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col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt td.note{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td.note{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt td.note{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob-base{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob-base:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .ocx{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .ocx::before,#mfam .ocx::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .ocx::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open .ocx::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam .pq{margin:0;max-width:900px} #mfam .pq blockquote{margin:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-size:clamp(21px,2.6vw,28px);line-height:1.42;color:#fff;letter-spacing:-.2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:before{content:'\\201C';color:var(--blue);margin-right:2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:after{content:'\\201D';color:var(--blue);margin-left:2px} #mfam .pq figcaption{margin-top:20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6} #mfam .pq figcaption b{color:#fff;font-size:14px} #mfam .pq figcaption span{display:block;color:#7c8697;font-size:13px} #mfam .pq figcaption a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .pqrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:40px;max-width:1120px} #mfam .pqrow .pq blockquote{font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,21px)} #mfam .galgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .galgrid figure{margin:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .galgrid .gim{display:block;height:210px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .galgrid figcaption{padding:14px 16px 16px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .galgrid figcaption 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.satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; Germany<\/div>\n<h1>German Air Force<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Luftwaffe<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">The Luftwaffe was refounded on 9 January 1956 as a deliberately new service, constitutionally and institutionally separate from the Wehrmacht air arm that shared its name &mdash; and seventy years on it is one of the largest air forces in NATO Europe, roughly 27,600 people flying about 230 combat aircraft, holding NATO&rsquo;s German nuclear-sharing mission at B&#252;chel, running Europe&rsquo;s largest A400M fleet from Wunstorf, and rebuilding itself under the Zeitenwende after two decades in which its own parliamentary commissioner kept reporting that it could not put enough aircraft in the air.<\/p>\n<div class=\"marks\">\n<div class=\"mcol\">\n<div class=\"mark\"><span class=\"mk\">National marking<b>The Eisernes Kreuz, laid down by Federal President Theodor Heuss in 1956 and carried with the German flag on the fin<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mark\"><span class=\"mk\">Low-visibility<b>Subdued grey cross on Eurofighter, Tornado and A400M since the 1990s<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mark\"><span class=\"mk\">Serial<b>Two two-digit blocks split by a cross, written with a plus sign &mdash; 30+25 for a Eurofighter, 45+76 for a Tornado. The system dates from 1968; before that the code showed the service, role and wing<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>142<\/b><span>Combat aircraft<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>29<\/b><span>Active air bases<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1956<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>63<\/b><span>Types retired<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: U.S. Air Force photo by Tech. Sgt. Emerson Nu&#241;ez \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Germany<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1956<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Kommando Luftwaffe, Berlin-Gatow<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Commander<\/b>Generalleutnant Holger Neumann<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>The Luftwaffe story: three air forces, one name, and the argument about which of them counts<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1910&ndash;1918: the flying corps (Fliegertruppe), the first strategic bombing campaign and the myth of the ace<\/h3>\n<p>German military aviation began in the army, not in an air force. The Prussian and Bavarian flying corps (Fliegertruppe)n were formed in 1910&ndash;13 as a branch of the army engineers, and on 8 October 1916 they were reorganised as the Luftstreitkr&#228;fte under a Kommandierender General der Luftstreitkr&#228;fte, Ernst von Hoeppner &mdash; the closest thing to an independent air command any power had at the time. The First World War produced two German firsts that still shape the subject: the Jagdstaffel and the strategic bombing of cities. Gotha G.V and Riesenflugzeug raids on Britain from 1917 killed 857 people, part of a wider air campaign that killed 1,414 including the Zeppelin raids and forced the British to build an air defence system and, in 1918, an independent air force. It also produced the ace cult: Manfred von Richthofen with 80 victories, Oswald Boelcke with 40 and a set of eight rules, the Dicta Boelcke, that are still taught. The Treaty of Versailles abolished German military aviation entirely in 1920.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1935&ndash;1945: the Luftwaffe of the Third Reich, and why the Bundeswehr does not claim it<\/h3>\n<p>The Luftwaffe of 1935&ndash;45 was built in secret through the 1920s and early 1930s, unveiled by Hermann G&#246;ring on 1 March 1935 in open breach of Versailles, and blooded over Spain with the Legion Condor, whose bombing of Guernica on 26 April 1937 killed somewhere between 150 and 1,650 people &mdash; the figure is still contested &mdash; and taught Europe what air power meant. It was designed as a tactical force to support ground campaigns and it was superb at that in 1939&ndash;41. It was never designed to win a war on its own, which is what it was asked to do over Britain in 1940 and could not. From 1943 it was destroyed in the defence of the Reich; from 1944 its jets, the Me 262 and Me 163, arrived too late, in too small numbers, and were built in part by slave labour at Mittelbau-Dora and elsewhere. The Bundeswehr does not claim this force as its ancestor. It says so in writing, in the Traditionserlasse of 1982 and 2018.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1956&ndash;1970: rearmament, 916 Starfighters and the Witwenmacher<\/h3>\n<p>The Bundeswehr&rsquo;s Luftwaffe was founded on 9 January 1956, eleven years after the old one was dissolved, and it was a NATO air force from the start: American aircraft, American doctrine, American training, and pilots sent to Texas and Arizona to learn. The rearmament was enormous and it went badly. Germany bought 916 Lockheed F-104 Starfighters &mdash; more than any other operator &mdash; and adapted an aircraft designed as a clear-weather high-altitude interceptor to low-level strike over northern Europe in bad weather, with crews converting straight from subsonic types. 292 were lost and 116 pilots killed, 108 of them German and eight American. The press called it der Witwenmacher, the widow-maker, and der fliegende Sarg. The 1975&ndash;76 Lockheed bribery investigations found that the company had paid tens of millions of dollars in commissions in several countries; the German parliamentary inquiry could not establish that the German purchase decision had been bought, and the archives on that point remain incomplete.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1970&ndash;1990: Phantoms, Tornados, Pershings and the long watch on the inner-German border<\/h3>\n<p>The force that came out of the 1970s was the one the Cold War was actually fought with: F-4F Phantoms at Wittmund, Neuburg, Pferdsfeld and Rheine-Hopsten, RF-4Es at Bremgarten and Leck, Alpha Jets replacing the Fiat G.91, and from 1980 the Panavia Tornado, the Anglo-German-Italian aircraft that gave the Luftwaffe a genuine all-weather low-level strike capability. The Luftwaffe also owned the ground-based air defence &mdash; Nike Hercules and Hawk belts along the central front &mdash; and, from the late 1960s, the Pershing 1A ballistic missiles of two Flugk&#246;rpergeschwader, German-crewed with American warheads, which were the most politically explosive things the service has ever held. They were not covered by the 1987 INF Treaty, which bound only the superpowers; Chancellor Helmut Kohl undertook unilaterally in August 1987 to dismantle them once Washington and Moscow had eliminated theirs, and they were destroyed in 1991. At its peak the Luftwaffe had something in the order of 100,000 people and a combat fleet several times the present one; the whole structure existed to fight a war on German soil that everyone expected to go nuclear within days.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1990&ndash;2013: absorbing the Nationale Volksarmee, and the first shots fired since 1945<\/h3>\n<p>On 3 October 1990 the Luftwaffe absorbed the Luftstreitkr&#228;fte der NVA, roughly 700 aircraft and about 20,800 soldiers, with some 8,000 civilian staff. Almost all of it was scrapped, sold or given away &mdash; 251 MiG-21s, 65 MiG-23s, 54 Su-22s &mdash; but 24 MiG-29s were kept, brought up to Western standards as the MiG-29G, flown in Luftwaffe markings from Laage for thirteen years, used as dissimilar-combat opposition by every air force that could get near them, and sold to Poland in 2003&ndash;04 for a symbolic price. In 1991 German Alpha Jets deployed to Turkey; in 1995 Tornado ECRs flew the first German combat missions since 1945 over Bosnia; in 1999 they flew in Operation Allied Force against Serbia. That was the argument that mattered: whether a German air force could be used at all, and the answer, once given, has not been withdrawn.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2014&ndash;2026: readiness scandals, the Zeitenwende, the F-35 and the argument that is not settled<\/h3>\n<p>The 2010s were miserable. Annual reports by the Wehrbeauftragte des Deutschen Bundestages &mdash; the parliamentary commissioner, who is entitled to be blunt in a way no ministry is &mdash; documented a service that could not keep enough aircraft flying: at one point only a handful of the Eurofighter fleet was reported as fully mission-capable, and Euro Hawk was cancelled in 2013 after roughly 700 million euros because the aircraft could not be certified to fly in European airspace. Then came 24 February 2022. The 100-billion-euro Sonderverm&#246;gen bought 35 F-35As for the nuclear mission, 60 CH-47F Chinooks, six IRIS-T SLM fire units, Arrow 3, 20 more Eurofighters and the Eurofighter EK. The first German F-35A flew on 8 September 2026 and was handed over in Texas on 18 September. Whether any of this has yet produced an air force that could fight a European war is the question the Zeitenwende was supposed to answer, and it has not answered it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">The Luftwaffe of 1935&ndash;45 was built in secret through the 1920s and early 1930s, unveiled by Hermann G&#246;ring on 1 March 1935 in open breach of Versailles, and blooded over Spain with the Legion Condor, whose bombing of Guernica on 26 April 1937 killed somewhere between 150 and 1,650 people &mdash; the figure is still contested &mdash; and taught Europe what air power meant.<cite>German Air Force &middot; verified 2026-09-20<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>The German Air Force in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Service<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Native name<\/dt>\n<dd>Luftwaffe<span class=\"gnote\">Literally &quot;air weapon&quot;. The name is the same as that of the 1935&ndash;45 service, but the Bundeswehr&rsquo;s Luftwaffe was founded separately on 9 January 1956 and is not its legal or institutional successor. The service badge is a stylised eagle&rsquo;s wing, the Schwinge; the national marking is the Eisernes Kreuz laid down by Federal President Theodor Heuss in 1956.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Founded<\/dt>\n<dd>9 January 1956<span class=\"gnote\">German military aviation runs in three separate blocks: the army flying corps (Fliegertruppe) of 1910&ndash;13, reorganised as the Luftstreitkr&#228;fte in October 1916 and abolished by the Treaty of Versailles in 1920; the Luftwaffe of the Third Reich, publicly announced on 1 March 1935 and dissolved with the Wehrmacht in 1945; and the Bundeswehr&rsquo;s Luftwaffe from 1956. The Nationale Volksarmee&rsquo;s Luftstreitkr&#228;fte\/Luftverteidigung existed from 1956 to 3 October 1990, when it was absorbed.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Part of<\/dt>\n<dd>Bundeswehr<span class=\"gnote\">One of the Bundeswehr&rsquo;s military services alongside the Heer, the Marine, the Streitkr&#228;ftebasis, the Zentraler Sanit&#228;tsdienst and the Cyber- und Informationsraum. Naval aviation belongs to the Marine and army aviation to the Heer; the Luftwaffe holds all German ground-based air defence, which it took over from the army in 2012.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Headquarters<\/dt>\n<dd>Kommando Luftwaffe, Berlin-Gatow<span class=\"gnote\">The air staff sits in the General-Steinhoff-Kaserne on the former RAF Gatow airfield in Berlin, alongside the Milit&#228;rhistorisches Museum Flugplatz Berlin-Gatow. The force-generating headquarters, the Luftwaffentruppenkommando, is at the Luftwaffenkaserne Wahn next to Cologne\/Bonn airport.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>High commands<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Air Component Command &mdash; air operations, national air defence and the standing Joint Force Air Component headquarters, Kalkar and Uedem<\/li>\n<li>Luftwaffentruppenkommando &mdash; every flying wing, the air defence missile wing and the support units, K&#246;ln-Wahn<\/li>\n<li>Weltraumkommando der Bundeswehr &mdash; space, Uedem<\/li>\n<li>Luftfahrtamt der Bundeswehr &mdash; airworthiness, licensing and flight safety, K&#246;ln-Wahn<\/li>\n<li>Continuing Airworthiness Management Organisation der Bundeswehr &mdash; stood up 1 August 2025 for all Bundeswehr aircraft, K&#246;ln-Wahn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">The Inspekteur der Luftwaffe commands from the Kommando Luftwaffe at Berlin-Gatow and reports to the Generalinspekteur der Bundeswehr. The Luftfahrtamt was placed under the Inspekteur on 1 October 2024, having previously answered to the ministry.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Chief of staff<\/dt>\n<dd>GenLt Holger Neumann<span class=\"gnote\">In post since 27 May 2025, the seventeenth Inspekteur der Luftwaffe. A former Tornado pilot of Jagdbombergeschwader 34 at Memmingen.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Aerobatic team<\/dt>\n<dd>None<span class=\"gnote\">The Bundeswehr has no aerobatic display team and has never had one &mdash; a deliberate post-1956 choice, and one of the clearest differences between the Luftwaffe and almost every other major air force. Display flying is done by solo Eurofighter demonstrations from the operational wings.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Strength<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Military personnel<\/dt>\n<dd>about 27,600<span class=\"gnote\">27,642 soldiers in January 2025, of whom 2,829 were women &mdash; the second-largest Bundeswehr service after the Heer. The Luftwaffe was roughly four times this size at the height of the Cold War, in the order of 100,000 people; Germany does not publish a single audited peak figure. The 2011 Neuausrichtung set a ceiling of 23,000 military posts; the 2016 Trendwende Personal abandoned the ceiling, and the service has been growing slowly since.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Civilian staff<\/dt>\n<dd>about 5,950 planned<span class=\"gnote\">The planned establishment of civil servants and employees attached to the Luftwaffe, concentrated in maintenance and the airfield fire services. Germany does not publish a monthly audited civilian figure per service.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Combat aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>about 231<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Eurofighter Typhoon &mdash; 141<\/li>\n<li>Tornado IDS and Recce &mdash; 68<\/li>\n<li>Tornado ECR &mdash; 21<\/li>\n<li>F-35A Lightning II &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">On charge, not available. The Wehrbeauftragte&rsquo;s annual reports have repeatedly put the share of aircraft actually mission-capable far below the fleet total, and the Tornado figure includes airframes held for spares recovery as the type runs down towards its 2030 out-of-service date.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Total aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>roughly 440<span class=\"gnote\">Combat, transport, tanker, government transport, training, helicopter and unmanned fleets together, counting only airframes on the German charge. It excludes the ten A330 MRTTs of the Multinational MRTT Fleet, which are owned by NATO&rsquo;s procurement agency and carry Netherlands registrations, and the T-6A Texan IIs at Sheppard, which are American aircraft.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Serviceability<\/dt>\n<dd>persistently contested<span class=\"gnote\">The single most reported German defence statistic of the 2010s. Bundestag answers in 2017&ndash;18 put the number of Eurofighters ready for operations in the single figures at points in the year, against a fleet of more than 120; the ministry argued that the figure counted full weapons-system availability rather than flyable aircraft. Both were true, which is why the argument never resolved. The Wehrbeauftragte&rsquo;s reports remain the best public source.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Defence budget<\/dt>\n<dd>&#8364;86.5 bn (2025, all services)<span class=\"gnote\">Einzelplan 14, the defence chapter of the federal budget, rose to &#8364;62.4 billion for 2025, and a further &#8364;24.1 billion was drawn from the 100-billion-euro Sonderverm&#246;gen Bundeswehr created in June 2022, giving &#8364;86.5 billion and a NATO-counted 2.4 per cent of GDP. Germany does not publish a separate air force budget line; aircraft are bought through the BAAINBw procurement office and approved item by item by the Bundestag budget committee, which is why almost every German aircraft order has a datable parliamentary vote behind it.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Infrastructure<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Air bases<\/dt>\n<dd>9 Fliegerhorste plus 3 shared civil airports<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Fighter bases: B&#252;chel, N&#246;rvenich, Neuburg, Wittmundhafen, Laage, Schleswig-Jagel<\/li>\n<li>Transport and helicopters: Wunstorf, Holzdorf, Laupheim<\/li>\n<li>Shared with civil operators: K&#246;ln\/Bonn, Berlin Brandenburg, Rostock-Laage<\/li>\n<li>Geilenkirchen is NATO&rsquo;s, not Germany&rsquo;s; Ramstein and Spangdahlem are the United States Air Force&rsquo;s<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">The Luftwaffe&rsquo;s own count. Hohn, Lechfeld, Diepholz and Manching remain in use for dispersal, maintenance and flight test without hosting a flying wing. More than forty Fliegerhorste have been given up since 1990, including the whole Nationale Volksarmee network.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Quick Reaction Alert<\/dt>\n<dd>Two bases, 24\/7<span class=\"gnote\">Northern alert is held by Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 &quot;Richthofen&quot;, southern alert by Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 74 at Neuburg. The northern pair sat at Laage from January 2022 while Wittmundhafen was rebuilt and moved back on 13 July 2026. Alert aircraft are controlled by the Nationales Lage- und F&#252;hrungszentrum f&#252;r Sicherheit im Luftraum at Uedem, a joint civil-military centre, and by the Einsatzf&#252;hrungsbereiche at Erndtebr&#252;ck and Sch&#246;newalde.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Nuclear role<\/dt>\n<dd>B&#252;chel, under NATO sharing<span class=\"gnote\">Germany neither confirms nor denies that American B61 bombs are held at B&#252;chel, but the presence of the United States Air Force 702nd Munitions Support Squadron there is not denied, and Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 33 is openly described as the only German flying unit trained for the nuclear mission. The vaults built into the shelters can hold up to 44 weapons; the Federation of American Scientists has estimated the actual number at about 20. The role passes from the Tornado to the F-35A.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Longest runway<\/dt>\n<dd>2,507 m at B&uuml;chel<span class=\"gnote\">The longest runway at a Luftwaffe fighter base, and modest by international standards because German fighter bases were built for dispersal and short-field operation. Longer strips in the German order of battle belong to other people or other roles: about 3,050 m at Geilenkirchen, which is NATO&rsquo;s, 3,200 m at Ramstein, which is American, 2,940 m at Manching, which belongs to the trials establishment, and 4,000 m at Berlin Brandenburg, which is civil.