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col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt td.note{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td.note{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt td.note{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob-base{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob-base:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .ocx{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .ocx::before,#mfam .ocx::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .ocx::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open .ocx::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:220px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam .pq{margin:0;max-width:900px} #mfam .pq blockquote{margin:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-size:clamp(21px,2.6vw,28px);line-height:1.42;color:#fff;letter-spacing:-.2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:before{content:'\\201C';color:var(--blue);margin-right:2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:after{content:'\\201D';color:var(--blue);margin-left:2px} #mfam .pq figcaption{margin-top:20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6} #mfam .pq figcaption b{color:#fff;font-size:14px} #mfam .pq figcaption span{display:block;color:#7c8697;font-size:13px} #mfam .pq figcaption a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .pqrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:40px;max-width:1120px} #mfam .pqrow .pq blockquote{font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,21px)} #mfam .galgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .galgrid figure{margin:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .galgrid .gim{display:block;height:210px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .galgrid figcaption{padding:14px 16px 16px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .galgrid figcaption b{display:block;color:#0d1117;font-size:14.5px;margin-bottom:4px} #mfam .galgrid figcaption span{display:block;margin-top:7px;font-size:11.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.5} #mfam .galgrid figure.wide{grid-column:span 2} #mfam .galgrid figure.wide .gim{height:300px} #mfam .vidwrap{max-width:900px;margin-top:8px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#0d1117} #mfam .vidfr{position:relative;width:100%;padding-top:56.25%;height:0;display:block} #mfam .vidfr iframe{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0;display:block} #mfam .vidcap{padding:16px 20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6;background:#0d1117} #mfam .vidcap b{display:block;color:#fff;font-size:15px;margin-bottom:4px} #mfam .vidcap a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .reads{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .read{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:22px 22px 24px} #mfam .read:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .read .rk{display:block;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:2px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);margin-bottom:9px} #mfam .read .rh{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;color:#0d1117} #mfam .read:hover .rh{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .read .rp{display:block;font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);line-height:1.6;margin-top:9px} #mfam .read .go{display:block;margin-top:14px;font-size:13px;color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .galgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .reads{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .galgrid,#mfam .reads,#mfam .pqrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .galgrid figure.wide{grid-column:auto}#mfam .galgrid figure.wide .gim{height:210px}} #mfam .kfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .kf{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;padding:24px 24px 26px} #mfam .kf .kfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .kf h3{font-size:19px;line-height:1.25;margin:8px 0 10px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .kf p{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .kf .kff{display:block;margin-top:12px;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:14px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .deep{margin-top:8px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .deep details{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .deep summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;padding:22px 0;display:flex;gap:20px;align-items:baseline;font-size:20px;line-height:1.3;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .deep summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .deep summary .dn{flex:0 0 34px;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.4px;color:var(--blue)} #mfam .deep summary .dx{margin-left:auto;flex:0 0 auto;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1.2px;color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .deep details[open] summary .dx{visibility:hidden} #mfam .deep .dbody{padding:0 0 26px 54px;max-width:860px} #mfam .deep .dbody p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.68;margin-bottom:16px} #mfam .inc{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .inc article{border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--blue);background:#fff;padding:22px 24px 24px} #mfam .inc .incd{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.5px;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .inc h3{font-size:18px;line-height:1.3;margin:7px 0 9px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .inc p{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .inc .incs{display:block;margin-top:11px;font-size:13px} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .kfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .kfgrid,#mfam .inc{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .deep .dbody{padding-left:0}#mfam .deep summary{font-size:18px}} #mfam .satfig{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#eef1f6;overflow:hidden;line-height:0} #mfam .satimg{display:block;width:100%;height:520px;background-position:center;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat} #mfam .satfig{cursor:zoom-in;position:relative}#mfam .satzoom{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;z-index:2;background:rgba(8,11,17,.72);color:#fff;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:9px 14px;line-height:1}#mfam .satlb{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:99999;background:rgba(6,9,14,.95);display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;cursor:zoom-out;padding:24px}#mfam .satlb.on{display:flex}#mfam .satbig{width:96vw;height:90vh;background-position:center;background-size:contain;background-repeat:no-repeat}#mfam .satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/french-air-and-space-force\/\">French Air and Space Force<\/a> &middot; Air base<\/div>\n<h1>Base a&#233;rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Base a&#233;rienne 113 &ldquo;Commandant Antoine de Saint-Exup&#233;ry&rdquo;<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Active (Rafale fighter base and home of the airborne nuclear deterrent)<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>LFSI<\/b><span>ICAO<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>2,412 m<\/b><span>Runway<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1913<\/b><span>Opened<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Active<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Laurab52 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Operator<\/b>French Air and Space Force<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>D&#233;partement<\/b>Haute-Marne<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Elevation<\/b>139 m<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Coordinates<\/b>48.6358 N, 4.8992 E<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Base a&#233;rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson: what it was built for and what flies there now<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<p>Saint-Dizier has been an aerodrome since 1913 and a front-line one for most of the time since. The Germans took it in 1940 and flew fighters and night interceptors from it; the Allies captured it in September 1944, called it Advanced Landing Ground A-64 and put American fighter and reconnaissance groups on it until 1945. Reconstruction finished in 1956 and the base spent the Cold War as a fighter station, first with the Myst&#232;re IV, then the Mirage III and the Jaguar.