{"id":29599,"date":"2026-10-02T10:11:23","date_gmt":"2026-10-02T08:11:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/?page_id=29599"},"modified":"2026-10-08T14:50:33","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T12:50:33","slug":"russian-naval-aviation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cz\/air-forces\/russian-naval-aviation\/","title":{"rendered":"Rusk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed letectvo"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>body.page-id-29599 h1.entry-title.main_title{display:none} body.page-id-29599 #main-content .container{padding-top:0} body.page-id-29599 #left-area{padding-bottom:0} body.page-id-29599{overflow-x:hidden} body.page-id-29599 #sidebar{display:none} body.page-id-29599 #left-area{width:100%!important;float:none;padding:0} body.page-id-29599 #main-content .container::before{display:none!important;background:none!important} html{overflow-x:hidden} #mfam{width:100vw;margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);background:#fff;color:#14181f;line-height:1.7;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;overflow:hidden;--bg2:#f6f8fb;--line:#e2e7ee;--txt:#14181f;--txt2:#454e5e;--txt3:#8b94a5;--blue:#5C91FF;--blue-ink:#3568e0;--blue-dim:rgba(92,145,255,.10)} #mfam *{box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:0} #mfam h1,#mfam h2,#mfam h3,#mfam h4,#mfam h5,#mfam b,#mfam strong,#mfam summary,#mfam .stat b,#mfam dt{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal} #mfam dd{font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal} #mfam a{color:var(--blue-ink);text-decoration:none} #mfam .wrap{max-width:1120px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 24px} #mfam section{padding:64px 0} #mfam hr.divider{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:0} #mfam h2{font-size:clamp(26px,3.4vw,36px);letter-spacing:-.5px;margin:0 0 8px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.15} #mfam h3{font-size:20px;margin:36px 0 12px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .sh{font-size:15px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--blue);margin:30px 0 8px;line-height:1.4} #mfam .cols>div:first-child>.sh:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .kicker{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);margin-bottom:14px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam p{color:var(--txt2);font-size:17px;max-width:70ch;margin:0} #mfam p+p{margin-top:1em} #mfam p strong{color:var(--txt)} #mfam .imp{color:#8a93a3;font-weight:400} #mfam .spx-lede{font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#3d4654;max-width:760px;margin:0 0 28px} #mfam .spx-note{font-size:13px;line-height:1.6;color:#697386;margin-top:18px;max-width:860px} #mfam .hero{position:relative;background:#10141d;padding:96px 0 0;overflow:hidden} #mfam .hero::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;inset:0;background:radial-gradient(ellipse at 20% 10%,rgba(92,145,255,.22),transparent 55%),radial-gradient(ellipse at 90% 90%,rgba(92,145,255,.10),transparent 50%)} #mfam .hero-in{position:relative;width:100%;padding-bottom:52px} #mfam .crumb{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.7);text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:18px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .crumb a{color:rgba(255,255,255,.7)} #mfam .hero h1{font-size:clamp(40px,6.5vw,80px);letter-spacing:-1.5px;line-height:1.04;color:#fff;margin:0} #mfam .hero h1 em{font-style:normal;color:var(--blue)} #mfam .hero .native{font-size:14px;letter-spacing:1px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);margin-top:10px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .hero .sub{font-size:clamp(16px,2vw,20px);color:rgba(255,255,255,.9);margin-top:14px;max-width:56ch} #mfam .statstrip{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:1px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.25);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25);margin-top:36px} #mfam .stat{background:rgba(255,255,255,.95);padding:18px 22px} #mfam .stat b{display:block;font-size:clamp(20px,2.4vw,28px);color:#0d1117;letter-spacing:-.5px} #mfam .stat span{font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .chips{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;padding:26px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .chip{font-size:13.5px;padding:8px 16px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .chip b{color:var(--txt3);margin-right:6px;font-size:11px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px} #mfam .chip:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .chip.fly{background:var(--blue-dim);border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .cols{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:56px;align-items:start} #mfam .pull{font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;font-style:italic;font-size:24px;line-height:1.5;color:#0d1117;border-left:3px solid var(--blue);padding:6px 0 6px 26px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .pull cite{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:16px} #mfam .specgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:20px;margin-top:36px} #mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;align-items:start} #mfam .spectable{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .spectable h4{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;background:#0d1117;padding:18px 24px;margin:0} #mfam .spectable dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,150px) minmax(0,1fr);margin:0} #mfam .spectable dt,#mfam .spectable dd{padding:12px 20px;font-size:15px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin:0} #mfam .spectable dt{color:#4a5566;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .spectable dd{color:#0d1117;text-align:left;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:break-word;min-width:0} #mfam ul.gl,#mfam #basetbl td>ul{list-style:none!important;margin:2px 0 0!important;padding:0!important;border:0!important} #mfam ul.gl li{position:relative;padding-left:14px!important;line-height:1.55;margin:0!important} #mfam ul.gl li+li{margin-top:3px!important} #mfam .gl.tl li{padding-left:12px} #mfam .gl.tl li::before{width:4px;height:4px;top:.66em} #mfam .gl li::before{content:'';position:absolute;left:0;top:.6em;width:5px;height:5px;background:var(--blue)} #mfam .gnote{display:block;font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:7px} #mfam .spectable dt:nth-of-type(odd),#mfam .spectable dd:nth-of-type(odd){background:var(--bg2)} #mfam table.oobt{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:15px;margin-top:22px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt th{text-align:left;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;background:#0d1117;padding:13px 16px;font-weight:normal;white-space:nowrap;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam table.oobt td{padding:11px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);color:#0d1117;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;line-height:1.5} #mfam table.oobt tr:nth-child(odd) td{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet:not(.ord) td:nth-child(4),#mfam table.oobt.fleet:not(.ord) td:nth-child(5),#mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord td:nth-child(3),#mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord td:nth-child(4),#mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(2),#mfam #nearbytbl td:nth-child(2),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(2),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(5),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(6){text-align:left;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;white-space:nowrap} #mfam table.oobt th{text-align:left!important} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4){font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4)>span{display:block;white-space:nowrap} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4)>span+span{margin-top:7px} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4)>span>span+span{display:block;margin-left:62px;margin-top:1px;color:var(--txt3);font-size:11.5px;line-height:1.35;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(4)>span>span:first-child{display:inline-block;min-width:62px} #mfam .cname{white-space:nowrap} #mfam table.oobt.fleet:not(.ord) td:nth-child(3),#mfam table.oobt.fleet:not(.ord) td:nth-child(6),#mfam #basetbl td:nth-child(5),#mfam #nearbytbl td:nth-child(4),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(3),#mfam #combattbl td:nth-child(4){color:var(--txt3)} #mfam table.oobt td a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam table.oobt td a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam table.oobt.former td{color:var(--txt3)} #mfam table.oobt.former td a{color:var(--txt3)} #mfam table.oobt tr.hot td{background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.mapjump{cursor:pointer} #mfam table.oobt td small{display:block;color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.45} #mfam .tscroll{overflow-x:auto} #mfam .pill{display:inline-block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:3px 9px;border:1px solid #0d1117;color:#0d1117;white-space:nowrap;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .pill.was{border-color:#c3cddb;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .pill.mig{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)}#mfam #basetbl td:first-child>span{display:block;margin-top:4px;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt2)}#mfam #basetbl td>ul{margin:0!important}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li{margin:0 0 6px!important;padding:0!important;font-size:14px;line-height:1.45;color:#0d1117}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li:last-child{margin-bottom:0!important}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li>span:first-child{color:inherit}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li>span+span,#mfam #basetbl td>ul li>span+span a{color:var(--txt2)}#mfam #basetbl td>ul li.was,#mfam #basetbl td>ul li.was a,#mfam #basetbl td>ul li.was>span+span,#mfam #basetbl td>ul li.was>span+span a{color:var(--txt3)}#mfam .migbtn{display:block;width:fit-content;margin-top:8px;max-width:13em;padding:5px 9px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);line-height:1.4;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;text-decoration:none}#mfam .migbtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .fleetchart{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:26px 28px;margin-top:22px} #mfam .frow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:150px 1fr 64px;align-items:center;gap:16px;height:38px} #mfam .fname{font-size:14px;color:#0d1117;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis} #mfam .fbar{display:block;background:#eef1f6;height:16px} #mfam .fbar i{display:block;height:16px;background:#5C91FF} #mfam .fnum{font-size:14px;text-align:right;color:#3d4654;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .mapframe{border:1px solid var(--blue);margin-top:22px;position:relative} #mfam .oobmap{height:560px;width:100%;background:#f4f6f9} #mfam .oobmap.home{height:520px} #mfam .mapsub{font-size:20px;letter-spacing:-.2px;margin:34px 0 4px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.2} #mfam .mapnote{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 4px;line-height:1.55;max-width:62em} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-group,#mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-group button{border-radius:0!important} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-group{box-shadow:none!important;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-group button+button{border-top:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-attrib{font-size:10px;color:var(--txt3);background:rgba(255,255,255,.85)!important;font-family:inherit} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-ctrl-attrib a{color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-popup-content{border-radius:0;box-shadow:0 6px 22px rgba(13,17,23,.14);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:0;background:#fff} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-popup-anchor-bottom .maplibregl-popup-tip{border-top-color:#fff} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-popup-anchor-top .maplibregl-popup-tip{border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .oobmap .maplibregl-popup{max-width:300px!important;pointer-events:auto} #mfam .mf-pin{width:14px;height:14px;background:#0d1117;border:2px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #0d1117;transition:transform .15s ease;cursor:pointer} #mfam .mf-pin.was{background:#fff;border:2px solid #8b94a5;box-shadow:none} #mfam .mf-pin.mig{background:#5C91FF;border:2px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px #5C91FF;width:16px;height:16px} #mfam .mf-pin.hot,#mfam .mf-pin:hover{transform:scale(1.35)} #mfam .bp{width:270px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.5} #mfam .bp-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:10px;background:#0d1117;color:#fff;padding:9px 14px;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .bp.was .bp-head{background:#8b94a5} #mfam .bp.mig .bp-head{background:#5C91FF} #mfam .bp-name{font-size:16px;padding:12px 14px 2px;line-height:1.25;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .bp-sub{font-size:12px;color:#8b94a5;padding:0 14px 10px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .bp dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;margin:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .bp dt,#mfam .bp dd{margin:0;padding:7px 14px;font-size:12.5px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);line-height:1.45} #mfam .bp dt{color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif} #mfam .bp dt small{display:block;color:#8b94a5;font-size:11px} #mfam .bp dd{text-align:right} #mfam .bp dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .bp dd a.was,#mfam .bp.was dd a{color:#8b94a5} #mfam .bp dt:nth-of-type(odd),#mfam .bp dd:nth-of-type(odd){background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .bp-link{display:block;padding:10px 14px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .bp-link:hover{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .bp-fly{display:block;padding:10px 14px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;background:#5C91FF;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .legend{display:flex;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:11px 14px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:0;background:#fff;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .legend span{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px} #mfam .dot{width:11px;height:11px;display:inline-block;background:#0d1117} #mfam .dot.was{background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #8b94a5} #mfam .dot.mig{background:#5C91FF} #mfam .oob{border:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:22px;background:#fff} #mfam .oob>div{background:#0d1117;color:#fff;padding:12px 18px;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .oob>div a{color:#fff} #mfam .oob>div em{font-style:normal;opacity:.6} #mfam .oob dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;margin:0} #mfam .oob dt,#mfam .oob dd{padding:11px 18px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin:0;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.5} #mfam .oob dt{color:#0d1117} #mfam .oob dt small{display:block;color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .oob dd{color:#0d1117;text-align:left} #mfam .oob dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .oob dt.was,#mfam .oob dd.was,#mfam .oob dd.was a{color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .oob dt:nth-of-type(odd),#mfam .oob dd:nth-of-type(odd){background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .tl{margin-top:40px;position:relative;padding-left:34px} #mfam .tl::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:8px;top:6px;bottom:6px;width:2px;background:var(--line)} #mfam .tl-item{position:relative;padding-bottom:34px} #mfam .tl-item::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:-32px;top:7px;width:14px;height:14px;background:#fff;border:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tl-item .yr{font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-ink);letter-spacing:1.5px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .tl-item p{font-size:15.5px;margin-top:4px} #mfam .qa{margin-top:30px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px} #mfam .qa details{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .qa details[open]{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qa summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;padding:22px 26px;font-size:18px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .qa summary::after{content:\"+\";font-size:24px;color:var(--blue-ink);flex:none;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qa details[open] summary::after{content:\"\\2013\"} #mfam summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 26px 24px;font-size:16px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:78ch} #mfam .ad{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 40px} #mfam .ad .adin{max-width:900px;margin:0 auto;text-align:center} #mfam .ad .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ad h2{margin-bottom:12px;color:#fff} #mfam .ad .adp{margin:0 auto 26px;color:#9aa3b8} #mfam .ad .btn{display:inline-block;background:var(--blue);color:#fff;padding:14px 26px;font-size:14px;letter-spacing:1.5px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .ad .btn:hover{background:#fff;color:#0d1117} #mfam .relgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:34px} #mfam .rel{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:26px;box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(13,17,23,.05)} #mfam .rel:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .rel .rk{display:block;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .rel .rh{display:block;font-size:20px;margin:8px 0 6px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .rel .rp{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .rel .go{display:block;margin-top:14px;font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .relgrid>p,#mfam .track>p{display:contents} #mfam .srclist{margin-top:26px;columns:2;column-gap:48px;list-style:none;font-size:15px;padding:0} #mfam .srclist li{margin-bottom:10px;break-inside:avoid;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .srclist li span{color:var(--txt3);font-size:13.5px;display:block} #mfam .verified{font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:18px} #mfam{--red:#d8232a;--green:#1f9d63;--amber:#c9821a} #mfam .hero.photo{padding:0;background:#0b0f16} #mfam .heroimg{position:absolute;inset:0;background-size:cover;background-position:center 45%;z-index:0} #mfam .hero.photo::before{z-index:1;background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(8,11,17,.80) 0%,rgba(8,11,17,.42) 40%,rgba(8,11,17,.90) 100%),linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(8,11,17,.72),rgba(8,11,17,.06) 62%)} #mfam .hero.photo .hero-in{padding-top:92px;padding-bottom:56px;z-index:2} #mfam .hero .accent{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;height:4px;z-index:4;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--red) 0 22%,var(--blue) 22% 100%)} #mfam .photocred{position:absolute;right:16px;bottom:14px;z-index:3;font-size:10.5px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.48);letter-spacing:.3px;max-width:52ch;text-align:right;line-height:1.4} #mfam .marks{display:flex;gap:30px;align-items:center;margin-top:32px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mark{display:flex;gap:13px;align-items:center} #mfam .rondel,#mfam .finflash{display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .rondel{width:58px;height:58px} #mfam .finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam .pq{margin:0;max-width:900px} #mfam .pq blockquote{margin:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-size:clamp(21px,2.6vw,28px);line-height:1.42;color:#fff;letter-spacing:-.2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:before{content:'\\201C';color:var(--blue);margin-right:2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:after{content:'\\201D';color:var(--blue);margin-left:2px} #mfam .pq figcaption{margin-top:20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6} #mfam .pq figcaption b{color:#fff;font-size:14px} #mfam .pq figcaption span{display:block;color:#7c8697;font-size:13px} #mfam .pq figcaption a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .pqrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:40px;max-width:1120px} #mfam .pqrow .pq blockquote{font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,21px)} #mfam .galgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .galgrid figure{margin:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .galgrid .gim{display:block;height:210px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .galgrid figcaption{padding:14px 16px 16px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .galgrid figcaption b{display:block;color:#0d1117;font-size:14.5px;margin-bottom:4px} #mfam .galgrid figcaption span{display:block;margin-top:7px;font-size:11.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.5} #mfam .galgrid figure.wide{grid-column:span 2} #mfam .galgrid figure.wide .gim{height:300px} #mfam .vidwrap{max-width:900px;margin-top:8px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#0d1117} #mfam .vidfr{position:relative;width:100%;padding-top:56.25%;height:0;display:block} #mfam .vidfr iframe{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;display:block} #mfam .vidcap{padding:16px 20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6;background:#0d1117} #mfam .vidcap b{display:block;color:#fff;font-size:15px;margin-bottom:4px} #mfam .vidcap a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .reads{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .read{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:22px 22px 24px} #mfam .read:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .read .rk{display:block;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);margin-bottom:9px} #mfam .read .rh{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;color:#0d1117} #mfam .read:hover .rh{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .read .rp{display:block;font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);line-height:1.6;margin-top:9px} #mfam .read .go{display:block;margin-top:14px;font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .galgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .reads{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .galgrid,#mfam .reads,#mfam .pqrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .galgrid figure.wide{grid-column:auto}#mfam .galgrid figure.wide .gim{height:210px}} #mfam .kfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .kf{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;padding:24px 24px 26px} #mfam .kf .kfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .kf h3{font-size:19px;line-height:1.25;margin:8px 0 10px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .kf p{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .kf .kff{display:block;margin-top:12px;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:14px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .deep{margin-top:8px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .deep details{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .deep summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;padding:22px 0;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:baseline;font-size:20px;line-height:1.3;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .deep summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .deep summary .dn{flex:0 0 34px;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.4px;color:var(--blue)} #mfam .deep summary .dx{margin-left:auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.2px;color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .deep details[open] summary .dx{visibility:hidden} #mfam .deep .dbody{padding:0 0 26px 54px;max-width:860px} #mfam .deep .dbody p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.68;margin-bottom:16px} #mfam .inc{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .inc article{border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--blue);background:#fff;padding:22px 24px 24px} #mfam .inc .incd{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.5px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .inc h3{font-size:18px;line-height:1.3;margin:7px 0 9px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .inc p{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .inc .incs{display:block;margin-top:11px;font-size:13px} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .kfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .kfgrid,#mfam .inc{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .deep .dbody{padding-left:0}#mfam .deep summary{font-size:18px}} #mfam .satfig{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#eef1f6;overflow:hidden;line-height:0} #mfam .satimg{display:block;width:100%;height:520px;background-position:center;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat} #mfam .satfig{cursor:zoom-in;position:relative}#mfam .satzoom{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:2;background:rgba(8,11,17,.72);color:#fff;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:9px 14px;line-height:1}#mfam .satlb{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:99999;background:rgba(6,9,14,.95);display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;cursor:zoom-out;padding:24px}#mfam .satlb.on{display:flex}#mfam .satbig{width:96vw;height:90vh;background-position:center;background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat}#mfam .satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; Russia<\/div>\n<h1>Russian Naval Aviation<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">&#1052;&#1086;&#1088;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1072;&#1074;&#1080;&#1072;&#1094;&#1080;&#1103; &#1042;&#1086;&#1077;&#1085;&#1085;&#1086;-&#1084;&#1086;&#1088;&#1089;&#1082;&#1086;&#1075;&#1086; &#1092;&#1083;&#1086;&#1090;&#1072; &#1056;&#1086;&#1089;&#1089;&#1080;&#1080;<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Russian Naval Aviation, the air arm of the Russian Navy, dates itself to 17 July 1916, inherited the missile bombers, long-range patrol aircraft and carrier fighters of Soviet Naval Aviation in 1991, and in 2026 flies a thinner mix of Su-30SM, Su-24, MiG-31, Su-33, MiG-29K, Tu-142, Il-38 and Ka-27 aircraft from the Kola Peninsula to Kamchatka &mdash; with its only aircraft carrier non-operational and its Black Sea air regiment in Crimea a repeated target of Ukrainian strikes since August 2022.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>24<\/b><span>Combat aircraft<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>11<\/b><span>Active air bases<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1916<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>13<\/b><span>Types retired<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Dmitry Terekhov from Odintsovo, Russian Federation \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Russia<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1916<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>St Petersburg (Main Command of the Navy)<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Commander<\/b>Aleksandr Moiseyev<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>The Russian Naval Aviation story: the raids on Berlin, Bears over the oceans and a carrier wing without a carrier<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1912&ndash;1945: flying boats, torpedo bombers and the raids on Berlin<\/h3>\n<p>Russian naval flying is older than the Soviet state. English Wikipedia dates the first naval aviation units of the Russian Empire to 1912&ndash;1914, the service itself to 17 July 1916 (4 July in the old calendar), and the first regular Soviet naval air units to 1918. On 22 June 1941 the Northern, Baltic and Black Sea fleets and the river flotillas had 1,445 aircraft between them. Within seven weeks Baltic Fleet torpedo bombers did something no Soviet army unit had yet done: on the night of 7&ndash;8 August 1941 DB-3s flying from Kagul airfield on the Estonian island of Saaremaa bombed Berlin. In the Arctic, Boris Safonov of the Northern Fleet air force flew I-16s, RAF-supplied Hurricanes and P-40s from Vaenga and was credited by Russian historians with 20 solo and five shared victories before he went down covering convoy PQ-16 on 30 May 1942. By 1945, Wikipedia counts 17 Guards naval air units and 241 Heroes of the Soviet Union.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1945&ndash;1991: missile carriers, Bears and the Soviet carriers<\/h3>\n<p>After the war the navy built its air arm to do one job: sink American carrier groups from land. Tu-16 missile carriers were the backbone &mdash; 107 Tu-16KS alone were built for naval aviation between 1954 and 1958 &mdash; flying from new Arctic and Far East fields such as Severomorsk-3 (1950) and Kamenny Ruchey (1953). Tu-95RTs reconnaissance aircraft at Kipelovo watched Western navies from 1963; the Tu-142 hunted submarines from December 1972; the Tu-22M with Kh-22 missiles followed. At sea the navy went from helicopter cruisers to the Kiev class, commissioned from 28 December 1975, each with about 12 Yak-38 jump jets &mdash; a type that entered service on 11 August 1976 and was retired in 1991. In 1990 Wikipedia lists 79 VTOL strike aircraft, 219 helicopters, 269 bombers, 198 attack aircraft and 90 anti-submarine aircraft.