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Ground-based air defence<\/dt>\n<dd>Patriot, IRIS-T SLM, Arrow 3<span class=\"gnote\">The Luftwaffe took over all German ground-based air defence in 2012 when the army&rsquo;s Heeresflugabwehrtruppe was disbanded. Flugabwehrraketengeschwader 1 at Husum holds the Patriot force through Flugabwehrraketengruppen 21, 24 and 26; Flugabwehrraketengruppe 61 at Todendorf, which has been under Dutch operational command since 4 April 2018, holds IRIS-T SLM and Ozelot; the first Arrow 3 battery went into service at Holzdorf on 3 December 2025.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"structure\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Structure<\/div>\n<h2>How the German Air Force is organised<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">One service command at Berlin-Gatow over four subordinate commands. <span class=\"imp\">The German oddity is that the Luftwaffe owns the country&rsquo;s entire ground-based air defence &mdash; Patriot, IRIS-T SLM and Arrow 3 &mdash; because the army&rsquo;s air defence branch was abolished in 2012 and its equipment handed over.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"org\">\n<div class=\"cmdcard\"><span class=\"cface mono\">GH<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"cmdtx\"><span class=\"crank\">Generalleutnant<\/span><b>Generalleutnant Holger Neumann<\/b><span class=\"cmeta\">Inspekteur der Luftwaffe &middot; in office since 2025<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmdorg\"><span>Kommando Luftwaffe<\/span><em>Luftwaffe<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgrow\">\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Staff<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Kommando Luftwaffe<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">Kdo Lw<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Berlin-Gatow<\/div>\n<p>The Inspekteur der Luftwaffe and the air staff in the General-Steinhoff-Kaserne at Berlin-Gatow: doctrine, programme, budget and the link to the Generalinspekteur der Bundeswehr. The Luftfahrtamt der Bundeswehr reports directly to the Inspekteur, a change made on 1 October 2024 to keep airworthiness and flight safety technically independent while giving the service owner responsibility for them.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Operations<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Air Component Command<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">ACC<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Kalkar and Uedem<\/div>\n<p>Plans and runs German air and space operations from the Von-Seydlitz-Kaserne at Kalkar and the site at Uedem. It grew out of the Zentrum Luftoperationen and folded the national air defence control centre, the space situational awareness centre and the air force operations centre into a single operations room. Its Joint Force Air Component headquarters, previously activated only when needed, has been run as a standing headquarters since 2025.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Force generation<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Luftwaffentruppenkommando<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">LwTrKdo<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">K&#246;ln-Wahn<\/div>\n<p>Owns every flying wing, the air defence missile wing, the schools and the support units, and is responsible for having trained and equipped forces available. It does not command them on operations &mdash; that is done by NATO or EU headquarters, or nationally by the Einsatzf&#252;hrungskommando. Stood up in its present form on 1 July 2015.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Space<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Weltraumkommando der Bundeswehr<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">WRKdo<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Uedem<\/div>\n<p>Brings the Bundeswehr&rsquo;s space activities under one roof, in two branches: space situational awareness, and the planning and conduct of space operations. Created in 2021 and located with the Air Component Command at Uedem.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Airworthiness<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Luftfahrtamt der Bundeswehr<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">LufABw<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">K&#246;ln-Wahn<\/div>\n<p>Certifies Bundeswehr aircraft, writes the flight operations and air traffic rules, licenses aircrew and technicians, sets aeromedical standards and records flight movements. Its General Flugsicherheit can inspect any unit. Subordinated to the Inspekteur der Luftwaffe on 1 October 2024.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Airworthiness management<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Continuing Airworthiness Management Organisation der Bundeswehr<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">CAMOBw<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">K&#246;ln-Wahn<\/div>\n<p>Stood up on 1 August 2025 in the Luftwaffenkaserne at K&#246;ln-Wahn, with military and civilian staff from every Bundeswehr service, and responsible for the continuing airworthiness of every Bundeswehr aircraft &mdash; fixed wing, rotary wing and unmanned.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Fighters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Taktische Luftwaffengeschwader<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">TaktLwG<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">six bases<\/div>\n<p>Six tactical air force wings: 31 &quot;Boelcke&quot; at N&#246;rvenich, 33 at B&#252;chel, 51 &quot;Immelmann&quot; at Schleswig-Jagel, 71 &quot;Richthofen&quot; at Wittmundhafen, 73 &quot;Steinhoff&quot; at Laage and 74 at Neuburg. Four fly the Eurofighter, two fly the Tornado, and B&#252;chel is converting to the F-35A.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Air transport<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Air Transport Wing 62 and Flugbereitschaft BMVg<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">LTG 62 \/ FlBschft<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Wunstorf and K&#246;ln-Wahn<\/div>\n<p>The A400M wing at Wunstorf and the ministerial transport wing at K&#246;ln-Wahn and Berlin Brandenburg. Both are tasked on operations through the European Air Transport Command at Eindhoven, the multinational airlift command Germany joined with France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Spain and Italy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Helicopters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Hubschraubergeschwader 64<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">HSG 64<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Laupheim and Holzdorf<\/div>\n<p>The Luftwaffe&rsquo;s only helicopter wing, with its headquarters, flying group and technical group at Laupheim, its air transport group at Holzdorf near Sch&#246;newalde, a maintenance squadron at Diepholz and the CH-53 simulator at B&#252;ckeburg. It flies the CH-53GA, GS and GE and the H145M LUH SOF for the army&rsquo;s special forces, and will receive the CH-47F.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Air defence<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Flugabwehrraketengeschwader 1<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">FlaRakG 1<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Husum<\/div>\n<p>The Patriot wing, with 255 established posts at Husum and its firing groups at Sanitz, Bad S&#252;lze and Husum plus the air defence training centre. Flugabwehrraketengruppe 61 at Todendorf, which holds IRIS-T SLM and Ozelot, has been under the Dutch Defensie Grondgebonden Luchtverdedigingscommando since 4 April 2018.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Air surveillance<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Einsatzf&#252;hrungsdienst<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">EinsF&#252;Ber<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Erndtebr&#252;ck and Sch&#246;newalde<\/div>\n<p>The radar and control reporting organisation: Einsatzf&#252;hrungsbereich 2 at Erndtebr&#252;ck and Einsatzf&#252;hrungsbereich 3 at Sch&#246;newalde, with fixed HADR, RRP-117 and Ground Master 406F radars, deployable RAT-31DL, and twenty ASR-S airfield surveillance radars going in across the Fliegerhorste.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Force protection<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Objektschutzregiment der Luftwaffe &quot;Friesland&quot;<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">ObjSRgt Lw<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Schortens<\/div>\n<p>The Luftwaffe&rsquo;s ground combat regiment, which secures deployed airfields and has served in almost every German overseas operation. Based at Schortens on the former Fliegerhorst Jever in Friesland.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Training<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Schools and training commands<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">&mdash;<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Roth, Appen, Sheppard AFB<\/div>\n<p>The Offizierschule der Luftwaffe at Roth, the Unteroffizierschule at Appen and Heide, the Luftwaffenausbildungsbataillon at Roth and Germersheim, the Technisches Ausbildungszentrum at Kaufbeuren and Fa&#223;berg, and the overseas commands: the Taktisches Ausbildungskommando der Luftwaffe USA at Sheppard AFB in Texas, the 3. Deutsche Luftwaffenausbildungsstaffel at Goodyear in Arizona, weapons systems officers at NAS Pensacola and the air defence training centre at Fort Bliss.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Engineering<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Waffensystemunterst&#252;tzungszentren<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">WaSysUstgZ<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Manching and Diepholz<\/div>\n<p>Depot-level support for the fleets: Waffensystemunterst&#252;tzungszentrum 1 at Manching, alongside the Wehrtechnische Dienststelle 61 flight test centre, and Waffensystemunterst&#252;tzungszentrum 2 at Diepholz. The Zentrum Elektronischer Kampf Fliegende Waffensysteme at Kleinaitingen, next to Lechfeld, handles airborne electronic warfare.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">In service<\/div>\n<h2>What the German Air Force flies today<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type on charge, linked to its Book of Beasts page where one exists. <span class=\"imp\">Counts are aircraft on the books, not aircraft available on a given day.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-yr\">\n<col class=\"c-units\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">In service<\/th>\n<th>Since<\/th>\n<th>Units<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph2\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon Tranche 1\/2\/3A<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Multirole fighter; national quick reaction alert<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">141<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2003<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 31 &quot;Boelcke&quot;, Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 &quot;Richthofen&quot;, Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 73 &quot;Steinhoff&quot;, Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 74<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">141 on charge in 2026: 33 Tranche 1, 77 Tranche 2 and 31 Tranche 3A. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Germany ordered 180 in three tranches, cut the third from 68 to 31 aircraft as Tranche 3A in July 2009, and took delivery of 143 between 2003 and 2019; two Tranche 2 aircraft were destroyed in a mid-air collision over Mecklenburg on 24 June 2019. The 33 Tranche 1 aircraft are being replaced one for one by 38 Tranche 4 machines under project Quadriga.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph3\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Multirole stealth fighter; NATO nuclear-sharing strike<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2026<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 33<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">One aircraft, 35+01, handed over at Fort Worth on 18 September 2026 after its first flight on 8 September. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Thirty-five were ordered on 14 December 2022 for about &#8364;10 billion from the Sonderverm&#246;gen. The first eight stay in the United States for aircrew and technician training at Ebbing Air National Guard Base, Fort Smith, Arkansas; aircraft for Germany are expected at B&#252;chel from 2027.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph4\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado IDS and Recce<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Interdiction, strike and tactical reconnaissance; NATO nuclear-sharing strike<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">68<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1980<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 33, Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 &quot;Immelmann&quot;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">68 Tornado IDS and reconnaissance aircraft on charge in 2026, out of 334 delivered to Germany from 1980 for the Luftwaffe, the Marineflieger and the test establishments. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The count falls every year and includes airframes held for spares recovery; the type goes out of service in 2030.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph5\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado ECR<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Suppression and destruction of enemy air defences; electronic reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">21<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1990<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 &quot;Immelmann&quot;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">21 of the 35 Tornado ECRs delivered to Germany from 1990 remain on charge in 2026. The ECR role passes to 15 Eurofighter EK aircraft, contracted in October 2025 for &#8364;1.21 billion.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph6\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus A400M Atlas<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Strategic and tactical airlift, air-to-air refuelling, aeromedical evacuation<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">53<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2014<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Air Transport Wing 62<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">All 53 ordered have been delivered. The first arrived at Wunstorf in December 2014 and the last, 54+63, landed there at 12:30 on 17 April 2026, eleven years after the first. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>It is the largest A400M fleet in the world; the other operators are France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Turkey, Belgium, Luxembourg and Malaysia, with Kazakhstan on order.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph7\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Lockheed Martin C-130J-30 Super Hercules<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Tactical airlift for special operations<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2022<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Three C-130J-30 transports, all delivered by April 2024 alongside three KC-130J tankers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph8\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Lockheed Martin KC-130J Super Hercules<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Tactical air-to-air refuelling, especially of helicopters<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2022<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Three KC-130J tankers, the last delivered in April 2024, completing the six-aircraft German half of the binational squadron.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph9\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus A330 MRTT (Multinational MRTT Fleet)<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Air-to-air refuelling, strategic transport, aeromedical evacuation<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">0<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2020<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">DDO\/DtA Multinational MRTT Fleet<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Germany owns none of these aircraft. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>They belong to the NATO Support and Procurement Agency, carry Netherlands registrations and are flown by the Multinational Multirole Tanker Transport Unit. Germany funds 5,500 of the fleet&rsquo;s 11,000 annual flight hours &mdash; the largest single share, equivalent to five of the ten aircraft &mdash; and provides about 62 per cent of the unit&rsquo;s personnel. Nine aircraft were in service in February 2026, the tenth was due in September 2026, and the fleet is to reach twelve by 2029.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph10\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus A350-900 ACJ<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Government and VIP transport<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2020<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">2. Lufttransportstaffel<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Three aircraft, 10+01 to 10+03, ordered in January 2019 at about &#8364;180 million each and roughly &#8364;280 million each after the VIP conversion and special equipment. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>They replaced the two A340-313X VIP aircraft, which went in 2023 after repeated technical failures on ministerial and chancellery flights.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph11\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus A321LR<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Personnel and aeromedical transport<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2022<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">1. Lufttransportstaffel<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Two aircraft, 15+10 and 15+11, delivered in June and August 2022 after a procurement that took only two years &mdash; unusually fast by German standards and explicitly presented as such.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph12\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus A321-200<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Government and personnel transport<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2018<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">1. Lufttransportstaffel<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">One aircraft, 15+04, a former airline machine taken on in 2018.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph13\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus A319CJ and A319 Open Skies<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">VIP transport; Open Skies treaty observation<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2010<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">1. Lufttransportstaffel, 2. Lufttransportstaffel<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Three aircraft, 15+01 to 15+03. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Two are VIP transports; the third, delivered in June 2019, is fitted for observation flights under the Treaty on Open Skies and carries the words &quot;Offener Himmel&quot; on its fin.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph14\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Bombardier Global 6000<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Government and VIP transport<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2019<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">1. Lufttransportstaffel<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Three aircraft, 14+05 to 14+07, delivered by December 2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph15\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Bombardier Global 5000<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Government and VIP transport<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2011<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">1. Lufttransportstaffel<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Three of the four delivered from 2011 remain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph16\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus Helicopters H145M LUH SOF<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Special forces transport and support<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">15<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2015<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">4. Fliegende Staffel HSG 64<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Fifteen delivered from 2015 and operational since 2017; five more are being taken from a later Bundeswehr order for 62 H145Ms.