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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/fleet-air-arm\/\">Fleet Air Arm<\/a><\/div>\n<h1>Every war the Fleet Air Arm has fought<\/h1>\n<p class=\"sub\">The First World War was fought by the Royal Naval Air Service, the Fleet Air Arm&rsquo;s predecessor, and the 2021 strikes by a Lightning Force shared with the RAF; both are recorded. Where a consolidated sortie or loss figure exists in the official record it is given here; where accounts disagree, the range is shown and the disagreement named. Blank cells are blank because no figure could be verified, not because the fighting was small.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">From the Cuxhaven raid of 1914 to strikes on Islamic State from HMS Queen Elizabeth in 2021.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"warfind\" data-filter=\"#combattbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr.crow\" data-noun=\"conflicts\" placeholder=\"Search conflicts, countries, aircraft, years\" aria-label=\"Search conflicts, countries, aircraft, years\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"warfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"warfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt cbt\" id=\"combattbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Conflict<\/th>\n<th>Years<\/th>\n<th>Against<\/th>\n<th>Main aircraft<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Sorties<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Aircraft lost<\/th>\n<th><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd0\" data-x=\"the North Sea, the Channel coast, the Dardanelles and home air defence Royal Naval Air Service Alongside France, Russia, Italy and United States Sopwith Pup Short seaplanes Airships\">\n<td>The First World War<span class=\"cwho\">the Royal Naval Air Service<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Royal Naval Air Service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1914&ndash;1918<\/td>\n<td>Germany and Ottoman Empire<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-pup\/\">Sopwith Pup<\/a>, Short seaplanes, Airships<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd0\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd0\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Flew seaplane and ship-borne raids, maritime patrol, anti-Zeppelin defence and bombing, and pioneered the aircraft carrier.<\/p>\n<p>The RNAS was an air force in its own right: when it was merged into the RAF on 1 April 1918 it had 55,066 officers and men, 2,949 aircraft, 103 airships and 126 coastal stations. Its war was full of firsts. On 25 December 1914 seaplanes carried by converted cross-Channel ships raided the Zeppelin sheds at Cuxhaven, the first attack by British ship-borne aircraft. In 1915 a Short seaplane flown by C. H. K. Edmonds made the first successful aerial torpedo attack against a ship. In 1917 Edwin Dunning landed a Sopwith Pup on HMS Furious while she was under way. Two RNAS airmen, Reginald Warneford and Richard Bell-Davies, won the Victoria Cross. The irony is that the service that did most to invent carrier aviation lost control of its own aircraft for twenty years just as the carrier became practical.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> By the armistice the RNAS had been absorbed into the RAF (1 April 1918).<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Casualty and sortie totals for the RNAS were not found in the sources checked and are not given.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Royal Naval Air Service<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>the North Sea, the Channel coast, the Dardanelles and home air defence<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>France, Russia, Italy and United States<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany and Ottoman Empire<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-pup\/\">Sopwith Pup<\/a>, Short seaplanes, Airships<\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not verified.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Naval_Air_Service\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fleet_Air_Arm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd1\" data-x=\"Bergen and the Norwegian coast Fleet Air Arm Alongside Norway, France and Poland Blackburn Skua\">\n<td>The Norwegian campaign<span class=\"cwho\">the sinking of the K&#246;nigsberg<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Fleet Air Arm<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1940<\/td>\n<td>Germany<\/td>\n<td>Blackburn Skua<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd1\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd1\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Dive-bombed German warships at Bergen and supported the Allied campaign in Norway.<\/p>\n<p>On 10 April 1940, the day after Germany invaded Norway, Skuas of 800 and 803 Squadrons dive-bombed the cruiser K&#246;nigsberg at Bergen, sinking her. 800 Squadron&rsquo;s history counts five of its Skuas in the attack. It was a rare success in a campaign that went badly for the Allies, but it showed what a dive bomber flown from the navy&rsquo;s own bases could do against a ship.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The cruiser K&#246;nigsberg was sunk on 10 April 1940; the Norwegian campaign ended in Allied withdrawal in June.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Service details of the Skua and the other naval aircraft lost in Norway were not verified; no loss figures are given.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Fleet Air Arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Bergen and the Norwegian coast<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>Norway, France and Poland<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Blackburn Skua<\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not verified.