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1991&ndash;2014: inheritance, retreat and the Su-33<\/h3>\n<p>The collapse of the Soviet Union left Russia with a carrier, Admiral Kuznetsov (commissioned 20 January 1991), and a carrier fighter, the Su-27K, first landed on its deck by Viktor Pugachyov on 1 November 1989. It also left the carrier-landing trainer NITKA at Saky, the Black Sea air bases and the training centres in an independent Ukraine. The money ran out. The Be-12 fleet fell from 55 aircraft in 1993 to nine in 2008; the Tu-16 was retired by 1995; in 1997 families blocked the runway at Kamenny Ruchey over unpaid wages. Only 24 production Su-33s were built, and the type entered service formally on 31 August 1998. The navy gained the MiG-31 regiment at Yelizovo in July 1998, moved its training centre from Ostrov to Yeysk in 2009&ndash;2010 &mdash; and in 2011 lost its Northern and Pacific Fleet Tu-22M3 bombers to the Air Force, ending naval missile-carrying aviation as Russia had known it.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2014&ndash;2017: Crimea, Saky and the Syria cruise<\/h3>\n<p>Two events then changed the service&rsquo;s map. In early 2014 Russian forces took control of Crimea, including Saky and its NITKA complex. Russia calls this the accession of Crimea under a treaty of 18 March 2014; Ukraine regards the peninsula as occupied, and on 27 March 2014 the UN General Assembly, by 100 votes to 11 with 58 abstentions, adopted resolution 68\/262 affirming Ukraine&rsquo;s territorial integrity and declaring the referendum invalid. The 43rd Naval Attack Aviation Regiment rebuilt at Saky with Su-24s and new Su-30SMs. Then, from October 2016 to February 2017, Admiral Kuznetsov sailed to the eastern Mediterranean with Su-33s and the new MiG-29KRs ordered in 2012. Russian figures as quoted by Wikipedia claim 420 combat missions and 1,252 targets hit; the cruise also cost a MiG-29K and a Su-33 in arresting-gear trouble, and much of the air wing finished the war ashore at Khmeimim.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2022&ndash;2026: the war against Ukraine<\/h3>\n<p>Since February 2022 the service has fought in a war its maritime regiments were not built for. Wikipedia records a naval Su-30SM shot down near Bashtanka on 5 March 2022. On 9 August 2022 explosions at Saky destroyed at least eight aircraft: Russia&rsquo;s Ministry of Defence spoke of a munitions accident and said no aircraft were damaged; Ukraine&rsquo;s General Staff claimed nine; open-source analysts counted five Su-24s and three Su-30SMs destroyed. Ukraine has since claimed further hits on naval aircraft: two Su-30SMs shot down by Magura V7 sea drones west of Novorossiysk on 2 May 2025 and Be-12s at Kacha in September 2025; Wikipedia also records an Il-38N damaged at Yeysk in December 2025 and two Tu-142s reported destroyed at Taganrog in May 2026. Russia has confirmed few of these losses. Wikipedia&rsquo;s count for 2025 is at least seven Su-30SMs and 10&ndash;20 Su-24s for the Aerospace Forces and naval aviation combined.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">What is left, and what is missing<\/h3>\n<p>What remains is an air arm spread across four fleets (the Caspian Flotilla has no aircraft of its own), with the Northern and Baltic fleets placed under the Leningrad Military District in 2024. Its strengths are real but old: about 29 Tu-142s built between 1968 and 1994, about 30 Il-38s of which eight had been upgraded to Il-38N, MiG-31BMs in the Arctic and on Kamchatka, and Ka-27 helicopters, about half modernised by 2018. Its weaknesses are plainer. Admiral Kuznetsov has not sailed operationally since 2017; in September 2024 open-source analysts reported its crew sent to the army, and in July 2025 work on it was reported suspended. The Su-33 and MiG-29K regiments at Severomorsk-3 are carrier wings without a carrier. A 2020 contract for 21 Su-30SM2s and a plan for 50 in all are the only new combat aircraft in sight, and no replacement for the Tu-142 or Il-38 was named in the sources checked.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">After the war the navy built its air arm to do one job: sink American carrier groups from land.<cite>Russian Naval Aviation &middot; verified 2026-10-01<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>The Russian Naval Aviation in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Service<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Native name<\/dt>\n<dd>&#1052;&#1086;&#1088;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1072;&#1074;&#1080;&#1072;&#1094;&#1080;&#1103; &#1042;&#1052;&#1060; &#1056;&#1086;&#1089;&#1089;&#1080;&#1080;<span class=\"gnote\">Russian name as given by English Wikipedia (Morskaya aviatsiya Voenno-morskogo flota Rossii). The official Ministry of Defence site could not be reached to check the spelling<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Founded<\/dt>\n<dd>17 July 1916<span class=\"gnote\">The date the service keeps as its anniversary (4 July 1916 Old Style). First Imperial naval aviation units 1912&ndash;1914; first regular Soviet naval air units 1918<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Part of<\/dt>\n<dd>Russian Navy<span class=\"gnote\">A branch of the Navy, not of the Aerospace Forces. Since 2024 the Northern and Baltic fleets, with their aviation, are under the Leningrad Military District<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Commander-in-Chief of the Navy<\/dt>\n<dd>Admiral of the Fleet Aleksandr Moiseyev<span class=\"gnote\">Acting from March 2024, confirmed on 2 April 2024, promoted admiral of the fleet on 9 December 2025<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Head of naval aviation<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"gnote\">English Wikipedia names Major General Igor Kozhin in 2011; no source reached confirms the holder in 2026<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Fleets with aviation<\/dt>\n<dd>Four<span class=\"gnote\">Northern, Pacific, Baltic and Black Sea fleets. The Caspian Flotilla has no aviation of its own<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Strength<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Personnel<\/dt>\n<dd>About 28,000 (2014)<span class=\"gnote\">The 2014 figure given by English Wikipedia; no current figure was found<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Fighters and strike aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Su-30SM\/SM2 &mdash; about 17 Su-30SM and 8+ Su-30SM2 (2024)<\/li>\n<li>Su-24M\/MR &mdash; up to 30 Su-24M and 10 Su-24MR (2024)<\/li>\n<li>Su-33 &mdash; 24 production aircraft built; number flying not published<\/li>\n<li>MiG-29KR\/KUBR &mdash; 24 delivered by early 2016<\/li>\n<li>MiG-31BM &mdash; Northern Fleet and Kamchatka; numbers not published<\/li>\n<li>Su-27SM &mdash; Baltic Fleet; numbers not published<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Wikipedia figures for 2024 unless stated. Losses since 2022 are not officially published<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Patrol and anti-submarine aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Tu-142M3\/MR\/MK &mdash; about 29<\/li>\n<li>Il-38\/Il-38N &mdash; about 30, eight upgraded to Il-38N<\/li>\n<li>Be-12 &mdash; between two and seven, Black Sea Fleet<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Il-38 and Be-12 counts are Wikipedia&rsquo;s and are undated or ranges<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Helicopters<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Ka-27\/Ka-27M &mdash; most numerous type<\/li>\n<li>Ka-29 &mdash; assault transport<\/li>\n<li>Ka-31 &mdash; airborne early warning<\/li>\n<li>Mi-8 and Mi-24 &mdash; Baltic and Black Sea fleets<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Ka-27M upgrade: first eight delivered December 2016, about half the fleet modernised by December 2018<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft carriers<\/dt>\n<dd>One, non-operational<span class=\"gnote\">Admiral Kuznetsov: repair and modernisation reported suspended in July 2025<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Infrastructure<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Main air bases<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Northern Fleet &mdash; Severomorsk-1, Severomorsk-3, Monchegorsk, Kipelovo<\/li>\n<li>Pacific Fleet &mdash; Yelizovo, Kamenny Ruchey<\/li>\n<li>Baltic Fleet &mdash; Chernyakhovsk, Chkalovsk, Donskoye<\/li>\n<li>Black Sea Fleet &mdash; Saky and Kacha (Crimea)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Named by English Wikipedia; current dispositions are not officially published<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Training centre<\/dt>\n<dd>Yeysk<span class=\"gnote\">859th Centre for Combat Application and Crew Training, opened 1 February 2010 with units from Ostrov and Kacha<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Crimea<\/dt>\n<dd>Saky and Kacha<span class=\"gnote\">Under Russian control since 2014. Russia regards Crimea as part of Russia; Ukraine and UN General Assembly resolution 68\/262 regard it as part of Ukraine<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Carrier-landing trainer<\/dt>\n<dd>NITKA, Saky<span class=\"gnote\">Shore replica of a carrier deck with ski-jump and arresting gear, built from 1976 for the 299th instructor-research regiment<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Bases given up<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Ostrov &mdash; naval training centre to 2009<\/li>\n<li>Olenya &mdash; naval missile regiment, now Long-Range Aviation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Olenya went to Long-Range Aviation; Ostrov&rsquo;s naval training centre closed on 1 December 2009<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"structure\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Structure<\/div>\n<h2>How the Russian Naval Aviation is organised<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">A branch of the Russian Navy, not of the Aerospace Forces, with aviation in four fleets &mdash; Northern, Pacific, Baltic and Black Sea &mdash; and a training centre at Yeysk; the Caspian Flotilla has no aircraft of its own. <span class=\"imp\">Its strength is real but old: about 29 Tu-142s and some 30 Il-38s for submarine hunting, Su-30SM and Su-24 strike aircraft, MiG-31BMs and Ka-27 helicopters, while the Su-33 and MiG-29K regiments at Severomorsk-3 are carrier wings without a carrier.<\/span> Since 2024 the Northern and Baltic fleets, with their aviation, have come under the Leningrad Military District.<\/p>\n<div class=\"org\">\n<div class=\"cmdcard\"><span class=\"cface mono\">AM<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"cmdtx\"><span class=\"crank\">Admiral of the Fleet<\/span><b>Aleksandr Moiseyev<\/b><span class=\"cmeta\">Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy (naval aviation is a branch of the Navy, not a separate service) &middot; in office since 2024<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmdorg\"><span>Russian Naval Aviation<\/span><em>&#1052;&#1086;&#1088;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1072;&#1074;&#1080;&#1072;&#1094;&#1080;&#1103; &#1042;&#1052;&#1060; &#1056;&#1086;&#1089;&#1089;&#1080;&#1080;<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgrow\">\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Headquarters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Russian Naval Aviation<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">&#1052;&#1086;&#1088;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1072;&#1074;&#1080;&#1072;&#1094;&#1080;&#1103; &#1042;&#1052;&#1060; &#1056;&#1086;&#1089;&#1089;&#1080;&#1080;<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">St Petersburg<\/div>\n<p>A branch of the Russian Navy, not of the Aerospace Forces, run within the Main Command of the Navy. English Wikipedia named Maj. Gen. Igor Kozhin as head of naval aviation and air defence in 2011, but no source reached confirms who holds the post in 2026. The Navy has been led since March 2024 by Aleksandr Moiseyev, confirmed on 2 April 2024 and promoted admiral of the fleet on 9 December 2025.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Carrier aviation<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>279th and 100th Independent Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiments<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Severomorsk-3<\/div>\n<p>Russia&rsquo;s entire carrier aviation, Northern Fleet: the Su-33s of the 279th, of which only 24 production aircraft were built, and the 20 MiG-29KRs and four MiG-29KUBRs of the 100th, formed by January 2016. Both flew from Admiral Kuznetsov off Syria in 2016&ndash;2017 and lost an aircraft each; the carrier has not sailed operationally since, and work on it was reported suspended in July 2025.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Northern Fleet<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Northern Fleet naval aviation<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Severomorsk-1, Kipelovo and Monchegorsk<\/div>\n<p>Under the 45th Air and Air Defence Forces Army: the 403rd Guards Composite Aviation Regiment with Il-38s and Il-38Ns and the 830th shipborne helicopter regiment with Ka-27s, Ka-29s and Ka-31s at Severomorsk-1, and Tu-142s at Kipelovo. Whether the 98th Guards regiment&rsquo;s Su-24s and MiG-31BMs at Monchegorsk belong to the Navy or the Aerospace Forces is reported differently.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Pacific Fleet<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Pacific Fleet naval aviation<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Kamenny Ruchey and Yelizovo<\/div>\n<p>The Tu-142s of the 568th Guards Composite Aviation Regiment, one squadron in 2023, at Kamenny Ruchey; on Kamchatka the 317th Independent Composite Aviation Regiment with Il-38Ns, the Ka-27s of the 175th squadron and the MiG-31s the navy took over on 1 July 1998, whose regimental status is unclear.