\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">bundeswehr-journal: Deutsche Marineflieger erhalten ihren ersten Sea Tiger<\/a><span>handover on 16 December 2025 at the defence ministry in Berlin, 31 helicopters for MFG 5 at Nordholz, dipping sonar, sonobuoys, electro-optical sensors, torpedo and anti-ship missile<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/de\/organisation\/marine\/aktuelles\/hubschrauber-sea-lynx-abschiedstour-6139622\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundeswehr: Nordholz &mdash; Hubschrauber Sea Lynx beendet Abschiedstour &quot;End of an Era&quot;<\/a><span>4 August 2026: 45 years of Sea Lynx service from 1981, more than 120,000 flying hours, specially painted aircraft on a farewell tour, first Sea Tiger delivered December 2025<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/marineforum.online\/sea-lynx-ausserdienststellung-marine-2026\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">marineforum: Der Lynx fliegt davon &mdash; Marine verabschiedet Bordhubschrauber<\/a><span>22 Mk 88A in service, three lost in accidents, out of service by the end of 2026 with the Sea Tiger taking over from January 2027, airworthy airframes reported to be going to Ukraine<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr-journal.de\/2024\/sea-king-mk-41-der-marineflieger-ende-einer-aera\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">bundeswehr-journal: Sea King Mk.41 der Marineflieger &mdash; Ende einer &#196;ra<\/a><span>22 ordered, delivered April 1973 to September 1974; 89+59 lost 17 November 1998; retired 31 August 2024; 14,645 SAR missions from 1975; 349 crew over 50 years; six to Ukraine announced January 2024<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr-journal.de\/2024\/deutsche-marine-verabschiedete-sich-vom-sea-king-mk-41\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">bundeswehr-journal: Deutsche Marine verabschiedete sich vom Sea King Mk.41<\/a><span>last landing at Nordholz on 15 August 2024<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/de\/meldungen\/bundeswehr-mq-9b-drohnen-seefernaufklaerung-u-boot-jagd-6057512\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundeswehr: Marine bekommt Drohnen zum Einsatz &#252;ber See<\/a><span>eight MQ-9B ordered 12 January 2026 from General Atomics for MFG 3 at Nordholz, maritime surveillance and anti-submarine work with sonobuoys, in service from 2028<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hartpunkt.de\/marine-projekt-mit-hubschrauberdrohne-ums-skeldar-beendet\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">hartpunkt: Marine &mdash; Projekt mit Hubschrauberdrohne UMS Skeldar beendet<\/a><span>AImEG programme cancelled after contractual milestones were missed; 25 million euro first phase approved April 2021, main contract with UMS Skeldar Sweden via ESG late 2021, total budget 80.3 million euros, three systems due from 2024, one air vehicle crashed in testing<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/augengeradeaus.net\/2024\/07\/marine-stoppt-projekt-fuer-hubschrauberdrohnen-auf-korvetten\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Augen geradeaus!: Marine stoppt Projekt f&#252;r Hubschrauberdrohnen auf Korvetten<\/a><span>dates the cancellation of the Sea Falcon programme to July 2024<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnv-medien.de\/landkreis-cuxhaven\/nordholzer-marineflieger-ab-sofort-unter-neuem-kommando.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">CNV Medien: Nordholzer Marineflieger ab sofort unter neuem Kommando<\/a><span>Kapit&#228;n zur See Broder Nielsen took over the Marinefliegerkommando from Kapit&#228;n zur See Thorsten Bobzin on 18 November 2022 after 51 months<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dewiki.de\/Lexikon\/Marineflieger\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia (German, mirror): Marineflieger<\/a><span>five Marinefliegergeschwader at the peak with up to 200 aircraft and helicopters; type list with service years for the Skeeter, Sycamore, H-34G, Sea King, Sea Lynx, Gannet, Atlantic, P-3C, Do 27, Pembroke, Do 28D-2, HU-16; MFG 28 at Laage 1988 to 31 December 1990<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mfg1.de\/Waffensysteme\/Flugzeuge\/Flugzeuge-Tornado.htm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">MFG1.de: Waffensysteme &mdash; PA-200 Tornado<\/a><span>the Marineflieger received 112 of the 357 Tornados built for Germany; MFG 1 July 1982 to December 1993, more than 75,000 hours<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.key.aero\/article\/when-navy-operated-tornados\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Key.Aero: When a navy operated Tornados<\/a><span>112 Tornado IDS for the Bundesmarine, split between MFG 1 at Jagel and MFG 2 at Eggebek; the rest of the article is behind a paywall<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pink-unicorn.tv\/lockheed-f-104-starfighter-bundesmarine\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Pink Unicorn: Fliegen wo die Flotte f&#228;hrt &mdash; die F-104G Starfighter der Bundesmarine<\/a><span>168 of the 916 Starfighters delivered to the Bundeswehr went to the Marineflieger; MFG 1 and MFG 2 from the mid-1960s, MFG 2 to 1986; French air-to-surface missiles then the Kormoran from 1977; RF-104G Eastern Express reconnaissance sorties over the eastern Baltic<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dewiki.de\/Lexikon\/Seefliegerhorst_Schleswig\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia (German, mirror): Seefliegerhorst Schleswig<\/a><span>coordinates 