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph17\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus Helicopters H145M LKH SOF<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Special forces transport and support<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2026<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">4. Fliegende Staffel HSG 64<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Deliveries began in 2026 against an order for five; at least two were on charge in September 2026. The count moves month to month and the Bundeswehr does not publish a running total.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph18\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Sikorsky CH-53GA, CH-53GS and CH-53GE<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Medium transport, combat search and rescue, aeromedical evacuation<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">66<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2013<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">1. Fliegende Staffel HSG 64, 2. Fliegende Staffel HSG 64, 3. Fliegende Staffel HSG 64<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">66 of the 112 delivered from 1972 remain. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The Bundeswehr gives the split as 40 CH-53GA, 20 CH-53GS and 6 CH-53GE; other accounts give 22 GS, and the sub-totals do not reconcile cleanly with the 66 on charge. The fleet passed from the Heer to the Luftwaffe in the 2013 F&#228;higkeitstransfer Hubschrauber and reaches the end of its service life around 2030.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph19\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Eurocopter AS532U2 Cougar Mk II<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Government and VIP helicopter transport<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1997<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">3. Lufttransportstaffel<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Three aircraft, 82+01 to 82+03, in service since 1997.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph20\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Northrop T-38C Talon<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Advanced jet pilot training<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">41<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1968<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">41 of 46 delivered remain. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The aircraft belong to the Luftwaffe but fly in United States Air Force markings and on American registrations, because they are pooled into the Euro-NATO Joint Jet Pilot Training programme.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph21\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Beechcraft T-6A Texan II<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Basic and intermediate jet pilot training<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">0<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2001<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Germany owns none. The T-6As at Sheppard belong to the United States Air Force; Germany pays a share of the cost proportional to the number of German students on the course.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph22\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Grob G 120TP-A<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Flight screening and elementary pilot training<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">5<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2013<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Five aircraft, provided by Grob Aircraft under a service contract rather than owned by the Luftwaffe, and flown at Goodyear in Arizona.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph23\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>IAI Heron TP (German Heron TP)<span class=\"nflag nf6\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Israel\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Medium-altitude long-endurance reconnaissance; armed capability<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">7<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2024<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 &quot;Immelmann&quot;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Leased from Israel Aerospace Industries through Airbus under a 2018 Bundestag decision and in service since 2024. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Sources differ on the fleet: reporting in June 2025 described five leased aircraft plus three bought government-to-government, six of them at Jagel and two at Tel Nof, while reporting in December 2025 described seven aircraft, all in Germany, on a nine-year contract worth about &#8364;900 million, with three more planned. The 2018 lease itself was reported at US$600 million.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph24\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>MIM-104 Patriot<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Long-range ground-based air and missile defence<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">7<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1989<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Flugabwehrraketengruppe 26<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Seven fire units on charge. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Germany held twelve at the start of the war in Ukraine; three had gone to Kyiv by July 2024 and the federal government decided in August 2025 to hand over two more, with the United States promising accelerated deliveries of newly built systems in return. Of the seven that remain, two are deployed in Poland and one is tied up in training and industry work, so five are in Germany. Four more were ordered in March 2024 and four in July 2024.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph25\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>IRIS-T SLM<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Medium-range ground-based air defence<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2024<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">One fire unit on charge. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Six were contracted in June 2023 for about &#8364;950 million from the Sonderverm&#246;gen, with two more on option; the first was formally commissioned on 4 September 2024, the first unit in German national configuration was handed to Flugabwehrraketengruppe 61 at Todendorf on 13 February 2026, and series deliveries run to 2027.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Arrow 3<span class=\"nflag nf6\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Israel\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Exo-atmospheric ballistic missile defence<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2025<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Arrow weapon system battery<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">One battery in service. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The contract was signed on 23 November 2023 for about &#8364;4 billion, rising to roughly &#8364;5 billion with sustainment, after Bundestag budget committee approval on 18 October 2023. Three batteries are planned, with full capability by the end of the decade.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph26\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Wiesel 2 Ozelot<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Very short-range ground-based air defence<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2001<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Three systems with Flugabwehrraketengruppe 61.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fleetchart\">\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Typhoon<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:100%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">141<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Tornado IDS<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:48%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">68<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">CH-53G<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:47%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">66<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">A400M<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:38%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">53<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">T-38C<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:29%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">41<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Tornado ECR<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:15%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">21<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">H145M<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:11%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">15<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Heron TP<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:5%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">7<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>On order<\/h3>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet ord\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-fd\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Ordered<\/th>\n<th>First delivery<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph3\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">34<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2026<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Thirty-five ordered on 14 December 2022 for about &#8364;10 billion from the Sonderverm&#246;gen Bundeswehr; the first, 35+01, was handed over at Fort Worth on 18 September 2026, leaving 34 to come. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The first eight remain in the United States for training at Ebbing Air National Guard Base in Arkansas; aircraft for Germany are expected at B&#252;chel from 2027. They replace the Tornado in the NATO nuclear-sharing role, which ends for the Tornado in 2030.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph27\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon Tranche 4 (Quadriga)<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">38<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2026<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Thirty-eight aircraft approved by the Bundestag on 5 November 2020 and contracted on 11 November 2020, to replace the 33 Tranche 1 machines one for one with five spare. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The first Quadriga aircraft began flight testing in July 2026. They carry the Captor-E active electronically scanned array radar that the Tranche 1 never had.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph28\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon Tranche 5<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">20<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2031<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Twenty aircraft for about &#8364;3.75 billion, approved by the Bundestag budget committee on 8 October 2025 and announced by Airbus on 15 October 2025, for delivery between 2031 and 2034. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The same package funded the &#8364;1.21 billion Eurofighter EK conversion.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter EK<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">15<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Thirty-five aircraft in two steps &mdash; fifteen from the Tranche 4 Quadriga batch and twenty from the Tranche 5 order &mdash; equipped for the suppression and destruction of enemy air defences, taking over from the Tornado ECR. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The &#8364;1.21 billion conversion was contracted in October 2025 alongside the Tranche 5 order; the electronic warfare suite is built around Saab&rsquo;s AREXIS and Helsing&rsquo;s Cirra. Germany would be the only European operator of a dedicated SEAD Eurofighter.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ch-47-chinook\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph29\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ch-47-chinook\/\">Boeing CH-47F Block II Chinook<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">60<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2027<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Sixty helicopters ordered in July 2023 for about &#8364;7 billion from the Sonderverm&#246;gen, in a direct government-to-government purchase from the United States approved by the Bundestag committees on 5 July 2023. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>First delivery is due in the fourth quarter of 2027 and the last in the fourth quarter of 2032. Most go to Sch&#246;newalde\/Holzdorf, the rest to Laupheim, with one to the Wehrtechnische Dienststelle 61 at Manching.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph30\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Bombardier Global 6000 PEGASUS<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2027<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Three Global 6000 airframes being converted into a signals intelligence system by Lufthansa Technik in Hamburg with sensors from Hensoldt and about thirty other companies. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Two aircraft were flown from the United States to Germany by late 2025; handover to the Bundeswehr is planned for 2027 and initial operational capability for 2028. They will fly with Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 &quot;Immelmann&quot; at Schleswig-Jagel.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus A330 MRTT (Multinational MRTT Fleet expansion)<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2029<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">The pooled NATO fleet is growing from ten aircraft to twelve by 2029. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Germany does not own the airframes; it buys flight hours, and a third operating base is planned at Karup in Denmark alongside Eindhoven and K&#246;ln\/Bonn.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph17\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus Helicopters H145M LKH SOF<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2026<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Five ordered for the special-forces support squadron of Hubschraubergeschwader 64, of which at least two had been delivered by September 2026. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>They come from a larger Bundeswehr order placed in December 2023 for up to 82 H145Ms across the services.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph25\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>IRIS-T SLM<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">5<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2025<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Five of the six fire units contracted in June 2023 for about &#8364;950 million are still to be delivered, with series deliveries running from late 2025 to 2027 and an option on two more. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>A further defence package of &#8364;3.85 billion included roughly &#8364;1 billion to expand IRIS-T SLM stocks.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Arrow 3<span class=\"nflag nf6\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Israel\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2027<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Two more batteries of the three contracted on 23 November 2023, to be sited in Schleswig-Holstein and in Bavaria so that the system covers Germany from the Baltic to the Alps. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Full capability is planned by the end of the decade; negotiations on additional interceptors and possibly further fire units were reported in November 2025.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph24\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>MIM-104 Patriot<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">8<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\"><\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Four fire units were ordered in March 2024 and four more in July 2024, to rebuild the force after transfers to Ukraine. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The United States undertook in August 2025 to accelerate deliveries of newly built systems in exchange for two further German units going to Ukraine.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph31\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>European MALE RPAS (Eurodrohne)<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">21<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2030<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Twenty-one air vehicles in seven systems, from the four-nation programme with France, Italy and Spain, to replace the leased Heron TP from about 2030. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The programme has slipped repeatedly and the in-service date should be treated as a plan rather than a date.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"former\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Formerly operated<\/div>\n<h2>Every type the German Air Force has retired<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">63 types, from the Fokker E.I to E.IV Eindecker to the Airbus A340-313X VIP. <span class=\"imp\">Peak figures are airframes taken on charge over the whole service life, not fleet strength on any one date.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet former\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-srv\">\n<col class=\"c-rep\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Peak<\/th>\n<th>Served<\/th>\n<th>Replaced by<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph32\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus A340-313X VIP<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Government and VIP transport<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2010&ndash;2023<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">A350-900 ACJ<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Two aircraft, 16+01 and 16+02, in service from 2010 and retired in 2023.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph33\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus A310-304 MRTT<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Air-to-air refuelling, transport and aeromedical evacuation<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">4<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1999&ndash;2022<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">A330 MRTT of the Multinational MRTT Fleet<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Four aircraft converted from ex-Interflug and ex-Lufthansa airframes, in service from 1999.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph34\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transall C-160D<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Tactical airlift, paratrooping and aeromedical evacuation<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">110<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1968&ndash;2021<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">A400M Atlas<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">110 German aircraft from a Franco-German programme; 20 were sold to Turkey in 1971.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph35\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus A310-304 VIP and passenger<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Government and personnel transport<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">3<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1991&ndash;2021<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">A321LR<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Three aircraft taken over from the East German airline Interflug in 1991.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-4-phantom-ii\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph36\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-4-phantom-ii\/\" class=\"was\">McDonnell Douglas F-4F Phantom II<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Interceptor and fighter-bomber<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">175<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1973&ndash;2013<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">175 aircraft, simplified for German requirements and assembled in the United States from 1973; 110 were upgraded from 1991 under the ICE programme with the AN\/APG-65 radar and AIM-120 AMRAAM.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/uh-1-huey\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph37\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/uh-1-huey\/\" class=\"was\">Bell UH-1D Iroquois<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Utility transport, search and rescue, VIP transport<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">356<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1967&ndash;2012<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">H145 LUH SAR (Heer)<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">356 aircraft, nearly all licence-built by Dornier at Oberpfaffenhofen. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The Luftwaffe flew them until 2012, when the search and rescue task and the surviving airframes went to the Heer; the army retired the last in 2021.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph38\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Cessna T-37B Tweet<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Basic jet pilot training in the United States<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">47<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1967&ndash;2009<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">T-6A Texan II<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">47 aircraft from 1967, flown in American markings.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph39\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\" class=\"was\">Mikoyan MiG-29A \/ MiG-29G and MiG-29UB \/ MiG-29GT<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Air defence fighter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">24<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1990&ndash;2004<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">24 aircraft inherited from the Nationale Volksarmee on 3 October 1990: 20 single-seat MiG-29A, brought to MiG-29G standard with Western radios, navigation and IFF, and 4 MiG-29UB two-seaters, modified as MiG-29GT. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Twenty-two were sold to Poland in 2003&ndash;04 for a symbolic price; one was lost in a crash and one is in the museum at Berlin-Gatow.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph40\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>MIM-23 Hawk<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Medium-altitude ground-based air defence<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1965&ndash;2001<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Patriot<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">In Luftwaffe service from 1965 to 2001. Published launcher totals vary and none could be corroborated for this dataset, so no figure is given.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph41\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Antonov An-26, Tupolev Tu-134A, Tu-154M, Ilyushin Il-62M and Let L-410<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Transport, VIP transport, calibration and Open Skies observation<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">32<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1990&ndash;2000<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">12 An-26 to 1994, 3 Tu-134A to 1992, 2 Tu-154M to 1997, 3 Il-62M to 1993 and 12 L-410UVP to 2000.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/alpha-jet\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph42\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/alpha-jet\/\" class=\"was\">Dassault-Breguet\/Dornier Alpha Jet A<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Light attack, weapons training and advanced training<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">175<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1979&ndash;1997<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Tornado, Eurofighter<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">175 German aircraft, built jointly with France. Germany took the ground-attack A version; France took the trainer E.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph43\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Mil Mi-8S, Mi-8T and Mi-8TB<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Transport and assault helicopter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">91<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1990&ndash;1997<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">91 airframes taken over in 1990, flown by the Heer, the Luftwaffe and the Marine until 1997.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph44\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Dornier Do 28D Skyservant<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Light transport, liaison and VIP transport<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">121<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1971&ndash;1995<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">121 aircraft from 1971 with the Luftwaffe and the Marine.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-4-phantom-ii\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph45\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-4-phantom-ii\/\" class=\"was\">McDonnell Douglas RF-4E Phantom II<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Tactical reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">88<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1971&ndash;1994<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Tornado Recce<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">88 aircraft delivered from 1971, the unarmed camera-nosed reconnaissance version.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph46\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>HFB 320 Hansa Jet and HFB 320M ECM<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">VIP transport; electronic warfare training<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">16<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1976&ndash;1994<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Eight VIP transports from 1976 and eight forward-swept-wing electronic warfare training aircraft from 1977.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph47\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Mil Mi-24D and Mi-24P Hind<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Attack helicopter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">51<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1990&ndash;1993<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">51 taken over in 1990 and flown only for evaluation until 1993.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph48\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\" class=\"was\">Lockheed F-104G, RF-104G, TF-104G and F-104F Starfighter<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Interceptor, strike, reconnaissance and nuclear strike<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">916<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1960&ndash;1991<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Tornado, F-4F Phantom II<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">916 aircraft: 586 F-104G, 163 RF-104G, 137 TF-104G two-seaters and 30 F-104F trainers. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>Germany was by far the largest operator and most were licence-built in Europe, many by a German consortium. 292 were lost in accidents and 116 pilots killed, 108 of them German and eight American.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph49\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>MGM-31 Pershing 1A<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Nuclear-armed theatre ballistic missile<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">72<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1971&ndash;1991<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">72 launchers, 36 in each of two Luftwaffe Flugk&#246;rpergeschwader, from 1971. The missiles were German-crewed; the nuclear warheads stayed under United States custody. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>The German missiles fell outside the 1987 INF Treaty, which bound only the superpowers; Chancellor Kohl undertook in August 1987 to give them up once Washington and Moscow had destroyed theirs, and they were destroyed in 1991. Flugk&#246;rpergeschwader 1 was disbanded on 31 December 1991.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph50\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Piaggio P.149D<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Elementary pilot training and liaison<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">266<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1957&ndash;1990<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Grob G 115<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">266 aircraft, most licence-built by Focke-Wulf in Bremen.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph51\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\" class=\"was\">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Air defence fighter and fighter-bomber<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">251<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1962&ndash;1990<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">251 aircraft on the Nationale Volksarmee inventory in 1989, in MF, bis, SPS, PFM, U and UM versions. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>None was taken into Luftwaffe service; they were scrapped, sold to collectors and museums, or used as gate guards and targets.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph52\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\" class=\"was\">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 and MiG-23BN<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Interceptor and fighter-bomber<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">65<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1978&ndash;1990<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">47 MiG-23 interceptors and 18 MiG-23BN fighter-bombers in 1989. None entered Luftwaffe service.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-22-fitter\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph53\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-22-fitter\/\" class=\"was\">Sukhoi Su-22M4 and Su-22UM3K<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Fighter-bomber and reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">54<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1984&ndash;1990<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">54 aircraft in 1989 with the Nationale Volksarmee. None entered Luftwaffe service.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/l-39-albatros\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph54\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/l-39-albatros\/\" class=\"was\">Aero L-39ZO Albatros<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Jet training and light attack<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">52<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1977&ndash;1990<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">52 aircraft in 1989 with the Nationale Volksarmee training schools. None was taken into Luftwaffe service.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph55\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>MIM-14 Nike Hercules<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">High-altitude ground-based air defence; nuclear-capable<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1962&ndash;1989<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Patriot<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">The Luftwaffe held Nike Hercules in fixed sites from the early 1960s until the end of the 1980s. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>No audited German launcher total for a given year could be verified for this dataset, so no figure is given rather than a guess.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fiat-g91\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph56\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fiat-g91\/\" class=\"was\">Fiat G.91R\/3, G.91T\/3 and G.91R\/4 Gina<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Light attack, tactical reconnaissance and weapons training<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">461<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1960&ndash;1982<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Alpha Jet<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">345 G.91R\/3 single-seaters, 66 G.91T\/3 two-seat trainers and 50 G.91R\/4, most of them licence-built in Germany by Dornier, Messerschmitt and Heinkel.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph57\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Dornier Do 27A and Do 27B<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Liaison, light transport, observation and training<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">428<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1957&ndash;1980<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Do 28D Skyservant<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">322 Do 27A and 106 Do 27B, the largest single German aircraft order of the 1950s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-80-shooting-star\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph58\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-80-shooting-star\/\" class=\"was\">Lockheed T-33A T-Bird<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Pilot training and liaison<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">192<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1956&ndash;1976<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Alpha Jet<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">192 aircraft from 1956.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph59\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Sikorsky H-34G Choctaw<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Transport, training, anti-submarine work and rescue<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">191<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1957&ndash;1975<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">UH-1D Iroquois<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">191 aircraft across the Heer, the Luftwaffe and the Marine from 1957.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph60\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Nord 2501 Noratlas<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Transport, training and aeromedical evacuation<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">186<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1956&ndash;1971<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Transall C-160D<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">186 aircraft, most of them licence-built in Germany.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph61\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>MGM-1 Matador and MGM-13 Mace<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Nuclear-armed cruise missile<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1958&ndash;1971<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Pershing 1A<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Flugk&#246;rpergeschwader 1 stood up with the MGM-1 Matador in 1958 with six launchers, raised to eight in 1965. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>No audited total for the German Matador and Mace inventory could be verified, so none is given.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph62\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Fouga CM.170R Magister<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Jet pilot training<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">234<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1957&ndash;1969<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">T-37B Texan\/Tweet in the United States<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">234 aircraft with the Luftwaffe and the Marine, many licence-built in Germany.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-84-thunderjet\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph63\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-84-thunderjet\/\" class=\"was\">Republic F-84F Thunderstreak<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Fighter-bomber and weapons training<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">450<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1956&ndash;1967<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">F-104G Starfighter<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">450 taken on charge from 1956, the first jet combat aircraft of the new Luftwaffe.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-84-thunderjet\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph64\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-84-thunderjet\/\" class=\"was\">Republic RF-84F Thunderflash<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Tactical reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">108<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1958&ndash;1966<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">RF-104G Starfighter<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">108 delivered from 1958.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph65\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">Canadair CL-13B Sabre Mk.5 and Mk.6<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Day fighter and weapons training<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">300<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1958&ndash;1966<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">F-104G Starfighter<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">75 Sabre Mk.5 and 225 Sabre Mk.6, the Canadian licence-built F-86E with the Orenda engine.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph66\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\" class=\"was\">North American F-86K Sabre Dog<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">All-weather interceptor<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">88<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1959&ndash;1966<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">F-104G Starfighter<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">88 delivered from 1959, Fiat-assembled in Italy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/messerschmitt-bf-109\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph67\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/messerschmitt-bf-109\/\" class=\"was\">Messerschmitt Bf 109<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Single-seat fighter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">33,984<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1937&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">About 33,984 built between 1936 and 1945, the most-produced fighter aircraft in history. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>This is total production, not a strength figure: the 1935&ndash;45 Luftwaffe never held more than a fraction of that number at one time.