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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; Turkmenistan<\/div>\n<h1>Turkmen Air Force<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">T&#252;rkmen Howa G&#252;&#253;&#231;leri<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">The Turkmen Air Force was formed in 1992 from roughly 300 aircraft the Soviet Union left behind in the Turkestan Military District, spent two decades as a largely stored and little-seen force behind Turkmenistan&rsquo;s UN-recognised permanent neutrality, and since 2020 has quietly bought Italian, Brazilian and Turkish aircraft and drones while still flying Su-25s refurbished in Georgia for gas and Soviet-built MiG-29s &mdash; all of it described by outside estimates, because Ashgabat publishes almost nothing.<\/p>\n<div class=\"marks\">\n<div class=\"mark\"><svg class=\"rondel\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Turkmen national marking: a green eight-pointed star edged in red, with a white crescent and five stars\"><rect x=\"15.0\" y=\"15.0\" width=\"70.0\" height=\"70.0\" fill=\"#c8102e\"\/><rect x=\"15.0\" y=\"15.0\" width=\"70.0\" height=\"70.0\" fill=\"#c8102e\" transform=\"rotate(45 50 50)\"\/><rect x=\"18.0\" y=\"18.0\" width=\"64.0\" height=\"64.0\" fill=\"#28ae66\"\/><rect x=\"18.0\" y=\"18.0\" width=\"64.0\" height=\"64.0\" fill=\"#28ae66\" transform=\"rotate(45 50 50)\"\/><circle cx=\"57\" cy=\"50\" r=\"17\" fill=\"#ffffff\"\/><circle cx=\"62\" cy=\"47\" r=\"15\" fill=\"#28ae66\"\/><polygon points=\"38.00,32.60 38.82,34.87 41.23,34.95 39.33,36.43 40.00,38.75 38.00,37.40 36.00,38.75 36.67,36.43 34.77,34.95 37.18,34.87\" fill=\"#ffffff\"\/><polygon points=\"45.00,38.60 45.82,40.87 48.23,40.95 46.33,42.43 47.00,44.75 45.00,43.40 43.00,44.75 43.67,42.43 41.77,40.95 44.18,40.87\" fill=\"#ffffff\"\/><polygon points=\"36.00,43.60 36.82,45.87 39.23,45.95 37.33,47.43 38.00,49.75 36.00,48.40 34.00,49.75 34.67,47.43 32.77,45.95 35.18,45.87\" fill=\"#ffffff\"\/><polygon points=\"44.00,48.60 44.82,50.87 47.23,50.95 45.33,52.43 46.00,54.75 44.00,53.40 42.00,54.75 42.67,52.43 40.77,50.95 43.18,50.87\" fill=\"#ffffff\"\/><polygon points=\"37.00,54.60 37.82,56.87 40.23,56.95 38.33,58.43 39.00,60.75 37.00,59.40 35.00,60.75 35.67,58.43 33.77,56.95 36.18,56.87\" fill=\"#ffffff\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"mk\">National marking<b>A green eight-pointed star edged in red, with a white crescent and five stars<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>24<\/b><span>Combat aircraft<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>2<\/b><span>Active air bases<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1992<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>11<\/b><span>Types retired<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Turkmenistan<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1992<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Ashgabat<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Commander<\/b>Ali Muhammetow<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>The Turkmen Air Force story: a Soviet inheritance, Su-25s paid for in gas and a neutral state that publishes almost nothing<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1992: an air force inherited from the Turkestan Military District<\/h3>\n<p>The Turkmen Air Force did not grow; it was left behind. When the Soviet Union dissolved, the aviation of the Turkestan Military District on Turkmen soil passed to the new state, and the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan were established on 27 January 1992. Wikipedia, drawing on Russian sources, puts the inheritance at about 300 aircraft from units that included the 67th Mixed Aviation Regiment, the 179th Fighter Aviation Regiment, the 217th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment and the 366th Independent Helicopter Squadron, with MiG-23s and MiG-25s at Ak-Tepe outside Ashgabat, MiG-23Ms at Balkanabat and a storage base at Kyzyl-Arvat. Mary had been a frontline Soviet airfield: Tu-22M3 bombers of the 185th Guards Heavy Bomber Regiment flew against Afghanistan from Mary-2 in 1987&ndash;1989, and from 1989 the 1521st Aviation Base at Mary-1 flew MiG-29s as an aggressor unit for Soviet fighter pilots. Some of those MiG-29s were flown to Russia in August 1992; the rest stayed.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Neutrality and the long storage years<\/h3>\n<p>What Turkmenistan did with this fleet was, for the most part, very little. A 1992 treaty put Turkmen forces briefly under joint command with Russia, but Ashgabat declined to sign the Tashkent collective security treaty that May, wrote neutrality into its first military doctrine in 1994, and on 12 December 1995 had its permanent neutrality recognised by the UN General Assembly. An air force with no alliance and no declared enemy had little reason to spend money. Su-17 fighter-bombers were inherited but, according to Yefim Gordon as cited by Wikipedia, never put into service; the Russian Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies counted up to 250 aircraft and helicopters in 2002, and the IISS in 2012 credited 94 combat-capable aircraft while calling the armed forces poorly maintained and funded. How many of the stored Soviet airframes could ever fly again has never been published.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Frogfoots for gas: the Georgian refurbishment deal<\/h3>\n<p>The one large programme of those years came through gas. According to Gordon and Dawes, 46 Su-25 attack aircraft had been stored disassembled in Turkmenistan in 1991, and under a 1999 agreement Tbilisi Aircraft Manufacturing in Georgia refurbished 45 of them as payment for Turkmen natural gas; other Wikipedia articles give 41. By 2004, 18 operational Su-25s were known at Ak-Tepe. That same year, Russian-language reports cited by Wikipedia described a visit to Mary-2 by the US military attach&#233;&rsquo;s office and building work by Emirati contractors, fuelling speculation about foreign use of the base that never produced a confirmed foreign presence. On 26 June 2008 President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov flew over Ashgabat for about 30 minutes in a MiG-29 from Akdepe airfield, Izvestia reported, and thanked the pilots on landing.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2010&ndash;2021: buying from Italy, Brazil, Turkey and China<\/h3>\n<p>From 2010 the purchases changed character. Surveillance drones for the border service were demonstrated at Akdepe on 29 May 2010; AW139 helicopters appeared in the 2016 parade; Chinese CH-3A and WJ-600 drones and Italian Falco drones entered the inventory, according to the IISS and Wikipedia. Then came a cluster of Western aircraft: five Embraer A-29 Super Tucanos delivered in 2020&ndash;2021, two Leonardo C-27J Spartans (the first on 6 June 2021) and six Leonardo M-346s, four M-346FA light combat aircraft and two trainers. On 27 September 2021, at the parade for the 30th anniversary of independence, Turkmenistan showed its first Bayraktar TB2, which Defense News linked to a 37 million dollar Turkish aerospace export of July 2021. None of these deals was announced by Ashgabat, and almost everything known about them comes from parade imagery.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2026: what the parades show, and what nobody publishes<\/h3>\n<p>The parade of 27 September 2026, for the 35th anniversary of independence, repeated the pattern. News Central Asia reported Mi-17V-5 and Mi-24P helicopters, a C-27J, A-29 Super Tucanos and M-346s in the air, with Su-25s closing the air parade and TB2s carried on vehicles; MiG-29s were not mentioned. Outside counts, taken from FlightGlobal via Wikipedia, give 22 MiG-29s and two trainers, 18 Su-25s and seven two-seaters, six TB2s and about 3,000 personnel. Reports of a Bayraktar Akinci purchase and of new overhauls of the Su-25 and MiG-29 fleets could not be confirmed from any source reachable for this page. The commander named by Wikipedia, Colonel Ali Muhammetow, is uncited. For a neutral state that neither fights nor explains itself, that is the honest summary: a small, modernising force whose real size is known only to Ashgabat.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">What Turkmenistan did with this fleet was, for the most part, very little.