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Baltic Fleet<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Baltic Fleet naval aviation<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Chernyakhovsk and Chkalovsk<\/div>\n<p>The 4th Guards Naval Attack Aviation Regiment with Su-30SM\/SM2s and Su-24Ms at Chernyakhovsk, under the 132nd Mixed Aviation Division, and, according to Wikipedia, the 689th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment with Su-27SMs and Su-30SM2s at Chkalovsk near Kaliningrad, with helicopter and transport squadrons alongside. Since 2024 the fleet comes under the Leningrad Military District.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Black Sea Fleet<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Black Sea Fleet naval aviation<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Saky and Kacha<\/div>\n<p>Flown from Crimea, under Russian control since 2014: the 43rd Independent Naval Shturmovik Aviation Regiment with Su-24M\/MRs and Su-30SMs at Saky, where Russia said no aircraft were damaged in the explosions of 9 August 2022 and open-source analysts counted eight destroyed; and the 318th composite regiment with Be-12s and An-26s and the 25th shipborne helicopter regiment at Kacha. Russia regards Crimea as part of Russia; Ukraine and UN General Assembly resolution 68\/262 regard it as part of Ukraine.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Training<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>859th Centre for Combat Application and Crew Training<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Yeysk<\/div>\n<p>Naval aviation&rsquo;s combat training and conversion centre, opened at Yeysk on 1 February 2010 with the training units of Ostrov and of Kacha, where the 859th had been based since 1981. Since 2024 Ukrainian drones have attacked the base repeatedly; Wikipedia records an Il-38N and a Ka-27 among the aircraft hit, which Russia did not confirm in the sources checked.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">In service<\/div>\n<h2>What the Russian Naval Aviation flies today<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type on charge, linked to its Book of Beasts page where one exists. <span class=\"imp\">Counts are aircraft on the books, not aircraft available on a given day.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-yr\">\n<col class=\"c-units\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">In service<\/th>\n<th>Since<\/th>\n<th>Units<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-30-flanker\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph2\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-30-flanker\/\">Sukhoi Su-30SM and Su-30SM2<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Multirole fighter and maritime strike<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2014<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>About 17 Su-30SM and 8+ Su-30SM2 in 2024 according to Wikipedia; losses since then (see note) are not officially published, so no current figure is given.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-24-fencer\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph3\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-24-fencer\/\">Sukhoi Su-24M and Su-24MR<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Strike and tactical reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Up to 30 Su-24M and 10 Su-24MR in 2024 according to Wikipedia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-33-flanker-d\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph4\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-33-flanker-d\/\">Sukhoi Su-33 (Su-27K)<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Carrier-borne fighter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1998<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Only 24 production aircraft were built. The Wikipedia infobox gives &quot;40+ in service&quot; in 2022, which cannot be squared with that production figure; no reliable current count was found.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph5\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\">Mikoyan MiG-29KR and MiG-29KUBR<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Carrier-borne multirole fighter<\/td>\n<td>24<\/td>\n<td>2016<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>20 MiG-29KR and 4 MiG-29KUBR ordered (announced February 2012), all delivered by early 2016; at least one lost in 2016.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph6\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\">Sukhoi Su-25UTG<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Carrier-landing trainer<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Admiral Kuznetsov&rsquo;s nominal wing includes two.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-31-foxhound\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-31-foxhound\/\">Mikoyan MiG-31B\/BM<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Interceptor<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1998<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Wikipedia lists one or two squadrons on Kamchatka (2023) and one squadron with the 98th regiment at Monchegorsk.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-27-flanker\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-27-flanker\/\">Sukhoi Su-27SM\/UB<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-142M3\/MR\/MK\/MZ<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Long-range anti-submarine and communications relay<\/td>\n<td>29<\/td>\n<td>1972<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>About 29 according to Wikipedia; two were reported destroyed at Taganrog on 30 May 2026.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph7\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Ilyushin Il-38 and Il-38N<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol and anti-submarine<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1967<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>About 30 remain according to Wikipedia (undated); eight upgraded to Il-38N. A February 2017 report said 30 would be upgraded.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph8\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Beriev Be-12 Chayka<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Amphibian, patrol and search and rescue<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1960<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Between two and seven with the Black Sea Fleet according to Wikipedia; 55 in 1993, 12 in 2005, nine in 2008.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Kamov Ka-27 and Ka-27M<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Shipborne anti-submarine and rescue helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1981<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>The most numerous naval helicopter. First eight Ka-27M upgrades delivered December 2016, about half the fleet modernised by December 2018.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph9\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Kamov Ka-29<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Assault transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1987<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>More than 60 built.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Kamov Ka-31<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airborne early warning helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Admiral Kuznetsov&rsquo;s nominal wing includes two.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mil Mi-8<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mil Mi-24<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Attack helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph10\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Antonov An-26 and An-24<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Antonov An-12<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph11\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Antonov An-140-100<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph12\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tupolev Tu-134 (including Tu-134UB-L)<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport and navigator trainer<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Orlan-10 and Forpost unmanned aircraft<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Reconnaissance drones<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fleetchart\">\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Tu-142<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:100%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">29<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">MiG-29K<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:83%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">24<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>On order<\/h3>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet ord\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-fd\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Ordered<\/th>\n<th>First delivery<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-30-flanker\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-30-flanker\/\">Sukhoi Su-30SM2<\/a><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>A contract for 21 Su-30SM2s for naval aviation was signed on 25 August 2020; Wikipedia counted 8+ in service in 2024 and says 50 Su-30SM\/SM2 are planned in all. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>How many of the 21 remain to be delivered is not published, and first delivery year was not confirmed.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Ilyushin Il-38N (upgrade)<span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>A February 2017 report said the navy would acquire 30 upgraded Il-38Ns; Wikipedia counts eight delivered, which would leave 22. The current status of the programme was not confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"former\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Formerly operated<\/div>\n<h2>Every type the Russian Naval Aviation has retired<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">13 types, from the Hawker Hurricane to the Tupolev Tu-22M2\/M3. <span class=\"imp\">Peak figures are airframes taken on charge over the whole service life, not fleet strength on any one date.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet former\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-srv\">\n<col class=\"c-rep\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Peak<\/th>\n<th>Served<\/th>\n<th>Replaced by<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22m-backfire\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph13\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22m-backfire\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-22M2\/M3<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Maritime missile bomber<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>In 1982 Kamenny Ruchey alone supported two Tu-22M regiments.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-16-badger\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-16-badger\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-16 (Tu-16KS, Tu-16K-10 and others)<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Missile carrier, reconnaissance and tanker<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1954&ndash;1995<\/td>\n<td>Tu-22M<\/td>\n<td>107 Tu-16KS built 1954&ndash;1958 served with naval aviation; total naval numbers not published.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-38-forger\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph14\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-38-forger\/\" class=\"was\">Yakovlev Yak-38\/Yak-38M<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Carrier-borne VTOL strike fighter<\/td>\n<td>231<\/td>\n<td>1976&ndash;1991<\/td>\n<td>Su-33<\/td>\n<td>231 built in all, including 34 Yak-38U and 52 Yak-38M.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-28\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-28\/\" class=\"was\">Yakovlev Yak-28<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Bomber<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1964&ndash;1974<\/td>\n<td>Su-24<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/il-28-beagle\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/il-28-beagle\/\" class=\"was\">Ilyushin Il-28<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Bomber and torpedo bomber<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1951&ndash;1964<\/td>\n<td>Yak-28<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22-blinder\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph15\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22-blinder\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-22P<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Electronic reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-95-bear\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph16\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-95-bear\/\" class=\"was\">Tupolev Tu-95RTs<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Maritime reconnaissance and targeting<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1963&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>Tu-142<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph17\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Kamov Ka-25<\/td>\n<td>Shipborne anti-submarine helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Ka-27<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Beriev Be-6<\/td>\n<td>Patrol flying boat<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Be-12<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/il-4\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/il-4\/\" class=\"was\">Ilyushin DB-3\/DB-3T and Il-4 (DB-3F)<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Torpedo bomber and long-range bomber<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>57 naval DB-3\/DB-3F aircraft took part in the Berlin raids of August&ndash;September 1941.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/polikarpov-i-16\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/polikarpov-i-16\/\" class=\"was\">Polikarpov I-16<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hurricane\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph18\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hurricane\/\" class=\"was\">Hawker Hurricane<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>1941&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-40-warhawk\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-40-warhawk\/\" class=\"was\">Curtiss P-40E<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"bases\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Air bases<\/div>\n<h2>Where Russian Naval Aviation flies from<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Black pins are active bases, hollow pins the airfields that have closed. <span class=\"imp\">The bases run from the Kola Peninsula, where Severomorsk-1, Severomorsk-3 and Monchegorsk serve the Northern Fleet, to Kamenny Ruchey and Kamchatka in the Far East, with Chernyakhovsk in Kaliningrad Oblast and Saky and Kacha in Crimea.