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fw-190\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph68\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fw-190\/\" class=\"was\">Focke-Wulf Fw 190<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Fighter and fighter-bomber<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">20,000<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1941&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Over 20,000 built from 1941. Total production, not a strength figure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ju-87-stuka\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph69\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ju-87-stuka\/\" class=\"was\">Junkers Ju 87 Stuka<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Dive bomber and ground attack<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">6,500<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1937&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">About 6,500 built. Total production, not a strength figure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/he-111\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph70\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/he-111\/\" class=\"was\">Heinkel He 111<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Medium bomber and transport<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">6,500<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1935&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">About 6,500 built in Germany, plus Spanish CASA 2.111 licence production that ran to 1956. Total production, not a strength figure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/junkers-ju-52\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph71\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/junkers-ju-52\/\" class=\"was\">Junkers Ju 52\/3m<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Transport, paratroop carrier and early bomber<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">4,845<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1935&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">About 4,845 built. Total production, not a strength figure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bf-110\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph72\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/bf-110\/\" class=\"was\">Messerschmitt Bf 110<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Heavy fighter, night fighter and fighter-bomber<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">6,170<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1937&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">6,170 built. Total production, not a strength figure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/messerschmitt-me-262\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph73\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/messerschmitt-me-262\/\" class=\"was\">Messerschmitt Me 262 Schwalbe<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Jet fighter and fighter-bomber<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1,430<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1944&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">About 1,430 built, of which only a fraction were ever operational at one time. Total production, not a strength figure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/messerschmitt-me-410\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph74\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/messerschmitt-me-410\/\" class=\"was\">Messerschmitt Me 410 Hornisse<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Heavy fighter and fast bomber<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1,160<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1943&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">About 1,160 built. Total production, not a strength figure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/me-163-komet\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph75\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/me-163-komet\/\" class=\"was\">Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Rocket-powered point-defence interceptor<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">370<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1944&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">About 370 built. Total production, not a strength figure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/do-17\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph76\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/do-17\/\" class=\"was\">Dornier Do 17<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Medium bomber and reconnaissance<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2,139<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1937&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">About 2,139 built. Total production, not a strength figure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/dornier-do-217\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph77\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/dornier-do-217\/\" class=\"was\">Dornier Do 217<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Heavy bomber, night fighter and missile carrier<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1,905<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1941&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">1,905 built. Total production, not a strength figure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/arado-ar-234\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph78\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/arado-ar-234\/\" class=\"was\">Arado Ar 234 Blitz<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Jet reconnaissance aircraft and bomber<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">210<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1944&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">About 210 built. Total production, not a strength figure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/heinkel-he-219-uhu\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph79\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/heinkel-he-219-uhu\/\" class=\"was\">Heinkel He 219 Uhu<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Night fighter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">290<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1943&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">Between about 268 and 300 built; the exact figure is disputed. Total production, not a strength figure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/henschel-hs-129\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph80\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/henschel-hs-129\/\" class=\"was\">Henschel Hs 129<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Anti-tank ground-attack aircraft<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">865<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1942&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">About 865 built. Total production, not a strength figure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fieseler-fi-156-storch\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph81\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fieseler-fi-156-storch\/\" class=\"was\">Fieseler Fi 156 Storch<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Liaison, observation and casualty evacuation<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">2,900<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1937&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">About 2,900 built, including French and Czech production that continued after the war. Total production, not a strength figure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/focke-wulf-fw-189\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph82\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/focke-wulf-fw-189\/\" class=\"was\">Focke-Wulf Fw 189 Uhu<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Tactical reconnaissance and observation<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">864<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1940&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">864 built. Total production, not a strength figure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><span class=\"tthumb ph83\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Junkers Ju 88<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Bomber, night fighter, reconnaissance and heavy fighter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">15,000<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1939&ndash;1945<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">About 15,000 built in more than sixty variants, second only to the Bf 109 among German aircraft. Total production, not a strength figure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/heinkel-he-177\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/heinkel-he-177\/\" class=\"was\">Heinkel He 177 Greif<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Heavy bomber<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1,169<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1942&ndash;1944<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">1,169 built. Total production, not a strength figure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/henschel-hs-123\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph84\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/henschel-hs-123\/\" class=\"was\">Henschel Hs 123<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Ground-attack biplane<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">265<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1936&ndash;1944<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">About 265 built. Total production, not a strength figure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/arado-ar-68\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph85\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/arado-ar-68\/\" class=\"was\">Arado Ar 68<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Biplane fighter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">500<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1936&ndash;1940<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">About 500 built. Total production, not a strength figure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/heinkel-he-51\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph86\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/heinkel-he-51\/\" class=\"was\">Heinkel He 51<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Biplane fighter and ground attack<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">700<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1935&ndash;1938<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">About 700 built. Total production, not a strength figure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/albatros-d-iii\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph87\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/albatros-d-iii\/\" class=\"was\">Albatros D.III<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Single-seat fighter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1,866<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1917&ndash;1918<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">1,866 built in Germany, plus Austro-Hungarian Oeffag licence production.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fokker-dr-1-triplane\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph88\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fokker-dr-1-triplane\/\" class=\"was\">Fokker Dr.I Dreidecker<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Single-seat fighter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">320<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1917&ndash;1918<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">320 built in 1917&ndash;18.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fokker-d-vii\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph89\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fokker-d-vii\/\" class=\"was\">Fokker D.VII<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Single-seat fighter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1,700<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1918&ndash;1918<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">About 3,300 were ordered and roughly 1,700 reached the front before the Armistice.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fokker-d-viii\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph90\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fokker-d-viii\/\" class=\"was\">Fokker D.VIII (E.V)<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Single-seat parasol-wing fighter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">285<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1918&ndash;1918<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">381 ordered; about 285 built before the Armistice.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gotha-g-v\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph91\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/gotha-g-v\/\" class=\"was\">Gotha G.IV and G.V<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Heavy bomber<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">205<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1917&ndash;1918<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">About 205 G.V built, following roughly 230 G.IV.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/albatros-d-i-d-ii\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/albatros-d-i-d-ii\/\" class=\"was\">Albatros D.I and D.II<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Single-seat fighter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">325<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1916&ndash;1917<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">About 50 D.I and 275 D.II built from 1916.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"th\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fokker-eindecker\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph92\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fokker-eindecker\/\" class=\"was\">Fokker E.I to E.IV Eindecker<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">Single-seat fighter<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">416<\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">1915&ndash;1916<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"note\">About 416 built between 1915 and 1916.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"bases\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Air bases<\/div>\n<h2>Where the Luftwaffe flies from<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Black pins are active bases, hollow pins the airfields that have closed. <span class=\"imp\">The hollow pins tell the story: a Cold War network of more than forty Fliegerhorste on both sides of the inner-German border has shrunk to ten, and most of what closed after 1990 was the Nationale Volksarmee&rsquo;s.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><span>Click a pin to open the base page<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"basefind\" data-filter=\"#basetbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air bases\" placeholder=\"Search bases, bundesland, units, aircrafts\" aria-label=\"Search bases, bundesland, units, aircrafts\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"basefind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"basefind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"basetbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Runway<\/th>\n<th>Units and aircraft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr id=\"base-berlin-brandenburg\" data-base=\"berlin-brandenburg\" data-x=\"active active Flugbereitschaft des BMVg, Au&#223;enstelle BER\">\n<td>Berlin Brandenburg Airport, military area<span class=\"bcanton\">Brandenburg<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">EDDB<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">06L\/24R<\/span>3,600 m<\/span><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">06R\/24L<\/span>4,000 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">3. Lufttransportstaffel<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Eurocopter AS532U2 Cougar<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-buechel\" data-base=\"buechel\" data-x=\"active active Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 33 \">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/buechel\/\">B&#252;chel<\/a><span class=\"bcanton\">Rheinland-Pfalz<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETSB<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">03\/21<\/span>2,507 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 33<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado IDS<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35A Lightning II<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Fliegende Gruppe TaktLwG 33<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado IDS<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Technische Gruppe TaktLwG 33<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Fliegerhorstgruppe TaktLwG 33<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">702nd Munitions Support Squadron<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-bueckeburg\" data-base=\"bueckeburg\" data-x=\"active active Internationales Hubschrauberausbildungszentrum \">\n<td>B&#252;ckeburg Army<span class=\"bcanton\">Niedersachsen<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETHB<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">08\/26<\/span>1,831 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Internationales Hubschrauberausbildungszentrum<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Airbus Helicopters H135, Eurocopter EC135<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">HSG 64 CH-53 simulator element<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-celle\" data-base=\"celle\" data-x=\"active active Ausbildungs- und &#220;bungszentrum Luftbeweglichkeit ZCN\">\n<td>Celle Army<span class=\"bcanton\">Niedersachsen<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETHC<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">08\/26<\/span>1,831 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Ausbildungs- und &#220;bungszentrum Luftbeweglichkeit<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Air Transport Wing 62<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Nord 2501 Noratlas<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-koeln-wahn\" data-base=\"koeln-wahn\" data-x=\"active active Flugbereitschaft des Bundesministeriums der Verteidigung CGN\">\n<td>Cologne\/Bonn Airport, military side<span class=\"bcanton\">Nordrhein-Westfalen<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">EDDK<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">13L\/31R<\/span>3,815 m<\/span><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">06\/24<\/span>2,459 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete<\/span><\/span><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">13R\/31L<\/span>1,863 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Flugbereitschaft des Bundesministeriums der Verteidigung<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Airbus A350-900, Airbus A321LR, Airbus A321, Airbus A319CJ, Bombardier Global 5000\/6000<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">1. Lufttransportstaffel<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Airbus A321LR, Airbus A319CJ, Bombardier Global 5000\/6000<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">2. Lufttransportstaffel<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Airbus A350-900, Airbus A321<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">DDO\/DtA Multinational MRTT Fleet<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Airbus A330 MRTT<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Luftwaffentruppenkommando<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Continuing Airworthiness Management Organisation der Bundeswehr<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Luftfahrtamt der Bundeswehr<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Zentrum f&#252;r Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin der Luftwaffe<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-diepholz\" data-base=\"diepholz\" data-x=\"active active Waffensystemunterst&#252;tzungszentrum 2 \">\n<td>Diepholz<span class=\"bcanton\">Niedersachsen<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETND<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">08\/26<\/span>1,283 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Waffensystemunterst&#252;tzungszentrum 2<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Abgesetzte Instandhaltungsstaffel HSG 64<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-erndtebrueck\" data-base=\"erndtebrueck\" data-x=\"active active Einsatzf&#252;hrungsbereich 2 \">\n<td>Erndtebr&#252;ck<span class=\"bcanton\">Nordrhein-Westfalen<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\"><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Einsatzf&#252;hrungsbereich 2<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-fassberg\" data-base=\"fassberg\" data-x=\"active active Transporthubschrauberregiment 10 \">\n<td>Fa&#223;berg Army<span class=\"bcanton\">Niedersachsen<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETHS<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">09\/27<\/span>2,440 m<\/span><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">09L\/27R<\/span>1,000 m<span class=\"rsurf\">grass<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Transporthubschrauberregiment 10 &quot;L&#252;neburger Heide&quot;<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">NH90 TTH<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Technisches Ausbildungszentrum der Luftwaffe, Abteilung Nord<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-fritzlar\" data-base=\"fritzlar\" data-x=\"active active Kampfhubschrauberregiment 36 FRZ\">\n<td>Fritzlar Army<span class=\"bcanton\">Hessen<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETHF<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">11\/29<\/span>1,043 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Kampfhubschrauberregiment 36 &quot;Kurhessen&quot;<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Eurocopter Tiger UHT<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-hohn\" data-base=\"hohn\" data-x=\"active active Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 detachment \">\n<td>Hohn<span class=\"bcanton\">Schleswig-Holstein<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETNH<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">08\/26<\/span>2,440 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 detachment<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Air Transport Wing 63<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Transall C-160D<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-holzdorf\" data-base=\"holzdorf\" data-x=\"active active Hubschraubergeschwader 64, Lufttransportgruppe \">\n<td>Holzdorf<span class=\"bcanton\">Sachsen-Anhalt<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETSH<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">09\/27<\/span>2,419 m<span class=\"rsurf\">asphalt and concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Lufttransportgruppe HSG 64<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Sikorsky CH-53GA<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">3. Fliegende Staffel HSG 64<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Sikorsky CH-53GA<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Arrow weapon system battery<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Arrow 3<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Einsatzf&#252;hrungsbereich 3<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">SAR-Kommando