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/800_Naval_Air_Squadron\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd2\" data-x=\"Taranto, the Ionian Sea and the eastern Mediterranean Fleet Air Arm Alongside Australia Fairey Swordfish Fairey Albacore\">\n<td>Taranto and Matapan<span class=\"cwho\">the Mediterranean carrier war<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Fleet Air Arm<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1940&ndash;1941<\/td>\n<td>Italy and Germany<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-swordfish\/\">Fairey Swordfish<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-albacore\/\">Fairey Albacore<\/a><\/td>\n<td>21<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd2\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd2\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Attacked the Italian battle fleet in harbour at night and slowed it at sea for the battleships.<\/p>\n<p>Taranto was the Fleet Air Arm&rsquo;s masterpiece. On the night of 11&ndash;12 November 1940 HMS Illustrious launched two waves of Swordfish, 12 and then nine, against the Italian battle fleet at anchor. The biplanes torpedoed the Conte di Cavour, Littorio and Duilio, damaged a cruiser and two destroyers and lost two aircraft. Wikipedia&rsquo;s account gives 59 Italians killed. Admiral Cunningham wrote that Taranto &ldquo;should be remembered forever as having shown once and for all that in the Fleet Air Arm the Navy has its most devastating weapon&rdquo;. Four months later, on 28 March 1941, Albacores and Swordfish from HMS Formidable attacked the Italian fleet off Cape Matapan: Lieutenant-Commander John Dalyell-Stead hit the Vittorio Veneto before being shot down, and an evening strike stopped the cruiser Pola, which let Cunningham&rsquo;s battleships catch and sink her and two sister cruisers that night.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Three Italian battleships disabled at Taranto; three Italian heavy cruisers and two destroyers sunk after Matapan.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Italian casualty figures for Taranto are taken from Wikipedia and were not checked against Italian official sources.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Fleet Air Arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Taranto, the Ionian Sea and the eastern Mediterranean<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>Australia<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Italy and Germany<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-swordfish\/\">Fairey Swordfish<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-albacore\/\">Fairey Albacore<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>21<span class=\"cwho\">21 Swordfish launched at Taranto (20 reached the target).<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>2 aircraft &middot; 2 killed<span class=\"cwho\">At Taranto two Swordfish were shot down: two aircrew killed and two captured. At Matapan one Albacore was shot down with its crew.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Taranto\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Cape_Matapan\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fleet_Air_Arm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd3\" data-x=\"the North Atlantic, the English Channel and northern Norway Fleet Air Arm Alongside Norway (exile forces) and United States Fairey Swordfish Fairey Barracuda Vought Corsair Grumman Hellcat Grumman Martlet\">\n<td>Bismarck, the Channel Dash and the Tirpitz<span class=\"cwho\">the war against the German heavy ships<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Fleet Air Arm<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1941&ndash;1944<\/td>\n<td>Germany<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-swordfish\/\">Fairey Swordfish<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-barracuda\/\">Fairey Barracuda<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f4u-corsair\/\">Vought Corsair<\/a><span class=\"cwho\">and 2 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd3\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd3\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd3\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Torpedo and dive-bombing attacks on Germany&rsquo;s battleships and battlecruisers.<\/p>\n<p>Three attacks define this war. On 24 May 1941 Swordfish of 825 Squadron under Lieutenant-Commander Eugene Esmonde flew from the new carrier Victorious and put one torpedo into the Bismarck, to little effect. Two days later Ark Royal launched 15 Swordfish in foul weather; the first strike attacked HMS Sheffield by mistake, and the second hit the Bismarck astern and jammed her rudder, so the battleships could catch her the next morning. On 12 February 1942 Esmonde led six Swordfish from Manston against the German battlecruisers escaping up the Channel; all six were shot down, 13 of the 18 aircrew died, and Esmonde received a posthumous Victoria Cross. On 3 April 1944, in Operation Tungsten, two waves of 21 Barracudas with fighter escort hit the Tirpitz 15 times, killing 122 of her crew for the loss of four aircraft and nine men; later raids in July and August achieved little and the task passed to the RAF.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Bismarck sunk on 27 May 1941; Tirpitz damaged in April 1944 but not sunk by naval aircraft.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Esmonde&rsquo;s Bismarck attack of 24 May is sometimes conflated with the decisive Ark Royal strike of 26 May; the rudder hit came from Ark Royal&rsquo;s aircraft.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Fleet Air Arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>the North Atlantic, the English Channel and northern Norway<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>Norway (exile forces) and United States<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Germany<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-swordfish\/\">Fairey Swordfish<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-barracuda\/\">Fairey Barracuda<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f4u-corsair\/\">Vought Corsair<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f6f-hellcat\/\">Grumman Hellcat<\/a>, Grumman Martlet<\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Channel Dash: all six Swordfish lost and 13 aircrew killed. Operation Tungsten: four aircraft and nine men lost.