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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/italian-air-force\/\">Italian Air Force<\/a> &middot; Air base<\/div>\n<h1>Grosseto Air Base<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Aeroporto militare &quot;Corrado Baccarini&quot;, Grosseto<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Active (Eurofighter quick reaction alert; open to limited civil traffic)<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>LIRS<\/b><span>ICAO<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>2,994 m<\/b><span>Runway<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1926<\/b><span>Opened<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Active<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Jerry Gunner from Lincoln, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Operator<\/b>Italian Air Force<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Region<\/b>Toscana<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Elevation<\/b>5 m<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Coordinates<\/b>42.7597 N, 11.0719 E<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Grosseto Air Base: what it was built for and what flies there now<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<p>Grosseto lies in the Maremma, a few kilometres from the Tyrrhenian coast, and began as a strip for aircraft testing during the First World War. It was enlarged in 1926, passed to the Regia Aeronautica in 1935, and had its runway lengthened and a flying school built around it. The field is named after the pilot officer Corrado Baccarini.<\/p>\n<p>Its war was short and terrible for the town rather than the base. On Easter Monday, 26 April 1943, forty-eight B-17s of the American Twelfth Air Force were sent against the airfield; nineteen of them dropped on Grosseto instead, and at least 134 people were killed, most of them children at a funfair. Raids continued until June 1944 and the infrastructure was rebuilt from 1944, but the airfield sat largely unused for the rest of the decade.<\/p>\n<p>It became a front-line base in 1959, when the 4&deg; Stormo took up permanent residence, and it has been the home of Italian air defence ever since. The 9&deg; Gruppo Caccia, which carries Francesco Baracca&rsquo;s prancing horse, arrived on 1 June 1961; the first F-104G Starfighters followed in April 1963 and the F-104S in the summer of 1970. The first Eurofighter F-2000 landed on 16 March 2004, making the 4&deg; Stormo the first Italian wing on the type.<\/p>\n<p>Today the wing holds the quick reaction alert for central Italy around the clock with the 9&deg; Gruppo, and its 20&deg; Gruppo is the operational conversion unit through which every Italian Typhoon pilot passes, along with Kuwaiti and other partner crews. Grosseto is classed as a main operating base of the second group, which means it can take civil traffic when this does not interfere with the military mission; charter and general aviation use it in the tourist season.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"sat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Satellite<\/div>\n<h2>Grosseto from above<\/h2>\n<div class=\"satfig\" id=\"satfig\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Enlarge the satellite view\">\n<div class=\"satimg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Grosseto Air Base seen from above\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"satzoom\">Click to enlarge<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satcap\"><b>2 runways, the longest 2,994 m.<\/b><span>Imagery: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics and the GIS user community<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satlb\" id=\"satlb\"><span class=\"satlbx\">Close<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"satbig\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Grosseto Air Base seen from above, enlarged\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<style>#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=11.02653,42.74424,11.11727,42.77516\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=1600,743\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}#mfam .satbig{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=11.02925,42.73882,11.11455,42.78058\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=2048,1365\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}@media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=11.05084,42.74424,11.09296,42.77516\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=760,760\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}}<\/style>\n<div id=\"sat-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"sat-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><section class=\"pqband\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"pqrow\">\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>Ferrari, metta sulle sue macchine il cavallino rampante del mio figliolo, Le porter&agrave; fortuna<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>Paolina Biancoli Baracca<\/b><span>mother of Francesco Baracca, as recalled by Enzo Ferrari in his 1962 memoir &mdash; &quot;put my son&rsquo;s prancing horse on your cars, it will bring you luck&quot;. Ferrari&rsquo;s account is the only source for the conversation<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museobaracca.it\/il-cavallino-rampante\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Museo Francesco Baracca, Lugo<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"pq\">\n<blockquote><p>The Horse was and will always be black; I added the canary yellow background, the colour of the city of Modena.