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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; Italy<\/div>\n<h1>Italian Naval Aviation<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Aviazione Navale &middot; Marina Militare<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">The Aviazione Navale is the only air arm in the European Union that flies fifth-generation fighters from its own ship &mdash; and for fifty-two years, from a law of 1937 to a law of 1989, it was forbidden to own a fixed-wing aeroplane at all.<\/p>\n<div class=\"marks\">\n<div class=\"mcol\">\n<div class=\"mark\"><span class=\"mk\">National marking<b>The <em>coccarda<\/em> &mdash; green centre, white ring, red outer &mdash; with a black fouled anchor laid over it. The anchor is what tells a naval aeroplane from an air force one at a glance<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mark\"><span class=\"mk\">Low-visibility<b>A subdued grey coccarda with a grey anchor on the F-35B, the Harrier and the NH90; the marking shrank and faded through the 1990s as it did everywhere else<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mark\"><span class=\"mk\">Unit marking<b>A two-part number on the fuselage giving the group and the aircraft, as in 4-01 for the first F-35B of GRUPAER, with the group badge on the fin<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>25<\/b><span>Combat aircraft<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>7<\/b><span>Active air bases<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1956<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>9<\/b><span>Types retired<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: U.S. Navy photo by Darin Russell \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Italy<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1956<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Rome (COMFORAER), with the three air stations at Grottaglie, Luni and Catania<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Commander<\/b>Ammiraglio di divisione Giancarlo Ciappina<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>The Italian Naval Aviation story: a carrier with no aircraft, and the law that changed it<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1913&ndash;1937: a naval air service, and then the Regia Aeronautica took it away<\/h3>\n<p>Italy had naval aviators before it had an air force. Sottotenente di vascello Mario Calderara took lessons from Wilbur Wright in 1909 and ran Italy&rsquo;s first flying school at Centocelle in 1910; the battleship <em>Dante Alighieri<\/em> carried a Curtiss floatplane in 1912; and in June 1913 a ministerial decree formally created the Servizio Aeronautico della Regia Marina. Ammiraglio Paolo Thaon di Revel, appointed chief of the naval staff that July, pushed it hard, and resigned in 1916 when a royal decree tried to put it under the war ministry. By the Armistice the navy had 550 seaplanes, 86 fighters and twenty-five airships; 121 of its people had been killed and it had produced aces of its own, among them Orazio Pierozzi, the most successful Italian naval fighter pilot of the war. On 30 September 1920 the king gave the service its own war flag as the Forza Aerea della Regia Marina. It lasted seventeen more years.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1940&ndash;1943: forty-two floatplanes, Taranto and Matapan &mdash; a fleet with no eyes<\/h3>\n<p>The unpicking began in 1931, when a law placed the navy&rsquo;s air arm under a Regia Aeronautica general and turned its pilots into aerial observers. A further law in 1937 handed every military aeroplane in Italy to the air force, which took on the naval task through an Aviazione Ausiliaria per la Marina that answered to itself. The result was a fleet that went to war in 1940 with forty-two IMAM Ro.43 floatplanes, catapulted off battleships and cruisers, recovered by crane with the ship stopped, which in practice meant one sortie per voyage. Against that, the Royal Navy put twenty-one Swordfish over Taranto on the night of 11 November 1940 and crippled three battleships, and at Cape Matapan in March 1941 carrier aircraft from <em>Formidable<\/em> set up a night action that cost Italy three heavy cruisers, two destroyers and about two thousand sailors in a single night. Two liners were taken in hand as the carriers <em>Aquila<\/em> and <em>Sparviero<\/em>; work stopped in June 1943 and neither ever flew an aircraft.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1950&ndash;1976: two Helldivers confiscated at Capodichino, and a law about 1,500 kilograms<\/h3>\n<p>The 1947 peace treaty banned Italy from owning aircraft carriers, and NATO membership quietly voided that clause &mdash; but the 1937 law was Italian, and it stayed. The point was made brutally in December 1952. The United States handed the navy two Curtiss SB2C-5 Helldivers, painted with an anchor in the roundel, for the express purpose of rebuilding a naval air arm; when <em>Gabbiano I<\/em> and <em>Gabbiano II<\/em> reached Naples-Capodichino on 19 December the air force took them on charge, and refused to recognise the flying and technical qualifications the navy&rsquo;s people had earned in the United States. The way round was weight. A law of 1956 limited the air force&rsquo;s monopoly to fixed-wing aircraft above 1,500 kg, and on 1 August 1956 the navy stood up the 1&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri with five Agusta-Bell AB-47G at a small heliport at Augusta. Law 968 of 7 October 1957 then created the Aviazione Antisommergibile: air force squadrons with crews half-manned by the navy, air force logistics, navy operational control. It was a compromise that satisfied nobody and lasted forty years.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1977&ndash;1991: a carrier with no aircraft, nineteen senators, and Law 36<\/h3>\n<p>Helicopters gave the navy a reason to build ships to carry them &mdash; the <em>Bergamini<\/em>-class frigates of the early 1960s were the first purpose-built helicopter frigates in the world &mdash; and by the late 1970s the logic had run all the way to a flight deck. The <em>Giuseppe Garibaldi<\/em> was laid down in 1981, given a ski-jump during construction, and entered service on 30 September 1985 as a through-deck cruiser with a 174-metre flight deck and not one aeroplane, because the law still said she could not have any. On 20 December 1984, with the ship fitting out at Monfalcone, nineteen senators put their names to bill no. 1083 asking for a naval air arm; the first signatory was Severino Fallucchi, a retired admiral. It took more than four years. Law no. 36 of 1 February 1989, published in the <em>Gazzetta Ufficiale<\/em> on 8 February, ran to five short articles, funded at two billion lire, and let the navy own embarked aircraft &mdash; while article 2 expressly kept air defence with the air force and article 4 obliged the navy to use air force test establishments.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1991&ndash;2016: the Harrier years &mdash; Somalia, Albania, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Libya<\/h3>\n<p>The navy chose the American AV-8B Harrier II Plus over the British Sea Harrier and ordered eighteen: two TAV-8B trainers and sixteen radar-equipped single-seaters, the last built under licence by Alenia and delivered in November 1997. The Gruppo Aerei Imbarcati was constituted on 1 February 1991; the first two aircraft were handed over at Cherry Point on 7 June 1991 and formally received aboard <em>Garibaldi<\/em> at Norfolk on 23 August. Then it flew. Somalia in 1995, covering the United Nations withdrawal; armed alert sorties out of Grottaglie for Albania in 1997; thirty sorties and 63 flying hours over Kosovo from 13 May 1999 with Mk 82s, GBU-16s and Mavericks; 288 missions and 860 flying hours over Afghanistan from the deck between December 2001 and March 2002, flying more than 1,500 km each way; Lebanon in 2006; and Libya in 2011, where <em>Garibaldi<\/em> served as command ship from 25 March to 26 July 2011 and her air group flew 1,221 hours. It was a small force used hard, and it is fair to say it justified the argument of 1989.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2017&ndash;2026: the F-35B, a flag lowered at Yokosuka, and a ship given to Indonesia<\/h3>\n<p>The <em>Cavour<\/em>, in service since 10 June 2009, was rebuilt for the F-35B in 2018&ndash;19 at Taranto: about 74 million euros, a metallised flight deck to take a 27-tonne aeroplane where the Harrier weighed 14, and a new approach and landing system. The first Italian naval F-35Bs came home from Beaufort on 16 December 2022, escorted in by Harriers, and on 26 August 2024 the chief of the naval staff, Ammiraglio di squadra Enrico Credendino, declared initial operational capability from the deck &mdash; standing on <em>Cavour<\/em> alongside the frigate <em>Alpino<\/em> at Yokosuka, four months early, after 2,600 flying hours and 2,700 maintenance actions on a five-month Indo-Pacific deployment. The inter-service argument never ended: the air force reactivated its own F-35B squadron, the 101&#176; Gruppo, at Amendola on 1 July 2025, and the two services settled on two bases rather than one. The Harrier is still flying, older than the pilots who fly it. And on 24 August 2026 the <em>Garibaldi<\/em>, the ship the whole fight had been about, lowered her flag at Taranto for the last time and sailed for Indonesia as a gift.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">The unpicking began in 1931, when a law placed the navy&rsquo;s air arm under a Regia Aeronautica general and turned its pilots into aerial observers.<cite>Italian Naval Aviation &middot; verified 2026-09-19<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>The Italian Naval Aviation in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Service<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Native name<\/dt>\n<dd>Aviazione Navale<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>The command is the Comando delle Forze Aeree, COMFORAER<\/li>\n<li>Its people are <em>i marinai del cielo<\/em>, and the fixed-wing pilots of the carrier air group call themselves <em>lupi<\/em> &mdash; wolves<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Earlier names: Servizio Aeronautico della Regia Marina from June 1913, and Forza Aerea della Regia Marina from 30 September 1920, when Vittorio Emanuele III granted it a war flag. The flag was later decorated with the silver medal for military valour for the First World War.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Founded<\/dt>\n<dd>1 August 1956 (origins 1913)<span class=\"gnote\">The modern arm dates from 1 August 1956, when the first Agusta-Bell AB-47G helicopters formed the 1&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri at the MariEliport at Augusta in Sicily. Its lineage runs back to the ministerial decree of June 1913 that created the Servizio Aeronautico della Regia Marina, and English-language references normally give the dates as 1913&ndash;1937 and 1956 to the present.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Part of<\/dt>\n<dd>Marina Militare<span class=\"gnote\">One of the four Italian armed forces. The Aeronautica Militare is a separate service with its own F-35Bs; the army has its own aviation arm, the AVES. The Capitanerie di porto &mdash; Guardia Costiera is legally a corps of the navy but is run for day-to-day purposes by the transport ministry, and its ATR 42s and AW139s are not counted here.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Command<\/dt>\n<dd>COMFORAER, Rome<span class=\"gnote\">Comando delle Forze Aeree, established in 1999 and operational from 1 January 2000, under the commander-in-chief of the naval squadron (CINCNAV). It received its war flag from President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi on 10 June 2005. The post carries with it the job of head of the 6th Aircraft Department of the naval staff, which is why a commander who is formally a rear admiral of the lower half can hold a higher rank.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Organisation<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>MARISTAER Grottaglie &mdash; GRUPAER (fixed wing) and the 4&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri<\/li>\n<li>MARISTAELI Luni &mdash; 1&#176; and 5&#176; Gruppi Elicotteri<\/li>\n<li>MARISTAELI Catania &mdash; 2&#176; and 3&#176; Gruppi Elicotteri<\/li>\n<li>SEZAER Pratica di Mare &mdash; the P-180 air section<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Aircraft do not belong to ships. COMFORAER assembles helicopter and aircraft sections to order, picking the airframes, the fit and the people, and assigns them to a frigate, a destroyer or the carrier for a deployment. Two standing specialist units sit inside the helicopter groups: the Reparto Eliassalto of the 1&#176; Gruppo, which works with the COMSUBIN frogmen and raiders, and the Nucleo Lotta Anfibia of the 4&#176; Gruppo, formed on 2 May 1994 to support the San Marco marines.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>The legal question<\/dt>\n<dd>Law no. 36 of 1 February 1989<span class=\"gnote\">Five articles, published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale of 8 February 1989, that allowed the navy to own embarked fixed-wing aircraft for the first time since 1937 &mdash; with two conditions that still bite. Article 2 leaves the organisation, direction and control of all air defence with the air force. Article 4 obliges the navy to use air force technical bodies for the study, testing and trials of its embarked aircraft. Article 5 funded it with two billion lire for 1989 and was repealed in 2010 when the defence code was consolidated.