<\/span> Crimea has been under Russian control since 2014; Russia regards Crimea as part of Russia; Ukraine and UN General Assembly resolution 68\/262 regard it as part of Ukraine. Ostrov closed to naval aviation in 2009, and Olenya now belongs to Long-Range Aviation. Entries with no published aerodrome data carry no pin.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><span>Click a pin to open the base page<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"basefind\" data-filter=\"#basetbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air bases\" placeholder=\"Search bases, region, units, aircrafts\" aria-label=\"Search bases, region, units, aircrafts\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"basefind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"basefind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"basetbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Runway<\/th>\n<th>Units and aircraft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr id=\"base-chernyakhovsk\" data-base=\"chernyakhovsk\" data-x=\"active active 132nd Mixed Aviation Division, Baltic Fleet \">\n<td>Chernyakhovsk<span>Kaliningrad Oblast<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>06\/24<\/span>2,500 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>4th Guards Naval Attack Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-30-flanker\/\">Su-30SM\/SM2<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-24-fencer\/\">Su-24M<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/il-28-beagle\/\">Il-28 (1951&ndash;1964)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-28\/\">Yak-28 (1964&ndash;1974)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-kacha\" data-base=\"kacha\" data-x=\"active active Black Sea Fleet naval aviation, Russian Navy \">\n<td>Kacha<span>Sevastopol, Crimea (under Russian control since 2014; Russia regards it as part of Russia, while Ukraine and UN General Assembly resolution 68\/262 regard it as part of Ukraine)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>03\/21<\/span>1,970 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>318th Independent Composite Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span>An-26, Be-12, Tu-134<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>25th Independent Shipborne Anti-submarine Helicopter Regiment<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mi-8<\/a>, Ka-27, Ka-29<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>859th Training Centre for Naval Aviation<\/span>: <span>Training types not listed<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-kamenny-ruchey\" data-base=\"kamenny-ruchey\" data-x=\"active active Pacific Fleet naval aviation \">\n<td>Kamenny Ruchey<span>Khabarovsk Krai<\/span><\/td>\n<td>UHKG<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>12\/30<\/span>3,425 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>568th Guards Composite Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span>Tu-142MR\/MZ\/M3<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>310th Independent Long-Range Anti-Submarine Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span>Tu-142<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>570th Maritime Missile Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-16-badger\/\">Tu-16<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22m-backfire\/\">Tu-22M<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-kipelovo\" data-base=\"kipelovo\" data-x=\"active active Northern Fleet naval aviation \">\n<td>Kipelovo<small>Fedotovo<\/small><span>Vologda Oblast<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Tu-142 anti-submarine unit (2nd Guards aviation group \/ independent anti-submarine squadron)<\/span>: <span>Tu-142MK\/MR\/MZ<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>392nd Independent Long-Range Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-95-bear\/\">Tu-95RTs<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>76th Independent Long-Range Anti-Submarine Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span>Tu-142M<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-monchegorsk\" data-base=\"monchegorsk\" data-x=\"active active 45th Air and Air Defence Forces Army, Northern Fleet \">\n<td>Monchegorsk<span>Murmansk Oblast (Kola Peninsula)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>01\/19<\/span>2,400 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>98th Guards Composite Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-24-fencer\/\">Su-24M\/MR<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-31-foxhound\/\">MiG-31BM<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mi-8MTV<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>174th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-31-foxhound\/\">Yak-28P<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-25-foxbat\/\">MiG-25PDS<\/a>, MiG-31<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-olenya\" data-base=\"olenya\" data-x=\"active active Long-Range Aviation, Russian Aerospace Forces \">\n<td>Olenya<span>Murmansk Oblast (Kola Peninsula)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>924th Guards Maritime Missile Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-16-badger\/\">Tu-16<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22m-backfire\/\">Tu-22M3<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-saky\" data-base=\"saky\" data-x=\"active active Black Sea Fleet naval aviation, Russian Navy \">\n<td>Saky<small>Novofedorivka<\/small><span>Crimea (under Russian control since 2014; Russia regards it as part of Russia, while Ukraine and UN General Assembly resolution 68\/262 regard it as part of Ukraine)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>UKFI<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>04R\/22L<\/span>3,175 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>43rd Independent Naval Shturmovik (Attack) Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-24-fencer\/\">Su-24M\/MR<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-30-flanker\/\">Su-30SM<\/a>, Tu-134<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>299th Instructor-Research Shipborne Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span>Types not listed<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>30th Independent Maritime Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22-blinder\/\">Tu-22P<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-severomorsk-1\" data-base=\"severomorsk-1\" data-x=\"active active Northern Fleet naval aviation (45th Air and Air Defence Forces Army) \">\n<td>Severomorsk-1<small>Vaenga<\/small><span>Murmansk Oblast (Kola Peninsula)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>14\/32<\/span>&mdash; m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>403rd Guards Composite Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span>Il-38\/Il-38N, Il-22<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>830th Independent Shipborne Anti-submarine Helicopter Regiment<\/span>: <span>Ka-27, Ka-29, Ka-31<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>216th Independent Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Squadron<\/span>: <span>Types not listed<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>967th Naval Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-16-badger\/\">Tu-16<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22m-backfire\/\">Tu-22M<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>24th Independent Long-Range Anti-Submarine Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span>Il-38<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>72nd Composite Aviation Regiment, Northern Fleet<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/polikarpov-i-16\/\">I-16<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hurricane\/\">Hurricane<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-40-warhawk\/\">P-40E<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>No. 151 Wing RAF<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hurricane\/\">Hawker Hurricane<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-severomorsk-3\" data-base=\"severomorsk-3\" data-x=\"active active Northern Fleet naval aviation (45th Air and Air Defence Forces Army) \">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/severomorsk-3\/\">Severomorsk-3<\/a><span>Murmansk Oblast (Kola Peninsula)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>ULMV<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>17\/35<\/span>2,500 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>279th Independent Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-33-flanker-d\/\">Su-33<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\">Su-25UTG<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-38-forger\/\">Yak-38 (to 1991)<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>100th Independent Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\">MiG-29KR\/KUBR<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>987th Maritime Missile Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-16-badger\/\">Tu-16<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-yelizovo\" data-base=\"yelizovo\" data-x=\"active active Pacific Fleet naval aviation PKC\">\n<td>Yelizovo<small>Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Airport<\/small><span>Kamchatka Krai<\/span><\/td>\n<td>UHPP<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>865th Fighter Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-31-foxhound\/\">MiG-31B\/BM<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>317th Independent Composite Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span>Il-38N, Tu-16R, Be-6, Mi-4, Be-12 (former)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>175th Independent Shipborne Anti-submarine Helicopter Squadron<\/span>: <span>Ka-27<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-yeysk\" data-base=\"yeysk\" data-x=\"active active 859th Centre for Combat Application and Crew Training of Naval Aviation \">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/yeysk\/\">Yeysk<\/a><span>Krasnodar Krai (Sea of Azov coast)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>URKE<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>08L\/26R<\/span>3,500 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>859th Centre for Combat Application and Crew Training of Naval Aviation<\/span>: <span>Naval aircraft types of the training centre (not listed in the sources)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>190th Mixed Aviation Regiment<\/span>: <span>Types not listed<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Yeysk Higher Military Aviation Institute (aviation group)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/l-39-albatros\/\">L-39<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-ostrov\" data-base=\"ostrov\" data-x=\"active closed Last naval unit: 444th Centre for Combat Use and Retraining of naval aviation personnel \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Ostrov<small>Veretye<\/small><span>Pskov Oblast<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2009<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>444th Centre for Combat Use and Retraining of Naval Aviation Flight Personnel<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22m-backfire\/\">Tu-22M3<\/a>, Tu-142, Il-38<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"basefind\">No air base matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"oob\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Order of battle<\/div>\n<h2>Who is stationed where in the Russian Naval Aviation<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Flying units by base, current units first. <span class=\"imp\">Russian naval flying units are regiments and independent squadrons, from the 279th and 100th shipborne fighter regiments at Severomorsk-3 to the 43rd naval attack regiment at Saky; the Soviet missile-carrier regiments are listed among the former units.<\/span> No. 151 Wing RAF, which handed its Hurricanes to the Northern Fleet at Vaenga in 1941, is marked as not Russian. Where Wikipedia&rsquo;s articles disagree on a unit&rsquo;s designation or command, as at Monchegorsk and Kipelovo, the entry says so.