Holzdorf<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Airbus Helicopters H145 LUH SAR<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-husum\" data-base=\"husum\" data-x=\"active active Flugabwehrraketengeschwader 1 \">\n<td>Husum-Schwesing<span class=\"bcanton\">Schleswig-Holstein<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">EDXJ<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">14\/32<\/span>800 m<span class=\"rsurf\">grass<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Flugabwehrraketengeschwader 1<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">MIM-104 Patriot<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Flugabwehrraketengruppe 26<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">MIM-104 Patriot<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Ausbildungszentrum FlaRak<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-manching\" data-base=\"manching\" data-x=\"active active Wehrtechnische Dienststelle 61 IGS\">\n<td>Ingolstadt Manching Airport<span class=\"bcanton\">Bayern<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETSI<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">07R\/25L<\/span>2,940 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete and asphalt<\/span><\/span><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">07L\/25R<\/span>2,439 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete and asphalt<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Wehrtechnische Dienststelle 61<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Eurofighter Typhoon, Panavia Tornado, Airbus A400M<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Waffensystemunterst&#252;tzungszentrum 1<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-kalkar-uedem\" data-base=\"kalkar-uedem\" data-x=\"active active Air Component Command \">\n<td>Kalkar and Uedem<span class=\"bcanton\">Nordrhein-Westfalen<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\"><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Air Component Command der Luftwaffe<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">NATO Combined Air Operations Centre Uedem<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Nationales Lage- und F&#252;hrungszentrum f&#252;r Sicherheit im Luftraum<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Weltraumkommando der Bundeswehr<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-laage\" data-base=\"laage\" data-x=\"active active Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 73 &quot;Steinhoff&quot; RLG\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/laage\/\">Laage \/ Rostock-Laage Airport<\/a><span class=\"bcanton\">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETNL<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">10\/28<\/span>2,520 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete and asphalt<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 73 &quot;Steinhoff&quot;<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">1. Staffel TaktLwG 73<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">2. Staffel TaktLwG 73<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 detachment<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Lufthansa Aviation Training initial flight training centre<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Diamond DA40 NG<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Jagdbombenfliegergeschwader 77 &quot;Gebhard Leberecht von Bl&#252;cher&quot;<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-22-fitter\/\">Sukhoi Su-22M4<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Jagdgeschwader 73 MiG-29 element<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\">MiG-29G<\/a>, MiG-29GT<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-laupheim\" data-base=\"laupheim\" data-x=\"active active Hubschraubergeschwader 64 \">\n<td>Laupheim<span class=\"bcanton\">Baden-W&#252;rttemberg<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETHL<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">09\/27<\/span>1,646 m<\/span><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">03\/21<\/span>600 m<span class=\"rsurf\">grass<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Hubschraubergeschwader 64<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Sikorsky CH-53GA\/GS\/GE, Airbus Helicopters H145M<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">1. Fliegende Staffel HSG 64<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Sikorsky CH-53GA\/GS\/GE<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">2. Fliegende Staffel HSG 64<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Sikorsky CH-53GA\/GS\/GE<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">4. Fliegende Staffel HSG 64<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Airbus Helicopters H145M LUH SOF<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Technische Gruppe HSG 64<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-lechfeld\" data-base=\"lechfeld\" data-x=\"active active Flugplatzstaffel Lechfeld, Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 74 \">\n<td>Lechfeld<span class=\"bcanton\">Bayern<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETSL<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">03\/21<\/span>2,678 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Flugplatzstaffel Lechfeld<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Zentrum Elektronischer Kampf Fliegende Waffensysteme<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Jagdbombergeschwader 32<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado ECR<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\">Lockheed F-104G Starfighter<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-geilenkirchen\" data-base=\"geilenkirchen\" data-x=\"active active NATO Airborne Early Warning and Control Force, E-3A Component GKE\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/geilenkirchen\/\">NATO Geilenkirchen<\/a><span class=\"bcanton\">Nordrhein-Westfalen<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETNG<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">09\/27<\/span>3,051 m<span class=\"rsurf\">asphalt, 30 cm thick<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">NATO Airborne Early Warning and Control Force, E-3A Component<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Boeing E-3A Sentry<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Operations Wing<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Boeing E-3A Sentry<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Logistics Wing<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Base Support Wing<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-neuburg\" data-base=\"neuburg\" data-x=\"active active Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 74 \">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/neuburg\/\">Neuburg<\/a><span class=\"bcanton\">Bayern<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETSN<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">09\/27<\/span>2,440 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 74<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">1. Staffel TaktLwG 74<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">2. Staffel TaktLwG 74<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Technische Gruppe TaktLwG 74<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-niederstetten\" data-base=\"niederstetten\" data-x=\"active active Transporthubschrauberregiment 30 \">\n<td>Niederstetten Army<span class=\"bcanton\">Baden-W&#252;rttemberg<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETHN<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">07\/25<\/span>1,012 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Transporthubschrauberregiment 30<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">NH90 TTH<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">SAR-Kommando Niederstetten<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Airbus Helicopters H145 LUH SAR<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-nordholz\" data-base=\"nordholz\" data-x=\"active active Marinefliegerkommando NDZ\">\n<td>Nordholz Naval<span class=\"bcanton\">Niedersachsen<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETMN<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">08\/26<\/span>2,440 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Marinefliegergeschwader 3 &quot;Graf Zeppelin&quot;<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Boeing P-8A Poseidon, Dornier 228-212 LM, Dornier 228NG LM<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">1. Fliegende Staffel MFG 3<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Boeing P-8A Poseidon<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">2. Fliegende Staffel MFG 3<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Boeing P-8A Poseidon, Dornier 228 LM<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Marinefliegergeschwader 5<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Westland Sea Lynx Mk.88A, NH90 NTH Sea Lion<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Fliegende Staffel Mk.88 Sea Lynx<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Westland Sea Lynx Mk.88A<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Fliegende Staffel NTH Sea Lion<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">NH90 NTH Sea Lion<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">P-3C Orion element<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Lockheed P-3C Orion<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-noervenich\" data-base=\"noervenich\" data-x=\"active active Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 31 &quot;Boelcke&quot; \">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/noervenich\/\">N&#246;rvenich<\/a><span class=\"bcanton\">Nordrhein-Westfalen<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETNN<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">06\/24<\/span>2,439 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 31 &quot;Boelcke&quot;<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Fliegende Gruppe TaktLwG 31<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Technische Gruppe TaktLwG 31<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 33 detachment<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado IDS<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-ramstein\" data-base=\"ramstein\" data-x=\"active active United States Air Forces in Europe; NATO Allied Air Command RMS\">\n<td>Ramstein<span class=\"bcanton\">Rheinland-Pfalz<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETAR<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">08\/26<\/span>3,200 m<\/span><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">09\/27<\/span>3,000 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">86th Airlift Wing<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules, Boeing C-40, Learjet C-21<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">NATO Allied Air Command<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">United States Air Forces in Europe &ndash; Air Forces Africa<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-roth\" data-base=\"roth\" data-x=\"active active Offizierschule der Luftwaffe \">\n<td>Roth Army<span class=\"bcanton\">Bayern<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETHR<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">09\/27<\/span>535 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Offizierschule der Luftwaffe<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Luftwaffenausbildungsbataillon<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-jagel\" data-base=\"jagel\" data-x=\"active active Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 &quot;Immelmann&quot; WBG\">\n<td>Schleswig<span class=\"bcanton\">Schleswig-Holstein<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETNS<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">04\/22<\/span>2,439 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete and asphalt<\/span><\/span><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">07\/25<\/span>2,460 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete and asphalt<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 &quot;Immelmann&quot;<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado ECR<\/a>, Panavia Tornado IDS Recce, IAI Heron TP<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Heron TP element<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">IAI Heron TP<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">PEGASUS element<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Bombardier Global 6000 PEGASUS<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-spangdahlem\" data-base=\"spangdahlem\" data-x=\"active active 52nd Fighter Wing, United States Air Force SPM\">\n<td>Spangdahlem<span class=\"bcanton\">Rheinland-Pfalz<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETAD<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">05\/23<\/span>3,060 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">52nd Fighter Wing<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">General Dynamics F-16C\/D Fighting Falcon<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-wiesbaden\" data-base=\"wiesbaden\" data-x=\"active active United States Army Europe and Africa WIE\">\n<td>Wiesbaden Army<span class=\"bcanton\">Hessen<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETOU<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">07\/25<\/span>2,155 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">United States Army Europe and Africa<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-wittmund\" data-base=\"wittmund\" data-x=\"active active Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 &quot;Richthofen&quot; \">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/wittmund\/\">Wittmundhafen<\/a><span class=\"bcanton\">Niedersachsen<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETNT<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">07\/25<\/span>2,440 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 &quot;Richthofen&quot;<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Fliegende Gruppe TaktLwG 71<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Technische Gruppe TaktLwG 71<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Top Aces German detachment<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Douglas A-4N Skyhawk, Dassault-Breguet\/Dornier Alpha Jet<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-wunstorf\" data-base=\"wunstorf\" data-x=\"active active Air Transport Wing 62 \">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/wunstorf\/\">Wunstorf<\/a><span class=\"bcanton\">Niedersachsen<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETNW<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">08\/26<\/span>2,499 m<\/span><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">02\/20<\/span>1,699 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Air Transport Wing 62<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Airbus A400M Atlas<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">1. Fliegende Staffel LTG 62<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Airbus A400M Atlas<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">2. Fliegende Staffel LTG 62<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Airbus A400M Atlas<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">3. Fliegende Staffel LTG 62<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Airbus A400M Atlas<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">4. Fliegende Staffel LTG 62<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Technische Gruppe LTG 62<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-ahlhorn\" data-base=\"ahlhorn\" data-x=\"active closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Ahlhorn<span class=\"bcanton\">Niedersachsen<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETNA<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2021<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">09\/27<\/span>2,101 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Jagdgeschwader 71 &quot;Richthofen&quot;<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\">Canadair CL-13B Sabre Mk.6<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-berlin-tegel\" data-base=\"berlin-tegel\" data-x=\"active closed  TXL\" class=\"was\">\n<td>Berlin-Tegel<span class=\"bcanton\">Berlin<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">EDDT<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2020<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">08R\/26L<\/span>2,428 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Flugbereitschaft des BMVg, Au&#223;enstelle Berlin<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Eurocopter AS532U2 Cougar<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-cottbus-drewitz\" data-base=\"cottbus-drewitz\" data-x=\"active closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Cottbus-Drewitz<span class=\"bcanton\">Brandenburg<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">EDCD<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2020<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">07\/25<\/span>2,484 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Jagdfliegergeschwader 7 &quot;Wilhelm Pieck&quot;<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\">MiG-21<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-landsberg-penzing\" data-base=\"landsberg-penzing\" data-x=\"active closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Landsberg\/Lech<span class=\"bcanton\">Bayern<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETSA<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2020<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">07\/25<\/span>2,066 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Air Transport Wing 61<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Transall C-160D, Nord 2501 Noratlas<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Flugk&#246;rpergeschwader 1<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">MGM-1 Matador, MGM-31 Pershing 1A<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-erding\" data-base=\"erding\" data-x=\"active closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Erding<span class=\"bcanton\">Bayern<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETSE<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2014<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">08\/26<\/span>2,521 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Luftwaffenmaterialdepot und Waffensystemunterst&#252;tzungszentrum<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-leipheim\" data-base=\"leipheim\" data-x=\"active closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Leipheim<span class=\"bcanton\">Bayern<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">EDSD<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2014<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">07\/25<\/span>2,000 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Leichtes Kampfgeschwader 43<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fiat-g91\/\">Fiat G.91R\/3<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-guetersloh\" data-base=\"guetersloh\" data-x=\"active closed  GUT\" class=\"was\">\n<td>G&#252;tersloh<span class=\"bcanton\">Nordrhein-Westfalen<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETUO<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2013<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">09\/27<\/span>2,252 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Royal Air Force G&#252;tersloh<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Hawker Siddeley Harrier, Panavia Tornado<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-jever\" data-base=\"jever\" data-x=\"active closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Jever<span class=\"bcanton\">Niedersachsen<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETNJ<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2013<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">10\/28<\/span>2,480 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Objektschutzregiment der Luftwaffe &quot;Friesland&quot;<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Jagdbombergeschwader 38 &quot;Friesland&quot;<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\">Lockheed F-104G Starfighter<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado IDS<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Royal Air Force Jever<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Gloster Meteor, Hawker Hunter<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-fuerstenfeldbruck\" data-base=\"fuerstenfeldbruck\" data-x=\"active closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>F&#252;rstenfeldbruck<span class=\"bcanton\">Bayern<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETSF<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2010<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">09R\/27L<\/span>2,744 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Offizierschule der Luftwaffe<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Jagdbombergeschwader 49<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fiat-g91\/\">Fiat G.91<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/alpha-jet\/\">Dassault-Breguet\/Dornier Alpha