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Strength<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Personnel<\/dt>\n<dd>about 2,000&ndash;4,000<span class=\"gnote\">The services do not publish a current figure and the two that circulate are far apart: the navy&rsquo;s own English-language page gave about 2,000 in 2015, and Italian-language reference works say a little over 4,000. MARISTAELI Luni alone accounts for about 600 people, which makes the lower figure look like aircrew and technicians only. Treat any single number with suspicion.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>about 124, plus 12 drones<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Combat and trainer jets &mdash; 22<\/li>\n<li>Helicopters &mdash; 99<\/li>\n<li>Fixed-wing liaison &mdash; 3<\/li>\n<li>Uncrewed &mdash; 12 air vehicles in two systems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Built up from FlightGlobal&rsquo;s World Air Forces 2026 directory, which is the only published type-by-type count. Ares Difesa counted exactly 100 helicopters in 2022; the small shrinkage since is the AB-212 line running down and one NH90 lost.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Carrier fighters<\/dt>\n<dd>10 F-35B and 12 Harriers<span class=\"gnote\">Ten F-35B delivered of twenty contracted, and eleven AV-8B+ plus one TAV-8B left of the eighteen Harriers bought. Both types belong to one squadron, GRUPAER at Grottaglie; the navy has never had more than one fixed-wing flying unit. In practice the <em>Cavour<\/em> can work eight to ten fast jets alongside the helicopters she also has to carry.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Helicopters<\/dt>\n<dd>about 99<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>NH90 SH-90A &mdash; 45, anti-submarine and anti-surface<\/li>\n<li>NH90 MH-90A &mdash; 10, amphibious and special forces<\/li>\n<li>AW101 SH-101A &mdash; 10, anti-submarine and anti-surface<\/li>\n<li>AW101 MH-101A &mdash; 8, assault and vertical replenishment<\/li>\n<li>AW101 EH-101A &mdash; 4, airborne early warning<\/li>\n<li>AB-212 SH-212A \/ MH-212B &mdash; 22, being run down<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Twenty-two AW101 and fifty-five NH90 are the backbone. The four early-warning AW101s are the rare capability: outside the Royal Navy, almost nobody else flies a radar picket helicopter from a deck, and they were reported held in reserve in 2022 while the navy decided whether to convert them to utility machines.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Ships that fly aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>1 carrier, 1 amphibious ship, about 20 escorts<span class=\"gnote\"><em>Cavour<\/em> (550) is the only fixed-wing carrier. <em>Trieste<\/em> (L 9890), delivered on 7 December 2024 and presented with her battle flag on 26 October 2025, has a ski-jump and is meant to become the alternative carrier when <em>Cavour<\/em> is in dock, but the work to clear her for the F-35B is a ten-year programme that only began in 2025. The <em>Giuseppe Garibaldi<\/em> (551) left the fleet on 24 August 2026. Every frigate and destroyer carries one or two helicopters, and three <em>San Giorgio<\/em>-class amphibious ships and the new logistic support ships have decks of their own.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Uncrewed<\/dt>\n<dd>2 Camcopter S-100, 10 ScanEagle<span class=\"gnote\">The S-100 rotary-wing drone was trialled from the amphibious ship <em>San Giusto<\/em> in 2014 and the ScanEagle flies from the FREMM frigates. On 25 March 2026 the navy told a Senate hearing it intends to put the Bayraktar TB3 on the <em>Cavour<\/em>, acquired through LBA Systems, the Leonardo&ndash;Baykar joint venture, which would make Italy the first European operator of the type.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Infrastructure<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Air stations<\/dt>\n<dd>3, plus one air section<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>MARISTAER Grottaglie (LIBG) &mdash; fixed wing and embarked helicopters for Taranto<\/li>\n<li>MARISTAELI Luni (LIQW) &mdash; AW101 and NH90, and the trials and training centres<\/li>\n<li>MARISTAELI Catania (LICC) &mdash; AB-212 and the specialist school<\/li>\n<li>SEZAER Pratica di Mare (LIRE) &mdash; three P-180 Maritime<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Not one of them is a naval airfield in the sense that Landivisiau or Yeovilton is. Grottaglie and Catania are civil airports on whose runways the navy is a tenant, Luni is a military field shared with the coast guard and a flying club, and Pratica di Mare belongs to the air force. The navy has never owned a runway of its own.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Longest runway<\/dt>\n<dd>3,200 m at Grottaglie<span class=\"gnote\">One of the longest runways in Italy, which is why it can take a strategic transport and why it has been designated as Italy&rsquo;s first spaceport. The navy&rsquo;s own site description gives the length as 3,280 m. The navy enclave covers 160 hectares inside a perimeter of a little over 6 km and has five hangars, one of them leased to the Guardia di Finanza.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Shortest runway<\/dt>\n<dd>905 m at Luni<span class=\"gnote\">Just long enough for a light aeroplane and quite long enough for a helicopter. The field can also take V\/STOL aircraft, which has mattered more than once. Luni holds the Helo Dunker ditching trainer, one of very few in Europe and used by other NATO navies, the Centro Sperimentale Aeromarittimo that clears every new helicopter and system for shipboard use, and a Level D full-mission simulator for the NH90 in full MR1 configuration, opened in 2023.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>The carrier<\/dt>\n<dd><em>Cavour<\/em> (550), 29,900 t full load<span class=\"gnote\">A 220 by 34.5 metre flight deck, seven simultaneous spots, parking for eight more aircraft, 6,800 square metres of usable deck and a 180-metre take-off run ending in a 12-degree ski-jump. Officially 22 aircraft embarked, up to a claimed maximum of 36. Two lifts, a 2,500 square metre hangar, a command suite of about 150 operator positions and a hospital with two operating theatres.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>The amphibious ship<\/dt>\n<dd><em>Trieste<\/em> (L 9890), 38,000 t<span class=\"gnote\">The largest warship built in Italy since the war: 245 m long, a 230 by 36 metre flight deck with nine spots, two 15 by 15 metre lifts rated at 42 tonnes, a ski-jump, two separate islands in the manner of the British <em>Queen Elizabeth<\/em> class, and a floodable dock. Delivered on 7 December 2024 and presented with her battle flag on 26 October 2025, home-ported at Taranto. Her F-35B site activation is costed at about 172 million euros over 2025&ndash;2034.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"structure\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Structure<\/div>\n<h2>How the Italian Naval Aviation is organised<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">One organic commander in Rome, three air stations, five helicopter groups and one fixed-wing group. <span class=\"imp\">The oddity is the 88&#176; Gruppo at Sigonella &mdash; an air force squadron with half-navy crews under navy operational control, the last living piece of a 1957 compromise between two services that could not agree who owned maritime aviation.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"org\">\n<div class=\"cmdcard\"><span class=\"cface mono\">AD<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"cmdtx\"><span class=\"crank\">Ammiraglio di divisione<\/span><b>Ammiraglio di divisione Giancarlo Ciappina<\/b><span class=\"cmeta\">Comandante delle Forze Aeree della Marina Militare (COMFORAER) &middot; in office since 2023<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmdorg\"><span>Comando delle Forze Aeree (COMFORAER)<\/span><em>Aviazione Navale<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgrow\">\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Command<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Comando delle Forze Aeree<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">COMFORAER<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Rome<\/div>\n<p>The organic command of Italian naval aviation, under the commander-in-chief of the naval squadron. It owns every naval aircraft, fixed- and rotary-wing, and every air station ashore, and is responsible for training, readiness and employment. Created in 1999, operational from 1 January 2000, war flag presented by President Ciampi on 10 June 2005. Its commander is also head of the 6th Aircraft Department of the naval staff.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Air station<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Stazione Aeromobili della Marina Militare<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">MARISTAER Grottaglie<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Taranto-Grottaglie<\/div>\n<p>The only naval air station with fixed-wing aircraft. It runs the base and its logistics, the electronics laboratory that looks after aircraft circuit boards, and the stores that supply both the resident flying groups and the flight services of the ships at Taranto. Named after Tenente di vascello Marcello Arlotta, lost over the Adriatic in an airship in the First World War.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Carrier air group<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Gruppo Aerei Imbarcati<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">GRUPAER<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Taranto-Grottaglie<\/div>\n<p>The national multirole embarked air component: the F-35B and the AV-8B+ Harrier II Plus. Constituted on 1 February 1991 as the Gruppo Supporto Aerei Imbarcati in anticipation of the Harrier; battle flag received on 28 June 1996, presented by the Andria branch of the naval veterans&rsquo; association. Its pilots call themselves <em>lupi<\/em>, wolves, and are trained in the United States on the T-6B, the T-45 Goshawk and then the Harrier or the F-35B.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Helicopters, Taranto<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>4&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">GRUPELICOT QUATTRO<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Taranto-Grottaglie<\/div>\n<p>Formed at Grottaglie on 1 March 1976 to prepare and maintain the helicopters embarked in the ships based at Taranto, and to train the navy&rsquo;s aircrew alongside MARICENTADD. It contains the Nucleo Lotta Anfibia, set up on 2 May 1994 with modified helicopters to work with the San Marco marine regiment, and it flies the Camcopter S-100.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Helicopter station, La Spezia<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Stazione Elicotteri della Marina Militare Luni<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">MARISTAELI Luni<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Sarzana-Luni<\/div>\n<p>Opened on 1 November 1968 and named after Ammiraglio di squadra Giovanni Fiorini in 1999. It supports the helicopters embarked in the ships of the La Spezia base and hosts the force&rsquo;s three centres of excellence. Since the station opened its 600 men and women have flown more than 190,000 hours.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Helicopters, heavy<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>1&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">GRUPELICOT UNO<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Sarzana-Luni<\/div>\n<p>The oldest unit in the force, formed at Augusta on 1 August 1956 and moved to Luni from Catania in January 1971. Flies the AW101 in its several versions and contains the Reparto Eliassalto, which works from ashore or from a deck with the COMSUBIN raiders and frogmen based nearby.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Helicopters, frigates<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>5&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">GRUPELICOT CINQUE<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Sarzana-Luni<\/div>\n<p>Constituted on 1 November 1969, the first unit at Luni. It prepares the helicopters that go to sea in the surface ships of the La Spezia base and flies the NH90 in both versions; the first SH-90A was delivered to it on 15 June 2011. Its aircraft also fly firefighting, search and rescue and civil protection work.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Helicopter station, Sicily<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Stazione Elicotteri della Marina Militare Catania<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">MARISTAELI Catania<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Catania-Fontanarossa<\/div>\n<p>The cradle of the force: every technical specialist and aircrewman in naval aviation passes through its courses, which last about eight months. It holds the Dilbert Dunker ditching trainer. The station moved to its present site south of the Fontanarossa runway in December 1967 after a tornado destroyed the original hangars.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Helicopters, Sicily<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>2&#176; and 3&#176; Gruppi Elicotteri<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">GRUPELICOT DUE e TRE<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Catania-Fontanarossa<\/div>\n<p>The 2&#176; Gruppo was formed in 1964 and the 3&#176; in 1968. The 2&#176; has been the long-standing AB-212 unit and the 3&#176; flies the AW101, including the early-warning version. Between them they support the ships based in Sicily and southern waters.