<cite>Turkmen Air Force &middot; verified 2026-09-30<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>The Turkmen Air Force in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Service<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Native name<\/dt>\n<dd>T&#252;rkmen Howa G&#252;&#253;&#231;leri<span class=\"gnote\">Turkmen form given by the English Wikipedia article; no official Turkmen defence page giving the name could be reached. Turkmen is the only official language<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Founded<\/dt>\n<dd>1992<span class=\"gnote\">The Armed Forces of Turkmenistan were established on 27 January 1992; a separate founding date for the air force was not found<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Part of<\/dt>\n<dd>Armed Forces of Turkmenistan<span class=\"gnote\">Alongside the Ground Forces, Navy and other formations; the service is also described as the Air Force and Air Defence Forces<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Headquarters<\/dt>\n<dd>Ashgabat<span class=\"gnote\">Per Wikipedia; Akdepe (Ak-Tepe) airfield outside the capital is the main airfield<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Commander<\/dt>\n<dd>Col. Ali Muhammetow (unverified)<span class=\"gnote\">Named in the Wikipedia infobox without a citation; date of appointment unknown<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Supreme Commander-in-Chief<\/dt>\n<dd>President Serdar Berdimuhamedov<span class=\"gnote\">Sworn in on 19 March 2022<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Strength<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Personnel<\/dt>\n<dd>About 3,000<span class=\"gnote\">IISS figure for 2012, repeated by Wikipedia; no newer official figure<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Combat aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>MiG-29 &mdash; 22 plus 2 MiG-29UB<\/li>\n<li>Su-25 &mdash; 18 plus 7 Su-25UB<\/li>\n<li>M-346FA &mdash; 4 plus 2 trainers<\/li>\n<li>A-29 Super Tucano &mdash; 5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Figures from the inventory table in the English Wikipedia article, which cites FlightGlobal&rsquo;s World Air Forces 2026 (the Turkmenistan entry of the directory itself could not be read); Turkmenistan publishes none<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Transport<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>C-27J Spartan &mdash; 2<\/li>\n<li>An-74 &mdash; 2<\/li>\n<li>An-26 &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Same attributed source<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Helicopters<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Mi-17 &mdash; 15<\/li>\n<li>Mi-24 &mdash; 10<\/li>\n<li>AW109 &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<li>AW139 &mdash; 8 on order<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Attributed to FlightGlobal via Wikipedia. The EC145, AS365 and AW139 seen at parades belong to the interior ministry, security ministry and border service, per News Central Asia<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Drones<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Bayraktar TB2 &mdash; 6<\/li>\n<li>Falco &mdash; 3<\/li>\n<li>CH-3A and WJ-600 &mdash; numbers unknown<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">TB2 first shown on 27 September 2021; CH-3A listed by IISS 2024 (cited by Wikipedia). Drones featured in the national exercise of 29 May 2024<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Soviet inheritance<\/dt>\n<dd>About 300 aircraft (1992)<span class=\"gnote\">Wikipedia&rsquo;s estimate; CAST counted up to 250 aircraft and helicopters in 2002, and the IISS 94 combat-capable aircraft in 2012. How many stored airframes survive is unknown<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Infrastructure<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Main air bases<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Akdepe (Ak-Tepe), Ashgabat &mdash; main airfield<\/li>\n<li>Mary-2 &mdash; MiG-29 and Su-25<\/li>\n<li>Turkmenabat (Chardzhou)<\/li>\n<li>Balkanabat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Base list and units per Wikipedia; operational status of each not officially confirmed<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Storage<\/dt>\n<dd>Kyzyl-Arvat (Serdar)<span class=\"gnote\">Wikipedia lists the 56th Storage Base there with MiG-23s<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>Permanently neutral since 12 December 1995<span class=\"gnote\">Recognised by the UN General Assembly; Turkmenistan belongs to no military alliance. A national concept on international law and neutrality was approved on 23 September 2026<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Public data<\/dt>\n<dd>Almost none<span class=\"gnote\">No official order of battle, budget line or fleet figure is published; all counts on this page are outside estimates<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"structure\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Structure<\/div>\n<h2>How the Turkmen Air Force is organised<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">One of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan, formed in 1992 from about 300 Soviet aircraft by Wikipedia&rsquo;s estimate, with its main airfield at Akdepe outside Ashgabat and its MiG-29s and Su-25s at Mary-2. <span class=\"imp\">Turkmenistan publishes no order of battle: the units here come from the list reproduced by Wikipedia, and the fleet counts from FlightGlobal via Wikipedia.<\/span> The M-346s, A-29 Super Tucanos, C-27Js and Bayraktar TB2s acquired since 2020 have been seen at parades; their bases are not named in the sources checked.<\/p>\n<div class=\"org\">\n<div class=\"cmdcard\"><span class=\"cface mono\">AM<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"cmdtx\"><span class=\"crank\">Colonel<\/span><b>Ali Muhammetow<\/b><span class=\"cmeta\">Commander of the Turkmen Air Force<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmdorg\"><span>Turkmen Air Force<\/span><em>T&#252;rkmen Howa G&#252;&#253;&#231;leri<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgrow\">\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Headquarters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Turkmen Air Force<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">T&#252;rkmen Howa G&#252;&#253;&#231;leri<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Ashgabat<\/div>\n<p>In Ashgabat per Wikipedia, one of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan, whose Supreme Commander-in-Chief is President Serdar Berdimuhamedov. Wikipedia&rsquo;s infobox names Col. Ali Muhammetow as commander without a citation; no official page naming the air force commander could be reached.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Front line<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>99th Aviation Base<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Mary-2<\/div>\n<p>The former 67th Mixed Aviation Regiment, with the MiG-29s and Su-25s, per Wikipedia. Its MiG-29s came from the Soviet aggressor unit at Mary-1 when that unit was disbanded in 1993. Turkmenistan confirms none of this.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Transport and helicopters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>47th Separate Mixed Aviation Squadron<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Akdepe<\/div>\n<p>An-26 and An-24 transports and Mi-24 and Mi-8 helicopters in the order of battle reproduced by Wikipedia; its formation date and current status are not published. About 18 Su-25s refurbished in Georgia were at Ak-Tepe by 2004, their unit unnamed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Air defence<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>1st Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment &quot;Turkmenbashi&quot;<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Akdepe<\/div>\n<p>Listed by English Wikipedia at Akdepe, without a citation that could be checked.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Storage<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>56th Storage Base<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Kyzyl-Arvat (Serdar)<\/div>\n<p>MiG-23s, per Wikipedia: part of a Soviet inheritance it puts at about 300 aircraft in 1992. How many stored airframes survive, and in what state, has not been published.