Jet<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-mendig\" data-base=\"mendig\" data-x=\"active closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Mendig<span class=\"bcanton\">Rheinland-Pfalz<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">EDRE<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2007<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">07\/25<\/span>1,615 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Heeresfliegerregiment 35<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Sikorsky CH-53G<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-rheine-bentlage\" data-base=\"rheine-bentlage\" data-x=\"active closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Rheine-Bentlage<span class=\"bcanton\">Nordrhein-Westfalen<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETHE<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2007<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">08\/26<\/span>510 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Heeresfliegerregiment 15<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\">Sikorsky CH-53G, Bell UH-1D<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-hopsten\" data-base=\"hopsten\" data-x=\"active closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Hopsten<span class=\"bcanton\">Nordrhein-Westfalen<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETNP<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2006<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">01\/19<\/span>3,000 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Jagdgeschwader 72 &quot;Westfalen&quot;<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-4-phantom-ii\/\">McDonnell Douglas F-4F Phantom II<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\">Lockheed F-104G Starfighter<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-eggebek\" data-base=\"eggebek\" data-x=\"active closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Eggebek Naval<span class=\"bcanton\">Schleswig-Holstein<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETME<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2005<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">01\/19<\/span>2,400 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Marinefliegergeschwader 2<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado IDS<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\">Lockheed F-104G Starfighter<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-kaufbeuren\" data-base=\"kaufbeuren\" data-x=\"active closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Kaufbeuren<span class=\"bcanton\">Bayern<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\"><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2003<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">02\/20<\/span>1,833 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Technisches Ausbildungszentrum der Luftwaffe, Abteilung S&#252;d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-memmingerberg\" data-base=\"memmingerberg\" data-x=\"active closed  FMM\" class=\"was\">\n<td>Memmingerberg<span class=\"bcanton\">Bayern<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">EDJA<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 2003<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">06\/24<\/span>2,630 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Jagdbombergeschwader 34 &quot;Allg&#228;u&quot;<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado IDS<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\">Lockheed F-104G Starfighter<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-pferdsfeld\" data-base=\"pferdsfeld\" data-x=\"active closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Pferdsfeld<span class=\"bcanton\">Rheinland-Pfalz<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETSP<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1997<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">09\/27<\/span>2,435 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Jagdbombergeschwader 35<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-4-phantom-ii\/\">McDonnell Douglas F-4F Phantom II<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fiat-g91\/\">Fiat G.91<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-berlin-gatow\" data-base=\"berlin-gatow\" data-x=\"active closed Kommando Luftwaffe \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Berlin-Gatow<span class=\"bcanton\">Berlin<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">EDBG<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1994<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">08R\/26L<\/span>1,842 m<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li><span class=\"un\">Kommando Luftwaffe<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"un\">Milit&#228;rhistorisches Museum Flugplatz Berlin-Gatow<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Royal Air Force Gatow<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-bremgarten\" data-base=\"bremgarten\" data-x=\"active closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Bremgarten<span class=\"bcanton\">Baden-W&#252;rttemberg<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">EDTG<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1994<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">05\/23<\/span>1,650 m<\/span><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">05\/23<\/span>600 m<span class=\"rsurf\">grass<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Aufkl&#228;rungsgeschwader 51 &quot;Immelmann&quot;<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-4-phantom-ii\/\">McDonnell Douglas RF-4E Phantom II<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-oldenburg\" data-base=\"oldenburg\" data-x=\"active closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Oldenburg<span class=\"bcanton\">Niedersachsen<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETNO<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1994<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\">&mdash;<\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Waffenschule der Luftwaffe 10<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\">Canadair Sabre<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\">Lockheed F-104F Starfighter<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-preschen\" data-base=\"preschen\" data-x=\"active closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Preschen<span class=\"bcanton\">Brandenburg<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">ETNR<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1994<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">07\/25<\/span>2,500 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Jagdfliegergeschwader 3 &quot;Wladimir Komarow&quot;<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\">MiG-21<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-leck\" data-base=\"leck\" data-x=\"active closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Leck<span class=\"bcanton\">Schleswig-Holstein<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">EDXK<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1993<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">12\/30<\/span>820 m<span class=\"rsurf\">grass<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Aufkl&#228;rungsgeschwader 52<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-4-phantom-ii\/\">McDonnell Douglas RF-4E Phantom II<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-neuhardenberg\" data-base=\"neuhardenberg\" data-x=\"active closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Neuhardenberg<small>Marxwalde<\/small><span class=\"bcanton\">Brandenburg<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">EDON<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1990<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">08\/26<\/span>2,400 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Jagdfliegergeschwader 8 &quot;Hermann Matern&quot;<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\">MiG-21<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-peenemuende\" data-base=\"peenemuende\" data-x=\"active closed  \" class=\"was\">\n<td>Peenem&#252;nde<span class=\"bcanton\">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"num\">EDCP<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed 1990<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"rwyc\"><span class=\"rwy\"><span class=\"rdes\">13\/31<\/span>2,400 m<span class=\"rsurf\">concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"sub\">\n<ul class=\"ul\">\n<li class=\"was\"><span class=\"un\">Jagdfliegergeschwader 9 &quot;Heinrich Rau&quot;<\/span>: <span class=\"ac\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\">MiG-23ML<\/a>, MiG-21<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"basefind\">No air base matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"oob\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Order of battle<\/div>\n<h2>Who is stationed where in the German Air Force<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Flying units by base, with the wing each belongs to. <span class=\"imp\">German wings are Geschwader and their numbers are deliberate: 31 carries Boelcke, 71 carries Richthofen, 73 carries Steinhoff, and each of those names was granted by a formal decision that the service has had to defend in public.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"unitfind\" data-filter=\"#oobwrap\" data-item=\".oob\" data-noun=\"installations\" placeholder=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" aria-label=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"unitfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"unitfind\"><\/span><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-toggleall=\"#oobwrap\">Expand all<\/button><\/div>\n<div class=\"oobwrap coll\" id=\"oobwrap\">\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Rheinland-Pfalz active Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 33\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/buechel\/\">B&#252;chel Air Base<\/a> &middot; ETSB<\/span><em>Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 33<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 33<small>Tactical air force wing &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado IDS<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35A Lightning II<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Fliegende Gruppe TaktLwG 33<small>Flying group &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado IDS<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Technische Gruppe TaktLwG 33<small>Technical group &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Fliegerhorstgruppe TaktLwG 33<small>Airfield group &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>702nd Munitions Support Squadron<small>United States Air Force munitions squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Niedersachsen active Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 &quot;Richthofen&quot;\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/wittmund\/\">Wittmundhafen Air Base<\/a> &middot; ETNT<\/span><em>Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 &quot;Richthofen&quot;<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 &quot;Richthofen&quot;<small>Richthofen &middot; Tactical air force wing &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Fliegende Gruppe TaktLwG 71<small>Flying group &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Technische Gruppe TaktLwG 71<small>Technical group &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Top Aces German detachment<small>Contracted adversary air training &middot; contract<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Douglas A-4N Skyhawk, Dassault-Breguet\/Dornier Alpha Jet<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Bayern active Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 74\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/neuburg\/\">Neuburg Air Base<\/a> &middot; ETSN<\/span><em>Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 74<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 74<small>Tactical air force wing &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>1. Staffel TaktLwG 74<small>Fighter squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>2. Staffel TaktLwG 74<small>Fighter squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Technische Gruppe TaktLwG 74<small>Technical group &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Nordrhein-Westfalen active Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 31 &quot;Boelcke&quot;\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/noervenich\/\">N&#246;rvenich Air Base<\/a> &middot; ETNN<\/span><em>Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 31 &quot;Boelcke&quot;<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 31 &quot;Boelcke&quot;<small>Zirkus Boelcke &middot; Tactical air force wing &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Fliegende Gruppe TaktLwG 31<small>Flying group &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Technische Gruppe TaktLwG 31<small>Technical group &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 33 detachment<small>2022&ndash;2026<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Panavia Tornado IDS<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Mecklenburg-Vorpommern active Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 73 &quot;Steinhoff&quot;\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/laage\/\">Laage Air Base \/ Rostock-Laage Airport<\/a> &middot; ETNL<\/span><em>Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 73 &quot;Steinhoff&quot;<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 73 &quot;Steinhoff&quot;<small>Steinhoff &middot; Tactical air force wing and Eurofighter training wing &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>1. Staffel TaktLwG 73<small>Fighter squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>2. Staffel TaktLwG 73<small>Eurofighter conversion squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 detachment<small>Detached fighter wing &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoon<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Lufthansa Aviation Training initial flight training centre<small>Contracted elementary flying training &middot; contract<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Diamond DA40 NG<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Jagdbombenfliegergeschwader 77 &quot;Gebhard Leberecht von Bl&#252;cher&quot;<small>1984&ndash;1990<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Sukhoi Su-22M4<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Jagdgeschwader 73 MiG-29 element<small>1991&ndash;2004<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">MiG-29G, MiG-29GT<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Niedersachsen active Air Transport Wing 62\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/wunstorf\/\">Wunstorf Air Base<\/a> &middot; ETNW<\/span><em>Air Transport Wing 62<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Air Transport Wing 62 <span class=\"de\">(Lufttransportgeschwader 62)<\/span><small>Air transport wing &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus A400M Atlas<\/dd>\n<dt>1. Fliegende Staffel LTG 62<small>Logistic airlift and tanking squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus A400M Atlas<\/dd>\n<dt>2. Fliegende Staffel LTG 62<small>Tactical airlift squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus A400M Atlas<\/dd>\n<dt>3. Fliegende Staffel LTG 62<small>Special operations airlift squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus A400M Atlas<\/dd>\n<dt>4. Fliegende Staffel LTG 62<small>Elementary flying training squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Technische Gruppe LTG 62<small>Technical group &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Nordrhein-Westfalen active NATO Airborne Early Warning and Control Force, E-3A Component\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/geilenkirchen\/\">NATO Air Base Geilenkirchen<\/a> &middot; ETNG<\/span><em>NATO Airborne Early Warning and Control Force, E-3A Component<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>NATO Airborne Early Warning and Control Force, E-3A Component<small>Multinational airborne early warning wing &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Boeing E-3A Sentry<\/dd>\n<dt>Operations Wing<small>Operations wing &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Boeing E-3A Sentry<\/dd>\n<dt>Logistics Wing<small>Logistics wing &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Base Support Wing<small>Base support wing &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Niedersachsen active Marinefliegerkommando\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Nordholz Naval &middot; ETMN<\/span><em>Marinefliegerkommando<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Marinefliegergeschwader 3 &quot;Graf Zeppelin&quot;<small>Graf Zeppelin &middot; Naval maritime patrol wing &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Boeing P-8A Poseidon, Dornier 228-212 LM, Dornier 228NG LM<\/dd>\n<dt>1. Fliegende Staffel MFG 3<small>Maritime patrol squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Boeing P-8A Poseidon<\/dd>\n<dt>2. Fliegende Staffel MFG 3<small>Maritime patrol squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Boeing P-8A Poseidon, Dornier 228 LM<\/dd>\n<dt>Marinefliegergeschwader 5<small>Naval helicopter wing &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Westland Sea Lynx Mk.88A, NH90 NTH Sea Lion<\/dd>\n<dt>Fliegende Staffel Mk.88 Sea Lynx<small>Shipborne helicopter squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Westland Sea Lynx Mk.88A<\/dd>\n<dt>Fliegende Staffel NTH Sea Lion<small>Search and rescue and utility squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>NH90 NTH Sea Lion<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">P-3C Orion element<small>2006&ndash;2025<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Lockheed P-3C Orion<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Schleswig-Holstein active Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 &quot;Immelmann&quot;\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Schleswig &middot; ETNS<\/span><em>Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 &quot;Immelmann&quot;<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 &quot;Immelmann&quot;<small>Immelmann &middot; Tactical air force wing &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado ECR<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt>Heron TP element<small>Unmanned reconnaissance element &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>IAI Heron TP<\/dd>\n<dt>PEGASUS element<small>Signals intelligence unit &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Bombardier Global 6000 PEGASUS<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Sachsen-Anhalt active Hubschraubergeschwader 64, Lufttransportgruppe\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Holzdorf &middot; ETSH<\/span><em>Hubschraubergeschwader 64, Lufttransportgruppe<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Lufttransportgruppe HSG 64<small>Air transport group &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Sikorsky CH-53GA<\/dd>\n<dt>3. Fliegende Staffel HSG 64<small>Medium transport helicopter squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Sikorsky CH-53GA<\/dd>\n<dt>Arrow weapon system battery<small>Ballistic missile defence battery &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Arrow 3<\/dd>\n<dt>Einsatzf&#252;hrungsbereich 3<small>Control and reporting centre &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>SAR-Kommando Holzdorf<small>Search and rescue detachment &middot; army<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus Helicopters H145 LUH SAR<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Baden-W&#252;rttemberg active Hubschraubergeschwader 64\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Laupheim &middot; ETHL<\/span><em>Hubschraubergeschwader 64<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Hubschraubergeschwader 64<small>Helicopter wing &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Sikorsky CH-53GA\/GS\/GE, Airbus Helicopters H145M<\/dd>\n<dt>1. Fliegende Staffel HSG 64<small>Medium transport helicopter squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Sikorsky CH-53GA\/GS\/GE<\/dd>\n<dt>2. Fliegende Staffel HSG 64<small>Medium transport helicopter squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Sikorsky CH-53GA\/GS\/GE<\/dd>\n<dt>4. Fliegende Staffel HSG 64<small>Special operations helicopter squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus Helicopters H145M LUH SOF<\/dd>\n<dt>Technische Gruppe HSG 64<small>Technical group &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Nordrhein-Westfalen active Flugbereitschaft des Bundesministeriums der Verteidigung\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Cologne\/Bonn Airport, military side &middot; EDDK<\/span><em>Flugbereitschaft des Bundesministeriums der Verteidigung<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Flugbereitschaft des Bundesministeriums der Verteidigung<small>Ministerial and government transport wing &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus A350-900, Airbus A321LR, Airbus A321, Airbus A319CJ, Bombardier Global 5000\/6000<\/dd>\n<dt>1. Lufttransportstaffel<small>Air