<\/p>\n<p>Its modern identity dates from 27 June 2006, when the first Rafale squadron in the French air force, escadron de chasse 1\/7 Provence, was declared operational here. Saint-Dizier has been the Rafale&rsquo;s home base ever since, and since 2011 it has been the seat of the airborne nuclear deterrent: two squadrons, the Gascogne and the La Fayette, hold aircraft ready with the ASMPA-R missile under the Forces a&#233;riennes strat&#233;giques. The FAS marked their sixtieth anniversary here on 8 October 2024, and the DGA chose the occasion to launch the new stealth combat drone programme that will fly with the Rafale F5.<\/p>\n<p>It is also the base from which French combat aircraft have most often gone first. Rafales from Saint-Dizier fired the opening shots of the Libyan intervention on 19 March 2011, ahead of every other NATO contributor, and in January 2013 Rafales flew from here direct to Mali &mdash; a nine-hour, 3,000-nautical-mile mission with multiple refuellings &mdash; to strike targets around Gao on the second day of Op&#233;ration Serval.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"sat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Satellite<\/div>\n<h2>Base a&#233;rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson from above<\/h2>\n<div class=\"satfig\" id=\"satfig\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Enlarge the satellite view\">\n<div class=\"satimg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Base a&#233;rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson seen from above\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"satzoom\">Click to enlarge<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satcap\"><b>One runway, 2,412 m of asphalt.<\/b><span>Imagery: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics and the GIS user community<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satlb\" id=\"satlb\"><span class=\"satlbx\">Close<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"satbig\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Base a&#233;rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson seen from above, enlarged\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<style>#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=4.85859,48.62334,4.93981,48.64826\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=1600,743\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}#mfam .satbig{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=4.86102,48.61898,4.93738,48.65262\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=2048,1365\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}@media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=4.88035,48.62334,4.91805,48.64826\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=760,760\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}}<\/style>\n<div id=\"sat-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"sat-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><section class=\"pqband\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"pqrow\">\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>Ce drone de combat furtif, concomitamment au Rafale F5, contribuera &#224; la sup&#233;riorit&#233; technologique et op&#233;rationnelle des ailes fran&#231;aises &#224; partir de 2033.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>&#201;ric Trappier<\/b><span>Pr&#233;sident-directeur g&#233;n&#233;ral de Dassault Aviation, speaking at Saint-Dizier on 8 October 2024 as the stealth combat drone programme was launched during the sixtieth anniversary of the Forces a&#233;riennes strat&#233;giques<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dassault-aviation.com\/en\/group\/press\/press-kits\/unmanned-combat-aerial-vehicle-program-kicks-off-as-part-of-the-rafale-f5-standard\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Dassault Aviation press release, 8 October 2024<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>Il est des unit&#233;s dont le nom, &#224; lui seul, &#233;voque une histoire, un h&#233;ritage et une exigence hors du commun.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>G&#233;n&#233;ral de corps a&#233;rien St&#233;phane Virem<\/b><span>Commandant des forces a&#233;riennes strat&#233;giques, reading the order of the day at Saint-Dizier on 14 April 2026 for the 110th anniversary of the La Fayette squadron<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defense.gouv.fr\/air\/actualites\/lescadron-chasse-fayette-fete-110-ans-dengagement\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Minist&#232;re des Arm&#233;es: L&rsquo;escadron de chasse La Fayette f&#234;te 110 ans d&rsquo;engagement, 15 April 2026<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Base a&#233;rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Location &amp; codes<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>ICAO<\/dt>\n<dd>LFSI<\/dd>\n<dt>Country<\/dt>\n<dd>France<\/dd>\n<dt>D&#233;partement<\/dt>\n<dd>Haute-Marne<\/dd>\n<dt>Coordinates<\/dt>\n<dd>48.6358 N, 4.8992 E<\/dd>\n<dt>Elevation<\/dt>\n<dd>139 m <span class=\"imp\">(456 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Usage<\/dt>\n<dd>Military<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Runways &amp; facilities<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Runways<\/dt>\n<dd>1<\/dd>\n<dt>Designator<\/dt>\n<dd>11\/29<\/dd>\n<dt>Length<\/dt>\n<dd>2,412 m <span class=\"imp\">(7,913 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Surface<\/dt>\n<dd>Asphalt<\/dd>\n<dt>Cavern hangars<\/dt>\n<dd>No<\/dd>\n<dt>Quick Reaction Alert<\/dt>\n<dd>Permanent nuclear alert under the Forces a&#233;riennes strat&#233;giques, plus air policing alert for the posture de s&#251;ret&#233; a&#233;rienne<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Command &amp; status<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>Active<span class=\"gnote\">Rafale fighter base and home of the airborne nuclear deterrent<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Operator<\/dt>\n<dd>French Air and Space Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Opened<\/dt>\n<dd>1913<\/dd>\n<dt>Military use ended<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Command<\/dt>\n<dd>4e escadre de chasse<\/dd>\n<dt>Resident units<\/dt>\n<dd>4 current, 1 former<\/dd>\n<dt>Based types<\/dt>\n<dd>2<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"units\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Resident units<\/div>\n<h2>Who flies from Base a&#233;rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oob\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Current<\/span><em>4 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Escadron de chasse 1\/4 Gascogne<small>Gascogne &middot; Nuclear-capable fighter squadron &middot; active &middot; from 2009<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/rafale\/\">Dassault Rafale B<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Escadron de chasse 2\/4 La Fayette<small>La Fayette &middot; Nuclear-capable fighter squadron &middot; active &middot; from 2015<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/rafale\/\">Dassault Rafale B<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Escadron de transformation Rafale 3\/4 Aquitaine<small>Aquitaine &middot; Rafale conversion squadron &middot; active &middot; from 2010<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/rafale\/\">Dassault Rafale B\/C<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Escadron de soutien technique a&#233;ronautique 15\/004 &ldquo;Haute-Marne&rdquo;<small>Aircraft maintenance squadron &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Former<\/span><em>1 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt class=\"was\">Escadron de chasse 1\/7 Provence<small>1973&ndash;2016 &middot; At Saint-Dizier on the Jaguar from May 1973 and the first French front-line squadron on the Rafale from 2006; left on 24 June 2016.<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/rafale\/\" class=\"was\">Dassault Rafale C<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Aircraft types based here<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/rafale\/\">Dassault Rafale B<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/rafale\/\">Dassault Rafale B\/C<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/rafale\/\" class=\"was\">Dassault Rafale C<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"knownfor\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Claim to fame<\/div>\n<h2>What Base a&#233;rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson is known for<\/h2>\n<div class=\"kfgrid\">\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">01<\/div>\n<h3>The first Rafale base<\/h3>\n<p>Saint-Dizier flew the Dassault Rafale before anyone else in the Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace (French Air and Space Force). The last SEPECAT Jaguar left French service here on 1 July 2005 and the first Rafale landed on the same runway eleven months later. The base has been the type&rsquo;s home ever since, and it still holds the schoolhouse: escadron de transformation Rafale 3\/4 Aquitaine (Rafale conversion squadron) converts air force and naval aviation crews and trains export customers.