<\/blockquote><figcaption><b>Enzo Ferrari<\/b><span>founder of Scuderia Ferrari, on what he changed and what he did not when he took Baracca&rsquo;s emblem<\/span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francesco_Baracca\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia: Francesco Baracca<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Grosseto Air Base in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Location &amp; codes<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>ICAO<\/dt>\n<dd>LIRS<\/dd>\n<dt>Country<\/dt>\n<dd>Italy<\/dd>\n<dt>Region<\/dt>\n<dd>Toscana<\/dd>\n<dt>Coordinates<\/dt>\n<dd>42.7597 N, 11.0719 E<\/dd>\n<dt>Elevation<\/dt>\n<dd>5 m <span class=\"imp\">(16 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Usage<\/dt>\n<dd>Military<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Runways &amp; facilities<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Runways<\/dt>\n<dd>2<\/dd>\n<dt>Designator<\/dt>\n<dd>03L\/21R<\/dd>\n<dt>Length<\/dt>\n<dd>2,994 m <span class=\"imp\">(9,823 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Surface<\/dt>\n<dd>Asphalt<\/dd>\n<dt>Designator 2<\/dt>\n<dd>03R\/21L<\/dd>\n<dt>Length<\/dt>\n<dd>2,354 m <span class=\"imp\">(7,723 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Surface<\/dt>\n<dd>Asphalt<\/dd>\n<dt>Quick Reaction Alert<\/dt>\n<dd>24\/7<span class=\"gnote\">24\/7 Eurofighter alert<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Command &amp; status<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>Active<span class=\"gnote\">Eurofighter quick reaction alert; open to limited civil traffic<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Operator<\/dt>\n<dd>Italian Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Opened<\/dt>\n<dd>1926<\/dd>\n<dt>Command<\/dt>\n<dd>4&#176; Stormo &quot;Amedeo d&rsquo;Aosta&quot;<\/dd>\n<dt>Resident units<\/dt>\n<dd>4 current, 0 former<\/dd>\n<dt>Based types<\/dt>\n<dd>2<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"units\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Resident units<\/div>\n<h2>Who flies from Grosseto Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oob\">\n<div><span>Current<\/span><em>4 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>9&#176; Gruppo Caccia<small>Francesco Baracca &middot; Fighter squadron &middot; regular &middot; from 1961<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter F-2000A Typhoon<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>20&#176; Gruppo OCU<small>Operational conversion squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter TF-2000A Typhoon<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>904&#176; Gruppo Efficienza Aeromobili<small>Aircraft maintenance squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt>Centro Cinofili dell&rsquo;Aeronautica Militare<small>Air force canine centre &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Aircraft types based here<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter F-2000A Typhoon<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter TF-2000A Typhoon<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"knownfor\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Claim to fame<\/div>\n<h2>What Grosseto is known for<\/h2>\n<div class=\"kfgrid\">\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">01<\/div>\n<h3>The prancing horse<\/h3>\n<p>The badge on the fins at Grosseto is the original of the most famous emblem in Italy. Francesco Baracca painted it on his fighters; his mother gave it to Enzo Ferrari; the air force kept it.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Baracca was credited with 34 victories before his death on 19 June 1918; the 4&deg; Stormo adopted his horse in 1933, a year after it first appeared on a Scuderia Ferrari car at Spa-Francorchamps on 9 July 1932.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">02<\/div>\n<h3>Italy&rsquo;s first Eurofighter wing<\/h3>\n<p>Grosseto took the Italian Air Force&rsquo;s first Typhoon and has run the type longer than anybody else in the service.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The first F-2000 arrived on 16 March 2004; the wing passed 50,000 Typhoon flight hours in May 2018 and 70,000 in January 2022.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">03<\/div>\n<h3>Quick reaction alert for central Italy<\/h3>\n<p>A pair of armed Typhoons sits at readiness here every hour of every day, for airliners that stop answering the radio and for anything unidentified over the peninsula.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The 9&deg; Gruppo has held continuous 24-hour QRA from Grosseto since the Typhoon entered operational service in 2005.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">04<\/div>\n<h3>Where every Italian Typhoon pilot is trained<\/h3>\n<p>The two-seat conversion squadron at Grosseto is the single gate into the Italian Typhoon force, and it trains partner air forces too.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The 20&deg; Gruppo OCU flies the two-seat TF-2000A; its IT-01 course produced the first two Kuwait Air Force Eurofighter instructor pilots.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">05<\/div>\n<h3>The Starfighter decades<\/h3>\n<p>For forty years Grosseto was a Starfighter base, through the type&rsquo;s best years and its worst reputation.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">The 9&deg; Gruppo received its first F-104G in April 1963 and the wing converted to the more capable F-104S from the summer of 1970; the last Italian Starfighters left front-line service in 2004.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">06<\/div>\n<h3>The bombing of 26 April 1943<\/h3>\n<p>The airfield was the target and the town was hit. Grosseto&rsquo;s worst day of the war is remembered every Easter Monday.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Forty-eight B-17s were sent; nineteen bombed the town instead of the airfield, killing at least 134 people, most of them children aged between five and fourteen at a funfair in the Porta Vecchia district.