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Air section<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Sezione Aerea<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">SEZAER<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Pratica di Mare<\/div>\n<p>Three Piaggio P-180 Maritime at the air force base at Pratica di Mare, flying liaison, light logistic transport, medical evacuation and, with a forward-looking infra-red kit, maritime surveillance. Established in 2001 with a single aircraft lent by the air force.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Trials and training<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Centro Sperimentale Aeromarittimo e Centro Addestramento e Standardizzazione Volo su Mare<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">CSA \/ CASVM<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Sarzana-Luni<\/div>\n<p>The CSA, formed on 1 January 2006 out of the EH-101 working group, clears every new helicopter and system for use at sea and answers directly to the naval staff&rsquo;s aircraft department. The CASVM, formed in 2023, runs the Level D full-mission simulators for the AW101 and SH-90A and the Modular Egress Training System, a 25-metre pool with a ditching simulator used across the Italian services and by allied navies.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Anti-submarine aviation<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>88&#176; Gruppo Antisommergibile, 41&#176; Stormo<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">88&#176; Gruppo<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Sigonella<\/div>\n<p>Not a navy unit, but the surviving piece of the 1957 compromise: an air force squadron at Sigonella whose crews are mixed air force and navy and which is under navy operational control for anti-submarine search, maritime patrol, photographic and electronic reconnaissance and search and rescue. It flew the Breguet Atlantic until 2017 and now has the ATR P-72A Surveyor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">In service<\/div>\n<h2>What the Italian Naval Aviation flies today<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type on charge, linked to its Book of Beasts page where one exists. <span class=\"imp\">Counts are aircraft on the books, not aircraft available on a given day.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-yr\">\n<col class=\"c-units\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">In service<\/th>\n<th>Since<\/th>\n<th>Units<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph2\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning II<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Short take-off and vertical landing multirole fighter: fleet air defence, strike, suppression of enemy air defences and reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>2018<\/td>\n<td>Gruppo Aerei Imbarcati<\/td>\n<td>Ten in service in FlightGlobal&rsquo;s World Air Forces 2026 directory. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The navy has contracted twenty &mdash; fifteen in the original 2012 commitment and five more added in the 2024 planning document &mdash; and its own website says GRUPAER will hold a fleet of twenty when deliveries end.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/harrier-jump-jet\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph3\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/harrier-jump-jet\/\">McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II Plus<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>V\/STOL fighter: fleet air defence with a secondary attack role<\/td>\n<td>11<\/td>\n<td>1991<\/td>\n<td>Gruppo Aerei Imbarcati<\/td>\n<td>Eleven single-seaters left of sixteen bought, on FlightGlobal&rsquo;s 2026 figures. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Italy ordered eighteen aircraft in 1990 &mdash; two TAV-8B and sixteen AV-8B Plus &mdash; of which the first three single-seaters were built in the United States and the rest under licence by Alenia, the line being completed in November 1997.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/harrier-jump-jet\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph4\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/harrier-jump-jet\/\">McDonnell Douglas TAV-8B Harrier II<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Two-seat conversion and continuation trainer<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1991<\/td>\n<td>Gruppo Aerei Imbarcati<\/td>\n<td>One of the two delivered still in service in 2026. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The pair were the very first aircraft the reborn naval air arm owned, handed to Italian crews at Cherry Point, North Carolina, on 7 June 1991.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph5\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Piaggio P-180 Avanti Maritime<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Liaison, light logistic transport, medical evacuation and light maritime surveillance<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>2001<\/td>\n<td>Sezione Aerea<\/td>\n<td>Three aircraft with SEZAER at Pratica di Mare. The first was lent by the air force on 4 October 2001; the navy&rsquo;s own three were delivered from 2004.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph6\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Leonardo (AgustaWestland) SH-101A &mdash; AW101 anti-submarine<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare, maritime patrol helicopter, command and control of naval air operations<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>2001<\/td>\n<td>1&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri, 3&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri<\/td>\n<td>Ten of the navy&rsquo;s twenty-two AW101 are in the anti-submarine and anti-surface fit. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The first EH-101 was accepted on 19 March 2001 and the type came in three versions: maritime patrol helicopter, helicopter early warning and assault support.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph7\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Leonardo (AgustaWestland) MH-101A &mdash; AW101 assault support<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Amphibious assault, special operations support, vertical replenishment and medical evacuation<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>2001<\/td>\n<td>1&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri<\/td>\n<td>Eight of the twenty-two, fitted with a rear ramp for vehicles and loads.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Leonardo (AgustaWestland) EH-101A HEW &mdash; AW101 early warning<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airborne early warning: long-range air and surface surveillance for the task group and control of the embarked fighters<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>2001<\/td>\n<td>3&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri<\/td>\n<td>Four aircraft, reported in 2022 to be held in reserve while the navy decided whether to convert them to a utility fit.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph8\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>NHIndustries SH-90A (NH90 NFH)<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare from frigates and destroyers, search and rescue, light logistic transport<\/td>\n<td>45<\/td>\n<td>2011<\/td>\n<td>2&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri, 5&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri, 4&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri<\/td>\n<td>Forty-six delivered of a line of fifty-six NH90, the last handed over at MARISTAELI Luni on 29 September 2023; one was lost in July 2023, leaving 45 in FlightGlobal&rsquo;s 2026 count.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>NHIndustries MH-90A (NH90 TTH)<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Maritime assault: troop lift, special operations, vehicles and loads through a rear ramp<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>2013<\/td>\n<td>5&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri<\/td>\n<td>Ten of the fifty-six NH90 ordered, in the tactical transport configuration with a rear loading ramp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph9\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Agusta-Bell SH-212A \/ MH-212B (AB-212ASW)<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare from smaller ships, utility and amphibious support<\/td>\n<td>22<\/td>\n<td>1976<\/td>\n<td>2&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri, 4&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri<\/td>\n<td>Twenty-two on FlightGlobal&rsquo;s 2026 figures, against twenty-six counted by Ares Difesa in 2022. Deliveries began in 1976 and the fleet is being run down; no replacement has been contracted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph10\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Schiebel Camcopter S-100<span class=\"nflag nf0\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Austria\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Shipborne rotary-wing surveillance and reconnaissance drone<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>2014<\/td>\n<td>4&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri<\/td>\n<td>Two air vehicles. Trialled from the amphibious ship <em>San Giusto<\/em> in 2014.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph11\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Boeing Insitu ScanEagle<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Shipborne fixed-wing surveillance and reconnaissance drone<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>2014<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Ten air vehicles, flown mainly from the FREMM frigates.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fleetchart\">\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">SH-90A<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:100%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">45<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">AB-212<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:49%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">22<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">AV-8B+<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:24%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">11<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">F-35B<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:22%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">10<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">SH-101A<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:22%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">10<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">MH-90A<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:22%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">10<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">ScanEagle<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:22%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">10<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">MH-101A<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:18%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">8<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>On order<\/h3>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet ord\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-fd\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Ordered<\/th>\n<th>First delivery<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph2\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning II<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>2026<\/td>\n<td>Ten still to come of the twenty the navy has contracted: fifteen in the original commitment and five added in the 2024&ndash;2026 defence planning document, part of an Italian total of 115 F-35 of all versions. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The navy&rsquo;s own website states plainly that GRUPAER will hold twenty F-35B when deliveries end, able to operate from ashore or from the ship for months at a time. Assembly is at Cameri, the only F-35 final assembly line outside the United States.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"former\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Formerly operated<\/div>\n<h2>Every type the Italian Naval Aviation has retired<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">9 types, from the First World War seaplanes, fighters and airships to the Sikorsky SH-3D Sea King (Agusta-built). <span class=\"imp\">Peak figures are airframes taken on charge over the whole service life, not fleet strength on any one date.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet former\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-srv\">\n<col class=\"c-rep\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Peak<\/th>\n<th>Served<\/th>\n<th>Replaced by<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph12\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Sikorsky SH-3D Sea King (Agusta-built)<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Anti-submarine warfare, amphibious assault, transport and search and rescue<\/td>\n<td>36<\/td>\n<td>1968&ndash;2013<\/td>\n<td>Leonardo SH-101A \/ MH-101A (AW101)<\/td>\n<td>Thirty-six aircraft in the navy&rsquo;s own list of retired types, built under licence by Agusta.