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">In service<\/div>\n<h2>What the Turkmen Air Force flies today<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type on charge, linked to its Book of Beasts page where one exists. <span class=\"imp\">Counts are aircraft on the books, not aircraft available on a given day.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-yr\">\n<col class=\"c-units\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">In service<\/th>\n<th>Since<\/th>\n<th>Units<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph1\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\">Mikoyan MiG-29 and MiG-29UB<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>1992<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>22 single-seaters and two MiG-29UB according to the inventory table in the English Wikipedia article, which cites FlightGlobal&rsquo;s World Air Forces 2026 (the Turkmenistan entry of the directory itself could not be read). <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Wikipedia&rsquo;s operator list gives 24 in 2022 and 24 inherited (10 MiG-29A, 12 MiG-29 9.13, two UB); The Aviation Geek Club, citing Gordon and Komissarov, says several were flown from Mary-1 to Russia in August 1992, so the inherited total is uncertain.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph2\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\">Sukhoi Su-25 and Su-25UB<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Ground attack<\/td>\n<td>25<\/td>\n<td>1992<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>18 single-seaters and seven Su-25UB according to the inventory table in the English Wikipedia article, which cites FlightGlobal&rsquo;s World Air Forces 2026 (the Turkmenistan entry of the directory itself could not be read); FlightGlobal 2021 (cited in Wikipedia&rsquo;s Su-25 operator list) gave 20 operational. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>45 refurbished in Georgia according to Gordon and Dawes; 41 in another Wikipedia article.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/m-346-master\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph3\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/m-346-master\/\">Leonardo M-346FA and M-346 trainer<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light combat and advanced trainer<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>2021<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Four M-346FA and two trainer\/reconnaissance aircraft ordered and in service, according to Wikipedia&rsquo;s M-346 article and the inventory table in the English Wikipedia article, which cites FlightGlobal&rsquo;s World Air Forces 2026 (the Turkmenistan entry of the directory itself could not be read).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/a-29-super-tucano\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/a-29-super-tucano\/\">Embraer A-29 Super Tucano<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf9\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Brazil\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light attack<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>2020<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Five delivered in 2020&ndash;2021; order size not disclosed (Wikipedia).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bayraktar-tb2\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph4\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bayraktar-tb2\/\">Baykar Bayraktar TB2<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Armed drone<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>2021<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Six according to the inventory table in the English Wikipedia article, which cites FlightGlobal&rsquo;s World Air Forces 2026 (the Turkmenistan entry of the directory itself could not be read); Turkmenistan has not published a number.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>CASC Rainbow CH-3A<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Armed drone<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Number unknown.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>CASIC WJ-600A\/D<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Drone<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Number unknown.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Selex ES Falco<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Reconnaissance drone<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Per the inventory table in the English Wikipedia article, which cites FlightGlobal&rsquo;s World Air Forces 2026 (the Turkmenistan entry of the directory itself could not be read).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph5\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Leonardo C-27J Spartan<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tactical transport<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>2021<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Two ordered (Wikipedia).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph6\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Antonov An-74<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>STOL transport<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Per the inventory table in the English Wikipedia article, which cites FlightGlobal&rsquo;s World Air Forces 2026 (the Turkmenistan entry of the directory itself could not be read).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Antonov An-26<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1992<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Per the inventory table in the English Wikipedia article, which cites FlightGlobal&rsquo;s World Air Forces 2026 (the Turkmenistan entry of the directory itself could not be read); Wikipedia&rsquo;s armed forces article also gives one.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mil Mi-17 (Mi-17V-5)<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Per the inventory table in the English Wikipedia article, which cites FlightGlobal&rsquo;s World Air Forces 2026 (the Turkmenistan entry of the directory itself could not be read).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph7\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mil Mi-24 (Mi-24P)<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Attack helicopter<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>1992<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Per the inventory table in the English Wikipedia article, which cites FlightGlobal&rsquo;s World Air Forces 2026 (the Turkmenistan entry of the directory itself could not be read); Wikipedia&rsquo;s armed forces article also gives 10.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>AgustaWestland AW109<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Utility helicopter<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Per the inventory table in the English Wikipedia article, which cites FlightGlobal&rsquo;s World Air Forces 2026 (the Turkmenistan entry of the directory itself could not be read).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fleetchart\">\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Su-25<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:100%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">25<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">MiG-29<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:96%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">24<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Mi-17<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:60%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">15<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Mi-24<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:40%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">10<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">M-346<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:24%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">TB2<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:24%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">A-29<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:20%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">5<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Falco<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:12%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">3<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>On order<\/h3>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet ord\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-fd\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Ordered<\/th>\n<th>First delivery<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>AgustaWestland AW139<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Eight on order according to the inventory table in the English Wikipedia article, which cites FlightGlobal&rsquo;s World Air Forces 2026 (the Turkmenistan entry of the directory itself could not be read). <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>AW139s have flown in Turkmen parades since 2016, and in 2026 News Central Asia attributed the parade example to the State Border Service; whether the air force order is separate is not clear.