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Twenty Rafale B and C were on strength with escadron de chasse 1\/7 Provence by January 2007, seven months after the first aircraft arrived on 27 June 2006.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">02<\/div>\n<h3>The airborne deterrent lives here<\/h3>\n<p>Two squadrons at Saint-Dizier &mdash; escadron de chasse 1\/4 Gascogne and escadron de chasse 2\/4 La Fayette (nuclear-capable fighter squadrons) &mdash; carry the ASMPA-R stand-off missile for the Forces a&#233;riennes strat&#233;giques (Strategic Air Forces). It is one of only three French air bases the air force classes as strategic, and the only one where the whole airborne nuclear mission &mdash; aircraft, missile store and crews &mdash; sits on a single field.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The ASMP-A was declared operational on the Rafale at Saint-Dizier on 1 July 2010; its renovated successor, the ASMPA-R, entered service on 10 November 2025.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">03<\/div>\n<h3>Poker, four times a year<\/h3>\n<p>A Poker is the Forces a&#233;riennes strat&#233;giques rehearsing a complete nuclear raid across France with an inert weapon: tankers up at dusk, a join over Brittany, a transit down the Bay of Biscay, across the Pyrenees, a last refuelling over the Mediterranean, then a fight through simulated enemy fighters and surface-to-air missiles over the Massif Central before a mock launch. Saint-Dizier&rsquo;s Rafale B are the aircraft the whole thing is built around.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Poker runs four times a year and can involve up to 50 aircraft; the edition of 16&ndash;17 March 2026 used about 40.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">04<\/div>\n<h3>The Jaguar house<\/h3>\n<p>The 7e escadre de chasse (7th Fighter Wing) moved in during May 1973 as the first wing in the world to convert to the Anglo-French Jaguar, and Saint-Dizier stayed the type&rsquo;s spiritual home for thirty-two years. Its squadrons held tactical nuclear alert with the AN-52 bomb, fought in Mauritania, Chad, Kuwait and the Balkans, and flew the last French Jaguar sortie from this runway.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Around 1,700 French pilots were trained on the Jaguar at Saint-Dizier between 1973 and its retirement on 1 July 2005.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">05<\/div>\n<h3>Where French campaigns tend to start<\/h3>\n<p>When France goes first, the aircraft usually leave from here. Eight Rafale from Saint-Dizier opened the air operation over Libya on 19 March 2011, hours ahead of the first allied cruise missiles. Four more flew from Saint-Dizier to Mali and back on the second day of Op&#233;ration Serval. Five took off from the base for Op&#233;ration Hamilton against Syrian chemical-weapons sites in April 2018.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The Mali raid of 13 January 2013 lasted 9 hours 35 minutes and put 18 GBU-12 laser-guided bombs on targets around Gao.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">06<\/div>\n<h3>Saint-Exup&#233;ry&rsquo;s base<\/h3>\n<p>The base&rsquo;s formal name is Base a&#233;rienne 113 &ldquo;Commandant Antoine de Saint-Exup&#233;ry&rdquo;. The choice was made in 1956 by the base commander, Colonel Ren&#233; Gavoille, who had flown with the writer in groupe de reconnaissance 2\/33 (reconnaissance group) and commanded it when Saint-Exup&#233;ry disappeared in 1944. Saint-Exup&#233;ry spent the phoney war at Orconte, a farm strip about fifteen kilometres away, and wrote about that winter in <em>Pilote de guerre<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Saint-Exup&#233;ry arrived at Orconte on 3 December 1939; the memorial stele on the base was unveiled on 29 March 1957.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"deep\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Go deeper<\/div>\n<h2>The long version<\/h2>\n<div class=\"deep\">\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">01<\/span><span>How Saint-Dizier became the Rafale&rsquo;s first home<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>On 1 July 2005 the SEPECAT Jaguar was withdrawn from French service, and the ceremony was held at Saint-Dizier because Saint-Dizier was where the type had lived since 1973. Escadron de chasse 1\/7 Provence (fighter squadron) handed in its Jaguar A and E and waited. Eleven months later, on 27 June 2006, the first Dassault Rafale built for a front-line French fighter squadron landed on runway 11\/29. The arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air had taken Rafale before &mdash; the evaluation unit at Mont-de-Marsan had them first &mdash; but this was the aircraft arriving where it would be flown in anger.<\/p>\n<p>The build-up was quick. By January 2007 the Provence had twenty Rafale B and C on charge. On 12 March 2007 three of them flew to Dushanbe in Tajikistan, and two days later they were over Afghanistan. On 28 March 2007 a Saint-Dizier Rafale dropped the type&rsquo;s first bomb in combat, a GBU-12 laser-guided weapon in support of Dutch troops, with the laser held by a naval Super &#201;tendard. For an aircraft that had spent twenty years being accused of never having fought, that fortnight settled the argument.<\/p>\n<p>The base also became the schoolhouse. Escadron de transformation Rafale 2\/92 Aquitaine was stood up at Saint-Dizier on 6 October 2010 and redesignated escadron de transformation Rafale 3\/4 Aquitaine on 1 September 2016. It converts air force pilots and weapon systems officers, it converts Marine nationale (French Navy) crews, and it trains the crews of export customers &mdash; which is why a naval Rafale M is normally parked among the air force jets in Haute-Marne.<\/p>\n<p>It was here, too, that Capitaine Claire M&#233;rouze became the first woman in the world to fly the Rafale. Posted to Saint-Dizier in January 2012, the daughter of a Mirage IV navigator, she converted on the Aquitaine and joined the Provence, the twelfth Frenchwoman to hold a fighter pilot&rsquo;s brevet. The Provence itself left on 24 June 2016, moving permanently to Al Dhafra in the United Arab Emirates and swapping places with escadron de chasse 3\/30 Lorraine, which passed through Saint-Dizier on its way to Mont-de-Marsan.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">02<\/span><span>What the nuclear mission at Saint-Dizier actually consists of<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>France has three nuclear components. The ballistic missile submarines of the Force oc&#233;anique strat&#233;gique carry the strategic weight; the Force a&#233;ronavale nucl&#233;aire puts an ASMPA-R missile on carrier Rafale M; and the Forces a&#233;riennes strat&#233;giques, created on 14 January 1964, fly the land-based air-delivered weapon. The FAS took their first alert on 8 October 1964 with a Mirage IV and an AN-11 bomb, and have not been off alert since. The air component is now two squadrons, and both of them are at Saint-Dizier.<\/p>\n<p>Escadron de chasse 1\/4 Gascogne inherits the number plate of the first nuclear squadron France ever had &mdash; the Mirage IV unit that dropped the country&rsquo;s first air-delivered atomic bomb during Op&#233;ration Tamour&#233; on 19 July 1966. It was re-raised on the Rafale B at Saint-Dizier in 2009, and on 1 July 2010 the ASMP-A missile was declared operational on the Rafale F3 here. Escadron de chasse 2\/4 La Fayette, whose lineage runs to the American volunteers of 1916 and whose aircraft carry a Sioux head, received its first Rafale B at Saint-Dizier in August 2015 and completed the change at a ceremony on 29 August 2018. That day ended the Mirage 2000N era and made the airborne deterrent all-Rafale.<\/p>\n<p>The weapon is a ramjet missile: roughly 5.4 metres long, 840 kilograms, about Mach 3, a reach of the order of 500 kilometres, carrying a t&#234;te nucl&#233;aire a&#233;roport&#233;e (airborne nuclear warhead) of about 300 kilotonnes. The renovated ASMPA-R first flew from a Rafale in an operational exercise on 22 May 2024 and was declared in service on 10 November 2025. Its successor, the hypersonic ASN4G, is expected around 2035.<\/p>\n<p>What makes the base different is the plumbing. Between 2008 and 2012 France reorganised its special munitions depots; of five, three were rebuilt as d&#233;p&#244;ts vecteurs ASMPA &mdash; at Istres, Avord and Saint-Dizier &mdash; and two were closed. Missile bodies live in the depot and are issued to the squadron; warheads are kept separately in their own guarded zone. France does not confirm where warheads sit, and nothing here should be read as saying that it does. What is published is the structure: three bases the air force calls strategic, one of which parks the aircraft, the missiles and the crews on the same field.