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"deep\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Go deeper<\/div>\n<h2>The long version<\/h2>\n<div class=\"deep\">\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">01<\/span><span>The horse: the documented version<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>This is the single most asked question about Grosseto, and the honest answer is more interesting than the legend. Francesco Baracca, Italy&rsquo;s leading ace of the First World War with 34 victories, began painting a prancing horse on his aircraft between late 1916 and early 1917. In a letter to his mother dated 27 April 1918 he said he had taken it from the Piemonte Reale Cavalleria, the regiment he had joined in 1909. The Museo Francesco Baracca at Lugo holds a painted panel from his aircraft and states the horse was black throughout his lifetime; the wing&rsquo;s own veterans&rsquo; association repeats an older tradition that it was red and turned black in mourning. The museum&rsquo;s panel is the harder evidence.<\/p>\n<p>Baracca was killed on 19 June 1918 strafing Austro-Hungarian trenches on the Montello; his body was found four days later, four metres from his burnt SPAD. In 1923 Enzo Ferrari won the Circuito del Savio near Ravenna and, by his own account, was introduced afterwards to Baracca&rsquo;s father, Count Enrico. The Countess Paolina later told him, in the words Ferrari set down in his 1962 memoir, &quot;Ferrari, metta sulle sue macchine il cavallino rampante del mio figliolo, Le porter&agrave; fortuna&quot; &mdash; put my son&rsquo;s prancing horse on your cars, it will bring you luck.<\/p>\n<p>Here is where the romance should be handled carefully. Ferrari&rsquo;s memoir, published almost forty years after the event, is the only source for that conversation. No contemporary letter, deed or family document confirming the gift is known. Ferrari did not found the Scuderia until 1929 and the horse did not appear on a car until the 24 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps on 9 July 1932 &mdash; nine years after the meeting he described. Why the Baracca family agreed, and whether the exchange happened in those words, is not documented.<\/p>\n<p>The two horses are also not the same horse. Baracca&rsquo;s was black, on a white cloud on his SPAD, with the tail down. Ferrari&rsquo;s stands on a canary-yellow shield &mdash; the colour of Modena &mdash; with the tail raised, a pose a horse rearing on its hind legs cannot actually adopt, and most likely taken from Gino Croari&rsquo;s 1930 painting of the Baracca family crest rather than from an aeroplane. Ferrari said as much himself: the horse was and would always be black, and the yellow was his addition.<\/p>\n<p>The air force&rsquo;s claim is the older one and it is unbroken. The 4&deg; Stormo, formed at Campoformido on 1 June 1931 around the 9&deg; and 10&deg; Gruppi &mdash; both constituted on 10 April 1917, the 10&deg; containing Baracca&rsquo;s own 91&amp;ordf; Squadriglia &mdash; adopted the horse in 1933. The two groups wear it differently to this day: the 10&deg; a black horse on white, the 9&deg; a white horse on black. The ones at Grosseto are the 9&deg;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">02<\/span><span>From Campoformido to the Maremma<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The 4&deg; Stormo Caccia was constituted at Campoformido, near Udine, on 1 June 1931, built on the 9&deg; and 10&deg; Gruppi and through them on the most decorated fighter squadrons of the First World War, including the 91&amp;ordf; &mdash; the squadriglia degli assi. It became the Regia Aeronautica&rsquo;s showpiece fighter unit: Fiat CR.42s from late 1939, Macchi C.200 Saettas at the outbreak of war, C.202 Folgores from 1941, and pilots whose names still carry in Italy &mdash; Franco Lucchini, Leonardo Ferrulli, Furio Niclot Doglio.<\/p>\n<p>The wing fought over Yugoslavia, North Africa and El Alamein and then over Sicily, and after the armistice flew Macchi C.205s and American P-39 Airacobras for the co-belligerent air force &mdash; a hard sequence to read without flinching. P-38 Lightnings came in 1946, the wing moved to Naples-Capodichino in 1947 and took P-51D Mustangs, and the jet age arrived with the de Havilland Vampire, on which the 4&amp;ordf; Aerobrigata formed the Cavallino Rampante team, one of the ancestors of the Frecce Tricolori.<\/p>\n<p>In 1959 the wing settled permanently at Grosseto, and the 9&deg; Gruppo Caccia joined it there on 1 June 1961. A note on the dates: most sources, including the airfield&rsquo;s own entries and the Italian Air Force centennial material of 2017, give 1959 for the move; at least one enthusiast history gives November 1962, and we have followed 1959.<\/p>\n<p>Grosseto has been an air defence base ever since, and the line is unusually clean for an Italian wing: the same groups, the same badge, the same job, in the same place, for more than sixty years. Its deployments read like a list of NATO&rsquo;s air-policing commitments: Iceland in 2013 and 2017&ndash;19, Lithuania in 2015 and 2020&ndash;21, Bulgaria in 2017, Estonia in 2018 and 2021, Romania in 2019 and 2021&ndash;22, and Kuwait for Operation Inherent Resolve.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">03<\/span><span>Easter Monday, 1943<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Grosseto airfield was a legitimate military target and the Twelfth Air Force treated it as one. On 26 April 1943, Easter Monday, forty-eight B-17 Flying Fortresses flew from airfields in Algeria to attack it. At around two in the afternoon, nineteen of the forty-eight dropped roughly 2,000 cluster bombs on the city of Grosseto rather than on the airfield.