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"former\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Formerly operated<\/div>\n<h2>Every type the Turkmen Air Force has retired<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">11 types, from the Mil Mi-8 to the Mil Mi-8. <span class=\"imp\">Peak figures are airframes taken on charge over the whole service life, not fleet strength on any one date.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet former\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-srv\">\n<col class=\"c-rep\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Peak<\/th>\n<th>Served<\/th>\n<th>Replaced by<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph8\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\" class=\"was\">Mil Mi-8<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>1992&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Wikipedia&rsquo;s armed forces article gives eight at an unstated date.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph9\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\" class=\"was\">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 and MiG-23M<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>38<\/td>\n<td>1992&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>38 with the 107th regiment at Ak-Tepe, plus MiG-23Ms of the 55th regiment at Balkanabat and more at the Kyzyl-Arvat storage base (Wikipedia). Total not known.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-25-foxbat\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-25-foxbat\/\" class=\"was\">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Interceptor<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>1992&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>20 with the 107th regiment at Ak-Tepe (Wikipedia&rsquo;s air force article, which calls them not operational); 24 in 1995 in Wikipedia&rsquo;s MiG-25 operator list.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-22-fitter\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph10\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-22-fitter\/\" class=\"was\">Sukhoi Su-17<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Fighter-bomber<\/td>\n<td>65<\/td>\n<td>1992&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>65 inherited (Wikipedia).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-24-fencer\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph11\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-24-fencer\/\" class=\"was\">Sukhoi Su-24<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Strike aircraft<\/td>\n<td>23<\/td>\n<td>1992&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>23 in Wikipedia&rsquo;s historical inventory, date not given.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-7-fitter\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph12\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-7-fitter\/\" class=\"was\">Sukhoi Su-7<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Fighter-bomber<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>1992&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Three (Wikipedia, undated).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph13\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\" class=\"was\">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Fighter and trainer<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>1992&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Number unknown.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/l-39-albatros\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph14\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/l-39-albatros\/\" class=\"was\">Aero L-39 Albatros<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Jet trainer<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>1992&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Number unknown. Wikipedia&rsquo;s L-39 article still lists Turkmenistan as an operator (citing Jane&rsquo;s), but the 2026 inventory table does not; status uncertain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-28\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph15\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-28\/\" class=\"was\">Yakovlev Yak-28<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Trainer and support<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>1992&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Number unknown.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Antonov An-12 and An-24<\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>1992&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Numbers unknown.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph16\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Utility helicopter<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Number unknown.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"bases\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Air bases<\/div>\n<h2>Where the Turkmen Air Force flies from<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Black pins are active bases, hollow pins the airfields that have closed. <span class=\"imp\">Akdepe outside Ashgabat is the main airfield and Mary-2 the fighter base, per Wikipedia; the Soviet aggressor base at Mary-1 closed in 1993.<\/span> Turkmenabat and Balkanabat appear in Wikipedia&rsquo;s order of battle with aircraft marked not operational, Kyzyl-Arvat is a storage base, and Turkmenbashi, once a Soviet interceptor base, is a civil international airport. Entries with no published aerodrome data carry no pin.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><span>Click a pin to open the base page<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"basefind\" data-filter=\"#basetbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air bases\" placeholder=\"Search bases, region, units, aircrafts\" aria-label=\"Search bases, region, units, aircrafts\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"basefind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"basefind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"basetbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Runway<\/th>\n<th>Units and aircraft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr id=\"base-akdepe\" data-base=\"akdepe\" data-x=\"active active Turkmen Air Force (unit designations after Wikipedia; Turkmenistan publishes no order of battle) \">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/akdepe\/\">Akdepe<small>Ak-Tepe<\/small><\/a><span>Ahal Region, on the north-western edge of Ashgabat<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>47th Separate Mixed Aviation Squadron<\/span>: <span>An-26 and An-24, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mi-24<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mi-8<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Su-25 attack aircraft (unit not published)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\">Su-25 and Su-25UB (refurbished in Georgia)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>1st Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment &quot;Turkmenbashi&quot;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>107th