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Agusta-Bell AB-204AS<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Shipborne anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare<\/td>\n<td>35<\/td>\n<td>1964&ndash;1984<\/td>\n<td>Agusta-Bell AB-212ASW<\/td>\n<td>Thirty-five aircraft, 1964 to 1984.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph13\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Sikorsky SH-34G \/ SH-34J Seabat<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Anti-submarine warfare and, later, special forces and marine transport<\/td>\n<td>15<\/td>\n<td>1959&ndash;1979<\/td>\n<td>Sikorsky SH-3D Sea King<\/td>\n<td>Fifteen SH-34G in the navy&rsquo;s retired-aircraft list, 1959 to 1979. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The unit histories are harder to reconcile: eleven were on charge by 1964, of which seven burned in the Catania tornado; three worn ex-USS <em>Saratoga<\/em> machines were given at once and six new-build SH-34J followed between 1964 and 1967, so something over twenty airframes passed through the service. No reconciled total is published.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph14\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Agusta-Bell AB-47G, AB-47G2, AB-47J and AB-47J3<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Anti-submarine search and attack, observation and training<\/td>\n<td>27<\/td>\n<td>1956&ndash;1972<\/td>\n<td>Agusta-Bell AB-204AS<\/td>\n<td>Twenty-seven in all across four sub-types: five AB-47G (1956&ndash;1972), two AB-47G2 (1957&ndash;1968), six AB-47J (1959&ndash;1972) and fourteen AB-47J3 (1962&ndash;1972).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph15\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Agusta A.106<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Single-seat shipborne anti-submarine helicopter<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>1965&ndash;1972<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Two prototypes evaluated from 1965 and trialled aboard the destroyers of the <em>Impavido<\/em> class from 1970; the project was abandoned in July 1972.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/reggiane-re-2000\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph16\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/reggiane-re-2000\/\" class=\"was\">Reggiane Re.2000 Catapultabile<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Catapult-launched shipboard fighter<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>1942&ndash;1943<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>Two prototypes (MM 471 and 485) and eight production aircraft (MM 8281 to 8288). <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Six were embarked on 8 September 1943 &mdash; two on the battleship <em>Roma<\/em> and one each on <em>Italia<\/em> and <em>Vittorio Veneto<\/em>.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph17\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>IMAM Ro.43<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Catapult-launched shipboard reconnaissance and gunnery spotting floatplane<\/td>\n<td>42<\/td>\n<td>1936&ndash;1943<\/td>\n<td>Reggiane Re.2000 Catapultabile, in part<\/td>\n<td>Forty-two were embarked and ready for use on Italy&rsquo;s entry into the war in June 1940; 194 were built in all. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>On 8 September 1943 nineteen were still aboard ship and twenty more with the shore-based naval squadriglie.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph18\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>First World War seaplanes, fighters and airships<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Anti-submarine patrol, escort, reconnaissance, bombing and fighter defence over the Adriatic<\/td>\n<td>550<\/td>\n<td>1913&ndash;1918<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>The service held 550 seaplanes, 86 fighters and 25 airships at the Armistice of 11 November 1918, against roughly thirty seaplanes, two airships and twelve front-line pilots on 24 May 1915. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Types included Curtiss flying boats, Morane-Borel, Macchi M.5 and the Caproni Ca.4 and Ca.5 bombers.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph19\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Hughes H.369HM<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light shipborne helicopter, evaluation only<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1969&ndash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>One aircraft taken on evaluation from 1969.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"bases\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Air bases<\/div>\n<h2>Where Italian naval aviation flies from &mdash; and the fields it has left behind<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Black pins are active stations and detachments, hollow pins the ones the navy has given up. <span class=\"imp\">Not one of them is a naval airfield in the British or French sense: Grottaglie and Catania are civil airports where the navy rents a corner, Luni is shared with the coast guard and a flying club, and Pratica di Mare belongs to the air force.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><span>Click a pin to open the base page<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"basefind\" data-filter=\"#basetbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air bases\" placeholder=\"Search bases, region, units, aircrafts\" aria-label=\"Search bases, region, units, aircrafts\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"basefind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"basefind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"basetbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Runway<\/th>\n<th>Units and aircraft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr id=\"base-det-amendola\" data-base=\"det-amendola\" data-x=\"active active 32&#176; Stormo, Aeronautica Militare \">\n<td>Amendola<small>F-35B partner base<\/small><span>Puglia<\/span><\/td>\n<td>LIBA<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>11\/29<\/span>2,660 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>101&#176; Gruppo Caccia (Aeronautica Militare)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning II<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-maristaeli-catania\" data-base=\"maristaeli-catania\" data-x=\"active active COMFORAER CTA\">\n<td>MARISTAELI Catania<span>Sicilia<\/span><\/td>\n<td>LICC<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>08\/26<\/span>2,435 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>2&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri<\/span>: <span>Agusta-Bell SH-212A, Agusta-Bell MH-212B<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>3&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri<\/span>: <span>Leonardo SH-101A (AW101), Leonardo EH-101A HEW (AW101)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Ufficio Corsi<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-maristaeli-luni\" data-base=\"maristaeli-luni\" data-x=\"active active COMFORAER \">\n<td>MARISTAELI Luni<span>Liguria<\/span><\/td>\n<td>LIQW<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>18\/36<\/span>905 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>1&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri<\/span>: <span>Leonardo SH-101A (AW101), Leonardo MH-101A (AW101)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>5&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri<\/span>: <span>NHIndustries SH-90A, NHIndustries MH-90A<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Centro Sperimentale Aeromarittimo<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Centro Addestramento e Standardizzazione Volo su Mare<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-maristaer-grottaglie\" data-base=\"maristaer-grottaglie\" data-x=\"active active COMFORAER TAR\">\n<td>MARISTAER Grottaglie<span>Puglia<\/span><\/td>\n<td>LIBG<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>17\/35<\/span>3,200 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Gruppo Aerei Imbarcati<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning II<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/harrier-jump-jet\/\">McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II Plus<\/a>, McDonnell Douglas TAV-8B Harrier II<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>4&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri<\/span>: <span>NHIndustries SH-90A, Schiebel Camcopter S-100<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Nucleo Lotta Anfibia<\/span>: <span>NHIndustries SH-90A, Agusta-Bell SH-212A<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-sezaer-pratica-di-mare\" data-base=\"sezaer-pratica-di-mare\" data-x=\"active active COMFORAER (tenant on an Aeronautica Militare base) \">\n<td>Pratica di Mare<small>SEZAER<\/small><span>Lazio<\/span><\/td>\n<td>LIRE<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>13R\/31L<\/span>2,481 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Sezione Aerea<\/span>: <span>Piaggio P-180 Avanti Maritime<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-det-sigonella\" data-base=\"det-sigonella\" data-x=\"active active 41&#176; Stormo, Aeronautica Militare \">\n<td>Sigonella<small>88&#176; Gruppo<\/small><span>Sicilia<\/span><\/td>\n<td>LICZ<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>10R\/28L<\/span>2,462 m<\/span><span><span>10L\/28R<\/span>2,442 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>88&#176; Gruppo Antisommergibile<\/span>: <span>ATR P-72A Surveyor<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-taranto-mar-grande\" data-base=\"taranto-mar-grande\" data-x=\"active active Comando in Capo della Squadra Navale (CINCNAV) \">\n<td>Taranto naval base<span>Puglia<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Portaerei Cavour (550)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning II<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/harrier-jump-jet\/\">McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II Plus<\/a>, Leonardo AW101, NHIndustries SH-90A<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Nave Trieste (L 9890)<\/span>: <span>Leonardo AW101, NHIndustries SH-90A, NHIndustries MH-90A<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Portaerei Giuseppe Garibaldi (C 551)<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/harrier-jump-jet\/\">McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II Plus<\/a>, Sikorsky SH-3D Sea King, Leonardo AW101<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-idroscalo-sant-andrea\" data-base=\"idroscalo-sant-andrea\" data-x=\"closed closed Servizio Aeronautico della Regia Marina \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Venice-Sant&rsquo;Andrea seaplane station<span>Veneto<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>Squadriglie idrovolanti di Venezia<\/span>: <span>Curtiss flying boats, Macchi M.5, FBA flying boats<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-marieliport-augusta\" data-base=\"marieliport-augusta\" data-x=\"closed closed Marina Militare \" class=\"was\">\n<td>MariEliport Augusta<span>Sicilia<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1959<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>1&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri (foundation)<\/span>: <span>Agusta-Bell AB-47G, Agusta-Bell AB-47J<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"basefind\">No air base matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"oob\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Order of battle<\/div>\n<h2>Who is stationed where in the Italian Naval Aviation<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Flying groups by station. <span class=\"imp\">Aircraft do not belong to ships here: COMFORAER assembles a helicopter or aircraft section to order &mdash; the airframes, the fit and the people &mdash; and assigns it to a frigate, a destroyer or the carrier for the length of a deployment.