<\/p>\n<p>At least 134 inhabitants were killed. Most of them were children between five and fourteen, who were at a funfair in the Porta Vecchia district on a public holiday. The count is a floor rather than a ceiling; Italian local historiography gives higher figures for the total civilian dead across the whole bombing of Grosseto, and no single authoritative number exists.<\/p>\n<p>The raids did not stop there. Heavy attacks by the USAAF and the RAF continued from May 1943 to June 1944; the airfield itself was destroyed in a raid on 20 May, in which a reported 1,600 German soldiers were killed, and the railway station was destroyed on 9 September. Reconstruction of the airfield began in 1944 and it sat largely unused until the 1950s.<\/p>\n<p>The town commemorates 26 April every year. It is one reason the city&rsquo;s relationship with its air base is not simple civic pride: the airfield is why the bombers came.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">04<\/span><span>Starfighters, and then Typhoons<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>The 9&deg; Gruppo received its first F-104G Starfighters in April 1963, and the wing moved to the Italian-developed F-104S from the summer of 1970 &mdash; more thrust, Sparrow missiles, and the interceptor that defined Italian air defence for three decades. Italy flew the Starfighter longer than anyone, and paid for it: the type&rsquo;s Italian accident record is one of the uncomfortable facts of post-war Italian aviation, and Grosseto lost pilots to it like every other F-104 base.<\/p>\n<p>One of them was Lieutenant Ettore Di Blasio, 27, from Montesilvano. On 5 May 1993 the afterburner on his F-104 shut down on take-off; he tried and failed to take the arrester barrier, and when he ejected his parachute did not open. The wing held a memorial ceremony for him at Grosseto on the thirtieth anniversary in 2023. An instructor who was there that day, Colonel Giorgio Riolo, said afterwards that from that day working on the base was never the same.<\/p>\n<p>In February 1996 an F-104ASA of the wing came down in the industrial zone north of Grosseto, between two warehouses with around ten workers inside, a few hundred metres from the Aurelia. Nobody on the ground was killed. Local coverage still calls it a miracle, and it is the incident older Grossetani bring up when the subject of the base comes round.<\/p>\n<p>The first Eurofighter F-2000 arrived on 16 March 2004 and the 4&deg; Stormo became the first Italian wing on the type. It went operational for national airspace surveillance in 2005 and has not stopped since: 50,000 wing flight hours by May 2018 and 70,000 by January 2022. On 19 March 2021 a Grosseto Typhoon flew the wing&rsquo;s first full-load swing-role mission &mdash; four GBU-48s, six missiles, six tanks and a Litening pod on one aircraft &mdash; which is the practical definition of what &quot;swing role&quot; is supposed to mean.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">05<\/span><span>What the alert actually does<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Quick reaction alert at Grosseto is two armed Typhoons and their crews held at short readiness, continuously, covering central Italy as part of the NATO integrated air defence system. It is a mundane job that occasionally is not. The overwhelming majority of scrambles are for civil aircraft that have lost radio contact &mdash; a stuck frequency, a failed radio, a crew that has missed a handover &mdash; and the fighters go up to look at the aeroplane, establish what is happening and escort it if required.<\/p>\n<p>The visible side of it is the sonic boom. Grosseto scrambles are routinely audible across Tuscany, Umbria and as far north as Emilia, because an intercept flown at supersonic speed over land makes a noise that arrives before the explanation does. Italian regional newspapers now publish an explainer of what a scramble is every time it happens, which is a small, unglamorous public-information function that the wing has effectively acquired.<\/p>\n<p>A more sombre thread also runs through Grosseto and the alert mission. On the night of 27 June 1980, when Itavia flight 870 came down off Ustica with the loss of all 81 people aboard, Italian reporting has long held that two F-104s were scrambled from Grosseto that night to search the crash area and could not find it in poor visibility; the detail is not in the published inquiry record. Earlier that evening a TF-104G from the base, crewed by two 4&deg; Stormo instructors, Mario Naldini and Ivo Nutarelli, had transmitted an emergency code as it returned north.<\/p>\n<p>Both men later joined the Frecce Tricolori and both died at Ramstein in 1988. The judicial inquiry led by Judge Rosario Priore regarded them as significant and inconvenient witnesses, which is why the two disasters are so often linked in Italian public argument. No investigation has ever established a connection between them, and the Ramstein finding of pilot error stands on its own evidence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Grosseto, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1917<\/div>\n<p>10 April: the 9&deg; and 10&deg; Gruppi are constituted; the 10&deg; contains the 91&amp;ordf; Squadriglia, Baracca&rsquo;s &quot;squadron of the aces&quot;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1918<\/div>\n<p>19 June: Francesco Baracca, 34 victories, is killed strafing trenches on the Montello.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1923<\/div>\n<p>Enzo Ferrari wins the Circuito del Savio and, by his own later account, meets the Baracca family.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1931<\/div>\n<p>1 June: the 4&deg; Stormo Caccia is constituted at Campoformido on the 9&deg; and 10&deg; Gruppi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1932<\/div>\n<p>9 July: the prancing horse appears on a Scuderia Ferrari car for the first time, at the 24 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1933<\/div>\n<p>The 4&deg; Stormo adopts Baracca&rsquo;s prancing horse as its badge.