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Last_battle_of_the_battleship_Bismarck\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Channel_Dash\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Tungsten\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.royalnavymuseums.org.uk\/news\/flying-fire-eugene-esmonde-and-attack-bismarck\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Royal Navy Museums<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd4\" data-x=\"Sumatra, the Sakishima Islands and the Japanese home islands Fleet Air Arm Alongside United States, Australia, New Zealand and Canada Supermarine Seafire Vought Corsair Grumman Hellcat Grumman Avenger Fairey Firefly Fairey Barracuda\">\n<td>The British Pacific Fleet<span class=\"cwho\">Palembang, Sakishima and Japan<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Fleet Air Arm<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1945<\/td>\n<td>Japan<\/td>\n<td>Supermarine Seafire, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f4u-corsair\/\">Vought Corsair<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f6f-hellcat\/\">Grumman Hellcat<\/a><span class=\"cwho\">and 3 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd4\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd4\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd4\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Struck oil refineries at Palembang, suppressed kamikaze airfields during the Okinawa campaign and attacked Japan.<\/p>\n<p>By August 1945 the British Pacific Fleet had six fleet carriers, four light carriers and nine escort carriers, with more than 750 aircraft. In January 1945 its strikes on the refineries at Palembang in Sumatra cost 48 aircraft for claims of 30 Japanese aircraft in the air and 38 on the ground. From March to May it was given sole responsibility for the airfields of the Sakishima Islands during the Okinawa campaign, where the armoured flight decks of the British carriers shrugged off kamikaze hits that would have put American carriers out of action for months. In the last weeks its aircraft attacked Kure, the Inland Sea and Osaka. On 9 August 1945 Lieutenant Robert Hampton Gray, a Canadian flying a Corsair from HMS Formidable, sank a Japanese warship and was killed; he received a posthumous Victoria Cross.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Japan surrendered in August 1945; the fleet had more than 750 aircraft by then.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Japanese aircraft claims are British claims and are given as such.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Fleet Air Arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Sumatra, the Sakishima Islands and the Japanese home islands<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United States, Australia, New Zealand and Canada<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Japan<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Supermarine Seafire, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f4u-corsair\/\">Vought Corsair<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f6f-hellcat\/\">Grumman Hellcat<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tbf-avenger\/\">Grumman Avenger<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-firefly\/\">Fairey Firefly<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-barracuda\/\">Fairey Barracuda<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">48 FAA aircraft lost to enemy action and crashes in the Palembang raids of January 1945.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Pacific_Fleet\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vought_F4U_Corsair\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd5\" data-x=\"the west coast of Korea Fleet Air Arm Alongside United Nations Command, United States and Australia Supermarine Seafire Hawker Sea Fury Fairey Firefly\">\n<td>The Korean War<span class=\"cwho\">light fleet carriers off Korea<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Fleet Air Arm<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1950&ndash;1953<\/td>\n<td>North Korea, China and Soviet Union (air units)<\/td>\n<td>Supermarine Seafire, Hawker Sea Fury, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-firefly\/\">Fairey Firefly<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd5\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd5\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd5\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Flew strike, close air support and patrol from light fleet carriers under the United Nations command.<\/p>\n<p>Four British light carriers &mdash; Triumph, Theseus, Glory and Ocean &mdash; took turns off Korea, joined by the Australian Sydney. Triumph&rsquo;s Seafires of 800 Squadron flew 360 sorties in the first months; after that the piston-engined Sea Fury and Firefly carried the load, strafing and bombing bridges, railways and troops. The best-known episode came in August 1952, when four Sea Furies of 802 Squadron from HMS Ocean met eight MiG-15 jets and one MiG was destroyed. Lieutenant Peter &ldquo;Hoagy&rdquo; Carmichael was officially credited, though another pilot, Sub-Lieutenant Brian Ellis, later said the kill was his. It was one of very few piston-fighter victories over a jet, but it did not change the fact that the war belonged to jets and that the navy&rsquo;s were not yet good enough.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Armistice of 27 July 1953.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The date is given as 8 or 9 August 1952 in different sources, and the credit for the MiG kill is disputed between Carmichael and Ellis.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Fleet Air Arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>the west coast of Korea<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United Nations Command, United States and Australia<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>North Korea, China and Soviet Union (air units)<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Supermarine Seafire, Hawker Sea Fury, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fairey-firefly\/\">Fairey Firefly<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">800 NAS alone flew 360 sorties with Seafires in 1950.