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"unitfind\" data-filter=\"#oobwrap\" data-item=\".oob\" data-noun=\"installations\" placeholder=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" aria-label=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"unitfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"unitfind\"><\/span><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-toggleall=\"#oobwrap\">Expand all<\/button><\/div>\n<div class=\"oobwrap coll\" id=\"oobwrap\">\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Murmansk Oblast (Kola Peninsula) active Northern Fleet naval aviation (45th Air and Air Defence Forces Army)\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/severomorsk-3\/\">Severomorsk-3 Air Base<\/a> &middot; ULMV<\/span><em>Northern Fleet naval aviation<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>279th Independent Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment<small>Carrier fighter regiment &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-33-flanker-d\/\">Su-33<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\">Su-25UTG<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-38-forger\/\">Yak-38 (to 1991)<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>100th Independent Shipborne Fighter Aviation Regiment<small>Carrier fighter regiment &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\">MiG-29KR\/KUBR<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">987th Maritime Missile Aviation Regiment<small>1952&ndash;1993<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Tu-16<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Krasnodar Krai (Sea of Azov coast) active 859th Centre for Combat Application and Crew Training of Naval Aviation\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/yeysk\/\">Yeysk Air Base<\/a> &middot; URKE<\/span><em>859th Centre for Combat Application and Crew Training of Naval Aviation<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>859th Centre for Combat Application and Crew Training of Naval Aviation<small>Training and conversion centre &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Naval aircraft types of the training centre (not listed in the sources)<\/dd>\n<dt>190th Mixed Aviation Regiment<small>Composite aviation regiment &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Types not listed<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Yeysk Higher Military Aviation Institute (aviation group)<\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">L-39<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Crimea (under Russian control since 2014; Russia regards it as part of Russia, while Ukraine and UN General Assembly resolution 68\/262 regard it as part of Ukraine) active Black Sea Fleet naval aviation, Russian Navy\">\n<div><span>Saky (Novofedorivka) &middot; UKFI<\/span><em>Black Sea Fleet naval aviation, Russian Navy<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>43rd Independent Naval Shturmovik (Attack) Aviation Regiment<small>Naval strike regiment &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-24-fencer\/\">Su-24M\/MR<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-30-flanker\/\">Su-30SM<\/a>, Tu-134<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">299th Instructor-Research Shipborne Aviation Regiment<small>1976&ndash;1991<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Types not listed<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">30th Independent Maritime Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment<\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Tu-22P<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Sevastopol, Crimea (under Russian control since 2014; Russia regards it as part of Russia, while Ukraine and UN General Assembly resolution 68\/262 regard it as part of Ukraine) active Black Sea Fleet naval aviation, Russian Navy\">\n<div><span>Kacha &middot; <\/span><em>Black Sea Fleet naval aviation, Russian Navy<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>318th Independent Composite Aviation Regiment<small>Composite regiment &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>An-26, Be-12, Tu-134<\/dd>\n<dt>25th Independent Shipborne Anti-submarine Helicopter Regiment<small>Shipborne helicopter regiment &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mi-8<\/a>, Ka-27, Ka-29<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">859th Training Centre for Naval Aviation<small>1981&ndash;2009<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Training types not listed<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Murmansk Oblast (Kola Peninsula) active Northern Fleet naval aviation (45th Air and Air Defence Forces Army)\">\n<div><span>Severomorsk-1 (Vaenga) &middot; <\/span><em>Northern Fleet naval aviation<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>403rd Guards Composite Aviation Regiment<small>Patrol and command aircraft regiment &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Il-38\/Il-38N, Il-22<\/dd>\n<dt>830th Independent Shipborne Anti-submarine Helicopter Regiment<small>Shipborne helicopter regiment &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Ka-27, Ka-29, Ka-31<\/dd>\n<dt>216th Independent Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Squadron<small>Drone squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Types not listed<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">967th Naval Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment<small>1951&ndash;1993<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Tu-16, Tu-22M<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">24th Independent Long-Range Anti-Submarine Aviation Regiment<small>1971&ndash;1993<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Il-38<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">72nd Composite Aviation Regiment, Northern Fleet<small>1941&ndash;1945<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">I-16, Hurricane, P-40E<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Murmansk Oblast (Kola Peninsula) active 45th Air and Air Defence Forces Army, Northern Fleet\">\n<div><span>Monchegorsk &middot; <\/span><em>45th Air and Air Defence Forces Army, Northern Fleet<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>98th Guards Composite Aviation Regiment<small>Composite regiment &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-24-fencer\/\">Su-24M\/MR<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-31-foxhound\/\">MiG-31BM<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mi-8MTV<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">174th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment<\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Yak-28P, MiG-25PDS, MiG-31<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Murmansk Oblast (Kola Peninsula) active Long-Range Aviation, Russian Aerospace Forces\">\n<div><span>Olenya &middot; <\/span><em>Long-Range Aviation, Russian Aerospace Forces<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt class=\"was\">924th Guards Maritime Missile Aviation Regiment<\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Tu-16, Tu-22M3<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Vologda Oblast active Northern Fleet naval aviation\">\n<div><span>Kipelovo (Fedotovo) &middot; <\/span><em>Northern Fleet naval aviation<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Tu-142 anti-submarine unit (2nd Guards aviation group \/ independent anti-submarine squadron)<small>Long-range anti-submarine unit &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Tu-142MK\/MR\/MZ<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">392nd Independent Long-Range Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment<small>1963&ndash;<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Tu-95RTs<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">76th Independent Long-Range Anti-Submarine Aviation Regiment<small>1970&ndash;<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Tu-142M<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Khabarovsk Krai active Pacific Fleet naval aviation\">\n<div><span>Kamenny Ruchey &middot; UHKG<\/span><em>Pacific Fleet naval aviation<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>568th Guards Composite Aviation Regiment<small>Long-range anti-submarine regiment &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Tu-142MR\/MZ\/M3<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">310th Independent Long-Range Anti-Submarine Aviation Regiment<\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Tu-142<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">570th Maritime Missile Aviation Regiment<\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Tu-16, Tu-22M<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Kamchatka Krai active Pacific Fleet naval aviation\">\n<div><span>Yelizovo (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Airport) &middot; UHPP<\/span><em>Pacific Fleet naval aviation<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>865th Fighter Aviation Regiment<small>Interceptor regiment &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-31-foxhound\/\">MiG-31B\/BM<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>317th Independent Composite Aviation Regiment<small>Anti-submarine and composite regiment &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Il-38N<\/dd>\n<dt>175th Independent Shipborne Anti-submarine Helicopter Squadron<small>Shipborne helicopter squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Ka-27<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Kaliningrad Oblast active 132nd Mixed Aviation Division, Baltic Fleet\">\n<div><span>Chernyakhovsk &middot; <\/span><em>132nd Mixed Aviation Division, Baltic Fleet<\/em><i><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>4th Guards Naval Attack Aviation Regiment<small>Naval strike regiment &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-30-flanker\/\">Su-30SM\/SM2<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-24-fencer\/\">Su-24M<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/il-28-beagle\/\">Il-28 (1951&ndash;1964)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-28\/\">Yak-28 (1964&ndash;1974)<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"unitfind\">No unit matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Russian Naval Aviation milestones, 1914 to today<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1916<\/div>\n<p>17 July (4 July Old Style): the date Russian Naval Aviation keeps as its founding; the first Imperial naval air units were formed in 1912&ndash;1914.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1918<\/div>\n<p>The first regular Soviet naval aviation units are created.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1941<\/div>\n<p>22 June: the fleets other than the Pacific have 1,445 aircraft. 7&ndash;8 August: Baltic Fleet DB-3s from Saaremaa make the first Soviet raid on Berlin; ten raids follow until 5 September.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1942<\/div>\n<p>30 May: Boris Safonov, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, is lost in a P-40E covering convoy PQ-16.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1945<\/div>\n<p>August: the Pacific Fleet, with 1,549 aircraft, joins the war against Japan.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1950<\/div>\n<p>Severomorsk-3 opens near Murmansk; Tu-16 missile carriers arrive in 1952.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1963<\/div>\n<p>Kipelovo (Fedotovo) is built near Vologda for Tu-95RTs reconnaissance aircraft.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1972<\/div>\n<p>December: the Tu-142 long-range anti-submarine aircraft reaches initial operational capability.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1976<\/div>\n<p>11 August: the Yak-38 enters service, eight months after the carrier Kiev was commissioned on 28 December 1975. The NITKA deck trainer takes shape at Saky.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1989<\/div>\n<p>1 November: Viktor Pugachyov makes the first landing of a Su-27K on the carrier now called Admiral Kuznetsov.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1991<\/div>\n<p>20 January: Admiral Kuznetsov is commissioned. The Yak-38 is retired.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1998<\/div>\n<p>1 July: the MiG-31 regiment at Yelizovo, Kamchatka, passes to the Pacific Fleet. 31 August: the Su-33 formally enters service.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2010<\/div>\n<p>1 February: the 859th naval aviation training centre opens at Yeysk, replacing the 444th centre at Ostrov, disbanded on 1 December 2009.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2011<\/div>\n<p>The Northern and Pacific Fleet Tu-22M3 missile bombers are transferred to the Air Force.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2014<\/div>\n<p>Russian forces take control of Saky and the other Crimean bases; on 27 March the UN General Assembly adopts resolution 68\/262 on the territorial integrity of Ukraine.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2016<\/div>\n<p>15 October 2016 to 9 February 2017: Admiral Kuznetsov&rsquo;s cruise off Syria; a MiG-29K and a Su-33 are lost on landing attempts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2022<\/div>\n<p>9 August: explosions at Saky destroy at least eight naval aircraft; Russia called it an accident, Ukraine later said it was a missile strike.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2025<\/div>\n<p>2 May: Ukraine&rsquo;s HUR claims two Su-30SMs shot down by sea drones; 21 September: HUR claims the first hits on Be-12s in Crimea.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Combat record<\/div>\n<h2>Every war Russian Naval Aviation has fought<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Sorties and losses where the record gives them, and an honest blank where it does not.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip dark\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>4<\/b><span>conflicts<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1941<\/b><span>First<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>2<\/b><span>Aircraft lost<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Killed<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"gl cml\">\n<li><b>The Second World War (Great Patriotic War)<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1941&ndash;1945<\/span> Fleet air defence, torpedo and mine attack on shipping, bombing of ports and of Berlin in 1941, convoy cover in the Arctic<\/li>\n<li><b>The Soviet&ndash;Japanese War<\/b> <span class=\"de\">1945<\/span> Support for Pacific Fleet landings and attacks on Japanese shipping and ports<\/li>\n<li><b>The Russian intervention in Syria: Admiral Kuznetsov&rsquo;s cruise<\/b> <span class=\"de\">2016&ndash;2017<\/span> Strikes on armed opposition and Islamic State targets from the carrier and, after December 2016, from Khmeimim Air Base<\/li>\n<li><b>The Russian invasion of Ukraine<\/b> <span class=\"de\">2022&ndash;<\/span> Strike and reconnaissance over southern Ukraine and the Black Sea; patrol against Ukrainian sea drones; anti-submarine and transport helicopters<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cbig\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/russian-naval-aviation\/combat-record\/\">Open the full combat record<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"makers\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The manufacturers<\/div>\n<h2>Who built the Russian Naval Aviation fleet<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every company behind the aircraft on this page has its own page: the story, every type it built, the numbers and the other air forces that fly them.<\/p>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Current fleet and orders<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/sukhoi\/\">Sukhoi<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/antonov\/\">Antonov<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/kamov\/\">Kamov<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/ilyushin\/\">Ilyushin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/mikoyan\/\">Mikoyan<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/mil\/\">Mil<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/tupolev\/\">Tupolev<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/beriev\/\">Beriev<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/stc\/\">Special Technology Centre<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Former fleet<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/yakovlev\/\" class=\"was\">Yakovlev<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/curtiss\/\" class=\"was\">Curtiss<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/hawker\/\" class=\"was\">Hawker<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/polikarpov\/\" class=\"was\">Polikarpov<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"news\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">From the magazine<\/div>\n<h2>Russian Naval Aviation news from Afterburner<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Everything MiGFlug&rsquo;s magazine has published on the Russian Naval Aviation and the aircraft it flies. <span class=\"imp\">This list refreshes itself &mdash; new Afterburner stories appear here automatically.