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">03<\/span><span>Poker: the raid France rehearses four times a year<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The Forces a&#233;riennes strat&#233;giques run about seventy training events a year. Two of them matter more than the rest. The first is called Banco. Real ASMPA-R missiles come out of the depot and go under real Rafale, the crews go to the cockpit, and the exercise ends with the aircraft loaded and the pilots strapped in, waiting for an order that does not come. General Bruno Maigret, then commanding the FAS, told the Assembl&#233;e nationale defence committee in 2019 that this often happens after a week spent in buried command posts waiting. The aircraft never take off with a live weapon: flying with a real nuclear weapon is forbidden in France in peacetime. Banco is run roughly twice a year and touches nearly every warhead the FAS hold.<\/p>\n<p>The second is Poker, and Poker is the flight. Four times a year the FAS mount a complete nuclear raid with an inert missile &mdash; a full-size mock-up under the aircraft. A typical profile has the Airbus A330 MRTT Ph&#233;nix tankers lifting off at dusk, the Rafale B of the 4e escadre de chasse (4th Fighter Wing) and their escorts joining them at high level over Brittany, a first refuelling, then a transit out over the Bay of Biscay, across the Pyrenees and into the Mediterranean. A last top-up, and the package fights its way through a simulated enemy &mdash; other French fighters and real ground-based air defences &mdash; over the Massif Central and central France, penetrates at very low level and makes a fictitious launch.<\/p>\n<p>Poker can involve up to fifty aircraft plus ground troops deploying air defences and securing the bases used. It is not secret. NOTAMs go out in advance, and tankers and AWACS are visible on public flight-tracking sites, which is part of the point: a deterrent nobody can see working is not deterring anybody. The edition of 16&ndash;17 March 2026 used about forty aircraft, Rafale B from Saint-Dizier, Ph&#233;nix from Istres and a Boeing E-3F for the air picture, across airspace from Brittany to the Massif Central.<\/p>\n<p>There are smaller relatives. Belote is a reduced Poker. Excalibur is a live firing of an inert ASMP-A. And the FAS periodically stretch the geography to make a point: in January 2019 two Rafale flew more than 9,000 kilometres from La R&#233;union to metropolitan France in a raid lasting over twelve hours, escorted by Mirage 2000 and opposed by simulated hostile aircraft.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">04<\/span><span>The Jaguar years, and the tactical nuclear alert nobody talks about<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The 7e escadre de chasse arrived from Nancy-Ochey in May 1973, the first wing anywhere to convert to the Anglo-French SEPECAT Jaguar. Three squadrons flew from Saint-Dizier: escadron de chasse 1\/7 Provence from 1973 to 2005, escadron de chasse 3\/7 Languedoc from 1973 to 2001, and escadron de chasse 2\/7 Argonne, the training unit, from 1974 to 2001. Two of the three were nuclear squadrons. Their war role until 1993 was the AN-52 free-fall tactical bomb, France&rsquo;s &ldquo;final warning&rdquo; weapon, and the Provence took its first nuclear alert on 1 September 1974.<\/p>\n<p>It had earned it the hard way. On 25 July 1974 a Jaguar A of the Provence released an AN-52 in the test called Maquis, an 8-kilotonne shot carrying an experimental core intended for Pluton warheads. It was the last of only three French nuclear tests ever conducted by dropping a weapon from an aeroplane.<\/p>\n<p>The conventional record is long. From November 1977 to May 1978 French Jaguars flew from Dakar against Polisario columns in Mauritania in Op&#233;ration Lamantin. They were in Chad almost continuously &mdash; Tacaud, Manta, &#201;pervier &mdash; including the raid on the Libyan airfield at Ouadi Doum on 16 February 1986 and the strike on its radars on 7 January 1987. At least four aircraft and two pilots were lost in the Chadian operations.<\/p>\n<p>The best-known mission is also the worst. On 17 January 1991 Jaguars flew the French air force&rsquo;s first offensive mission of the Gulf War, against the Kuwaiti airfield at Al-Jaber, with 250-kilogram bombs and BLG-66 B&#233;louga cluster munitions. The run-in was at thirty metres. On the way out the formation crossed an Iraqi command post at seven metres that was not marked on anybody&rsquo;s chart; four aircraft were hit by anti-aircraft fire and every subsequent French mission was flown higher. French Jaguars finished the war with 615 sorties and 1,088 flying hours. Turkey, Rwanda, Bosnia and Kosovo followed. The 7e escadre itself was dissolved on 22 June 1995 when the arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air abolished the wing level, but its squadrons kept flying, and the type bowed out at Saint-Dizier on 1 July 2005 with about 1,700 French pilots trained on it there.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">05<\/span><span>Robinson field: 1913, the occupation, the Americans and the Mirage IV<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>An aeroplane came down near Saint-Dizier in August 1910 and drew a crowd, and the townspeople &mdash; the bragards &mdash; formed an aviation committee to build a field and give it to the ministry of war. The terrain de Robinson was formally inaugurated on 24 August 1913. Military aviation returned in September 1939, and a succession of fighter and reconnaissance groups used it until June 1940. Fifteen kilometres away at Orconte, Antoine de Saint-Exup&#233;ry arrived on 3 December 1939 to fly with groupe de reconnaissance 2\/33; the winter he spent in an unheated farmhouse there became <em>Pilote de guerre<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The Germans held the field until August 1944 and used it hard: Jagdgeschwader 54 with Bf 109E in 1941, Nachtjagdgeschwader 4 with Bf 110 and Do 217 night fighters from 1942 to 1944, Jagdgeschwader 27 in 1943, NJG 1 and NJG 5 in 1944, Jagdgeschwader 301 in June 1944, and in June and July 1944 Kampfgeschwader 101 with Ju 88 and the extraordinary Mistel composite &mdash; an unmanned explosive-filled bomber flown from a fighter mounted on its back &mdash; in the weeks when the Mistel was first used against the invasion fleet off Normandy.<\/p>\n<p>American forces took the airfield in September 1944 and ran it as Advanced Landing Ground A-64. Headquarters 100th Fighter Wing sat there from September to December 1944, and the 27th, 367th and 405th Fighter Groups flew P-47 Thunderbolts from it alongside the 10th Reconnaissance Group. It went back to French control on 5 July 1945.<\/p>\n<p>Reconstruction began in 1949 and Base a&#233;rienne 113 was formally created in 1951, the rebuild finishing in 1956 with a jet runway and modern hangars. That same year Colonel Ren&#233; Gavoille, commanding the base, chose his old comrade Saint-Exup&#233;ry as its patron; the memorial stele was unveiled on 29 March 1957. Then came the bomb. In 1965 escadron de bombardement 2\/94 Marne (bomber squadron) formed at Saint-Dizier with six Dassault Mirage IVA, one of nine Mirage IV squadrons dispersed across France, and held nuclear alert from the base until it was dissolved on 1 July 1988. Saint-Dizier has therefore been a nuclear base, in one form or another, for sixty years.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">06<\/span><span>Saint-Dizier in 2026: fleet arithmetic, a second nuclear base, and 2,024 people<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The base today is the 4e escadre de chasse, reformed at Saint-Dizier on 26 August 2015: the Gascogne, the La Fayette, the Aquitaine conversion squadron and escadron de soutien technique a&#233;ronautique 15\/4 Haute-Marne (aircraft maintenance squadron). It also has its own ground-based air defence unit, escadron de d&#233;fense sol-air 5\/950 Barrois, with the Franco-Italian SAMP\/T Mamba and Aster 30 missiles &mdash; a rare thing for a French air base, and an obvious thing for this one. The Barrois fired its first operational Mamba round at the DGA range at Biscarrosse on 20 May 2014.