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not verified.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fleet_Air_Arm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hawker_Sea_Fury\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supermarine_Seafire\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd6\" data-x=\"Egypt: the Nile Delta airfields, the Canal Zone and Port Said Fleet Air Arm Alongside France and Israel Hawker Sea Hawk de Havilland Sea Venom Westland Wyvern Douglas Skyraider Westland Whirlwind Bristol Sycamore\">\n<td>The Suez crisis<span class=\"cwho\">Operation Musketeer<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Fleet Air Arm<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1956<\/td>\n<td>Egypt<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sea-hawk\/\">Hawker Sea Hawk<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/de-havilland-venom\/\">de Havilland Sea Venom<\/a>, Westland Wyvern<span class=\"cwho\">and 3 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1,600<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd6\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd6\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd6\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Struck Egyptian airfields and ground targets from three carriers and flew the first British helicopter assault.<\/p>\n<p>Suez was the Fleet Air Arm&rsquo;s biggest post-war strike operation. Eagle, Albion and Bulwark flew Sea Hawks, Sea Venoms, Wyverns and Skyraiders against Egyptian airfields and vehicles; six Sea Hawk squadrons took part, and the carriers generated sorties faster than land-based aircraft flying from Cyprus and Malta. On 6 November helicopters from the light carriers Ocean and Theseus flew 45 Commando ashore at Port Said, the first time British forces were lifted by helicopter directly into a combat zone. Militarily it worked; politically it was a disaster, and the operation was halted within days. It also showed that the new jets needed bigger carriers than Britain could afford for long.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> A ceasefire came within days of the landings and British forces later withdrew, under heavy international pressure.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Wikipedia&rsquo;s claims about Egyptian aircraft destroyed are not repeated because they could not be checked against Egyptian sources. A Wyvern is reported to have fired on British Marines by mistake.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Fleet Air Arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Egypt: the Nile Delta airfields, the Canal Zone and Port Said<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>France and Israel<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Egypt<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sea-hawk\/\">Hawker Sea Hawk<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/de-havilland-venom\/\">de Havilland Sea Venom<\/a>, Westland Wyvern, Douglas Skyraider, Westland Whirlwind, Bristol Sycamore<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>1,600<span class=\"cwho\">About 1,600 sorties from Eagle, Albion and Bulwark (Wikipedia); 809 NAS flew just under 140.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">FAA aircraft losses were not verified in the sources checked.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fleet_Air_Arm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Musketeer_(1956)\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suez_Crisis\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hawker_Sea_Hawk\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/809_Naval_Air_Squadron\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd7\" data-x=\"Kuwait, Tanganyika, Borneo and Aden Fleet Air Arm Alongside Malaysia and Kuwait de Havilland Sea Vixen Westland Wessex\">\n<td>Kuwait, Borneo and Aden<span class=\"cwho\">end-of-empire operations<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Fleet Air Arm<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1961&ndash;1967<\/td>\n<td>Indonesia (Borneo confrontation)<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/de-havilland-sea-vixen\/\">de Havilland Sea Vixen<\/a>, Westland Wessex<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd7\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd7\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd7\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Carrier cover for Kuwait in 1961 and Tanganyika in 1964, commando helicopter support in the Borneo confrontation and cover for the withdrawal from Aden.<\/p>\n<p>In 1961 Sea Vixens flew patrols over Kuwait when Iraq threatened to annex it; in 1964 aircraft from HMS Centaur covered Royal Marines in Tanganyika. In Borneo, about 55 Wessex helicopters carried troops and supplies against Indonesian-backed guerrillas, up to 16 men or 4,000 pounds at a time, into jungle clearings no road reached. In 1967 Sea Vixens helped cover the withdrawal from Aden. These were small operations, but they are why the navy went on to value the commando carrier and the troop-carrying helicopter.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Iraq did not move on Kuwait; the Borneo confrontation ended in 1966; Britain left Aden in 1967.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Figures on Wessex numbers in Borneo are approximate.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Fleet Air Arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Kuwait, Tanganyika, Borneo and Aden<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>Malaysia and Kuwait<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Indonesia (Borneo confrontation)<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/de-havilland-sea-vixen\/\">de Havilland Sea Vixen<\/a>, Westland Wessex<\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not verified.