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"unitfind\" data-filter=\"#oobwrap\" data-item=\".oob\" data-noun=\"installations\" placeholder=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" aria-label=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"unitfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"unitfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"oobwrap\" id=\"oobwrap\">\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Puglia active COMFORAER\">\n<div><span>MARISTAER Grottaglie &middot; LIBG<\/span><em>COMFORAER<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Gruppo Aerei Imbarcati<small>GRUPAER &middot; Carrier air group &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning II<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/harrier-jump-jet\/\">McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II Plus<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>4&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri<small>GRUPELICOT QUATTRO &middot; Helicopter group &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>NHIndustries SH-90A, Schiebel Camcopter S-100<\/dd>\n<dt>Nucleo Lotta Anfibia<small>NLA &middot; Amphibious warfare flight &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>NHIndustries SH-90A, Agusta-Bell SH-212A<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Liguria active COMFORAER\">\n<div><span>MARISTAELI Luni &middot; LIQW<\/span><em>COMFORAER<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>1&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri<small>GRUPELICOT UNO &middot; Helicopter group &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Leonardo SH-101A (AW101), Leonardo MH-101A (AW101)<\/dd>\n<dt>5&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri<small>GRUPELICOT CINQUE &middot; Helicopter group &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>NHIndustries SH-90A, NHIndustries MH-90A<\/dd>\n<dt>Centro Sperimentale Aeromarittimo<small>CSA &middot; Flight test and evaluation centre &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Centro Addestramento e Standardizzazione Volo su Mare<small>CASVM &middot; Training and standardisation centre &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Sicilia active COMFORAER\">\n<div><span>MARISTAELI Catania &middot; LICC<\/span><em>COMFORAER<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>2&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri<small>GRUPELICOT DUE &middot; Helicopter group &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Agusta-Bell SH-212A, Agusta-Bell MH-212B<\/dd>\n<dt>3&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri<small>GRUPELICOT TRE &middot; Helicopter group &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Leonardo SH-101A (AW101), Leonardo EH-101A HEW (AW101)<\/dd>\n<dt>Ufficio Corsi<small>Aircrew and technical school &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Puglia active Comando in Capo della Squadra Navale (CINCNAV)\">\n<div><span>Taranto naval base &middot; <\/span><em>Comando in Capo della Squadra Navale<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Portaerei Cavour (550)<small>Aircraft carrier &middot; ship<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning II<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/harrier-jump-jet\/\">McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II Plus<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Nave Trieste (L 9890)<small>Landing helicopter dock &middot; ship<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Leonardo AW101, NHIndustries SH-90A, NHIndustries MH-90A<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Portaerei Giuseppe Garibaldi (C 551)<small>1985&ndash;2026<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II Plus, Sikorsky SH-3D Sea King, Leonardo AW101<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Lazio active COMFORAER (tenant on an Aeronautica Militare base)\">\n<div><span>Pratica di Mare (SEZAER) &middot; LIRE<\/span><em>COMFORAER<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Sezione Aerea<small>SEZAER &middot; Liaison and light transport section &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Piaggio P-180 Avanti Maritime<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Sicilia active 41&#176; Stormo, Aeronautica Militare\">\n<div><span>Sigonella (88&#176; Gruppo) &middot; LICZ<\/span><em>41&#176; Stormo, Aeronautica Militare<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>88&#176; Gruppo Antisommergibile<small>Maritime patrol squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>ATR P-72A Surveyor<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Puglia active 32&#176; Stormo, Aeronautica Militare\">\n<div><span>Amendola (F-35B partner base) &middot; LIBA<\/span><em>32&#176; Stormo, Aeronautica Militare<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>101&#176; Gruppo Caccia (Aeronautica Militare)<small>Fighter squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning II<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"unitfind\">No unit matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Italian Naval Aviation milestones, 1914 to today<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1913<\/div>\n<p>June: a ministerial decree creates the Servizio Aeronautico della Regia Marina. On 20 July Ammiraglio Paolo Thaon di Revel becomes chief of the naval staff and pushes the new service hard. This is the founding act Italian naval aviation still counts from.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1915<\/div>\n<p>24 May: Italy enters the war with about thirty naval seaplanes, none usable in combat, two airships, twelve front-line pilots, stations at Venice, Porto Corsini and Pesaro, a school at Taranto and the seaplane tender <em>Elba<\/em> at Brindisi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1916<\/div>\n<p>7 September: a royal decree places the naval air service under the war ministry. Thaon di Revel resigns; the decree is not carried out and he returns.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1918<\/div>\n<p>11 November: the service ends the war with 550 seaplanes, 86 fighters and 25 airships. It has lost 121 men and won 405 decorations, including two gold medals for military valour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1920<\/div>\n<p>30 September: Vittorio Emanuele III names the service the Forza Aerea della Regia Marina and grants it a war flag, later decorated with the silver medal for military valour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1931<\/div>\n<p>A law places the navy&rsquo;s air arm under a Regia Aeronautica general and reduces its pilots to the role of aerial observers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1937<\/div>\n<p>A law assigns every military aircraft in Italy to the air force. The navy&rsquo;s air arm ceases to exist; the maritime job passes to an Aviazione Ausiliaria per la Marina run by the air force.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1940<\/div>\n<p>11 November: twenty-one Swordfish from HMS <em>Illustrious<\/em> cripple the battleships <em>Littorio<\/em>, <em>Duilio<\/em> and <em>Cavour<\/em> at Taranto. Italy has forty-two Ro.43 floatplanes at sea and no carrier.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1943<\/div>\n<p>June: work stops on the carriers <em>Aquila<\/em> and <em>Sparviero<\/em>, converted from liners, at 90 and 40 per cent complete. Neither ever operates an aircraft.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1952<\/div>\n<p>19 December: two Curtiss SB2C-5 Helldivers given by the United States to rebuild a naval air arm reach Naples-Capodichino and are taken on charge by the air force under the 1937 law. It also refuses to recognise the qualifications the navy&rsquo;s crews earned in the United States.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1956<\/div>\n<p>A law limits the air force&rsquo;s monopoly to fixed-wing aircraft above 1,500 kg. On 1 August the 1&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri forms at Augusta with Agusta-Bell AB-47G helicopters &mdash; the modern Aviazione Navale&rsquo;s birthday.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1957<\/div>\n<p>7 October: Law 968 creates the Aviazione Antisommergibile &mdash; air force squadrons with crews half-manned by the navy, air force logistics, navy operational control &mdash; run by a coordination office under the chief of the naval staff and headed by an air force general.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1964<\/div>\n<p>31 October: a tornado hits the hangars at Catania-Fontanarossa at about 2.30 in the afternoon. Seven of the ten serviceable SH-34 Seabats burn to magnesium powder. The station is rebuilt on a new site south of the runway by December 1967.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1969<\/div>\n<p>1 November: the 5&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri forms at the new station at Luni. The helicopter cruiser <em>Vittorio Veneto<\/em>, able to carry six SH-3D Sea Kings, enters service the same year.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1976<\/div>\n<p>1 March: the 4&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri forms at Grottaglie, and AB-212ASW deliveries begin. The station command follows in 1979.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1984<\/div>\n<p>20 December: with the <em>Garibaldi<\/em> fitting out at Monfalcone, nineteen senators table bill no. 1083 asking for a naval air arm. The first signatory is Severino Fallucchi, a retired admiral.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1985<\/div>\n<p>30 September: the <em>Giuseppe Garibaldi<\/em> enters service with a ski-jump, a 174-metre flight deck and no aeroplanes, because the law will not let her have any.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1989<\/div>\n<p>1 February: Law no. 36, published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale on 8 February, allows the navy to own embarked fixed-wing aircraft. Article 2 keeps air defence with the air force; article 4 obliges the navy to use air force test establishments; article 5 funds it with two billion lire.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1991<\/div>\n<p>1 February: GRUPAER is constituted. The first two TAV-8B are handed over at Cherry Point on 7 June and formally received on the <em>Garibaldi<\/em> at Norfolk on 23 August; they reach Grottaglie on 24 September.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1995<\/div>\n<p>11 January to 23 March: the first operational use of the new air group, covering the United Nations withdrawal from Somalia with Harriers, Sea Kings, AB-212s and army Mangustas flown from the <em>Garibaldi<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1999<\/div>\n<p>13 May: Harriers of GRUPAER begin flying from the <em>Garibaldi<\/em> over Kosovo &mdash; thirty sorties and 63 flying hours with Mk 82 and GBU-16 bombs and AGM-65 Mavericks.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2001<\/div>\n<p>19 March: the first EH-101 is accepted, in three versions &mdash; maritime patrol, early warning and assault support. In December the <em>Garibaldi<\/em> sails for the Indian Ocean, where her Harriers fly 288 missions and 860 hours over Afghanistan.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2009<\/div>\n<p>10 June: the <em>Cavour<\/em> receives her battle flag at Civitavecchia and enters service. She becomes flagship in 2011.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2011<\/div>\n<p>Libya: the <em>Garibaldi<\/em> is command ship from 25 March to 26 July on Operation Unified Protector and her air group flies 1,221 hours. On 15 June the first NH90 NFH is delivered to the 5&#176; Gruppo at Luni.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2018<\/div>\n<p>25 January: the first Italian naval F-35B is handed over. It stays in the United States: crews train with VMFAT-501 of the United States Marine Corps under a pooling arrangement signed the same year.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2021<\/div>\n<p>1 March: an F-35B of the Patuxent River Integrated Test Force makes the first landing on the <em>Cavour<\/em> off Norfolk during the Ready for Operations certification campaign. On 30 July an Italian naval F-35B, MM7454, lands on the ship in the Gulf of Taranto &mdash; the first Italian naval deck landing. In November two Italian F-35Bs land on HMS <em>Queen Elizabeth<\/em> and two American ones on the <em>Cavour<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2022<\/div>\n<p>16 December: the first two Italian naval F-35Bs land on the <em>Cavour<\/em> after flying home from Beaufort, escorted in by Harriers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2024<\/div>\n<p>26 August: initial operational capability declared aboard the <em>Cavour<\/em> at Yokosuka, four months early. On 1 October the <em>Garibaldi<\/em> goes into reserve and on 7 December the <em>Trieste<\/em> is delivered.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>24 August: the <em>Garibaldi<\/em> lowers her flag at Taranto and sails for Indonesia, reaching Jakarta on 18 September to become KRI <em>Sriwijaya<\/em>. In June the United States Marine Corps retires its last Harriers, leaving Italy and Spain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"news\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">From the magazine<\/div>\n<h2>Italian Naval Aviation news from Afterburner<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Everything MiGFlug&rsquo;s magazine has published on the Italian Naval Aviation and the aircraft it flies. <span class=\"imp\">This list refreshes itself &mdash; new Afterburner stories appear here automatically.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ngrid\" id=\"newsgrid\" data-cats=\"664,670,666\" data-term=\"italy\" data-match=\"ital(y|ian)|aeronautica|marina militare|esercito|carabinieri|guardia di finanza|vigili del fuoco|frecce|tricolori|f-2000|\\bamx\\b|mangusta|aermacchi|macchi|fiat g\\.