<\/p>\n<p>The arithmetic is tight. The arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace had 109 Rafale in 2024 against a planning-law target of 225 combat aircraft by 2035, and 24 of its Rafale had already gone to Greece and Croatia. General J&#233;r&#244;me Bellanger, the chief of staff, said in 2025 that the service was over-using its Rafale by fifteen per cent to hold its operational contracts. The nuclear squadrons are protected inside that squeeze rather than exempt from it: twenty of the forty-two aircraft ordered in January 2024 have been deferred to 2033&ndash;34 so that they arrive in the F5 standard, the standard that will carry the ASN4G.<\/p>\n<p>Saint-Dizier will soon stop being the only airborne nuclear base. Base a&#233;rienne 116 Luxeuil-Saint-Sauveur is being rebuilt from 2027 to 2035 for at least 1.5 billion euros to take two new nuclear Rafale squadrons and a depot for the ASN4G, roughly doubling its population to about 2,000. Saint-Dizier keeps its own role, and gained a piece of the future on 8 October 2024, when the Forces a&#233;riennes strat&#233;giques marked sixty years on the base and the minister used the occasion to launch the stealth combat drone that will fly alongside the Rafale F5.<\/p>\n<p>It remains a large employer in a thin part of France. An INSEE study published in October 2024 counted 2,024 people working on the base &mdash; 1,932 military and 92 civilians &mdash; plus 192 reservists, and found that close to 3,800 people across a 110-commune area draw income from it, roughly one resident in twenty. The base is also learning to look up: in early September 2026 the air force trialled a tethered surveillance balloon flown at about 200 metres over the field, with an electro-optical and infrared sensor feeding the protection squadron directly &mdash; a plain answer to the drone incursions troubling NATO nuclear-related sites.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Base a&#233;rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1913<\/div>\n<p>24 August: the terrain de Robinson, built by a committee of Saint-Dizier townspeople and offered to the ministry of war, is officially inaugurated. An aeroplane had first come down near the town in August 1910.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1940<\/div>\n<p>June: the Germans take the field after French fighter and reconnaissance groups have used it since September 1939. Luftwaffe day and night fighters fly from it until August 1944, and Kampfgeschwader 101 brings Ju 88 and the Mistel composite bomber in June and July 1944.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1944<\/div>\n<p>September: American forces capture the airfield and operate it as Advanced Landing Ground A-64, with P-47 Thunderbolt fighter groups and a reconnaissance group. It returns to French control on 5 July 1945.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1956<\/div>\n<p>Reconstruction begun in 1949 is complete; Base a&#233;rienne 113 had been formally created in 1951. Colonel Ren&#233; Gavoille, commanding the base and an old comrade of Antoine de Saint-Exup&#233;ry in groupe de reconnaissance 2\/33, chooses the writer as the base&rsquo;s patron. The memorial stele follows on 29 March 1957.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1965<\/div>\n<p>Escadron de bombardement 2\/94 Marne forms at Saint-Dizier with six Dassault Mirage IVA and holds nuclear alert from the base until the squadron is dissolved on 1 July 1988.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1973<\/div>\n<p>May: the 7e escadre de chasse arrives from Nancy-Ochey as the first wing in the world to convert to the SEPECAT Jaguar. Escadron de chasse 1\/7 Provence and escadron de chasse 3\/7 Languedoc take the nuclear strike role, joined by escadron de chasse 2\/7 Argonne in 1974.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1974<\/div>\n<p>25 July: a Jaguar A of the Provence drops an AN-52 bomb in the 8-kilotonne test Maquis, the last of only three French nuclear tests conducted by air drop. The squadron takes its first nuclear alert on 1 September.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1991<\/div>\n<p>17 January: Jaguars fly the French air force&rsquo;s first offensive mission of the Gulf War, against Al-Jaber in Kuwait, running in at thirty metres; four aircraft are hit by ground fire. French Jaguars end the war with 615 sorties.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2005<\/div>\n<p>1 July: the Jaguar is withdrawn from French service at Saint-Dizier after thirty-two years, some 1,700 French pilots having trained on it there. The 7e escadre de chasse had itself been dissolved on 22 June 1995.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2006<\/div>\n<p>27 June: the first Dassault Rafale for a front-line French fighter squadron lands at Saint-Dizier. By January 2007 escadron de chasse 1\/7 Provence has twenty; on 12 March 2007 three fly to Dushanbe, and on 28 March a Saint-Dizier Rafale drops the type&rsquo;s first bomb in combat over Afghanistan.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2010<\/div>\n<p>1 July: the ASMP-A nuclear missile is declared operational on the Rafale F3 at Saint-Dizier, nine months after entering service on the Mirage 2000N at Istres. On 6 October the Rafale conversion squadron, escadron de transformation Rafale 2\/92 Aquitaine, stands up on the base.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2011<\/div>\n<p>19 March: eight Rafale from Saint-Dizier open the air campaign over Libya at 12:30 UTC, six and a half hours in the air for two and a half hours on task. The last four return to the base on 4 November.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2013<\/div>\n<p>13 January: four Rafale fly from Saint-Dizier over Spain and Morocco to strike camps and depots around Gao in Mali on the second day of Op&#233;ration Serval, a mission of 9 hours 35 minutes, and recover to N&rsquo;Djamena.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2015<\/div>\n<p>26 August: the 4e escadre de chasse is reformed at Saint-Dizier, bringing the Gascogne, the La Fayette and the Aquitaine under one wing. Escadron de chasse 2\/4 La Fayette receives its first Rafale B on the base that month.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2018<\/div>\n<p>13&ndash;14 April: five Rafale B of the Gascogne take off from Saint-Dizier for Op&#233;ration Hamilton and fire nine SCALP-EG cruise missiles at Syrian chemical-weapons sites. On 29 August a ceremony on the base marks the La Fayette&rsquo;s completed change to the Rafale, making the airborne deterrent all-Rafale.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2024<\/div>\n<p>14 August: two Rafale of the conversion squadron collide over Meurthe-et-Moselle and two aircrew are killed. 8 October: the Forces a&#233;riennes strat&#233;giques mark sixty years at Saint-Dizier, and the minister launches the stealth combat drone programme for the Rafale F5.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>The ASMPA-R, declared operational on 10 November 2025, is the base&rsquo;s weapon. Poker 2026-01 flies on 16&ndash;17 March with about forty aircraft; the La Fayette marks 110 years on 14 April; a tethered anti-drone surveillance balloon is trialled in September, and the base opens its gates on 12&ndash;13 September.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"incidents\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Incidents &amp; stories<\/div>\n<h2>What happened here<\/h2>\n<div class=\"inc\">\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">25 July 1974<\/div>\n<h3>The last French nuclear bomb ever dropped from an aeroplane came off a Saint-Dizier Jaguar<\/h3>\n<p>France conducted only three nuclear tests in which the weapon was released from an aircraft, and the third and last was the shot called Maquis on 25 July 1974. The aeroplane was a SEPECAT Jaguar A of escadron de chasse 1\/7 Provence, newly arrived at Saint-Dizier; the weapon was an AN-52 free-fall bomb carrying an experimental core intended for the warheads of the Pluton battlefield missile. The yield was 8 kilotonnes. Five weeks later, on 1 September 1974, the squadron took its first operational nuclear alert &mdash; the beginning of an unbroken run of nuclear duty at Saint-Dizier that has now lasted more than half a century.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Escadron_de_chasse_1\/7_Provence\">Escadron de chasse 1\/7 Provence, unit history<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">17 January 1991<\/div>\n<h3>Seven metres over an Iraqi command post nobody had drawn on the map<\/h3>\n<p>The French air force&rsquo;s first offensive mission of the Gulf War was flown by Jaguars against the Kuwaiti airfield at Al-Jaber, suspected of holding Iraqi Scud missiles, with 250-kilogram bombs and BLG-66 B&#233;louga cluster munitions. The run-in was made at thirty metres. Coming off the target the formation crossed, at seven metres, a heavily defended Iraqi command post that appeared on none of their charts. Four aircraft were hit by anti-aircraft fire. Every French mission after that one was flown higher. French Jaguars finished the war with 615 sorties and 1,088 flying hours, and the low-level doctrine the type had been built around effectively ended that morning.