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/De_Havilland_Sea_Vixen\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Westland_Wessex\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd8\" data-x=\"the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Atlantic Fleet Air Arm Alongside Royal Air Force, British Army and Royal Marines British Aerospace Sea Harrier FRS1 Westland Sea King Westland Wessex Westland Lynx Westland Wasp\">\n<td>The Falklands War<span class=\"cwho\">Operation Corporate<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Fleet Air Arm<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1982<\/td>\n<td>Argentina<\/td>\n<td>British Aerospace Sea Harrier FRS1, Westland Sea King, Westland Wessex<span class=\"cwho\">and 2 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd8\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd8\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd8\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Provided the task force&rsquo;s only fighter cover with Sea Harriers from Hermes and Invincible, plus anti-submarine, troop-lift and strike helicopters.<\/p>\n<p>The Falklands was the Fleet Air Arm&rsquo;s war. With the big carriers gone, the task force relied on the Sea Harriers of 800 and 801 Squadrons in Hermes and Invincible. 800 Squadron&rsquo;s history credits it with 17 Argentine aircraft; the type as a whole is credited with 20 shot down (Wikipedia&rsquo;s article on the Argentine air forces counts 21); none was lost in air combat. Six Sea Harriers were lost to ground fire and accidents; Lieutenant Nick Taylor was killed on 4 May and Lieutenant-Commander Gordon Batt on 23 May. The helicopter effort was bigger still: more than 150 helicopters took part. On 25 April Wasps and a Lynx damaged the submarine Santa Fe at South Georgia; on 3 May a Lynx fired the first Sea Skua in combat. Sea Kings and Wessex carried troops and stores ashore, and the loss of Atlantic Conveyor on 25 May took three of four Chinooks and five or six Wessex with her.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Kill totals differ (17 for 800 NAS; 20 or 21 for all Sea Harriers) and are British counts. Argentina claimed at the time and still claims that it hit HMS Invincible on 30 May 1982; no evidence of damage has been produced, according to the British account. British deaths in the war were 255 and Argentine 649.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Fleet Air Arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Atlantic<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>Royal Air Force, British Army and Royal Marines<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Argentina<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>British Aerospace Sea Harrier FRS1, Westland Sea King, Westland Wessex, Westland Lynx, Westland Wasp<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Sortie totals were not verified.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Six Sea Harriers were lost: two to ground fire and four in accidents; none in air combat. Nine Wessex were lost, five or six of them in Atlantic Conveyor. A Sea King crashed on 19 May with 22 men killed.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Aerospace_Sea_Harrier\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argentine_air_forces_in_the_Falklands_War\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Falklands_War\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/800_Naval_Air_Squadron\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Westland_Wasp\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Westland_Lynx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Westland_Wessex\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Westland_Sea_King\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Invincible_(R05)\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd9\" data-x=\"the northern Persian Gulf Fleet Air Arm Alongside United States and Coalition Westland Lynx HAS3\">\n<td>The Gulf War<span class=\"cwho\">Operation Granby<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Fleet Air Arm<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1991<\/td>\n<td>Iraq<\/td>\n<td>Westland Lynx HAS3<\/td>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd9\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd9\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd9\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Lynx helicopters from British warships attacked Iraqi naval vessels with Sea Skua missiles.<\/p>\n<p>The Royal Navy&rsquo;s war in 1991 was fought at sea, and its most visible air contribution was the ship&rsquo;s Lynx. Operating from destroyers and frigates in the northern Gulf, Lynx helicopters hunted Iraqi fast attack craft and minelayers and fired 25 Sea Skua missiles, 18 of which were confirmed as hits. The small, radar-guided missile had first been fired in anger in the Falklands nine years earlier; in 1991 it did much of the work of dismantling the Iraqi navy.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Coalition victory; much of Iraq&rsquo;s navy was put out of action.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Hit figures are Coalition assessments.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Fleet Air Arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>the northern Persian Gulf<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United States and Coalition<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Iraq<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Westland Lynx HAS3<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>25<span class=\"cwho\">25 Sea Skuas fired, 18 confirmed hits.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>0 aircraft<span class=\"cwho\">No Lynx loss recorded in the source.