54&#176; 31&amp;prime; 16&amp;Prime; N, 9&#176; 35&amp;prime; 55.6&amp;Prime; E; built 1935 and inaugurated 1 October 1935; Flieger-Ersatz-Abteilung 16 (See), battalion 1937, regiment 1940, 5. Luftwaffendivision by 1942; He 42, He 59, He 60, Dornier Wal and Junkers W 34; RAF Caterham Barracks, released mid-April 1953; Bundeswehr 1956 to 2003<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mil-airfields.de\/de\/parow-airbase.htm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Military Airfield Directory: Parow<\/a><span>coordinates N54 22 09 E013 04 57, ICAO ETPA around 1985 to 1990, runways 250 m by 30 m concrete and 800 m by 60 m grass, MHG 18 &quot;Kurt Barthel&quot; with Mi-8S, Mi-8T, Mi-8TB, Mi-14BT and Mi-14PL in 1990, now the Naval Engineering School with a helipad<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wwwstatic.wlb-stuttgart.de\/seekrieg\/lw\/see.htm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">W&#252;rttembergische Landesbibliothek, Seekrieg: Seefliegerverb&#228;nde 1939&ndash;45<\/a><span>16 Seeflugzeugstaffeln and 3 Tr&#228;gerstaffeln in 1939 under the General der Luftwaffe beim Oberbefehlshaber der Kriegsmarine, Generalmajor Hans Ritter; tactical control to the Kriegsmarine from 21 August 1939 under F.d.Luft (West) at Jever and F.d.Luft (Ost) at Dievenow; coastal squadrons drawn on in 1942 to fill and form bomber wings; Fliegerf&#252;hrer Atlantik merged into X. Fliegerkorps in March 1944<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/data\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports open data (airports and runways)<\/a><span>coordinates, elevations and runway dimensions for EDHK Kiel-Holtenau and EDXW Westerland\/Sylt<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mil-aip.de\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Milit&#228;risches Luftfahrthandbuch Deutschland (MIL AIP)<\/a><span>aerodrome reference points, elevations and runway data for the German military airfields in this dataset<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/de\/organisation\/marine\/aktuelles\/abschied-sea-king-5831488\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundeswehr: Marineflieger &mdash; Abschied vom Sea King<\/a><span>the last flight on 15 August 2024 after nearly fifty years, the figure of 14,645 search and rescue missions, the outstations on Borkum and Helgoland and at Warnem&#252;nde, the replacement by the NH90 Sea Lion, and the verbatim statements of Fregattenkapit&#228;n Thomas Richter, Kapit&#228;nleutnant Jonas Weinrich and Kapit&#228;n zur See Broder Nielsen<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/suv.report\/beschaffung-vier-weiterer-p-8a-poseidon-steht-kurz-bevor\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sicherheit &amp; Verteidigung: Beschaffung vier weiterer P-8A Poseidon steht kurz bevor<\/a><span>five aircraft ordered in June 2021 for about 2.4 billion euros, three more in November 2023, four further aircraft at an estimated 1.8 billion euros in preparation and a long-term goal of twelve, and the delivery state in 2026<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordsee-zeitung.de\/cuxland\/schreckmomente-in-der-mfg3-geschichte-flugunfall-auf-der-landebahn-in-nordholz-216932.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nordsee-Zeitung: Schreckmomente in der MFG3-Geschichte &mdash; Flugunfall auf der Landebahn in Nordholz<\/a><span>the 1978 crash and fire of Br&#233;guet Atlantic 61+07 on the runway at Nordholz, described as the first serious accident to the type in German service; the article as consulted does not give casualty figures<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-09-20. Order of Battle pages are regenerated from a single dataset; if a number here disagrees with a Book of Beasts page, this page is the more recent of the two.<\/p>\n<p class=\"verified\">Photographs: Photo: U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Edgar Grimaldo \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Andr&#233; Gerwing \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Steve Lynes from Sandshurst, United Kingdom \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Alan Wilson \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: bertknot from scarborough, australia \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Alan Wilson from Stilton, Peterborough, Cambs, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Colin Cooke Photo \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Alan Wilson from Weston, Spalding, Lincs, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Cameron11598 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: calflier001 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Gerard van der Schaaf \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Jerry Gunner from Lincoln, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Boevaya mashina \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: AlfvanBeem \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0) &middot; Photo: Unknown authorUnknown author \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Photographer oscar S. Olsen. Photo tagged as Public domain by the National Libra \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/de-hero-german-naval-aviation.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/de-t-boeing-p-8a-poseidon-b.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph3{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/de-t-nhindustries-nh90-nth-sea-lion.jpg)!important}#mfam 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