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SEPECAT_Jaguar\">SEPECAT Jaguar, French operational history<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">6 December 2007<\/div>\n<h3>The first French air force Rafale lost, and the first pilot killed<\/h3>\n<p>Capitaine Emmanuel Moriuser of escadron de chasse 1\/7 Provence was killed when Rafale B number 316 came down near Neuvic in the Corr&#232;ze during an air-to-air combat training mission. He was four days past his thirty-fourth birthday. The investigation attributed the accident to spatial disorientation: a sensory illusion cost the pilot his altitude reference and the recovery was begun too late. It was the first loss of a French air force Rafale and the first fatality on the type in French service, eighteen months after the aircraft had arrived at Saint-Dizier. A stele at Neuvic carries his name and the aircraft&rsquo;s number.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aerosteles.net\/stelefr-neuvic-rafale\">A&#233;rost&#232;les: st&#232;le du capitaine Emmanuel Moriuser, Neuvic<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">19 March 2011<\/div>\n<h3>France goes first over Libya, from a runway in the Haute-Marne<\/h3>\n<p>Air operations over Libya began at 12:30 UTC on 19 March 2011 with a patrol of eight Rafale out of Saint-Dizier, two of them carrying Reco-NG reconnaissance pods, working with two Mirage 2000D from Nancy, six Mirage 2000-5 from Dijon, six KC-135FR tankers from Istres and a Boeing E-3F. The fighters flying from France were airborne for six and a half hours for two and a half hours on task, and destroyed government armour outside Benghazi hours before the first allied cruise missiles were fired. By 11 April there were nine Saint-Dizier Rafale forward at Solenzara in Corsica. The last four came home on 4 November 2011.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Op%C3%A9ration_Harmattan\">Op&#233;ration Harmattan, chronology and order of battle<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">13 January 2013<\/div>\n<h3>Nine hours thirty-five to Gao and no way home<\/h3>\n<p>On the second day of Op&#233;ration Serval the ministry announced that three Rafale B and one Rafale C had left Saint-Dizier to bomb Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb positions near Gao in northern Mali. The mission had been planned before Algeria granted overflight rights, so the formation routed over Spain and Morocco instead, refuelling repeatedly. Three of the four aircraft released a total of eighteen GBU-12 laser-guided bombs on training camps, logistics depots and rear-base infrastructure; the fourth kept its AASM weapons. The flight lasted 9 hours 35 minutes and ended not at Saint-Dizier but at N&rsquo;Djamena in Chad. Two of the aircraft did not get back to the Haute-Marne until 16 April.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Op%C3%A9ration_Serval\">Op&#233;ration Serval, air strikes of 12&ndash;13 January 2013<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">20 March 2019<\/div>\n<h3>The passenger who ejected himself, and the pilot whose own seat did not fire<\/h3>\n<p>A 64-year-old executive of a French defence firm was given a surprise Rafale flight by his colleagues, who deliberately told him nothing in advance. He had never flown in a military aircraft. The medical check was done hours before take-off instead of ten days ahead, and the doctor&rsquo;s limit of +3g was never passed to the pilot. Shortly after departure the pilot climbed at 47 degrees, pulling about +4g, then pushed over to level off at about 0.6g negative. Loosely strapped and entirely unprepared for negative g, the passenger grabbed the ejection handle and pulled it. His seat fired; the pilot&rsquo;s did not, because of a defect in the pyrotechnic sequencer that should have ejected him too. The passenger lost his helmet on the way out and his liferaft failed to inflate, but he survived. The pilot, now flying a canopy-less and asymmetric aircraft, squawked 7700, avoided populated areas, dumped fuel and landed back at Base a&#233;rienne 113.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.defense.gouv.fr\/bea-e\/rapports-denquete\/rapports-denquete-securite-2019\/rapport-denquete-securite-2019-03-i\">Bureau enqu&#234;tes accidents pour la s&#233;curit&#233; de l&rsquo;a&#233;ronautique d&rsquo;&#201;tat, report A-2019-03-I<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">14 August 2024<\/div>\n<h3>Two Rafale collide on the way home from a training flight<\/h3>\n<p>At about 12:30 on 14 August 2024 two Rafale of the Saint-Dizier conversion squadron collided in flight over Meurthe-et-Moselle, returning from an instruction sortie. Wreckage came down near Colombey-les-Belles, with part of it at Harmonville in the Vosges. Capitaine S&#233;bastien Mabire, an instructor, and Lieutenant Matthis Laurens, a trainee pilot, were killed; the pilot of the other aircraft ejected and was recovered with minor injuries. S&#233;bastien Lecornu, then minister of the armed forces, wrote: <em>&ldquo;J&rsquo;adresse mes sinc&#232;res condol&#233;ances et tout mon soutien aux familles du capitaine S&#233;bastien Mabire et du lieutenant Matthis Laurens, &#224; leurs proches et &#224; leurs fr&#232;res d&rsquo;armes.&rdquo;<\/em> It was the worst day in the base&rsquo;s Rafale era.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.defense.gouv.fr\/actualites\/deces-lequipage-dun-rafale-larmee-lair-lespace\">Minist&#232;re des Arm&#233;es: D&#233;c&#232;s de l&rsquo;&#233;quipage d&rsquo;un Rafale de l&rsquo;arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;Air et de l&rsquo;Espace<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">September 2026<\/div>\n<h3>A balloon over the nuclear base<\/h3>\n<p>For five days in early September 2026 the arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace flew a tethered surveillance balloon above Saint-Dizier: twelve metres long, seven wide, held at about 200 metres, carrying an electro-optical and infrared camera and algorithms trained to detect, identify and characterise threatening drones as well as suspicious vehicles and people at the perimeter, and to pass what it saw straight to the base protection squadron. The trial followed a run of drone incursions over NATO nuclear-related sites, including the Dutch base at Volkel in November 2025 and repeated overflights of the French submarine base at &#206;le-Longue, after the air force chief of staff had publicly called existing counter-drone defences against coordinated swarms <em>perfectible<\/em>. An aerostat is an old answer; the problem it is answering is new.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opex360.com\/2026\/09\/12\/larmee-de-lair-de-lespace-envisage-dutiliser-des-ballons-captifs-pour-proteger-ses-bases-contre-les-drones\/\">Zone Militaire (opex360), 12 September 2026<\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"map\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Location<\/div>\n<h2>Base a&#233;rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson and its neighbours<\/h2>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\" style=\"height:440px\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Nearby base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Based types<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr data-base=\"ba-125-istres\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/ba-125-istres\/\">Base a&#233;rienne 125 Istres-Le Tub&#233;<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">LFMI<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Airbus A330 MRTT Ph&#233;nix, C-135FR Stratotanker, KC-135RG Stratotanker, Various trials aircraft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"ba-116-luxeuil\">\n<td>Base a&#233;rienne 116 Luxeuil-Saint-Sauveur<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">LFSX<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Dassault Mirage 2000-5F, Dassault Rafale F5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"ba-133-nancy-ochey\">\n<td>Base a&#233;rienne 133 Nancy-Ochey<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">LFSO<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Dassault Mirage 2000D RMV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Base a&#233;rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What is Saint-Dizier air base known for?