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ngrid\" id=\"newsgrid\" data-cats=\"664,670,666\" data-term=\"russian navy\" data-match=\"russian navy|kuznetsov|soviet navy|su-33|mig-29k(?!.{0,20}india)\" data-reject=\"Airlines|Airways|Air Lines\"><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/russian-navy-bigger-than-uss\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph19\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2014-10-07\">7 October 2014<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Is the Russian Navy bigger than US&rsquo;s?<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">The American Navy is thought of as the world&rsquo;s most powerful, far greater than any other naval force. But now some sources hint&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"nmore\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/\">All stories in Afterburner<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about the Russian Naval Aviation<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What is Russian Naval Aviation called in Russian?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">English Wikipedia gives the Russian name as &#1052;&#1086;&#1088;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1072;&#1074;&#1080;&#1072;&#1094;&#1080;&#1103; &#1042;&#1086;&#1077;&#1085;&#1085;&#1086;-&#1084;&#1086;&#1088;&#1089;&#1082;&#1086;&#1075;&#1086; &#1092;&#1083;&#1086;&#1090;&#1072; &#1056;&#1086;&#1089;&#1089;&#1080;&#1080; (Morskaya aviatsiya Voenno-morskogo flota Rossii), usually shortened to &#1052;&#1086;&#1088;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1072;&#1074;&#1080;&#1072;&#1094;&#1080;&#1103; &#1042;&#1052;&#1060;. It is a branch of the Russian Navy, not of the Aerospace Forces. The Ministry of Defence&rsquo;s own site could not be reached to confirm the official spelling.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What aircraft does Russian Naval Aviation fly?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Fighters and strike aircraft &mdash; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-30-flanker\/\">Su-30SM<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-24-fencer\/\">Su-24<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-31-foxhound\/\">MiG-31BM<\/a> and Su-27SM; the carrier fighters <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-33-flanker-d\/\">Su-33<\/a> and MiG-29KR; Tu-142 and Il-38 anti-submarine aircraft; a handful of Be-12 amphibians; and Ka-27, Ka-29, Ka-31, Mi-8 and Mi-24 helicopters. Exact numbers are not published, and losses since 2022 are not officially confirmed.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does Russia still have an operational aircraft carrier?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No. Admiral Kuznetsov, commissioned on 20 January 1991, has not deployed since its 2016&ndash;2017 Syria cruise. A floating dock sank under it in October 2018 and a fire in December 2019 killed two people; in September 2024 open-source analysts reported its crew reassigned to the army, and in July 2025 repair work was reported suspended, with scrapping under consideration. The Su-33 and MiG-29K regiments remain ashore at Severomorsk-3.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened at Saky air base in August 2022?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">On 9 August 2022 explosions destroyed at least eight aircraft of the Black Sea Fleet&rsquo;s 43rd regiment at Saky in Crimea. Russia&rsquo;s Ministry of Defence called it a munitions accident and said no aircraft were damaged; Ukraine&rsquo;s General Staff claimed nine aircraft and its commander-in-chief said on 7 September that it had been a Ukrainian missile strike. Open-source researchers counted five Su-24s and three Su-30SMs destroyed.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who controls Crimea&rsquo;s naval air bases?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Russia has controlled Saky, Kacha and the other Crimean airfields since early 2014. Russia regards Crimea as part of Russia under a treaty signed on 18 March 2014; Ukraine regards it as occupied Ukrainian territory. UN General Assembly resolution 68\/262 of 27 March 2014, adopted by 100 votes to 11 with 58 abstentions, affirmed Ukraine&rsquo;s territorial integrity and declared the March 2014 referendum invalid.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did Soviet naval aviation really bomb Berlin in 1941?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. On the night of 7&ndash;8 August 1941 Baltic Fleet DB-3 bombers flying from Kagul airfield on Saaremaa made the first Soviet raid on Berlin. English Wikipedia counts 57 naval and 27 army bombers flying ten raids up to 5 September, 50 of them reaching Berlin with about 30 tonnes of bombs. The raids were small, but they came only seven weeks after the German invasion.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why did Russian Naval Aviation lose its Tu-22M bombers?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">In 2011 the Tu-22M3s of the Northern and Pacific fleets were transferred to the Air Force (now the Aerospace Forces), according to English Wikipedia. That ended the naval missile-carrying aviation built up since the 1950s around the Tu-16 and Tu-22M to attack carrier groups with Kh-22 missiles.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Where does Russia train naval pilots?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">At Yeysk on the Sea of Azov, where the 859th Centre for Combat Application and Crew Training of naval aviation opened on 1 February 2010 with units from Ostrov and Kacha. Carrier pilots also trained on NITKA, the shore-based deck replica at Saky in Crimea, built from 1976. Yeysk has been attacked by Ukrainian drones several times since 2024.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Has Russia lost naval aircraft to Ukrainian sea drones?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Ukraine says so. Its military intelligence agency HUR claimed a Mi-8 shot down near Cape Tarkhankut on 31 December 2024 by a Magura V5 armed with R-73 missiles, and two Su-30SMs west of Novorossiysk on 2 May 2025 by Magura V7 drones firing Sidewinders. Russia did not officially comment; Russian sources reported that a crew had been rescued by a cargo ship.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What does the Tu-142 do?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Tu-142 is a long-range anti-submarine version of the Tu-95 bomber that first flew on 18 June 1968 and entered service in December 1972; 100 were built up to 1994. About 29 remain, at Kipelovo near Vologda and Kamenny Ruchey in the Far East. Wikipedia reports two destroyed by Ukrainian drones at Taganrog in May 2026.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is Russian Naval Aviation called in Russian?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"English Wikipedia gives the Russian name as \\u041c\\u043e\\u0440\\u0441\\u043a\\u0430\\u044f \\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u044f \\u0412\\u043e\\u0435\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e-\\u043c\\u043e\\u0440\\u0441\\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e \\u0444\\u043b\\u043e\\u0442\\u0430 \\u0420\\u043e\\u0441\\u0441\\u0438\\u0438 (Morskaya aviatsiya Voenno-morskogo flota Rossii), usually shortened to \\u041c\\u043e\\u0440\\u0441\\u043a\\u0430\\u044f \\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0430\\u0446\\u0438\\u044f \\u0412\\u041c\\u0424. It is a branch of the Russian Navy, not of the Aerospace Forces. The Ministry of Defence\\u2019s own site could not be reached to confirm the official spelling.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What aircraft does Russian Naval Aviation fly?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Fighters and strike aircraft \\u2014 Su-30SM, Su-24, MiG-31BM and Su-27SM; the carrier fighters Su-33 and MiG-29KR; Tu-142 and Il-38 anti-submarine aircraft; a handful of Be-12 amphibians; and Ka-27, Ka-29, Ka-31, Mi-8 and Mi-24 helicopters. Exact numbers are not published, and losses since 2022 are not officially confirmed.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does Russia still have an operational aircraft carrier?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. Admiral Kuznetsov, commissioned on 20 January 1991, has not deployed since its 2016\\u20132017 Syria cruise. A floating dock sank under it in October 2018 and a fire in December 2019 killed two people; in September 2024 open-source analysts reported its crew reassigned to the army, and in July 2025 repair work was reported suspended, with scrapping under consideration. The Su-33 and MiG-29K regiments remain ashore at Severomorsk-3.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened at Saky air base in August 2022?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"On 9 August 2022 explosions destroyed at least eight aircraft of the Black Sea Fleet\\u2019s 43rd regiment at Saky in Crimea. Russia\\u2019s Ministry of Defence called it a munitions accident and said no aircraft were damaged; Ukraine\\u2019s General Staff claimed nine aircraft and its commander-in-chief said on 7 September that it had been a Ukrainian missile strike. Open-source researchers counted five Su-24s and three Su-30SMs destroyed.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who controls Crimea\\u2019s naval air bases?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Russia has controlled Saky, Kacha and the other Crimean airfields since early 2014. Russia regards Crimea as part of Russia under a treaty signed on 18 March 2014; Ukraine regards it as occupied Ukrainian territory. UN General Assembly resolution 68\/262 of 27 March 2014, adopted by 100 votes to 11 with 58 abstentions, affirmed Ukraine\\u2019s territorial integrity and declared the March 2014 referendum invalid.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did Soviet naval aviation really bomb Berlin in 1941?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. On the night of 7\\u20138 August 1941 Baltic Fleet DB-3 bombers flying from Kagul airfield on Saaremaa made the first Soviet raid on Berlin. English Wikipedia counts 57 naval and 27 army bombers flying ten raids up to 5 September, 50 of them reaching Berlin with about 30 tonnes of bombs. The raids were small, but they came only seven weeks after the German invasion.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why did Russian Naval Aviation lose its Tu-22M bombers?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"In 2011 the Tu-22M3s of the Northern and Pacific fleets were transferred to the Air Force (now the Aerospace Forces), according to English Wikipedia. That ended the naval missile-carrying aviation built up since the 1950s around the Tu-16 and Tu-22M to attack carrier groups with Kh-22 missiles.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where does Russia train naval pilots?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"At Yeysk on the Sea of Azov, where the 859th Centre for Combat Application and Crew Training of naval aviation opened on 1 February 2010 with units from Ostrov and Kacha. Carrier pilots also trained on NITKA, the shore-based deck replica at Saky in Crimea, built from 1976. Yeysk has been attacked by Ukrainian drones several times since 2024.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Has Russia lost naval aircraft to Ukrainian sea drones?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Ukraine says so. Its military intelligence agency HUR claimed a Mi-8 shot down near Cape Tarkhankut on 31 December 2024 by a Magura V5 armed with R-73 missiles, and two Su-30SMs west of Novorossiysk on 2 May 2025 by Magura V7 drones firing Sidewinders. Russia did not officially comment; Russian sources reported that a crew had been rescued by a cargo ship.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What does the Tu-142 do?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Tu-142 is a long-range anti-submarine version of the Tu-95 bomber that first flew on 18 June 1968 and entered service in December 1972; 100 were built up to 1994. About 29 remain, at Kipelovo near Vologda and Kamenny Ruchey in the Far East. Wikipedia reports two destroyed by Ukrainian drones at Taganrog in May 2026.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"gallery\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Read the aircraft the Russian Naval Aviation flew<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type with a page in the Book of Beasts, in service first, then by the year it left the fleet.