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1935<\/div>\n<p>The airfield passes to the Regia Aeronautica, which lengthens the runway and builds a flying school around it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1943<\/div>\n<p>26 April: 48 B-17s are sent against the airfield; 19 bomb the town instead, killing at least 134 people, most of them children.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1943<\/div>\n<p>20 May: the airfield is destroyed in a further raid; the railway station follows on 9 September.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1959<\/div>\n<p>The 4&deg; Stormo takes up permanent residence at Grosseto.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1961<\/div>\n<p>1 June: the 9&deg; Gruppo Caccia arrives at Grosseto with the prancing horse on its fins.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1963<\/div>\n<p>April: the 9&deg; Gruppo receives its first F-104G Starfighters.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1970<\/div>\n<p>Summer: conversion to the Italian-built F-104S interceptor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1980<\/div>\n<p>27 June: Itavia flight 870 comes down off Ustica. Earlier that evening a Grosseto TF-104G crewed by Mario Naldini and Ivo Nutarelli had squawked an emergency code near the airliner&rsquo;s track; both men later died at Ramstein.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1993<\/div>\n<p>5 May: Lieutenant Ettore Di Blasio is killed when his F-104 loses reheat on take-off and his parachute fails.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1996<\/div>\n<p>February: an F-104ASA comes down between warehouses in the industrial zone north of the city; nobody on the ground is killed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2004<\/div>\n<p>16 March: the first Eurofighter F-2000 arrives; the 4&deg; Stormo becomes the first Italian wing on the type.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2022<\/div>\n<p>January: the wing passes 70,000 Eurofighter flight hours.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"video\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">On film<\/div>\n<h2>Grosseto on film<\/h2>\n<div class=\"vidwrap\">\n<div class=\"vidfr\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/os2_IVLJ-aQ\" title=\"Scramble: two Eurofighters of the 4&deg; Stormo launch from Grosseto\" loading=\"lazy\" allow=\"accelerometer; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div class=\"vidcap\"><b>Scramble: two Eurofighters of the 4&deg; Stormo launch from Grosseto<\/b> Aeronautica Militare, via YouTube.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"incidents\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Incidents &amp; stories<\/div>\n<h2>What happened here<\/h2>\n<div class=\"inc\">\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">26 April 1943<\/div>\n<h3>Easter Monday<\/h3>\n<p>Forty-eight B-17s of the American Twelfth Air Force flew from Algeria to attack Grosseto airfield. At about two in the afternoon nineteen of them dropped roughly 2,000 cluster bombs on the city instead. At least 134 inhabitants were killed, most of them children between five and fourteen who were at a funfair in the Porta Vecchia district on a public holiday. Italian local historiography gives higher totals for the whole bombing campaign against the city, which ran until June 1944, and no single authoritative figure exists. The town commemorates the date every year.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bombing_of_Grosseto_in_World_War_II\">Wikipedia: Bombing of Grosseto in World War II<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">4 November 1966<\/div>\n<h3>The flood<\/h3>\n<p>The flood that is remembered elsewhere in Italy for the Arno at Florence also put much of Grosseto airfield under water on 4 November 1966. The base sits on the Maremma plain a few kilometres from the coast and barely above sea level, and the 1966 inundation is still the reference event for flood planning on the field. It is a reminder that a fighter base in Tuscany has a mundane geographical vulnerability that has nothing to do with anybody&rsquo;s air force.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aeroporto_di_Grosseto\">Wikipedia (it): Aeroporto di Grosseto<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">27 June 1980<\/div>\n<h3>The night of Ustica<\/h3>\n<p>Itavia flight 870 came down in the Tyrrhenian Sea off Ustica with the loss of all 81 people on board. Italian reporting has long held that two F-104s were scrambled from Grosseto to locate the crash area and could not find it in poor visibility; the detail is not in the published inquiry record. Earlier that evening a TF-104G from Grosseto, crewed by two 4&deg; Stormo instructors, Mario Naldini and Ivo Nutarelli, had transmitted an emergency code on its way back north. Both later flew with the Frecce Tricolori and both died at Ramstein in 1988. Judge Rosario Priore&rsquo;s inquiry regarded them as significant witnesses; no investigation has established a link between the two events.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivo_Nutarelli\">Wikipedia (it): Ivo Nutarelli<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">5 May 1993<\/div>\n<h3>Ettore Di Blasio<\/h3>\n<p>Lieutenant Ettore Di Blasio, 27, from Montesilvano, lost the afterburner on his F-104 during take-off at Grosseto. He attempted to engage the arrester barrier and missed it, and when he ejected his parachute did not deploy; he struck the airfield perimeter fence. The wing held a memorial at the Baccarini base on the thirtieth anniversary, on 5 May 2023, with his family and his course-mates from Corso Eolo IV present. Colonel Giorgio Riolo, an instructor pilot on the base that day, said afterwards that from that day working there was never the same.