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Two things. It was the first base in the Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;air et de l&rsquo;espace to receive the Dassault Rafale, on 27 June 2006, and it still runs the conversion squadron through which French Rafale crews pass. And it is the home of France&rsquo;s airborne nuclear deterrent: two squadrons here carry the ASMPA-R stand-off missile for the Forces a&#233;riennes strat&#233;giques, the only air-delivered nuclear weapons in the European Union.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does France keep nuclear weapons at Saint-Dizier?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">France does not publish where its warheads are, and we are not going to guess. What is public is the structure. Saint-Dizier is one of three bases the air force classes as strategic, alongside Istres and Avord. When the special munitions depots were reorganised between 2008 and 2012, three were rebuilt as d&#233;p&#244;ts vecteurs ASMPA &mdash; at Istres, Avord and Saint-Dizier &mdash; and two were closed. Missile bodies are held in the depot and issued to the squadron; warheads are kept separately in their own protected zone.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is a Poker exercise?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">A full rehearsal of a nuclear raid, flown four times a year with an inert missile. Tankers lift off at dusk, the Rafale and their escorts join over Brittany, refuel, transit the Bay of Biscay, cross the Pyrenees to the Mediterranean, take a last top-up, then fight through simulated enemy fighters and real ground-based air defences over the Massif Central before penetrating at very low level and making a fictitious launch. Up to fifty aircraft can be involved. It is announced in advance through NOTAMs, which is deliberate. The related exercise Banco loads real missiles onto real aircraft but never launches them.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which squadrons are based at Saint-Dizier?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The 4e escadre de chasse, reformed on the base on 26 August 2015: escadron de chasse 1\/4 Gascogne and escadron de chasse 2\/4 La Fayette, both nuclear-capable on the Rafale B, and escadron de transformation Rafale 3\/4 Aquitaine, the conversion squadron, which trains air force and naval aviation crews and export customers. Alongside them sit escadron de soutien technique a&#233;ronautique 15\/4 Haute-Marne and the base&rsquo;s own ground-based air defence unit, escadron de d&#233;fense sol-air 5\/950 Barrois, with the SAMP\/T Mamba system.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to the Jaguar at Saint-Dizier?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The 7e escadre de chasse brought the SEPECAT Jaguar here in May 1973 as the first wing in the world to fly it, and the type stayed thirty-two years. Its squadrons held tactical nuclear alert with the AN-52 bomb until 1993 and fought in Mauritania, Chad, Kuwait, Turkey, Rwanda, Bosnia and Kosovo. The Jaguar was withdrawn from French service at Saint-Dizier on 1 July 2005; about 1,700 French pilots had been trained on it there. The Rafale arrived eleven months later.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did the Libya campaign really start from Saint-Dizier?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Operations opened at 12:30 UTC on 19 March 2011 with eight Rafale that had taken off from Saint-Dizier, two of them carrying reconnaissance pods, supported by Mirage 2000D from Nancy, Mirage 2000-5 from Dijon, tankers from Istres and an E-3F. French aircraft destroyed government vehicles outside Benghazi that afternoon, hours before the first American and British cruise missiles were fired. The fighters flying from France were airborne for six and a half hours.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How big is the base, and what does it mean locally?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">An INSEE study published in October 2024 counted 2,024 people working on Base a&#233;rienne 113 &mdash; 1,932 military and 92 civilians &mdash; plus 192 reservists. Counting families and the jobs the base supports, close to 3,800 people across a 110-commune area in the Haute-Marne, Meuse and Marne draw income from it: about one resident in twenty. In the town of Saint-Dizier itself, base personnel and their families make up around 5.7 per cent of the population.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the ICAO code, and can you visit?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">LFSI. The single runway, 11\/29, is about 2,412 metres long at 139 metres above sea level. It is a working nuclear-alert base with no civil traffic, so there is no casual access &mdash; but it does open occasionally. The most recent open days were on 12&ndash;13 September 2026, with a Rafale solo display, the Patrouille de France and around thirty flying items, and some 72,200 visitors expected across the weekend.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Base a&#233;rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson still an active military air base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Active (Rafale fighter base and home of the airborne nuclear deterrent). The French Air and Space Force operates it as 4e escadre de chasse.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the ICAO code of Base a&#233;rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The ICAO code of Base a&#233;rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson is LFSI. The airfield sits at 139 m above sea level in Haute-Marne, at 48.6358 N, 4.8992 E.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How long is the runway at Base a&#233;rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Base a&#233;rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson has one runway: 11\/29, 2,412 m (7,913 ft), asphalt.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which squadrons are based at Base a&#233;rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Base a&#233;rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson currently hosts Escadron de chasse 1\/4 Gascogne flying the Dassault Rafale B; Escadron de chasse 2\/4 La Fayette flying the Dassault Rafale B; Escadron de transformation Rafale 3\/4 Aquitaine flying the Dassault Rafale B\/C; Escadron de soutien technique a&#233;ronautique 15\/004 &ldquo;Haute-Marne&rdquo; flying the &mdash;.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which aircraft used to fly from Base a&#233;rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Over its history Base a&#233;rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson has hosted Escadron de chasse 1\/7 Provence (1973&ndash;2016) with the Dassault Rafale C.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is Saint-Dizier air base known for?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Two things. It was the first base in the Arm\\u00e9e de l\\u2019air et de l\\u2019espace to receive the Dassault Rafale, on 27 June 2006, and it still runs the conversion squadron through which French Rafale crews pass. And it is the home of France\\u2019s airborne nuclear deterrent: two squadrons here carry the ASMPA-R stand-off missile for the Forces a\\u00e9riennes strat\\u00e9giques, the only air-delivered nuclear weapons in the European Union.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does France keep nuclear weapons at Saint-Dizier?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"France does not publish where its warheads are, and we are not going to guess. What is public is the structure. Saint-Dizier is one of three bases the air force classes as strategic, alongside Istres and Avord. When the special munitions depots were reorganised between 2008 and 2012, three were rebuilt as d\\u00e9p\\u00f4ts vecteurs ASMPA \\u2014 at Istres, Avord and Saint-Dizier \\u2014 and two were closed. Missile bodies are held in the depot and issued to the squadron; warheads are kept separately in their own protected zone.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is a Poker exercise?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A full rehearsal of a nuclear raid, flown four times a year with an inert missile. Tankers lift off at dusk, the Rafale and their escorts join over Brittany, refuel, transit the Bay of Biscay, cross the Pyrenees to the Mediterranean, take a last top-up, then fight through simulated enemy fighters and real ground-based air defences over the Massif Central before penetrating at very low level and making a fictitious launch. Up to fifty aircraft can be involved. It is announced in advance through NOTAMs, which is deliberate. The related exercise Banco loads real missiles onto real aircraft but never launches them.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which squadrons are based at Saint-Dizier?