|aerfer|piaggio|savoia|caproni|leonardo|alenia|siai|m-346|t-346|m-345|cavour|garibaldi|sigonella|aviano|decimomannu|ghedi|amendola|grosseto|rivolto|cameri|pratica di mare|trapani|gioia del colle|istrana|balbo|canadair|agusta\" data-reject=\"ITA Airways|Alitalia|Air Italy|AeroItalia|Neos Air|Italeri\"><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/italy-blocks-us-bombers-mid-flight-over-sigonella\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph20\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-04-09\">9 April 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Italy Blocks US Bombers Mid-Flight Over Sigonella<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">On the night of March 27, a group of American military aircraft was already airborne, heading east across the Atlantic toward the Med&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/italian-eurofighter-f-2000-hit-taif-king-fahd-houthi-2026\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph21\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-09-19\">19 September 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Italian Typhoon Hit at Ta&rsquo;if: Houthi Strike Damages an F-2000<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">An Italian Air Force F-2000A Eurofighter was hit while parked at King Fahd Air Base, Ta&rsquo;if, overnight on 17 to 18 September. Rome&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/macchi-mc72-fastest-seaplane-record\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph22\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-23\">23 August 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Macchi M.C.72: The Fastest Seaplane Ever Built<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">In 1934 Francesco Agello flew the Macchi M.C.72 at 709 km\/h over Lake Garda, a piston-engine seaplane speed record that still stands ninety&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/aermacchi-mb-339-fifty-years-first-flight-1976\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph23\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-28\">28 August 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Aermacchi MB-339 at Fifty: The Trainer That Went to War<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">Fifty years after its first flight, the Aermacchi MB-339 has trained 2,500 Italian pilots, attacked a Royal Navy frigate, and still flies&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/canada-leonardo-m-346-trainer-talks-italy-2026\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph24\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-06-25\">25 June 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Canada Picks an Italian Jet to Train Its Pilots<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">When you buy a front-line fighter, you also have to solve a quieter problem: how to train the pilots who will fly it. On 16 June 2026&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/fiat-g55-centauro-italian-fighter-1943\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph25\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-09-14\">14 September 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Fiat G.55 Centauro: Italy&rsquo;s Best Fighter, Built Too Late<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">A German commission flew it against the Bf 109G and Fw 190 and called it the best fighter in the Axis. Italy managed to build 164 of them.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"nmore\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/\">All stories in Afterburner<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about the Italian Naval Aviation<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What is Italian Naval Aviation?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It is the air arm of the Marina Militare, called the Aviazione Navale and run by a single command, COMFORAER, in Rome. It owns about 124 crewed aircraft &mdash; ten <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35B Lightning IIs<\/a>, twelve <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/harrier-jump-jet\/\">Harriers<\/a>, three Piaggio P-180s and ninety-nine helicopters &mdash; from three air stations at Grottaglie, Luni and Catania, plus a small section at the air force base at Pratica di Mare. Its job is carrier strike, anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare from frigates and destroyers, amphibious assault, special operations support, airborne early warning and search and rescue. It is entirely separate from the Aeronautica Militare, which flies F-35Bs of its own.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why was the Italian Navy not allowed to have aeroplanes?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Because of a law. Italy created the Regia Aeronautica as a separate service in 1923; a law of 1931 put the navy&rsquo;s air arm under an air force general, and a law of 1937 assigned every military aircraft in the country to the air force. The rule survived the fall of the monarchy and the founding of the republic, so that when the United States gave Italy two Curtiss Helldivers in December 1952 specifically to rebuild a naval air arm, the air force took them on charge at Naples-Capodichino and refused to recognise the flying qualifications the navy&rsquo;s crews had earned in America. A law of 1956 limited the monopoly to fixed-wing aircraft above 1,500 kg, which let the navy have helicopters. Fixed-wing flying came back only with Law no. 36 of 1 February 1989.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What did the 1989 law actually say?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Law no. 36 of 1 February 1989, published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale of 8 February, is five short articles long. Article 1 lets the navy deploy embarked aircraft as organic units. Article 2 keeps the organisation, direction, coordination and control of all air defence with the air force. Article 3 says navy personnel with the right military qualifications fly them, with air force pilots assignable if the chief of the defence staff decides. Article 4 obliges the navy to use air force technical bodies for the study, testing and trials of its embarked aircraft. Article 5 funded it with two billion lire for 1989 and was repealed in 2010 when the defence code was consolidated. The bill behind it, no. 1083 of 20 December 1984, was signed by nineteen senators, the first of them a retired admiral, Severino Fallucchi.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many F-35Bs does the Italian Navy have?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Ten in service, out of twenty contracted. FlightGlobal&rsquo;s World Air Forces 2026 directory gives ten; the navy&rsquo;s own website says GRUPAER will hold a fleet of twenty when deliveries end. Fifteen were in the original commitment and five more were added in the 2024&ndash;2026 defence planning document. They are assembled at Cameri, the only <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35<\/a> final assembly line outside the United States. The Aeronautica Militare flies its own F-35Bs, separately, with the 101&#176; Gruppo at Amendola &mdash; which is a different squadron of a different service, not a naval unit.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does Italy still fly the Harrier?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Eleven AV-8B Harrier II Plus and one TAV-8B trainer were still on charge in 2026, out of eighteen bought &mdash; two trainers and sixteen radar-equipped single-seaters ordered in 1990, the last built under licence by Alenia and delivered in November 1997. The phase-out was once planned for 2023 and has slipped. When the United States Marine Corps retired its last <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/harrier-jump-jet\/\">Harriers<\/a> in June 2026, Italy and Spain became the only operators left in the world. Italy uses the aircraft chiefly as a fleet air defence interceptor with AMRAAM and Sidewinder, with attack as the secondary role &mdash; the reverse of the American practice.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which aircraft carriers does the Italian Navy have?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">One, the <em>Cavour<\/em> (550), in service since 10 June 2009: 29,900 tonnes, a 220 by 34.5 metre flight deck with seven simultaneous spots, a 180-metre take-off run ending in a 12-degree ski-jump, officially 22 aircraft embarked. The amphibious assault ship <em>Trieste<\/em> (L 9890), delivered on 7 December 2024 and presented with her battle flag on 26 October 2025, has a ski-jump and a 230-metre deck and is meant to act as the alternative carrier, but the programme to clear her for the F-35B runs from 2025 to 2034 and costs about 172 million euros. The <em>Giuseppe Garibaldi<\/em>, in service from 1985, lowered her flag on 24 August 2026 and was given to Indonesia.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to the Giuseppe Garibaldi?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">She was given away. The ship that forced the 1989 law into existence went into reserve at Taranto on 1 October 2024 after a last year as flagship of the NATO Response Force. A transfer to Indonesia was made official on 23 September 2025, reported at the time as a 450-million-dollar deal including a conversion; Italy later dropped the price and ceded her free of charge, saving about five million euros a year in upkeep and roughly 18.7 million in scrapping costs. About a hundred Indonesian sailors trained aboard her at Taranto during 2026. She lowered her flag on the evening of 24 August 2026 and reached Jakarta on 17 September, to be rebuilt by Fincantieri as a helicopter and drone carrier and renamed KRI <em>Sriwijaya<\/em>.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Where do Italian naval aircraft fly from?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">From three air stations and one borrowed apron, and none of them is a naval airfield in the way Yeovilton or Landivisiau is. MARISTAER Grottaglie, on the Taranto-Grottaglie civil airport, holds the fixed-wing group and the 4&#176; Gruppo Elicotteri. MARISTAELI Luni, on a 905-metre military strip near Sarzana shared with the coast guard and a flying club, holds the AW101 and NH90 groups and all the force&rsquo;s trials, simulation and ditching-training centres. MARISTAELI Catania, on the south side of Catania-Fontanarossa, holds the AB-212 and AW101 groups and the specialist school every technician and aircrewman goes through. SEZAER at Pratica di Mare, an air force base, holds three P-180s.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does the Italian Navy have airborne early warning helicopters?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It has four, and that is unusual. The EH-101A HEW version of the AW101 carries a long-range search radar to give a task group and its fighters a picture beyond the horizon, a job that on an American or French carrier is done by a fixed-wing E-2 Hawkeye. Outside the Royal Navy almost nobody else flies one. Italy&rsquo;s four were reported in 2022 to be held in reserve while the navy decided whether to convert them to a utility fit &mdash; a budget decision with a real operational cost, and one reason the navy is now looking at a carrier-capable drone, the Bayraktar TB3, to fill the gap.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is the Italian Coast Guard part of naval aviation?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Not for this purpose. The Capitanerie di porto &mdash; Guardia Costiera is legally a corps of the Marina Militare, but it is run day to day by the ministry of infrastructure and transport, and its ATR 42 maritime patrol aircraft and AW139 helicopters are its own, not COMFORAER&rsquo;s. The two do share a fence: the coast guard&rsquo;s 1st helicopter section, its main aeronautical store and its flight standardisation centre sit on the same field at Sarzana-Luni as MARISTAELI Luni. The AW139 is a coast guard aircraft, not a navy one.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why do the Italian Air Force and the Navy both fly the F-35B?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Because neither would give way. Italy committed to thirty F-35Bs; the navy asked for twenty-two, was cut to eighteen and then fifteen, and argued it needed all thirty for the <em>Cavour<\/em> and later the <em>Trieste<\/em>, while the air force wanted fifteen for operations from short and unprepared strips. The compromise was two bases &mdash; Grottaglie for the navy, Amendola for the air force, where the 101&#176; Gruppo was reactivated on 1 July 2025 &mdash; with either service able to hand the other a package of aircraft, pilots and maintainers under its operational command. The chief of the air staff defended the duplication on dispersal grounds. Critics inside the Italian defence community say the country cannot afford two STOVL organisations, and point to the British case, where the RAF absorbed Royal Navy carrier aviation and naval flying disappeared altogether.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How big is the Italian naval air arm compared with the French one?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Smaller, and differently shaped. The French A&#233;ronautique navale has about 178 aircraft and 6,800 people, four naval air bases of its own, a nuclear-powered carrier with catapults and arrestor wires, about 41 Rafale M and three E-2C Hawkeyes. Italy has about 124 crewed aircraft, three air stations on other people&rsquo;s airfields, a ski-jump carrier and twenty-two fast jets. France can launch a heavy, long-range aircraft and a fixed-wing radar aircraft; Italy cannot. What Italy has that France does not is a fifth-generation fighter at sea today, and two decks that can take it once the <em>Trieste<\/em> work is done.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is Italian Naval Aviation?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It is the air arm of the Marina Militare, called the Aviazione Navale and run by a single command, COMFORAER, in Rome. It owns about 124 crewed aircraft \\u2014 ten F-35B Lightning IIs, twelve Harriers, three Piaggio P-180s and ninety-nine helicopters \\u2014 from three air stations at Grottaglie, Luni and Catania, plus a small section at the air force base at Pratica di Mare. Its job is carrier strike, anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare from frigates and destroyers, amphibious assault, special operations support, airborne early warning and search and rescue. It is entirely separate from the Aeronautica Militare, which flies F-35Bs of its own.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why was the Italian Navy not allowed to have aeroplanes?