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Westland_Lynx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd10\" data-x=\"Bosnia and Herzegovina, from carriers in the Adriatic Fleet Air Arm Alongside NATO and United Nations British Aerospace Sea Harrier FRS1\">\n<td>Bosnia<span class=\"cwho\">Operations Deny Flight and Deliberate Force<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Fleet Air Arm<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1993&ndash;1995<\/td>\n<td>Bosnian Serb forces<\/td>\n<td>British Aerospace Sea Harrier FRS1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd10\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd10\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd10\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Sea Harriers from British carriers flew combat air patrols and close air support for the UN and NATO.<\/p>\n<p>The Invincible-class carriers took turns in the Adriatic while NATO enforced the no-fly zone over Bosnia. On 16 April 1994 a Sea Harrier from HMS Ark Royal, called in by UN forces to attack a tank near Gora&#382;de, made several passes and was hit by a Bosnian Serb shoulder-launched missile. The pilot ejected and was rescued. The lesson was that the Sea Harrier needed precision weapons and better electronics, and the Royal Navy added the Paveway II laser-guided bomb.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The Dayton agreement ended the war in late 1995.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The pilot&rsquo;s name and the missile type are given differently in secondary accounts and are not repeated here.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Fleet Air Arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Bosnia and Herzegovina, from carriers in the Adriatic<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>NATO and United Nations<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Bosnian Serb forces<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>British Aerospace Sea Harrier FRS1<\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>1 aircraft &middot; 0 killed<span class=\"cwho\">One Sea Harrier from HMS Ark Royal shot down near Gora&#382;de on 16 April 1994; the pilot ejected and was recovered.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Deny_Flight\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Aerospace_Sea_Harrier\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Invincible_(R05)\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd11\" data-x=\"Kosovo and Serbia, from the Adriatic Fleet Air Arm Alongside NATO British Aerospace Sea Harrier FA2\">\n<td>Kosovo<span class=\"cwho\">Operation Allied Force<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Fleet Air Arm<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1999<\/td>\n<td>Federal Republic of Yugoslavia<\/td>\n<td>British Aerospace Sea Harrier FA2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd11\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd11\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd11\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Sea Harriers from HMS Invincible flew in the NATO air campaign; the carrier&rsquo;s helicopters helped refugees.<\/p>\n<p>HMS Invincible, commanded as a task group by Rear-Admiral Alan West, took Sea Harrier FA2s to the Adriatic for NATO&rsquo;s air war over Kosovo, while her helicopters helped refugees. The carrier had also flown in Operation Bolton over southern Iraq in 1997&ndash;1999. It was the last campaign in which the Navy&rsquo;s own fighter flew in a NATO air war before Joint Force Harrier took over.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Yugoslav forces withdrew from Kosovo in June 1999.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Sortie numbers for the Sea Harriers over Kosovo were not verified.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Fleet Air Arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Kosovo and Serbia, from the Adriatic<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>NATO<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Federal Republic of Yugoslavia<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>British Aerospace Sea Harrier FA2<\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>0 aircraft &middot; 0 killed<span class=\"cwho\">No loss recorded in the source.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Invincible_(R05)\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd12\" data-x=\"Freetown and Sierra Leone Fleet Air Arm Alongside Sierra Leone and United Nations (UNAMSIL) British Aerospace Sea Harrier FA2 British Aerospace Harrier GR7\">\n<td>Sierra Leone<span class=\"cwho\">Operation Palliser<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Fleet Air Arm<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2000<\/td>\n<td>Revolutionary United Front<\/td>\n<td>British Aerospace Sea Harrier FA2, British Aerospace Harrier GR7<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd12\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd12\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd12\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Harriers from HMS Illustrious flew reassurance and reconnaissance patrols over Freetown.<\/p>\n<p>HMS Illustrious arrived off Sierra Leone on 14 May 2000 as Britain intervened to evacuate civilians and shore up the UN mission against the Revolutionary United Front. Harriers from the carrier flew reassurance patrols over Freetown and reconnaissance for the UN force, a small but early demonstration of the joint Harrier force formed that April.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The British intervention helped stabilise the UN mission.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Details of individual squadrons embarked were not verified.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Fleet Air Arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Freetown and Sierra Leone<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>Sierra Leone and United Nations (UNAMSIL)<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Revolutionary United Front<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>British Aerospace Sea Harrier FA2, British Aerospace Harrier GR7<\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>0 aircraft &middot; 0 killed<span class=\"cwho\">No loss recorded.