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maremmaoggi.net\/trentanni-senza-ettore-il-ricordo-del-iv-stormo\/\">MaremmaOggi<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">February 1996<\/div>\n<h3>Between the warehouses<\/h3>\n<p>An F-104ASA of the 4&deg; Stormo came down in the industrial zone north of Grosseto after the pilot left the aircraft, striking a parking area between two warehouses with roughly ten workers inside, a short distance from the Aurelia trunk road. Nobody on the ground was killed. Local press still refers to it as a miracle and returns to it on anniversaries; it is the incident that fixed the base in the civic memory of the city more firmly than any air show has.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iltirreno.it\/grosseto\/cronaca\/2021\/02\/16\/news\/lo-schianto-fra-i-capannoni-dell-aereo-fuori-controllo-1.39908778\">Il Tirreno<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">16 March 2004<\/div>\n<h3>Italy&rsquo;s first Typhoon<\/h3>\n<p>The first Eurofighter F-2000 landed at Grosseto and the 4&deg; Stormo became the first Italian wing to operate the type, with the 904&deg; Gruppo Efficienza Aeromobili stood up to support it in April 2005. The aircraft entered operational service on national airspace surveillance in 2005. Grosseto has flown the Typhoon longer than any other Italian base: 50,000 wing flight hours by May 2018 and 70,000 by January 2022.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aviation-report.com\/4-stormo-raggiunge-70000-ore-di-volo-con-caccia-eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Aviation Report<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">19 March 2021<\/div>\n<h3>Everything at once<\/h3>\n<p>A Grosseto Eurofighter flew the wing&rsquo;s first full-load swing-role mission, carrying four GBU-48 guided bombs, six missiles, six external tanks and a Litening targeting pod on one airframe, demonstrating that a single aircraft could hold an air defence task and a ground-attack task in the same sortie. It is the kind of milestone that sounds like marketing until you look at the configuration; the point of the demonstration was the weight and the wiring, not the idea.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reportdifesa.it\/aeronautica-militare-4-stormo-di-grosseto-uno-dei-reparti-storici-della-forza-armata\/\">Report Difesa<\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"map\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Location<\/div>\n<h2>Grosseto Air Base and its neighbours<\/h2>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\" style=\"height:440px\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"nearbytbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Nearby base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Based types<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr data-base=\"pratica-di-mare\">\n<td>Pratica di Mare Air Base<\/td>\n<td>LIRE<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Boeing KC-767A, Gulfstream E-550A CAEW, Piaggio P.180 EVO+, Leonardo HH-139A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"pisa\">\n<td>Pisa Air Base<\/td>\n<td>LIRP<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules, Lockheed Martin C-130J-30 Super Hercules, Alenia C-27J Spartan, Alenia EC-27J JEDI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"ciampino\">\n<td>Ciampino Air Base<\/td>\n<td>LIRA<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus VC-319A, Dassault VC-900A Falcon 900, Dassault VC-900B Falcon 900EASy, Gulfstream VC-650A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Grosseto Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What is Grosseto Air Base known for?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Grosseto is the home of the 4&deg; Stormo &quot;Amedeo d&rsquo;Aosta&quot;, the Italian Air Force&rsquo;s oldest fighter wing and the first to fly the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a>, which arrived on 16 March 2004. Its 9&deg; Gruppo holds the round-the-clock quick reaction alert for central Italy and carries Francesco Baracca&rsquo;s prancing horse, the emblem that later became the Ferrari badge.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is the Ferrari prancing horse really from the Italian Air Force?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It is from Francesco Baracca, Italy&rsquo;s leading First World War ace, who painted it on his fighters from about 1917 and took it from the Piemonte Reale Cavalleria regiment he had served in. The 4&deg; Stormo adopted it as its badge in 1933. Enzo Ferrari first used it on a car at Spa-Francorchamps on 9 July 1932, so in emblem terms the aeroplanes came first &mdash; but the wing formally adopted it a year after Ferrari did.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did Baracca&rsquo;s mother really give the prancing horse to Enzo Ferrari?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">That is Ferrari&rsquo;s account, set down in his 1962 memoir, of a conversation with the Countess Paolina Baracca after he won the Circuito del Savio in 1923. It is the only source. No contemporary letter or document recording the gift is known, and Ferrari did not put the horse on a car until nine years later. The story may be true; it is simply not corroborated, and the two emblems differ &mdash; Baracca&rsquo;s black horse has its tail down, Ferrari&rsquo;s raised on a Modena-yellow shield.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which aircraft are based at Grosseto?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Eurofighter F-2000A Typhoons of the 9&deg; Gruppo Caccia and two-seat TF-2000As of the 20&deg; Gruppo, the operational conversion unit. The 904&deg; Gruppo Efficienza Aeromobili maintains them. The Italian Air Force&rsquo;s canine centre is also at Grosseto.