Fighter Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\">MiG-23<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-25-foxbat\/\">MiG-25<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-mary-2\" data-base=\"mary-2\" data-x=\"active active 99th Aviation Base (former 67th Mixed Aviation Regiment), Turkmen Air Force, per Wikipedia \">\n<td>Mary-2<span>Mary Region, north of the city of Mary<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>99th Aviation Base (former 67th Mixed Aviation Regiment)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\">MiG-29 and MiG-29UB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\">Su-25<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>185th Guards Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment, two squadrons (Soviet Air Forces)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22m-backfire\/\">Tu-22M3<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-kyzyl-arvat\" data-base=\"kyzyl-arvat\" data-x=\"active reserve 56th Storage Base, per Wikipedia \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Kyzyl-Arvat (Serdar) storage base<span>Balkan Region<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Reserve<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>56th Storage Base<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\">MiG-23<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-balkanabat\" data-base=\"balkanabat\" data-x=\"active former 55th Fighter Aviation Regiment, per Wikipedia \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Balkanabat<small>Nebit-Dag<\/small><span>Balkan Region<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>55th Fighter Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\">MiG-23M<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-turkmenabat\" data-base=\"turkmenabat\" data-x=\"active former 31st Separate Aviation Squadron, per Wikipedia \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Turkmenabat<small>Chardzhou<\/small><span>Lebap Region<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>31st Separate Aviation Squadron<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\">MiG-21<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-7-fitter\/\">Su-7<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/l-39-albatros\/\">L-39<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-28\/\">Yak-28<\/a>, An-12<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-turkmenbashi\" data-base=\"turkmenbashi\" data-x=\"active civil Civil airport administration; the air force&rsquo;s present use is not published KRW\" class=\"was\">\n<td>Turkmenbashi<small>former Krasnovodsk<\/small><span>Balkan Region, on the Caspian Sea<\/span><\/td>\n<td>UTAK<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>16R\/34L<\/span>3,500 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Soviet air defence interceptor regiment (designation not confirmed)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-9-su-11-fishpot\/\">Su-9<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\">MiG-23M<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-mary-1\" data-base=\"mary-1\" data-x=\"active closed 1521st Aviation Base, Soviet Air Forces \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Mary-1<small>former Soviet aggressor base<\/small><span>Mary Region<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1993<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>1521st Aviation Base (Soviet Air Forces)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\">MiG-29 (9.13) and early MiG-29<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\">MiG-23MLD<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\">MiG-21bis<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"basefind\">No air base matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"oob\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Order of battle<\/div>\n<h2>Who is stationed where in the Turkmen Air Force<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Flying units by base, current units first. <span class=\"imp\">Most units here are known only from the order of battle reproduced by Wikipedia, several with aircraft marked not operational; the Soviet units at Mary-1 and Mary-2, among them the Tu-22M3s that bombed Afghanistan in 1987&ndash;1989, are marked as not Turkmen.<\/span> Where a unit&rsquo;s present status is not published, the entry says so.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"unitfind\" data-filter=\"#oobwrap\" data-item=\".oob\" data-noun=\"installations\" placeholder=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" aria-label=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"unitfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"unitfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"oobwrap\" id=\"oobwrap\">\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Ahal Region, on the north-western edge of Ashgabat active Turkmen Air Force (unit designations after Wikipedia; Turkmenistan publishes no order of battle)\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/akdepe\/\">Akdepe (Ak-Tepe) Air Base<\/a> &middot; <\/span><em>Turkmen Air Force<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>47th Separate Mixed Aviation Squadron<small>Mixed transport and helicopter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>An-26 and An-24, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mi-24<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mi-8<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Su-25 attack aircraft (unit not published)<small>Attack aircraft &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\">Su-25 and Su-25UB (refurbished in Georgia)<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>1st Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment &quot;Turkmenbashi&quot;<small>Ground-based air defence &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">107th Fighter Aviation Regiment<small>&mdash;<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">MiG-23, MiG-25<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Mary Region, north of the city of Mary active 99th Aviation Base (former 67th Mixed Aviation Regiment), Turkmen Air Force, per Wikipedia\">\n<div><span>Mary-2 &middot; <\/span><em>99th Aviation Base<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>99th Aviation Base (former 67th Mixed Aviation Regiment)<small>Fighter and attack aircraft base &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\">MiG-29 and MiG-29UB<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\">Su-25<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">185th Guards Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment, two squadrons (Soviet Air Forces)<small>1987&ndash;1989<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Tu-22M3<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Balkan Region active 56th Storage Base, per Wikipedia\">\n<div><span>Kyzyl-Arvat (Serdar) storage base &middot; <\/span><em>56th Storage Base, per Wikipedia<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>56th Storage Base<small>Aircraft storage &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\">MiG-23<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"unitfind\">No unit matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Turkmen Air Force milestones, 1914 to today<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1987<\/div>\n<p>December: two squadrons of Tu-22M3 bombers of the 185th Guards Heavy Bomber Regiment deploy from Poltava to Mary-2 to strike targets in Afghanistan.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1989<\/div>\n<p>January: last Tu-22M3 operation over Afghanistan, at the Salang pass. The 1521st Aviation Base at Mary-1 receives its first MiG-29s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1991<\/div>\n<p>27 October: Turkmenistan declares independence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1992<\/div>\n<p>27 January: the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan are established, inheriting about 300 aircraft (Wikipedia&rsquo;s estimate). August: several MiG-29s are flown from Mary-1 to Russia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1993<\/div>\n<p>The 1521st Aviation Base is disbanded; its MiG-29s go to the 67th composite regiment at Mary-2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1994<\/div>\n<p>The first military doctrine sets out Turkmenistan&rsquo;s neutral stance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1995<\/div>\n<p>12 December: the UN General Assembly recognises Turkmenistan&rsquo;s permanent neutrality.