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Because of a law. Italy created the Regia Aeronautica as a separate service in 1923; a law of 1931 put the navy\\u2019s air arm under an air force general, and a law of 1937 assigned every military aircraft in the country to the air force. The rule survived the fall of the monarchy and the founding of the republic, so that when the United States gave Italy two Curtiss Helldivers in December 1952 specifically to rebuild a naval air arm, the air force took them on charge at Naples-Capodichino and refused to recognise the flying qualifications the navy\\u2019s crews had earned in America. A law of 1956 limited the monopoly to fixed-wing aircraft above 1,500 kg, which let the navy have helicopters. Fixed-wing flying came back only with Law no. 36 of 1 February 1989.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What did the 1989 law actually say?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Law no. 36 of 1 February 1989, published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale of 8 February, is five short articles long. Article 1 lets the navy deploy embarked aircraft as organic units. Article 2 keeps the organisation, direction, coordination and control of all air defence with the air force. Article 3 says navy personnel with the right military qualifications fly them, with air force pilots assignable if the chief of the defence staff decides. Article 4 obliges the navy to use air force technical bodies for the study, testing and trials of its embarked aircraft. Article 5 funded it with two billion lire for 1989 and was repealed in 2010 when the defence code was consolidated. The bill behind it, no. 1083 of 20 December 1984, was signed by nineteen senators, the first of them a retired admiral, Severino Fallucchi.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many F-35Bs does the Italian Navy have?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Ten in service, out of twenty contracted. FlightGlobal\\u2019s World Air Forces 2026 directory gives ten; the navy\\u2019s own website says GRUPAER will hold a fleet of twenty when deliveries end. Fifteen were in the original commitment and five more were added in the 2024\\u20132026 defence planning document. They are assembled at Cameri, the only F-35 final assembly line outside the United States. The Aeronautica Militare flies its own F-35Bs, separately, with the 101\\u00b0 Gruppo at Amendola \\u2014 which is a different squadron of a different service, not a naval unit.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does Italy still fly the Harrier?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Eleven AV-8B Harrier II Plus and one TAV-8B trainer were still on charge in 2026, out of eighteen bought \\u2014 two trainers and sixteen radar-equipped single-seaters ordered in 1990, the last built under licence by Alenia and delivered in November 1997. The phase-out was once planned for 2023 and has slipped. When the United States Marine Corps retired its last Harriers in June 2026, Italy and Spain became the only operators left in the world. Italy uses the aircraft chiefly as a fleet air defence interceptor with AMRAAM and Sidewinder, with attack as the secondary role \\u2014 the reverse of the American practice.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which aircraft carriers does the Italian Navy have?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"One, the Cavour (550), in service since 10 June 2009: 29,900 tonnes, a 220 by 34.5 metre flight deck with seven simultaneous spots, a 180-metre take-off run ending in a 12-degree ski-jump, officially 22 aircraft embarked. The amphibious assault ship Trieste (L 9890), delivered on 7 December 2024 and presented with her battle flag on 26 October 2025, has a ski-jump and a 230-metre deck and is meant to act as the alternative carrier, but the programme to clear her for the F-35B runs from 2025 to 2034 and costs about 172 million euros. The Giuseppe Garibaldi, in service from 1985, lowered her flag on 24 August 2026 and was given to Indonesia.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to the Giuseppe Garibaldi?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"She was given away. The ship that forced the 1989 law into existence went into reserve at Taranto on 1 October 2024 after a last year as flagship of the NATO Response Force. A transfer to Indonesia was made official on 23 September 2025, reported at the time as a 450-million-dollar deal including a conversion; Italy later dropped the price and ceded her free of charge, saving about five million euros a year in upkeep and roughly 18.7 million in scrapping costs. About a hundred Indonesian sailors trained aboard her at Taranto during 2026. She lowered her flag on the evening of 24 August 2026 and reached Jakarta on 17 September, to be rebuilt by Fincantieri as a helicopter and drone carrier and renamed KRI Sriwijaya.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where do Italian naval aircraft fly from?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"From three air stations and one borrowed apron, and none of them is a naval airfield in the way Yeovilton or Landivisiau is. MARISTAER Grottaglie, on the Taranto-Grottaglie civil airport, holds the fixed-wing group and the 4\\u00b0 Gruppo Elicotteri. MARISTAELI Luni, on a 905-metre military strip near Sarzana shared with the coast guard and a flying club, holds the AW101 and NH90 groups and all the force\\u2019s trials, simulation and ditching-training centres. MARISTAELI Catania, on the south side of Catania-Fontanarossa, holds the AB-212 and AW101 groups and the specialist school every technician and aircrewman goes through. SEZAER at Pratica di Mare, an air force base, holds three P-180s.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does the Italian Navy have airborne early warning helicopters?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It has four, and that is unusual. The EH-101A HEW version of the AW101 carries a long-range search radar to give a task group and its fighters a picture beyond the horizon, a job that on an American or French carrier is done by a fixed-wing E-2 Hawkeye. Outside the Royal Navy almost nobody else flies one. Italy\\u2019s four were reported in 2022 to be held in reserve while the navy decided whether to convert them to a utility fit \\u2014 a budget decision with a real operational cost, and one reason the navy is now looking at a carrier-capable drone, the Bayraktar TB3, to fill the gap.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is the Italian Coast Guard part of naval aviation?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not for this purpose. The Capitanerie di porto \\u2014 Guardia Costiera is legally a corps of the Marina Militare, but it is run day to day by the ministry of infrastructure and transport, and its ATR 42 maritime patrol aircraft and AW139 helicopters are its own, not COMFORAER\\u2019s. The two do share a fence: the coast guard\\u2019s 1st helicopter section, its main aeronautical store and its flight standardisation centre sit on the same field at Sarzana-Luni as MARISTAELI Luni. The AW139 is a coast guard aircraft, not a navy one.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why do the Italian Air Force and the Navy both fly the F-35B?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Because neither would give way. Italy committed to thirty F-35Bs; the navy asked for twenty-two, was cut to eighteen and then fifteen, and argued it needed all thirty for the Cavour and later the Trieste, while the air force wanted fifteen for operations from short and unprepared strips. The compromise was two bases \\u2014 Grottaglie for the navy, Amendola for the air force, where the 101\\u00b0 Gruppo was reactivated on 1 July 2025 \\u2014 with either service able to hand the other a package of aircraft, pilots and maintainers under its operational command. The chief of the air staff defended the duplication on dispersal grounds. Critics inside the Italian defence community say the country cannot afford two STOVL organisations, and point to the British case, where the RAF absorbed Royal Navy carrier aviation and naval flying disappeared altogether.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How big is the Italian naval air arm compared with the French one?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Smaller, and differently shaped. The French A\\u00e9ronautique navale has about 178 aircraft and 6,800 people, four naval air bases of its own, a nuclear-powered carrier with catapults and arrestor wires, about 41 Rafale M and three E-2C Hawkeyes. Italy has about 124 crewed aircraft, three air stations on other people\\u2019s airfields, a ski-jump carrier and twenty-two fast jets. France can launch a heavy, long-range aircraft and a fixed-wing radar aircraft; Italy cannot. What Italy has that France does not is a fifth-generation fighter at sea today, and two decks that can take it once the Trieste work is done.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"gallery\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Read the aircraft the Italian Naval Aviation flew<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type with a page in the Book of Beasts, in service first, then by the year it left the fleet.<\/p>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning II<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/harrier-jump-jet\/\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II Plus<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/harrier-jump-jet\/\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>McDonnell Douglas TAV-8B Harrier II<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/reggiane-re-2000\/\"><span class=\"im ph16\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Reggiane Re.2000 Catapultabile<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><\/b><em>1942&ndash;1943<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marina.difesa.it\/noi-siamo-la-marina\/pilastro-operativo\/mezzi\/forze-aeree\/Pagine\/aviazionenavaleoggi.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Marina Militare: Aviazione navale oggi<\/a><span>the navy&rsquo;s own account: Law 36 of 1989, GRUPAER constituted 1 February 1991 with 16 AV-8B Plus, Nucleo Lotta Anfibia 2 May 1994, COMFORAER 1 January 2000 and its war flag 10 June 2005, first EH-101 19 March 2001 in MPH, HEW and ASH versions, CSA 1 January 2006, first P-180 4 October 2001, Cavour deck of seven spots and 6,800 square metres, NH90 line of 56 (46 SH-90A and 10 MH-90A), and a planned fleet of 20 F-35B<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marina.difesa.it\/media-cultura\/Notiziario-online\/Pagine\/20240830_Raggiunta_Capacit%C3%A0_Operativa_F35B.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Marina Militare: Italian Carrier Strike Group, raggiunta la Capacit&#224; Operativa Iniziale dei velivoli F-35B<\/a><span>IOC declared by Ammiraglio di squadra Enrico Credendino on 26 August 2024 aboard the Cavour at Yokosuka, four months early, after 2,600 flying hours and 2,700 maintenance actions, by GRUPAER with the support of the 32&#176; Stormo<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marina.difesa.it\/media-cultura\/Notiziario-online\/Pagine\/20221221_Rientrati_dagli_USA_i_primi_due_F35B_consegnati_alla_Marina_Militare.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Marina Militare: Rientrati dagli USA i primi due F-35B consegnati alla Marina Militare<\/a><span>Pooling Implementing Arrangement signed 2018 with the US Marine Corps, training with VMFAT-501 of MAG-31 at Beaufort, ceremony 29 November 2022, aircraft 4-01 and 4-02 landing on the Cavour on 16 December 2022 with KC-767A, C-130J and P-72A support<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marina.difesa.it\/noi-siamo-la-marina\/organizzazione\/comandi-basi-enti\/basiaeree\/Pagine\/Grottaglie.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Marina Militare: MARISTAER Grottaglie<\/a><span>160 hectares, perimeter a little over 6 km, use of the 3,280 m civil runway 35\/17, five hangar areas, GRUPAER and the 4&#176; Gruppo, named after Marcello Arlotta<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marina.difesa.it\/noi-siamo-la-marina\/organizzazione\/comandi-basi-enti\/basiaeree\/Pagine\/Luni.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Marina Militare: MARISTAELI Luni<\/a><span>station operational 1 November 1969 with the 5&#176; Gruppo, 1&#176; Gruppo arrives 1971, named after Ammiraglio Giovanni Fiorini, three centres of excellence, 600 people and more than 190,000 flying hours<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marina.difesa.it\/noi-siamo-la-marina\/organizzazione\/comandi-basi-enti\/basiaeree\/Pagine\/Catania.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Marina Militare: MARISTAELI Catania<\/a><span>MariEliport Augusta from 1 August 1956, move to Catania 1959, the tornado of 31 October 1964 at about 14.30 and the loss of seven SH-34, the three ex-Saratoga <em>calmieri<\/em>, the rebuilt station handed over in December 1967<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marina.difesa.it\/noi-siamo-la-marina\/pilastro-operativo\/mezzi\/forze-aeree\/Pagine\/F-35B.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Marina Militare: F-35B<\/a><span>navy specification page for the F-35B<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marina.difesa.it\/noi-siamo-la-marina\/pilastro-operativo\/mezzi\/forze-aeree\/Pagine\/av8b.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Marina Militare: AV-8B Harrier II Plus<\/a><span>the navy&rsquo;s own statement that it uses the Harrier chiefly as a fleet air defence interceptor with attack as the secondary role; armament and performance<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marina.difesa.it\/noi-siamo-la-marina\/pilastro-operativo\/mezzi\/forze-aeree\/Pagine\/EH101.