<\/p>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-30-flanker\/\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sukhoi Su-30SM and Su-30SM2<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-24-fencer\/\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sukhoi Su-24M and Su-24MR<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-33-flanker-d\/\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sukhoi Su-33 (Su-27K)<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\"><span class=\"im ph5\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mikoyan MiG-29KR and MiG-29KUBR<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\"><span class=\"im ph6\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sukhoi Su-25UTG<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-31-foxhound\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mikoyan MiG-31B\/BM<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-27-flanker\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sukhoi Su-27SM\/UB<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mil Mi-8<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mil Mi-24<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22-blinder\/\"><span class=\"im ph15\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Tupolev Tu-22P<\/b><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-95-bear\/\"><span class=\"im ph16\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Tupolev Tu-95RTs<\/b><em>1963&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/il-4\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Ilyushin DB-3\/DB-3T and Il-4 (DB-3F)<\/b><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/polikarpov-i-16\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Polikarpov I-16<\/b><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/hawker-hurricane\/\"><span class=\"im ph18\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Hawker Hurricane<span class=\"nflag nf5\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United Kingdom\"><\/span><\/b><em>1941&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-40-warhawk\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Curtiss P-40E<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-22m-backfire\/\"><span class=\"im ph13\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Tupolev Tu-22M2\/M3<\/b><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/tu-16-badger\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Tupolev Tu-16 (Tu-16KS, Tu-16K-10 and others)<\/b><em>1954&ndash;1995<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-38-forger\/\"><span class=\"im ph14\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Yakovlev Yak-38\/Yak-38M<\/b><em>1976&ndash;1991<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/yak-28\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Yakovlev Yak-28<\/b><em>1964&ndash;1974<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/il-28-beagle\/\"><span class=\"im none\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Ilyushin Il-28<\/b><em>1951&ndash;1964<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/digitallibrary.un.org\/record\/767565\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">UN Digital Library: A\/RES\/68\/262 Territorial integrity of Ukraine<\/a><span>Adopted 27 March 2014: 100 in favour, 11 against, 58 abstentions, 24 non-voting.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-10-01. Order of Battle pages are regenerated from a single dataset; if a number here disagrees with a Book of Beasts page, this page is the more recent of the two.<\/p>\n<p class=\"verified\">Photographs: Photo: Dmitry Terekhov from Odintsovo, Russian Federation \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Anna Zvereva from Tallinn, Estonia \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Andrei Shmatko \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: &#1042;&#1083;&#1072;&#1076;&#1080;&#1084;&#1080;&#1088; &#1056;&#1103;&#1073;&#1094;&#1077;&#1074; \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 3.0) &middot; Photo: Alan Wilson \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Colin Cooke Photo \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Anna Zvereva \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Igor Dvurekov \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: Dmitry A. Mottl \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: Fedor Leukhin \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: SDASM Archives \/ Wikimedia Commons (No restrictions) &middot; Photo: U.S. Navy photo 330-CFD-DN-SC-85-10065 \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Aeroprints.com \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: AryanBhutani \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0) &middot; Royal Air Force Hurricane. [[User:Ad Meskens|Ad Meskens You are free to use this picture for any purpose as \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w17-hero-russian-naval-aviation.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w17-ru-t-46.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph3{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w17-ru-t-47.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph4{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w17-ru-t-48.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph5{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w17-ru-t-49.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph6{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w17-ru-t-50.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph7{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w17-ru-t-54.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph8{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w17-ru-t-55.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph9{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w17-ru-t-57.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph10{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w17-ru-t-61.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph11{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w17-ru-t-63.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph12{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w17-ru-t-64.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph13{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w17-ru-t-66.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph14{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w17-ru-t-70.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph15{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w17-ru-t-68.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph16{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w17-ru-t-69.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph17{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w17-ru-t-71.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph18{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/uk-t-f43.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph19{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2014\/09\/Fleet-003-US-VA-Norfolk-20121220-N-ZN152-189-768x417.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .cflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/swiss-canton-flags-sprite-v2.png)!important}#mfam .cf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .cf1{background-position:-22px -2px}#mfam .cf2{background-position:-42px -2px}#mfam .cf3{background-position:-62px -2px}#mfam .cf4{background-position:-82px -2px}#mfam .cf5{background-position:-102px -2px}#mfam .cf6{background-position:-122px -2px}#mfam .cf7{background-position:-142px -2px}#mfam .cf8{background-position:-162px -2px}#mfam .cf9{background-position:-182px -2px}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .nflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aircraft-manufacturer-country-flags-v4.png)!important}#mfam .nf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .nf1{background-position:-24px -2px}#mfam .nf2{background-position:-46px -2px}#mfam .nf3{background-position:-68px -2px}#mfam .nf4{background-position:-90px -2px}#mfam .nf5{background-position:-112px -2px}#mfam .nf6{background-position:-134px -2px}#mfam .nf7{background-position:-156px -2px}#mfam .nf8{background-position:-178px -2px}#mfam .nf9{background-position:-200px -2px}#mfam .nf10{background-position:-222px -2px}<\/style>\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/maplibre-gl\/4.7.1\/maplibre-gl.css\"><script src=\"https:\/\/cdnjs.cloudflare.com\/ajax\/libs\/maplibre-gl\/4.7.1\/maplibre-gl.js\"><\/script><div id=\"oob-pins\" hidden data-z=\"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\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"oob-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"oob-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><div id=\"shr-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"shr-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Order of Battle &middot; Russia Russian Naval Aviation &#1052;&#1086;&#1088;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1072;&#1074;&#1080;&#1072;&#1094;&#1080;&#1103; &#1042;&#1086;&#1077;&#1085;&#1085;&#1086;-&#1084;&#1086;&#1088;&#1089;&#1082;&#1086;&#1075;&#1086; &#1092;&#1083;&#1086;&#1090;&#1072; &#1056;&#1086;&#1089;&#1089;&#1080;&#1080; Russian Naval Aviation, the air arm of the Russian Navy, dates itself to 17 July 1916, inherited the missile bombers, long-range patrol aircraft and carrier fighters of Soviet Naval Aviation in 1991, and in 2026 flies a thinner mix of Su-30SM, Su-24, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":22996,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-29599","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Russian Naval Aviation | MiGFlug<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cz\/vzdusne-sily\/russian-naval-aviation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Russian Naval Aviation | MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Order of Battle &middot; Russia Russian Naval Aviation &#1052;&#1086;&#1088;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1072;&#1074;&#1080;&#1072;&#1094;&#1080;&#1103; &#1042;&#1086;&#1077;&#1085;&#1085;&#1086;-&#1084;&#1086;&#1088;&#1089;&#1082;&#1086;&#1075;&#1086; &#1092;&#1083;&#1086;&#1090;&#1072; &#1056;&#1086;&#1089;&#1089;&#1080;&#1080; Russian Naval Aviation, the air arm of the Russian Navy, dates itself to 17 July 1916, inherited the missile bombers, long-range patrol aircraft and carrier fighters of Soviet Naval Aviation in 1991, and in 2026 flies a thinner mix of Su-30SM, Su-24, [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cz\/vzdusne-sily\/russian-naval-aviation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MiGFlug\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-08T12:50:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/migflug-share-1200x630-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@migflug\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"27 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/russian-naval-aviation\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/russian-naval-aviation\\\/\",\"name\":\"Russian Naval Aviation | MiGFlug\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-02T08:11:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-08T12:50:33+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/russian-naval-aviation\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/russian-naval-aviation\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/russian-naval-aviation\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Startseite\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Air Forces of the World \u2014 Order of Battle\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/air-forces\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Russian Naval Aviation\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"MiGFlug\",\"description\":\"Fly a Jet Fighter Yourself\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"MiGFlug GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/logo-migflug-blue.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/10\\\/logo-migflug-blue.png\",\"width\":200,\"height\":100,\"caption\":\"MiGFlug GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/migflug.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/MiGFlug\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/migflug\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/migflug\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/user\\\/MiGFlug\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/migflug.com\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.ch\\\/migflug\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Russian Naval Aviation | MiGFlug","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cz\/vzdusne-sily\/russian-naval-aviation\/","og_locale":"cs_CZ","og_type":"article","og_title":"Russian Naval Aviation | MiGFlug","og_description":"Order of Battle &middot; Russia Russian Naval Aviation &#1052;&#1086;&#1088;&#1089;&#1082;&#1072;&#1103; &#1072;&#1074;&#1080;&#1072;&#1094;&#1080;&#1103; &#1042;&#1086;&#1077;&#1085;&#1085;&#1086;-&#1084;&#1086;&#1088;&#1089;&#1082;&#1086;&#1075;&#1086; &#1092;&#1083;&#1086;&#1090;&#1072; &#1056;&#1086;&#1089;&#1089;&#1080;&#1080; Russian Naval Aviation, the air arm of the Russian Navy, dates itself to 17 July 1916, inherited the missile bombers, long-range patrol aircraft and carrier fighters of Soviet Naval Aviation in 1991, and in 2026 flies a thinner mix of Su-30SM, Su-24, [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cz\/vzdusne-sily\/russian-naval-aviation\/","og_site_name":"MiGFlug","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/","article_modified_time":"2026-10-08T12:50:33+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":630,"url":"https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/migflug-share-1200x630-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@migflug","twitter_misc":{"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed":"27 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/russian-naval-aviation\/","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/russian-naval-aviation\/","name":"Russian Naval Aviation | MiGFlug","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-10-02T08:11:23+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-08T12:50:33+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/russian-naval-aviation\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"cs","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/russian-naval-aviation\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/russian-naval-aviation\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Startseite","item":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Air Forces of the World \u2014 Order of Battle","item":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Russian Naval Aviation"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/","name":"MiGFlug","description":"Zal\u00e9tejte si sami st\u00edha\u010dkou","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"cs"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#organization","name":"MiGFlug GmbH","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/logo-migflug-blue.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/logo-migflug-blue.png","width":200,"height":100,"caption":"MiGFlug GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MiGFlug\/","https:\/\/x.com\/migflug","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/migflug\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/MiGFlug","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/migflug.com\/","https:\/\/www.pinterest.ch\/migflug\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29599","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29599"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29599\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32712,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/29599\/revisions\/32712"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22996"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/migflug.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29599"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}