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What does quick reaction alert at Grosseto involve?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Two armed Typhoons and their crews are held at short readiness continuously as part of the NATO integrated air defence system, covering central Italy. Most scrambles are for civil aircraft that have lost radio contact. Because intercepts are often flown supersonically, Grosseto scrambles are regularly heard as sonic booms across Tuscany and well beyond.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why is the base called Baccarini and the wing called Amedeo d&rsquo;Aosta?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The airfield is named after the pilot officer Corrado Baccarini. The wing carries the name of Amedeo di Savoia-Aosta, Duke of Aosta, a pilot and general who commanded Italian forces in East Africa and died in British captivity in 1942; he was instrumental in the 4&deg; Stormo formally adopting Baracca&rsquo;s horse in the early 1930s.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Can civil aircraft use Grosseto?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes, within limits. Grosseto is classed as a main operating base of the second group, which allows civil traffic as long as it does not interfere with the military mission. A civil terminal operator has handled charter and general aviation there since 2000, mainly in the tourist season.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to Grosseto in the Second World War?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The airfield was an Allied target and the town paid for it. On 26 April 1943, Easter Monday, 48 B-17s were sent against the airfield and 19 bombed the city instead, killing at least 134 people, most of them children at a funfair. Heavy raids continued to June 1944; the airfield itself was destroyed on 20 May 1943 and rebuilding began in 1944.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Grosseto Air Base still an active military air base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Active (Eurofighter quick reaction alert; open to limited civil traffic). The Italian Air Force operates it as 4&#176; Stormo &quot;Amedeo d&rsquo;Aosta&quot;.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the ICAO code of Grosseto Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The ICAO code of Grosseto Air Base is LIRS. The airfield sits at 5 m above sea level in Toscana, at 42.7597 N, 11.0719 E.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How long is the runway at Grosseto Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Grosseto Air Base has 2 runways: 03L\/21R, 2,994 m (9,823 ft), asphalt; 03R\/21L, 2,354 m (7,723 ft), asphalt.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which squadrons are based at Grosseto Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Grosseto Air Base currently hosts 9&#176; Gruppo Caccia flying the Eurofighter F-2000A Typhoon; 20&#176; Gruppo OCU flying the Eurofighter TF-2000A Typhoon; 904&#176; Gruppo Efficienza Aeromobili; Centro Cinofili dell&rsquo;Aeronautica Militare.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is Grosseto Air Base known for?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Grosseto is the home of the 4\\u00b0 Stormo \\\"Amedeo d\\u2019Aosta\\\", the Italian Air Force\\u2019s oldest fighter wing and the first to fly the Eurofighter Typhoon, which arrived on 16 March 2004. Its 9\\u00b0 Gruppo holds the round-the-clock quick reaction alert for central Italy and carries Francesco Baracca\\u2019s prancing horse, the emblem that later became the Ferrari badge.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is the Ferrari prancing horse really from the Italian Air Force?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It is from Francesco Baracca, Italy\\u2019s leading First World War ace, who painted it on his fighters from about 1917 and took it from the Piemonte Reale Cavalleria regiment he had served in. The 4\\u00b0 Stormo adopted it as its badge in 1933. Enzo Ferrari first used it on a car at Spa-Francorchamps on 9 July 1932, so in emblem terms the aeroplanes came first \\u2014 but the wing formally adopted it a year after Ferrari did.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did Baracca\\u2019s mother really give the prancing horse to Enzo Ferrari?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"That is Ferrari\\u2019s account, set down in his 1962 memoir, of a conversation with the Countess Paolina Baracca after he won the Circuito del Savio in 1923. It is the only source. No contemporary letter or document recording the gift is known, and Ferrari did not put the horse on a car until nine years later. The story may be true; it is simply not corroborated, and the two emblems differ \\u2014 Baracca\\u2019s black horse has its tail down, Ferrari\\u2019s raised on a Modena-yellow shield.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which aircraft are based at Grosseto?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Eurofighter F-2000A Typhoons of the 9\\u00b0 Gruppo Caccia and two-seat TF-2000As of the 20\\u00b0 Gruppo, the operational conversion unit. The 904\\u00b0 Gruppo Efficienza Aeromobili maintains them. The Italian Air Force\\u2019s canine centre is also at Grosseto.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What does quick reaction alert at Grosseto involve?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Two armed Typhoons and their crews are held at short readiness continuously as part of the NATO integrated air defence system, covering central Italy. Most scrambles are for civil aircraft that have lost radio contact. Because intercepts are often flown supersonically, Grosseto scrambles are regularly heard as sonic booms across Tuscany and well beyond.