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Palliser\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd13\" data-x=\"the Al-Faw Peninsula, southern Iraq and the northern Gulf Fleet Air Arm Alongside United States, Australia and Poland Westland Sea King HC4 Westland Sea King ASaC7\">\n<td>The Iraq War<span class=\"cwho\">Operation Telic<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Fleet Air Arm<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2003&ndash;2009<\/td>\n<td>Ba&rsquo;athist Iraq<\/td>\n<td>Westland Sea King HC4, Westland Sea King ASaC7<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd13\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd13\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd13\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Commando helicopters landed the Royal Marines on the Al-Faw Peninsula; Sea King airborne early warning helicopters flew from HMS Ark Royal.<\/p>\n<p>HMS Ark Royal went to the Gulf in 2003 as a helicopter carrier and flagship. The Commando Helicopter Force carried 3 Commando Brigade onto the Al-Faw Peninsula in the opening phase, while Sea King ASaC7s watched the battlefield from the air. Early in the war two of 849 Squadron&rsquo;s Sea Kings from Ark Royal collided in poor visibility and seven men were killed, six of them from the squadron and one an American officer on exchange. The CHF went on to serve in the long occupation of southern Iraq.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The Iraqi government fell in April 2003; British combat operations ended in 2009.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The exact date of the collision is not given because it was not confirmed in the sources checked.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Fleet Air Arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>the Al-Faw Peninsula, southern Iraq and the northern Gulf<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United States, Australia and Poland<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Ba&rsquo;athist Iraq<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Westland Sea King HC4, Westland Sea King ASaC7<\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>2 aircraft &middot; 7 killed<span class=\"cwho\">Two Sea King ASaC7s of 849 NAS collided in March 2003: six squadron members and an American exchange officer were killed.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commando_Helicopter_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/849_Naval_Air_Squadron\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Telic\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd14\" data-x=\"Helmand and Kandahar Fleet Air Arm Alongside NATO (ISAF), United States and Afghanistan British Aerospace Harrier GR7\/GR9 Westland Sea King HC4\">\n<td>Afghanistan<span class=\"cwho\">Operation Herrick<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Fleet Air Arm<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2006&ndash;2014<\/td>\n<td>Taliban<\/td>\n<td>British Aerospace Harrier GR7\/GR9, Westland Sea King HC4<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd14\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd14\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd14\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">RAF-owned Harriers flown by 800 NAS and the Naval Strike Wing, and Commando Helicopter Force Sea Kings.<\/p>\n<p>With its own fighters gone, the Navy took its turn in Joint Force Harrier&rsquo;s long deployment to Kandahar: 800 Squadron, re-formed with RAF Harrier GR7s in March 2006, deployed to Afghanistan that September, and the Naval Strike Wing formed from 800 and 801 Squadrons in 2007 followed. The Commando Helicopter Force also played a major part in Operation Herrick with its Sea King HC4s. This was naval aviation fighting a land war from land bases, which kept pilots in practice but did nothing to keep carrier skills alive.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> British combat operations in Helmand ended in 2014.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Deployment dates for individual naval squadrons were not all verified.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Fleet Air Arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Helmand and Kandahar<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>NATO (ISAF), United States and Afghanistan<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Taliban<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>British Aerospace Harrier GR7\/GR9, Westland Sea King HC4<\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Not verified.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/800_Naval_Air_Squadron\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joint_Force_Harrier\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Commando_Helicopter_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd15\" data-x=\"the Libyan coast: Misrata, Sirte and Benghazi Fleet Air Arm Alongside NATO, France and United States Westland Sea King ASaC7 Westland Lynx\">\n<td>Libya<span class=\"cwho\">Operation Ellamy<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Fleet Air Arm<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2011<\/td>\n<td>Libya (Gaddafi government)<\/td>\n<td>Westland Sea King ASaC7, Westland Lynx<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd15\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd15\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd15\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Sea King ASaC7s of 857 NAS flew surveillance from HMS Ocean, which also carried Army Apache attack helicopters.<\/p>\n<p>HMS Ocean joined the Libyan campaign at the end of May 2011 with four Army Air Corps Apaches and two Sea King Mk7 airborne surveillance helicopters of 857 Squadron, which flew along the coast around Misrata, Sirte and Benghazi. With Ark Royal decommissioned and the Harriers gone, it was a helicopter carrier, not a strike carrier, that Britain could send.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The Gaddafi government fell and NATO operations ended in October 2011.