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Marina Militare: SH-101A \/ EH-101<\/a><span>roles, 15,600 kg maximum weight, five hours&rsquo; endurance, crew of four, four Mk 46 or MU90 torpedoes in the ASW fit and Marte missiles in the ASuW fit<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marina.difesa.it\/noi-siamo-la-marina\/pilastro-operativo\/mezzi\/forze-aeree\/Pagine\/NH90.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Marina Militare: SH-90A (NH90 NFH)<\/a><span>roles, folding blades and tail, fourteen equipped soldiers, MU90 torpedo and Marte Mk2\/S, 1,150 km radius of action<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marina.difesa.it\/noi-siamo-la-marina\/pilastro-operativo\/mezzi\/forze-aeree\/Pagine\/ab212.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Marina Militare: SH-212A (AB-212ASW)<\/a><span>Agusta licence taken in 1969, strengthened salt-proofed airframe, APS-705 radar, AQS-13B dipping sonar, STAR SAFIRE II, Teseo datalink, two Mk 46 torpedoes<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marina.difesa.it\/noi-siamo-la-marina\/pilastro-operativo\/mezzi\/forze-aeree\/Pagine\/p180Maritime.aspx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Marina Militare: P-180 Maritime<\/a><span>kits for VIP, high density, FLIR, cargo, combi and air ambulance use; up to seven passengers; 1,850 km radius<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.edizionieuropee.it\/law\/html\/22\/zn46_07_015.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Legge 1 febbraio 1989, n. 36 &mdash; Utilizzo da parte della Marina militare di aerei imbarcati<\/a><span>full text: published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale of 8 February 1989, no. 32; article 2 keeps air defence with the air force, article 4 obliges use of air force technical bodies, article 5 funds two billion lire for 1989 and was repealed by legislative decree 66 of 15 March 2010<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/documenti.camera.it\/leg18\/dossier\/pdf\/DI0523.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Camera dei deputati: schema di decreto ministeriale, programma SMD 13\/2022 &mdash; Mid Life Update EH-101<\/a><span>AW101 mid-life update: total programme 2,105.16 million euros, 1,195 million financed over fifteen years, 2022 to 2031, converging on the air force CSAR standard<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aresdifesa.it\/cento-elicotteri-in-servizio-con-la-marina-militare\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ares Difesa: Cento elicotteri in servizio con la Marina Militare<\/a><span>2022 breakdown: 22 AW101 (10 ASW\/ASuW, 8 ASH with ramp, 4 HEW then in reserve), 42 SH-90, 10 MH-90, 26 AB-212, and the navy&rsquo;s stated wish to keep a medium-light helicopter line<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aresdifesa.it\/site-activation-della-lhd-trieste-per-le-operazioni-con-gli-f-35b\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ares Difesa: Site activation della LHD Trieste per le operazioni con gli F-35B<\/a><span>about 172 million euros over 2025&ndash;2034 in two phases, 50 million and 122 million; ship dimensions, hangar for up to 14 aircraft, eight helicopter spots, JPALS as fitted to the Cavour<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/reports\/world-air-forces-directory-2026\/161103.article\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">FlightGlobal: World Air Forces 2026, page 23<\/a><span>Italian Navy inventory: 10 F-35B, 11 AV-8B+, 1 TAV-8B, 3 P-180, 10 SH-101A, 8 MH-101A, 4 EH-101A, 45 SH-90A, 10 MH-90A, 22 AB-212, 2 Camcopter S-100, 10 ScanEagle<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2024\/06\/lit-csg-con-la-portaerei-cavour-salpa-per-la-campagna-operativa-nellindo-pacifico\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Analisi Difesa: l&rsquo;IT CSG con la portaerei Cavour salpa per la campagna operativa nell&rsquo;Indo-Pacifico<\/a><span>departure from Taranto 1 June 2024 with the frigate Alpino, more than a dozen F-35B and AV-8B+ embarked, about ten countries visited, five-month campaign, exercise Pitch Black<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2022\/01\/verso-lintegrazione-degli-f-35b-di-marina-e-aeronautica\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Analisi Difesa: verso l&rsquo;integrazione degli F-35B di Marina e Aeronautica<\/a><span>the Italian approach is not the British one: distinct services with transferable operational control; GRUPAER at Grottaglie, 32&#176; Stormo at Amendola; 30 F-35B planned across the two services<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.analisidifesa.it\/2023\/10\/completate-le-consegne-di-elicotteri-nh90-della-marina-militare-italiana\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Analisi Difesa: completate le consegne degli elicotteri NH90 alla Marina Militare italiana<\/a><span>56 delivered, 46 SH-90A and 10 MH-90A, first in 2011 and last presented at MARISTAELI Luni on 29 September 2023, more than 35,000 flying hours, all assembled at Venice-Tessera, Level D simulator installed at Luni<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/theaviationist.com\/2025\/07\/01\/101-gruppo-f-35b\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Aviationist: Italian Air Force stands up new F-35B squadron<\/a><span>101&#176; Gruppo reactivated 1 July 2025 at Amendola under the 32&#176; Stormo on the F-35B, making four Italian Air Force Lightning squadrons<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.startmag.it\/innovazione\/f-35b-gli-scazzi-aeronautica-marina-e-il-caso-grottaglie\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Startmag: F-35B, gli scazzi Aeronautica-Marina e il caso Grottaglie<\/a><span>commentary by a former air force pilot on the inter-service dispute: the navy&rsquo;s request cut from 22 to 18 to 15, the Cavour&rsquo;s 78 million euros of modifications and realistic capacity of 8 to 10 F-35B, Grottaglie&rsquo;s limited infrastructure and spaceport designation, and about 800 Harrier flying hours across the whole fleet in 2019. Opinion, quoted as such.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/nonsolomarescialli.it\/f-35b-accordo-per-due-basi-tra-marina-e-aeronautica\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Non Solo Marescialli: F-35B, accordo per due basi tra Marina e Aeronautica<\/a><span>the two-base agreement, Grottaglie for the navy and Amendola for the air force, with transferable packages of aircraft, pilots and maintainers; Generale Luca Goretti on dispersal<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zona-militar.com\/en\/2026\/02\/15\/with-its-imminent-retirement-from-the-u-s-marines-the-spanish-navy-is-on-track-to-become-the-worlds-last-av-8b-harrier-operator\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Zona Militar: with its imminent retirement from the US Marines, the Spanish Navy is on track to become the world&rsquo;s last AV-8B Harrier operator<\/a><span>USMC Harrier retirement in the first week of June 2026; Italian Harriers at Grottaglie expected to serve to about 2030 on this account, a date the Italian Navy has not itself published<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.adriaports.com\/it\/shipping\/marina-militare-droni-tb3-sulla-cavour-con-leonardo\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AdriaPorts: Marina Militare, droni TB3 sulla Cavour con Leonardo<\/a><span>announced at a Senate hearing on 25 March 2026; Bayraktar TB3 through LBA Systems, the Leonardo&ndash;Baykar joint venture; Italy would be the first European operator; no quantity or date given<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aresdifesa.it\/la-trasformazione-della-marina-militare-verso-la-piena-capacita-di-quinta-generazione-con-f-35-e-droni\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ares Difesa: la trasformazione della Marina Militare verso la piena capacit&#224; di quinta generazione con F-35 e droni<\/a><span>Cavour deck reinforcement for a 27-tonne aircraft against the Harrier&rsquo;s 14, Trieste to be enabled progressively with work from 2026, study of a STOVL drone to fill the early-warning gap, full operational capability targeted for 2030<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/it.euronews.com\/my-europe\/2026\/08\/24\/nave-garibaldi-salpa-per-lindonesia-lultimo-viaggio-dellex-ammiraglia-italiana\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Euronews: Nave Garibaldi salpa per l&rsquo;Indonesia, l&rsquo;ultimo viaggio dell&rsquo;ex ammiraglia italiana<\/a><span>flag lowered in the Mar Grande at Taranto on the evening of 24 August 2026; free transfer; about 5 million euros a year of upkeep and 18.7 million of scrapping costs avoided; Enduring Freedom 288 missions and 860 hours, Libya, command ship 25 March to 26 July 2011, 1,221 flying hours<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.noinotizie.it\/19-09-2026\/nave-garibaldi-dopo-lultimo-ammainabandiera-a-taranto-e-arrivata-a-giakarta-si-chiamera-kri-sriwijaya\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Noi Notizie: Nave Garibaldi, dopo l&rsquo;ultimo ammainabandiera a Taranto &#232; arrivata a Giakarta, si chiamer&#224; KRI Sriwijaya<\/a><span>arrival in Indonesia in September 2026 and the new name<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/difesanews.com\/marina-militare-tre-nuovi-ammiragli-di-divisione-nel-2026\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Difesa News: Marina Militare, tre nuovi Ammiragli di Divisione nel 2026<\/a><span>Giancarlo Ciappina named for promotion to ammiraglio di divisione with effect from 1 January 2026 while serving as Comandante delle Forze Aeree della Marina<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.antennasud.com\/marina-militare-avvicendamento-comando-forze-aeree-grottaglie\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Antenna Sud: Marina Militare, avvicendamento Comando Forze Aeree Grottaglie<\/a><span>change of command at MARISTAER Grottaglie on 16 June 2023, Contrammiraglio Giancarlo Ciappina succeeding Contrammiraglio Marco Casapieri before Ammiraglio Aurelio De Carolis<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aviohub.it\/2025\/02\/la-stazione-elicotteri-della-marina-militare-maristaeli-luni\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AvioHub: la Stazione Elicotteri della Marina Militare MARISTAELI Luni<\/a><span>the CASVM established in 2023, the Level D Full Crew Mission Simulator for EH-101 and SH-90, the Modular Egress Training System with its 25-metre pool, about 450,000 square metres of site and a 1,000-metre strip plus helicopter pads<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.enac.gov.it\/sites\/default\/files\/allegati\/2021-Lug\/Regolamento%20di%20Scalo%20di%20Sarzana%20Luni.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ENAC: Regolamento di Scalo dell&rsquo;aeroporto di Sarzana-Luni &quot;Bartolomeo Arrigoni&quot;<\/a><span>official aerodrome data for LIQW: ARP 44&#176;05&#8242;20&#8243;N 009&#176;59&#8242;20&#8243;E, elevation 45 ft, aerodrome reference code 1A, airspace class G, Milano FIR, VFR only, military field open to civil traffic<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aeci.it\/upload\/files\/aeroporti-aperti-%20VDS.Avanzato-AD-1-3.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AIP Italia (ENAV), AD 1.3 &mdash; list of aerodromes<\/a><span>location indicators and permitted traffic: TARANTO\/Grottaglie LIBG, CATANIA\/Fontanarossa LICC, SARZANA\/Luni LIQW<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports open aerodrome data<\/a><span>coordinates and elevations cross-checked for LIBG, LICC, LIQW, LIRE, LICZ and LIBA, and the military helicopter landing site at the Taranto Mar Grande naval station<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/nominatim.openstreetmap.org\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OpenStreetMap \/ Nominatim<\/a><span>positions for the Augusta airship shed and the former Sant&rsquo;Andrea seaplane station at Venice, neither of which has a published aerodrome reference point<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-09-19. Order of Battle pages are regenerated from a single dataset; if a number here disagrees with a Book of Beasts page, this page is the more recent of the two.<\/p>\n<p class=\"verified\">Photographs: Photo: U.S. Navy photo by Darin Russell \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Marina Militare Italiana \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Colin Cooke Photo \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Mark Harkin \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Peng Chen \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Michael Gaylard \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Jerry Gunner from Lincoln, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Schiebel Group \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: AFP Radio DWDD \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Jerry Gunner \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Alan Wilson from Weston, Spalding, Lincs, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Threecharlie \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: Alchemist-hp \/ Wikimedia Commons (FAL) &middot; Photo: Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Fortepan \/ Hidvegi Zoltan \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ital-hero-italian-naval-aviation.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ital-t-lockheed-martin-f-35b-lightning-ii.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph3{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ital-t-mcdonnell-douglas-av-8b-harrier-ii-plus.jpg)!important}#mfam 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