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1999<\/div>\n<p>Agreement with Georgia: Tbilisi Aircraft Manufacturing is to refurbish stored Su-25s in payment for Turkmen gas.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2004<\/div>\n<p>18 refurbished Su-25s are reported at Ak-Tepe. September: a US military attach&#233; representative visits Mary-2 (Russian-language reports cited by Wikipedia).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2008<\/div>\n<p>26 June: President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov flies over Ashgabat in a MiG-29 from Akdepe, for about 30 minutes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2010<\/div>\n<p>29 May: surveillance drones for the border forces are demonstrated at Akdepe.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2015<\/div>\n<p>June: plans announced to open military Akdepe to domestic flights for the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2020<\/div>\n<p>First A-29 Super Tucanos delivered; five by 2021.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2021<\/div>\n<p>6 June: first C-27J delivered. 27 September: the 30th-anniversary parade shows the Bayraktar TB2, A-29, C-27J and M-346 for the first time.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2024<\/div>\n<p>29 May: national exercise in Balkan province with land, air and sea forces and drones.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>27 September: 35th-anniversary parade with Su-25, M-346, A-29, C-27J, Mi-24P and Mi-17V-5 in the air and TB2 drones on vehicles.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Combat record<\/div>\n<h2>Every war the Turkmen Air Force has fought<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Sorties and losses where the record gives them, and an honest blank where it does not.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip dark\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1<\/b><span>conflicts<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1979<\/b><span>First<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Aircraft lost<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Killed<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"gl cml\">\n<li><b>Soviet&ndash;Afghan War<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1979&ndash;1989<\/span> Airfields later inherited by Turkmenistan were used for Soviet strikes and support in Afghanistan, notably Tu-22M3 bomber operations from Mary-2 in 1987&ndash;1989<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cbig\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/turkmen-air-force\/combat-record\/\">Open the full combat record<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about the Turkmen Air Force<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What is the Turkmen Air Force called in Turkmen?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The English Wikipedia article gives T&#252;rkmen Howa G&#252;&#253;&#231;leri. Turkmen is the country&rsquo;s only official language. No official Turkmen defence page spelling the name could be reached for this page, so the form is Wikipedia&rsquo;s.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which fighter jets does the Turkmen Air Force fly?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Its only fighter is the Soviet-built <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\">MiG-29<\/a>, inherited in 1992; FlightGlobal&rsquo;s 2026 figures, as reproduced by Wikipedia, give 22 plus two MiG-29UB trainers. It also flies the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\">Su-25<\/a> attack aircraft, four Italian <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/m-346-master\/\">M-346FA<\/a> light combat jets and five <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/a-29-super-tucano\/\">A-29 Super Tucanos<\/a>. Turkmenistan publishes no figures of its own.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many aircraft did Turkmenistan inherit from the Soviet Union?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Estimates only. Wikipedia puts the 1992 inheritance at about 300 aircraft; the Russian Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies counted up to 250 aircraft and helicopters in 2002; the IISS credited 94 combat-capable aircraft in 2012. They included 65 Su-17s that were never put into service, MiG-23s, 20&ndash;24 MiG-25s, 23 Su-24s and 46 disassembled Su-25s. How many of the stored airframes still exist is not known.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How did Turkmenistan get its Su-25s working again?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Through gas. According to Gordon and Dawes, as cited by Wikipedia, a 1999 agreement had Tbilisi Aircraft Manufacturing in Georgia refurbish 45 of the 46 stored Su-25s as payment for Turkmen natural gas (another Wikipedia article gives 41). By 2004, 18 were operational at Ak-Tepe, and Su-25s closed the air parade on 27 September 2026.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does Turkmenistan have Bayraktar drones?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. A <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bayraktar-tb2\/\">Bayraktar TB2<\/a> was first shown at the independence parade of 27 September 2021, armed with MAM-L and MAM-C munitions (Defense News); FlightGlobal&rsquo;s figures, via Wikipedia, give six. Reports that Turkmenistan also bought the larger Bayraktar Akinci could not be confirmed from any source reached for this page, and Baykar does not name its Akinci customers.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why is the Turkmen Air Force so small and secretive?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Turkmenistan declared permanent neutrality, recognised by the UN General Assembly on 12 December 1995, declined the 1992 Tashkent collective security treaty and belongs to no alliance. It publishes no order of battle, budget or fleet numbers, and new aircraft are usually first seen at parades. Every figure on this page is therefore an outside estimate, attributed to its source.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Has the Turkmen Air Force ever fought a war?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No. Soviet bombers flew against Afghanistan from Mary-2 in 1987&ndash;1989, before independence, but since 1992 the Turkmen Air Force has taken part in no war or foreign operation.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did the president of Turkmenistan fly a MiG-29?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes, as a passenger. Izvestia reported that on 26 June 2008 President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov flew over Ashgabat for about 30 minutes in a MiG-29 from Akdepe military airfield, and thanked the pilots for their skill on landing.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Where are the Turkmen Air Force&rsquo;s bases?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Wikipedia lists Akdepe (Ak-Tepe) outside Ashgabat as the main airfield, Mary-2 with the MiG-29s and Su-25s, Turkmenabat (Chardzhou), Balkanabat, and a storage base at Kyzyl-Arvat. Mary-1 was home to a Soviet MiG-29 aggressor unit until 1993. The current use of each is not officially published.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What new aircraft has Turkmenistan bought recently?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Since 2020 it has received five Embraer A-29 Super Tucanos, two Leonardo C-27J Spartans (the first on 6 June 2021), six Leonardo M-346s and Bayraktar TB2 drones, alongside Chinese CH-3A and WJ-600 and Italian Falco drones. FlightGlobal, via Wikipedia, lists eight AW139 helicopters on order. None of these deals was formally announced by Ashgabat.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the Turkmen Air Force called in Turkmen?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The English Wikipedia article gives T\\u00fcrkmen Howa G\\u00fc\\u00fd\\u00e7leri. Turkmen is the country\\u2019s only official language. No official Turkmen defence page spelling the name could be reached for this page, so the form is Wikipedia\\u2019s.