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The Apaches belonged to the Army Air Corps and are not counted as Fleet Air Arm.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Fleet Air Arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>the Libyan coast: Misrata, Sirte and Benghazi<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>NATO, France and United States<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Libya (Gaddafi government)<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>Westland Sea King ASaC7, Westland Lynx<\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>0 aircraft &middot; 0 killed<span class=\"cwho\">No loss recorded.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Ellamy\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd16\" data-x=\"Iraq and Syria, from the eastern Mediterranean Fleet Air Arm and Royal Air Force (joint Lightning Force) Alongside United States and Coalition Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning II\">\n<td>Iraq and Syria from HMS Queen Elizabeth<span class=\"cwho\">Operation Shader and Carrier Strike Group 2021<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Fleet Air Arm and Royal Air Force (joint Lightning Force)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>2021<\/td>\n<td>Islamic State<\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning II<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd16\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd16\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd16\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">F-35Bs of the joint Lightning Force (617 Squadron) and the US Marine Corps flew strike missions against Islamic State from HMS Queen Elizabeth.<\/p>\n<p>Carrier Strike Group 2021 sailed in May with eighteen F-35Bs &mdash; RAF 617 Squadron, mixed-manned with naval personnel, and US Marines &mdash; and five air squadrons in all. From June the jets flew strikes against Islamic State in Iraq and Syria from the eastern Mediterranean, the first combat missions from HMS Queen Elizabeth and, according to the ship, the first by US aircraft from a foreign carrier since 1943. The group returned on 9 December 2021 after seven months and 44 countries. In November one F-35B was lost at sea; the pilot was recovered safely.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The first combat missions from a British carrier since 2010.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Wikipedia dates the first strikes to 18 June 2021; the UK Defence Journal reported them on 22 June. The crash is dated 16 or 17 November in different sources. The strike aircraft belonged to 617 Squadron (RAF); 809 NAS had not yet recommissioned.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Fleet Air Arm and Royal Air Force (joint Lightning Force)<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Iraq and Syria, from the eastern Mediterranean<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United States and Coalition<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Islamic State<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning II<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Mission totals not verified.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd>1 aircraft &middot; 0 killed<span class=\"cwho\">One F-35B lost in the Mediterranean in November 2021 in an accident, not in combat; the pilot ejected safely.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/ukdefencejournal.org.uk\/first-combat-missions-flown-from-hms-queen-elizabeth\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">UK Defence Journal<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/ukdefencejournal.org.uk\/british-aircraft-carrier-returns-home\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">UK Defence Journal<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HMS_Queen_Elizabeth_(R08)\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"warfind\">Nothing matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every figure, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.royalnavymuseums.org.uk\/news\/flying-fire-eugene-esmonde-and-attack-bismarck\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Royal Navy Museums: Flying into fire &ndash; Eugene Esmonde and the attack on Bismarck<\/a><span>Esmonde&rsquo;s medals on display at the Fleet Air Arm Museum, Yeovilton.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ukdefencejournal.org.uk\/british-aircraft-carrier-returns-home\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">UK Defence Journal: British aircraft carrier returns home (9 December 2021)<\/a><span>CSG21: seven months, 3,700 personnel, nine ships, a submarine, five air squadrons; one F-35B lost, pilot safe.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ukdefencejournal.org.uk\/first-combat-missions-flown-from-hms-queen-elizabeth\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">UK Defence Journal: First combat missions flown from HMS Queen Elizabeth (22 June 2021)<\/a><span>617 Squadron and US Marine Corps F-35Bs (18 in all) strike Islamic State under Operation Shader.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-09-30. <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/fleet-air-arm\/\">Back to the Fleet Air Arm<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam 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Where a consolidated sortie or loss figure exists [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":26771,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-26773","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fleet Air Arm combat record | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cz\/vzdusne-sily\/letecke-rameno-flotily\/bojovy-zaznam\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fleet Air Arm combat record | MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Order of Battle &middot; Fleet Air Arm Every war the Fleet Air Arm has fought The First World War was fought by the Royal Naval Air Service, the Fleet Air Arm&rsquo;s predecessor, and the 2021 strikes by a Lightning Force shared with the RAF; both are recorded. 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