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The 4e escadre de chasse, reformed on the base on 26 August 2015: escadron de chasse 1\/4 Gascogne and escadron de chasse 2\/4 La Fayette, both nuclear-capable on the Rafale B, and escadron de transformation Rafale 3\/4 Aquitaine, the conversion squadron, which trains air force and naval aviation crews and export customers. Alongside them sit escadron de soutien technique a\\u00e9ronautique 15\/4 Haute-Marne and the base\\u2019s own ground-based air defence unit, escadron de d\\u00e9fense sol-air 5\/950 Barrois, with the SAMP\/T Mamba system.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to the Jaguar at Saint-Dizier?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The 7e escadre de chasse brought the SEPECAT Jaguar here in May 1973 as the first wing in the world to fly it, and the type stayed thirty-two years. Its squadrons held tactical nuclear alert with the AN-52 bomb until 1993 and fought in Mauritania, Chad, Kuwait, Turkey, Rwanda, Bosnia and Kosovo. The Jaguar was withdrawn from French service at Saint-Dizier on 1 July 2005; about 1,700 French pilots had been trained on it there. The Rafale arrived eleven months later.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did the Libya campaign really start from Saint-Dizier?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Operations opened at 12:30 UTC on 19 March 2011 with eight Rafale that had taken off from Saint-Dizier, two of them carrying reconnaissance pods, supported by Mirage 2000D from Nancy, Mirage 2000-5 from Dijon, tankers from Istres and an E-3F. French aircraft destroyed government vehicles outside Benghazi that afternoon, hours before the first American and British cruise missiles were fired. The fighters flying from France were airborne for six and a half hours.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How big is the base, and what does it mean locally?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"An INSEE study published in October 2024 counted 2,024 people working on Base a\\u00e9rienne 113 \\u2014 1,932 military and 92 civilians \\u2014 plus 192 reservists. Counting families and the jobs the base supports, close to 3,800 people across a 110-commune area in the Haute-Marne, Meuse and Marne draw income from it: about one resident in twenty. In the town of Saint-Dizier itself, base personnel and their families make up around 5.7 per cent of the population.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the ICAO code, and can you visit?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"LFSI. The single runway, 11\/29, is about 2,412 metres long at 139 metres above sea level. It is a working nuclear-alert base with no civil traffic, so there is no casual access \\u2014 but it does open occasionally. The most recent open days were on 12\\u201313 September 2026, with a Rafale solo display, the Patrouille de France and around thirty flying items, and some 72,200 visitors expected across the weekend.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Base a\\u00e9rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson still an active military air base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Active (Rafale fighter base and home of the airborne nuclear deterrent). The French Air and Space Force operates it as 4e escadre de chasse.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the ICAO code of Base a\\u00e9rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The ICAO code of Base a\\u00e9rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson is LFSI. The airfield sits at 139 m above sea level in Haute-Marne, at 48.6358 N, 4.8992 E.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long is the runway at Base a\\u00e9rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Base a\\u00e9rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson has one runway: 11\/29, 2,412 m (7,913 ft), asphalt.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which squadrons are based at Base a\\u00e9rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Base a\\u00e9rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson currently hosts Escadron de chasse 1\/4 Gascogne flying the Dassault Rafale B; Escadron de chasse 2\/4 La Fayette flying the Dassault Rafale B; Escadron de transformation Rafale 3\/4 Aquitaine flying the Dassault Rafale B\/C; Escadron de soutien technique a\\u00e9ronautique 15\/004 \\u201cHaute-Marne\\u201d flying the \\u2014.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which aircraft used to fly from Base a\\u00e9rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Over its history Base a\\u00e9rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson has hosted Escadron de chasse 1\/7 Provence (1973\\u20132016) with the Dassault Rafale C.\"}}]}<\/script><section id=\"fly\">\n<div class=\"ad\">\n<div class=\"adin\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The part of the collection you can touch<\/div>\n<h2>You cannot fly from a French air base. You can fly the jet.<\/h2>\n<p class=\"adp\">MiGFlug flies the L-39 Albatros out of Florida &mdash; a real military jet trainer, a real second seat, aerobatics and time on the controls. French military airfields do not sell flights; this is the nearest thing there is.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/l-39-albatros-florida\/\">Fly the L-39 Albatros in Florida<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Base a&#233;rienne 113 Saint-Dizier-Robinson<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/french-air-and-space-force\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The operator<\/span><span class=\"rh\">French Air and Space Force<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Fleet, bases and order of battle of the service that flies from here.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the French Air and Space Force page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/rafale\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Based here<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Dassault Rafale B<\/span><span class=\"rp\">History, specifications and stories in the Book of Beasts.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Dassault Rafale B story<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/rafale\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Based here<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Dassault Rafale B\/C<\/span><span class=\"rp\">History, specifications and stories in the Book of Beasts.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Dassault Rafale B\/C story<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defense.gouv.fr\/air\/mieux-nous-connaitre\/lhistoire-larmee-lair-lespace\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Minist&#232;re des Arm&#233;es: L&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;Air et de l&rsquo;Espace<\/a><span>founding dates, the law of 2 July 1934, the 11 September 2020 renaming, 1940 and the nuclear component<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defense.gouv.fr\/actualites\/commande-42-rafale-larmee-lair-lespace\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Minist&#232;re des Arm&#233;es: Commande de 42 Rafale pour l&rsquo;arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;Air et de l&rsquo;Espace<\/a><span>tranche 5 order of 12 January 2024, F4 standard, cost and industrial footprint<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dassault-aviation.com\/en\/group\/press\/press-kits\/unmanned-combat-aerial-vehicle-program-kicks-off-as-part-of-the-rafale-f5-standard\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Dassault Aviation: Unmanned combat aerial vehicle programme kicks off as part of the Rafale F5 standard<\/a><span>programme launched 8 October 2024 at Saint-Dizier, nEUROn heritage, full capability targeted 2033<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sia.aviation-civile.gouv.fr\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Service de l&rsquo;information a&#233;ronautique (SIA France): AIP France and military VAC charts<\/a><span>published ICAO codes, runway designators, lengths, surfaces and aerodrome elevations for French military aerodromes<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-09-13.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/fr-ba-113-saint-dizier-hero.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .cflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/swiss-canton-flags-sprite-v2.png)!important}#mfam .cf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .cf1{background-position:-22px -2px}#mfam .cf2{background-position:-42px -2px}#mfam .cf3{background-position:-62px -2px}#mfam .cf4{background-position:-82px -2px}#mfam .cf5{background-position:-102px -2px}#mfam .cf6{background-position:-122px -2px}#mfam .cf7{background-position:-142px -2px}#mfam 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