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which fighter jets does the Turkmen Air Force fly?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Its only fighter is the Soviet-built MiG-29, inherited in 1992; FlightGlobal\\u2019s 2026 figures, as reproduced by Wikipedia, give 22 plus two MiG-29UB trainers. It also flies the Su-25 attack aircraft, four Italian M-346FA light combat jets and five A-29 Super Tucanos. Turkmenistan publishes no figures of its own.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many aircraft did Turkmenistan inherit from the Soviet Union?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Estimates only. Wikipedia puts the 1992 inheritance at about 300 aircraft; the Russian Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies counted up to 250 aircraft and helicopters in 2002; the IISS credited 94 combat-capable aircraft in 2012. They included 65 Su-17s that were never put into service, MiG-23s, 20\\u201324 MiG-25s, 23 Su-24s and 46 disassembled Su-25s. How many of the stored airframes still exist is not known.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How did Turkmenistan get its Su-25s working again?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Through gas. According to Gordon and Dawes, as cited by Wikipedia, a 1999 agreement had Tbilisi Aircraft Manufacturing in Georgia refurbish 45 of the 46 stored Su-25s as payment for Turkmen natural gas (another Wikipedia article gives 41). By 2004, 18 were operational at Ak-Tepe, and Su-25s closed the air parade on 27 September 2026.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does Turkmenistan have Bayraktar drones?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. A Bayraktar TB2 was first shown at the independence parade of 27 September 2021, armed with MAM-L and MAM-C munitions (Defense News); FlightGlobal\\u2019s figures, via Wikipedia, give six. Reports that Turkmenistan also bought the larger Bayraktar Akinci could not be confirmed from any source reached for this page, and Baykar does not name its Akinci customers.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why is the Turkmen Air Force so small and secretive?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Turkmenistan declared permanent neutrality, recognised by the UN General Assembly on 12 December 1995, declined the 1992 Tashkent collective security treaty and belongs to no alliance. It publishes no order of battle, budget or fleet numbers, and new aircraft are usually first seen at parades. Every figure on this page is therefore an outside estimate, attributed to its source.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Has the Turkmen Air Force ever fought a war?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. Soviet bombers flew against Afghanistan from Mary-2 in 1987\\u20131989, before independence, but since 1992 the Turkmen Air Force has taken part in no war or foreign operation.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did the president of Turkmenistan fly a MiG-29?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, as a passenger. Izvestia reported that on 26 June 2008 President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov flew over Ashgabat for about 30 minutes in a MiG-29 from Akdepe military airfield, and thanked the pilots for their skill on landing.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where are the Turkmen Air Force\\u2019s bases?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Wikipedia lists Akdepe (Ak-Tepe) outside Ashgabat as the main airfield, Mary-2 with the MiG-29s and Su-25s, Turkmenabat (Chardzhou), Balkanabat, and a storage base at Kyzyl-Arvat. Mary-1 was home to a Soviet MiG-29 aggressor unit until 1993. The current use of each is not officially published.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What new aircraft has Turkmenistan bought recently?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Since 2020 it has received five Embraer A-29 Super Tucanos, two Leonardo C-27J Spartans (the first on 6 June 2021), six Leonardo M-346s and Bayraktar TB2 drones, alongside Chinese CH-3A and WJ-600 and Italian Falco drones. FlightGlobal, via Wikipedia, lists eight AW139 helicopters on order. None of these deals was formally announced by Ashgabat.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"gallery\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Read the aircraft the Turkmen Air Force flew<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type with a page in the Book of Beasts, in service first, then by the year it left the fleet.<\/p>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\"><span class=\"im ph1\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mikoyan MiG-29 and MiG-29UB<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sukhoi Su-25 and Su-25UB<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/m-346-master\/\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Leonardo M-346FA and M-346 trainer<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/a-29-super-tucano\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Embraer A-29 Super Tucano<span class=\"nflag nf9\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Brazil\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bayraktar-tb2\/\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Baykar Bayraktar TB2<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mil Mi-17 (Mi-17V-5)<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\"><span class=\"im ph7\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mil Mi-24 (Mi-24P)<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\"><span class=\"im ph8\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mil Mi-8<\/b><em>1992&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\"><span class=\"im ph9\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 and MiG-23M<\/b><em>1992&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-25-foxbat\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25<\/b><em>1992&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-22-fitter\/\"><span class=\"im ph10\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sukhoi Su-17<\/b><em>1992&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-24-fencer\/\"><span class=\"im ph11\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sukhoi Su-24<\/b><em>1992&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-7-fitter\/\"><span class=\"im ph12\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sukhoi Su-7<\/b><em>1992&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\"><span class=\"im ph13\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21<\/b><em>1992&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/l-39-albatros\/\"><span class=\"im ph14\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Aero L-39 Albatros<\/b><em>1992&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-28\/\"><span class=\"im ph15\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Yakovlev Yak-28<\/b><em>1992&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/download?ac=113841\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">FlightGlobal: World Air Forces 2026 (Craig Hoyle)<\/a><span>Cited by Wikipedia for the current inventory; the Turkmenistan entry could not be read directly, so figures are used only as reproduced by Wikipedia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/observances\/neutrality-day\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">United Nations: International Day of Neutrality<\/a><span>Turkmenistan recognised as permanently neutral since 12 December 1995; resolution 71\/275 of 2 February 2017.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mfa.gov.tm\/en\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkmenistan<\/a><span>Official statement of the neutrality policy by President Serdar Berdimuhamedov.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/unmanned\/2021\/10\/01\/in-first-turkmenistan-shows-off-bayraktar-tb2-drone\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defense News: In first, Turkmenistan shows off Bayraktar TB2 drone (Tayfun Ozberk, 1 October 2021)<\/a><span>27 September 2021 parade: TB2 with MAM-L\/MAM-C, A-29, C-27J, M-346; 37 million dollars of Turkish aerospace exports in July 2021.