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why is the base called Baccarini and the wing called Amedeo d\\u2019Aosta?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The airfield is named after the pilot officer Corrado Baccarini. The wing carries the name of Amedeo di Savoia-Aosta, Duke of Aosta, a pilot and general who commanded Italian forces in East Africa and died in British captivity in 1942; he was instrumental in the 4\\u00b0 Stormo formally adopting Baracca\\u2019s horse in the early 1930s.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can civil aircraft use Grosseto?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, within limits. Grosseto is classed as a main operating base of the second group, which allows civil traffic as long as it does not interfere with the military mission. A civil terminal operator has handled charter and general aviation there since 2000, mainly in the tourist season.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to Grosseto in the Second World War?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The airfield was an Allied target and the town paid for it. On 26 April 1943, Easter Monday, 48 B-17s were sent against the airfield and 19 bombed the city instead, killing at least 134 people, most of them children at a funfair. Heavy raids continued to June 1944; the airfield itself was destroyed on 20 May 1943 and rebuilding began in 1944.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Grosseto Air Base still an active military air base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Active (Eurofighter quick reaction alert; open to limited civil traffic). The Italian Air Force operates it as 4\\u00b0 Stormo \\\"Amedeo d\\u2019Aosta\\\".\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the ICAO code of Grosseto Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The ICAO code of Grosseto Air Base is LIRS. The airfield sits at 5 m above sea level in Toscana, at 42.7597 N, 11.0719 E.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long is the runway at Grosseto Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Grosseto Air Base has 2 runways: 03L\/21R, 2,994 m (9,823 ft), asphalt; 03R\/21L, 2,354 m (7,723 ft), asphalt.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which squadrons are based at Grosseto Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Grosseto Air Base currently hosts 9\\u00b0 Gruppo Caccia flying the Eurofighter F-2000A Typhoon; 20\\u00b0 Gruppo OCU flying the Eurofighter TF-2000A Typhoon; 904\\u00b0 Gruppo Efficienza Aeromobili; Centro Cinofili dell\\u2019Aeronautica Militare.\"}}]}<\/script><section id=\"fly\">\n<div class=\"ad\">\n<div class=\"adin\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The part of the collection you can touch<\/div>\n<h2>You cannot fly from an Italian air base. You can fly the jet.<\/h2>\n<p class=\"adp\">MiGFlug flies the L-39 Albatros out of Florida &mdash; a real military jet trainer, a real second seat, aerobatics and time on the controls. Italian military airfields do not sell flights; this is the nearest thing there is.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/flights-prices\/l-39-albatros-florida\/\">Fly the L-39 Albatros in Florida<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Grosseto Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/italian-air-force\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The operator<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Italian Air Force<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Fleet, bases and order of battle of the service that flies from here.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Italian Air Force page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Based here<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Eurofighter F-2000A Typhoon<\/span><span class=\"rp\">History, specifications and stories in the Book of Beasts.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Eurofighter F-2000A Typhoon story<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Based here<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Eurofighter TF-2000A Typhoon<\/span><span class=\"rp\">History, specifications and stories in the Book of Beasts.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Eurofighter TF-2000A Typhoon story<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aeronautica.difesa.it\/home\/noi-siamo-l-am\/organizzazione\/reparti\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aeronautica Militare: I reparti dell&rsquo;Aeronautica Militare<\/a><span>mission and equipment of each wing, training unit and support unit; note that parts of the page lag behind the retirement of the AMX and the AB-212<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/countries\/IT\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports: aerodrome and runway data<\/a><span>coordinates, elevations, runway designators, lengths and surfaces. AIP Italia (aim.enav.it) could not be reached from this environment, so these figures are OurAirports data cross-checked against the Italian Wikipedia infoboxes; where the two disagree the discrepancy is noted in the research report<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-09-19.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ital-hero-grosseto.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .cflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/swiss-canton-flags-sprite-v2.png)!important}#mfam .cf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .cf1{background-position:-22px -2px}#mfam .cf2{background-position:-42px -2px}#mfam .cf3{background-position:-62px -2px}#mfam .cf4{background-position:-82px -2px}#mfam .cf5{background-position:-102px -2px}#mfam .cf6{background-position:-122px -2px}#mfam 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