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscentralasia.net\/2026\/09\/29\/turkmenistan-showcases-defense-capabilities-at-civil-and-military-parade\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">News Central Asia: Turkmenistan showcases defense capabilities at civil and military parade (29 September 2026)<\/a><span>27 September 2026 parade: Mi-17V-5, Mi-24P, C-27J, A-29, M-346, Su-25 closing the air parade; TB2 and other drones on vehicles; EC145, AS365, AW139 of other ministries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscentralasia.net\/2026\/09\/27\/35th-anniversary-of-turkmenistans-independence-grand-parade-and-celebration-of-creation-in-ashgabat-photo-report\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">News Central Asia: 35th anniversary of Turkmenistan&rsquo;s independence, photo report (27 September 2026)<\/a><span>Confirms the parade and an air display; no types named.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscentralasia.net\/2024\/09\/30\/turkmenistan-celebrates-anniversary-of-independence\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">News Central Asia: Turkmenistan celebrates anniversary of independence (30 September 2024)<\/a><span>2024 parade near the Kopetdag foothills with land, sea and air capabilities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscentralasia.net\/2024\/05\/30\/turkmen-forces-showcase-skills-in-national-military-drills-drones-take-center-stage\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">News Central Asia: Turkmen forces showcase skills in national military drills (30 May 2024)<\/a><span>29 May 2024 exercise in Balkan province with drones.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tdh.gov.tm\/en\/post\/49878\/president-turkmenistan-conferred-ranks-and-awarded-medals-military-personnel-honour-35th-anniversary-independence\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">TDH (state news agency): President conferred ranks and awarded medals to military personnel for the 35th anniversary of independence (27 September 2026)<\/a><span>Official confirmation of the 2026 ceremonial military parade; President Serdar Berdimuhamedov as Supreme Commander-in-Chief.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tdh.gov.tm\/en\/post\/49827\/national-concept-international-law-and-neutrality-turkmenistan-was-approved\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">TDH: The National concept &quot;International law and neutrality of Turkmenistan&quot; was approved (23 September 2026)<\/a><span>Title and date read from the TDH news listing; the article body was not read.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/iz.ru\/news\/428369\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Izvestia: President of Turkmenistan flew over the capital in a MiG-29 (26 June 2008)<\/a><span>About 30 minutes, from Akdepe military airfield.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aviaport.ru\/digest\/2015\/06\/10\/343953.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AviaPort: Military airfield near Ashgabat to take local flights (10 June 2015)<\/a><span>Akdepe to handle domestic flights for the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games; air force improvements reviewed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kt.kz\/rus\/society\/v_pogranvojska_turkmenistana_postupili_pervie_bespilotniki_1153518241.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Kazakhstan Today: First drones delivered to Turkmenistan&rsquo;s border troops (29 May 2010)<\/a><span>Demonstration at Akdepe military airfield; type and supplier not named.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/theaviationgeekclub.com\/the-unknown-story-of-the-soviet-mig-29-aggressor-unit-tasked-to-simulate-usaf-f-15-fighters\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Aviation Geek Club: The unknown story of the Soviet MiG-29 aggressor unit (Dario Leone, 15 August 2019)<\/a><span>1521st Aviation Base at Mary-1, first MiG-29s 1989, 24 aircraft, several flown to Russia in August 1992; after Gordon and Komissarov.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscentralasia.net\/2024\/01\/15\/arkadag-berdimuhamedov-made-a-working-trip-to-mary-province\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">News Central Asia: Arkadag Berdimuhamedov made a working trip to Mary province (15 January 2024)<\/a><span>Visit to an unnamed military airfield in Mary province on 11&ndash;12 January 2024; aircraft and helicopters inspected; runway standards for military aircraft.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/countries\/TM\/airports.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports: Airports in Turkmenistan<\/a><span>Public-domain airport database; used as a finding aid for identifiers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/countries\/TM\/M\/airports.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports: Airports in Mary Region<\/a><span>Lists Mary International (UTAM) and Mary North (UT52) separately.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/airports\/UT1G\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports: Ashgabat Bezmein Air Base (UT1G)<\/a><span>Alternate names Aktepe, Ak-Tepe, Ashkhabad Northwest; 38.0120 N, 58.1950 E; 920 ft; tagged military.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/airports\/TM-UT52\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports: Mary North Airport (UT52)<\/a><span>37.6643 N, 61.8270 E; 728 ft; last updated 2009. Not confirmed as Mary-2.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/airports\/UTAV\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports: T&#252;rkmenabat International Airport (UTAV)<\/a><span>Alternate name Chardzhou; 38.9307 N, 63.5640 E; 649 ft.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/airports\/UT1H\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports: Balkanabat Airport (UT1H), closed<\/a><span>Alternate name Nebit Dag; 39.4806 N, 54.3660 E; marked closed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/airports\/TM-0002\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports: Balkanabat International Airport (UTAN)<\/a><span>Jebel (Dzhebel); 39.6811 N, 54.2060 E; user comment: opened 19 May 2025, replacing the old airport.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/airports\/TM-UT55\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports: Kizyl-Arvat Airport (UT55)<\/a><span>38.9842 N, 56.3570 E; 338 ft; small airport, last updated 2009.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/airports\/UTAK\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports: Turkmenba&#351;y International Airport (UTAK)<\/a><span>Alternate name Krasnovodsk; 40.0628 N, 53.0051 E; 279 ft.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-09-30. Order of Battle pages are regenerated from a single dataset; if a number here disagrees with a Book of Beasts page, this page is the more recent of the two.<\/p>\n<p class=\"verified\">Photographs: Photo: &#321;ukasz Golowanow \/ Wikimedia Commons (Attribution) &middot; Photo: Boevaya mashina \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: Myself (Adrian Pingstone). \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Ministry of Defence of Ukraine \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0) &middot; Photo: Armando Olivo Mart&#237;n del Campo \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Alex Beltyukov \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: Filip.vidinovski \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Jan Hrdonka \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Federal government of the United States. (Upload: by w:en:User:Victor12) \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Neuwieser \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Alexander Mishin \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: Igor123121 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0) &middot; Photo: Gorupsven09 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0) &middot; Photo: Articseahorse \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Alan Wilson \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: David &#193;lvarez L&#243;pez from Gij&#243;n, Espa&#241;a \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w11-tm-t-228.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w11-tm-t-229.jpg)!important}#mfam 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