transport squadron (grey fleet) &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus A321LR, Airbus A319CJ, Bombardier Global 5000\/6000<\/dd>\n<dt>2. Lufttransportstaffel<small>Air transport squadron (white fleet) &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus A350-900, Airbus A321<\/dd>\n<dt>DDO\/DtA Multinational MRTT Fleet<small>German detachment, Multinational Multirole Tanker Transport Unit &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus A330 MRTT<\/dd>\n<dt>Luftwaffentruppenkommando<small>Air force forces command &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Continuing Airworthiness Management Organisation der Bundeswehr<small>Airworthiness management organisation &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Luftfahrtamt der Bundeswehr<small>Military aviation authority &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Zentrum f&#252;r Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin der Luftwaffe<small>Aerospace medicine centre &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Brandenburg active Flugbereitschaft des BMVg, Au&#223;enstelle\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Berlin Brandenburg Airport, military area &middot; EDDB<\/span><em>Flugbereitschaft des BMVg, Au&#223;enstelle<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>3. Lufttransportstaffel<small>Government helicopter squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Eurocopter AS532U2 Cougar<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Schleswig-Holstein active Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 detachment\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Hohn &middot; ETNH<\/span><em>Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 detachment<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 51 detachment<small>Detached airfield element &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Air Transport Wing 63<small>1961&ndash;2021<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Transall C-160D<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Bayern active Flugplatzstaffel Lechfeld, Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 74\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Lechfeld &middot; ETSL<\/span><em>Flugplatzstaffel Lechfeld, Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 74<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Flugplatzstaffel Lechfeld<small>Airfield squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Zentrum Elektronischer Kampf Fliegende Waffensysteme<small>Airborne electronic warfare centre &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Jagdbombergeschwader 32<small>1958&ndash;2013<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Panavia Tornado ECR, Lockheed F-104G Starfighter<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Bayern active Wehrtechnische Dienststelle 61\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Ingolstadt Manching Airport &middot; ETSI<\/span><em>Wehrtechnische Dienststelle 61<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Wehrtechnische Dienststelle 61<small>Flight test centre &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Eurofighter Typhoon, Panavia Tornado, Airbus A400M<\/dd>\n<dt>Waffensystemunterst&#252;tzungszentrum 1<small>Weapon system support centre &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Niedersachsen active Waffensystemunterst&#252;tzungszentrum 2\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Diepholz &middot; ETND<\/span><em>Waffensystemunterst&#252;tzungszentrum 2<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Waffensystemunterst&#252;tzungszentrum 2<small>Weapon system support centre &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Abgesetzte Instandhaltungsstaffel HSG 64<small>Detached maintenance squadron &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Schleswig-Holstein active Flugabwehrraketengeschwader 1\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Husum-Schwesing &middot; EDXJ<\/span><em>Flugabwehrraketengeschwader 1<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Flugabwehrraketengeschwader 1<small>Air defence missile wing &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>MIM-104 Patriot<\/dd>\n<dt>Flugabwehrraketengruppe 26<small>Patriot group &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>MIM-104 Patriot<\/dd>\n<dt>Ausbildungszentrum FlaRak<small>Air defence training centre &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Nordrhein-Westfalen active Air Component Command\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Kalkar and Uedem &middot; <\/span><em>Air Component Command<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Air Component Command der Luftwaffe<small>Air operations command &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>NATO Combined Air Operations Centre Uedem<small>NATO air operations centre &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Nationales Lage- und F&#252;hrungszentrum f&#252;r Sicherheit im Luftraum<small>National air security centre &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Weltraumkommando der Bundeswehr<small>Space command &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Nordrhein-Westfalen active Einsatzf&#252;hrungsbereich 2\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Erndtebr&#252;ck &middot; <\/span><em>Einsatzf&#252;hrungsbereich 2<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Einsatzf&#252;hrungsbereich 2<small>Control and reporting centre &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Niedersachsen active Transporthubschrauberregiment 10\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Fa&#223;berg Army &middot; ETHS<\/span><em>Transporthubschrauberregiment 10<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Transporthubschrauberregiment 10 &quot;L&#252;neburger Heide&quot;<small>Army transport helicopter regiment &middot; army<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>NH90 TTH<\/dd>\n<dt>Technisches Ausbildungszentrum der Luftwaffe, Abteilung Nord<small>Air force technical training centre &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Bayern active Offizierschule der Luftwaffe\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Roth Army &middot; ETHR<\/span><em>Offizierschule der Luftwaffe<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Offizierschule der Luftwaffe<small>Officer school &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>Luftwaffenausbildungsbataillon<small>Basic training battalion &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Baden-W&#252;rttemberg active Transporthubschrauberregiment 30\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Niederstetten Army &middot; ETHN<\/span><em>Transporthubschrauberregiment 30<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Transporthubschrauberregiment 30<small>Army transport helicopter regiment &middot; army<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>NH90 TTH<\/dd>\n<dt>SAR-Kommando Niederstetten<small>Search and rescue detachment &middot; army<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus Helicopters H145 LUH SAR<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Niedersachsen active Internationales Hubschrauberausbildungszentrum\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>B&#252;ckeburg Army &middot; ETHB<\/span><em>Internationales Hubschrauberausbildungszentrum<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Internationales Hubschrauberausbildungszentrum<small>International helicopter training centre &middot; joint<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Airbus Helicopters H135, Eurocopter EC135<\/dd>\n<dt>HSG 64 CH-53 simulator element<small>Simulator detachment &middot; regular<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Niedersachsen active Ausbildungs- und &#220;bungszentrum Luftbeweglichkeit\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Celle Army &middot; ETHC<\/span><em>Ausbildungs- und &#220;bungszentrum Luftbeweglichkeit<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Ausbildungs- und &#220;bungszentrum Luftbeweglichkeit<small>Air mobility training and exercise centre &middot; army<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Air Transport Wing 62<small>1959&ndash;1963<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">Nord 2501 Noratlas<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Hessen active Kampfhubschrauberregiment 36\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Fritzlar Army &middot; ETHF<\/span><em>Kampfhubschrauberregiment 36<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Kampfhubschrauberregiment 36 &quot;Kurhessen&quot;<small>Army attack helicopter regiment &middot; army<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Eurocopter Tiger UHT<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Rheinland-Pfalz active United States Air Forces in Europe; NATO Allied Air Command\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Ramstein &middot; ETAR<\/span><em>United States Air Forces in Europe; NATO Allied Air Command<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>86th Airlift Wing<small>United States Air Force airlift wing &middot; usaf<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules, Boeing C-40, Learjet C-21<\/dd>\n<dt>NATO Allied Air Command<small>NATO air command &middot; nato<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<dt>United States Air Forces in Europe &ndash; Air Forces Africa<small>United States numbered air force headquarters &middot; usaf<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Rheinland-Pfalz active 52nd Fighter Wing, United States Air Force\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Spangdahlem &middot; ETAD<\/span><em>52nd Fighter Wing, United States Air Force<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>52nd Fighter Wing<small>United States Air Force fighter wing &middot; usaf<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>General Dynamics F-16C\/D Fighting Falcon<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Hessen active United States Army Europe and Africa\">\n<div class=\"oob-base\"><span>Wiesbaden Army &middot; ETOU<\/span><em>United States Army Europe and Africa<\/em><i class=\"ocx\"><\/i><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>United States Army Europe and Africa<small>United States Army headquarters &middot; usarmy<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"unitfind\">No unit matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>German Air Force milestones, 1914 to today<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1910<\/div>\n<p>The Prussian and Bavarian armies form their first flying units inside the engineer branch. On 8 October 1916 they are reorganised as the Luftstreitkr&#228;fte under a Kommandierender General, Ernst von Hoeppner &mdash; the first unified air command of any major power, though still part of the army.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1917<\/div>\n<p>25 May: Gotha bombers attack Folkestone, opening the first sustained strategic bombing campaign against a civilian population. Gotha and Riesenflugzeug raids on Britain kill 857 people, part of a wider air campaign that kills 1,414 including the Zeppelins, force the creation of a layered British air defence system, and lead directly to the formation of the Royal Air Force as an independent service on 1 April 1918.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1920<\/div>\n<p>The Treaty of Versailles abolishes German military aviation. Training continues in secret, notably at Lipetsk in the Soviet Union from 1925 under a Reichswehr agreement, and in glider clubs and the airline Lufthansa at home.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1935<\/div>\n<p>1 March: Hermann G&#246;ring announces the existence of the Luftwaffe, in open breach of Versailles. From 1936 the Legion Condor fights in Spain; its bombing of Guernica on 26 April 1937 kills between 150 and 1,650 people &mdash; the figure is still contested &mdash; and becomes the twentieth century&rsquo;s image of air power against civilians.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1940<\/div>\n<p>From July to October the Luftwaffe fails to win air superiority over southern England, the first defeat of a German force in the war and the first strategic air campaign to be lost. From 1943 it is destroyed in the defence of the Reich; its jets arrive in 1944, too late and in too small numbers, built in part with concentration camp labour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1956<\/div>\n<p>9 January: the Luftwaffe of the Bundeswehr is founded, eleven years after the dissolution of the Wehrmacht, as a new service and not as a continuation of the old one. It is a NATO air force from the first day: American aircraft, American doctrine, and pilots trained in the United States.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1960<\/div>\n<p>Germany begins taking delivery of the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter, eventually operating 916 of them &mdash; more than any other air force. 292 are lost and 116 pilots killed, 108 of them German and eight American. The press names it der Witwenmacher. Inspekteur Werner Panitzki resigns in 1966 and Johannes Steinhoff grounds the fleet and rebuilds the training system.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1969<\/div>\n<p>The Luftwaffe takes the Pershing 1A into service, eventually holding 72 launchers in two Flugk&#246;rpergeschwader with German crews and American warheads. It becomes the centre of the 1979 NATO Double-Track Decision and the mass protests of the early 1980s, and is given up after the 1987 INF Treaty &mdash; not by the treaty itself, which covered only American and Soviet missiles, but by Chancellor Kohl&rsquo;s unilateral undertaking of August 1987; the missiles were destroyed in 1991.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1980<\/div>\n<p>The Panavia Tornado enters German service, built at Manching and shared with Britain and Italy. It gives the Luftwaffe an all-weather low-level strike aircraft for the first time, and from 1985 Jagdbombergeschwader 33 at B&#252;chel takes the German nuclear-sharing role with it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1990<\/div>\n<p>3 October: the Luftwaffe absorbs the Nationale Volksarmee&rsquo;s Luftstreitkr&#228;fte, roughly 700 aircraft and about 20,800 soldiers, with some 8,000 civilian staff. Almost everything is scrapped or sold, but 24 MiG-29s are kept, modernised as the MiG-29G and flown from Laage in German markings &mdash; the most valuable intelligence windfall NATO received that year.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1995<\/div>\n<p>Tornado ECRs of Jagdbombergeschwader 32 fly reconnaissance and defence-suppression sorties over Bosnia, the first German combat missions since 1945. In 1999 German aircraft take part in Operation Allied Force against Serbia, in the first war the Federal Republic has fought.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2013<\/div>\n<p>13 May: the Euro Hawk programme is cancelled after roughly &#8364;700 million, because the aircraft cannot be certified to fly in European airspace. It becomes the standing example of German procurement failure, and triggers a Bundestag inquiry. Two attempts to replace it follow; the third, PEGASUS, is due in 2027.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2018<\/div>\n<p>The Traditionserlass of 28 March 2018 restates in writing what the Bundeswehr may take as tradition. The Wehrmacht as an institution is excluded; individual acts of courage and professional achievement may be honoured case by case, which is the basis on which the Boelcke, Richthofen and Steinhoff names are retained and defended.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2022<\/div>\n<p>27 February: three days after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Chancellor Olaf Scholz announces the Zeitenwende and a &#8364;100 billion Sonderverm&#246;gen. Within the year it buys 35 F-35As for the nuclear role, and it goes on to fund 60 CH-47F Chinooks, IRIS-T SLM, Arrow 3, 20 more Eurofighters and the Eurofighter EK.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>17 April: the 53rd and last A400M lands at Wunstorf. 3 December 2025: the first Arrow 3 battery goes live at Holzdorf. June 2026: B&#252;chel flies again after its rebuild, and Germany and France end the FCAS fighter programme. 18 September 2026: the first German F-35A is handed over in Texas.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"news\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">From the magazine<\/div>\n<h2>German Air Force news from Afterburner<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Everything MiGFlug&rsquo;s magazine has published on the German Air Force and the aircraft it flies. <span class=\"imp\">This list refreshes itself &mdash; new Afterburner stories appear here automatically.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ngrid\" id=\"newsgrid\" data-cats=\"664,670,666\" data-term=\"germany\" data-match=\"luftwaffe|german air force|germany|bundeswehr|eurofighter|typhoon.*german|tornado|starfighter|f-35a|patriot|iris-t|messerschmitt|junkers|heinkel|focke-wulf|dornier|fokker|b(u|ue|&#252;)chel|wittmund|neuburg|n(o|oe|&#246;)rvenich|laage|wunstorf|geilenkirchen|ramstein|spangdahlem|me 262|bf 109|fw 190|ju 87|ju 52|he 111|transall|alpha jet|a400m\" data-reject=\"Lufthansa|Condor Air|Eurowings|Germanwings|Discover Airlines|German Airways|Ryanair|ITA Airways\"><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/silver-wotan-2026-gotland-germany-sweden-nato-exercise\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph93\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-09-20\">20 September 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Silver Wotan: Germany and Sweden Rehearse the Fight for Gotland<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">Gotland is a long, low slab of limestone sitting almost exactly in the middle of the Baltic Sea. It has a few tens of thousands of residents, a walled medieval town at Visby, and a&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/germany-first-f-35a-rollout-handover-fort-worth-2026\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph94\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-09-19\">19 September 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Germany&#8217;s First F-35A Handed Over at Fort Worth<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">Lockheed Martin rolled out 35+01 and formally presented it to the German government. The first eight aircraft stay in Arkansas; Germany gets its own in late 2027.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/1961-f-84f-thunderstreak-incident-tegel-bier-order-61\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph95\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-09-18\">18 September 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Bier-Order 61: Two Luftwaffe Jets Lost Over East Germany<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">In September 1961 two Luftwaffe F-84Fs strayed over East Germany, outran Soviet fighters in cloud and landed in Berlin. The French buried them. The Defence Minister issued an order&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/germany-first-f-35a-35-01-maiden-flight-2026\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph96\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-09-10\">10 September 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Germany&#8217;s First F-35A: 35+01 Flies at Fort Worth<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">Germany&#8217;s first F-35A flew from Fort Worth on 8 September, ten days before its own rollout ceremony. The jet that inherits the Tornado&#8217;s nuclear mission.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/swiss-patriot-deal-germany-collapses-costs-2026\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph97\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-09-04\">4 September 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Swiss Patriot Deal With Germany Collapses, Costs Could Triple<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">Armasuisse confirms the German bridging option is dead. Switzerland now faces CHF 1.7 to 4.3 billion in extra costs and no Patriot fire unit before 2032.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"ncard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/cobra-600-airlas-diehl-polaris-iris-t-drone-first-flight-2026\/\"><span class=\"ncim ph98\"><\/span><span class=\"ncbody\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-25\">25 August 2026<\/time><span class=\"nct\">Cobra 600 First Flight: Germany&#8217;s IRIS-T Missile Drone Takes Off<\/span><span class=\"ncx\">Diehl Defence and Polaris flew the Cobra 600 for the first time on 22 August. It carries one IRIS-T missile 250 miles and lets a ground radar take the shot.<\/span><span class=\"ncgo\">Read the story<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"nmore\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/afterburner\/\">All stories in Afterburner<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about the German Air Force<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What aircraft does the German Air Force fly?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The combat fleet is 141 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\">Eurofighter Typhoons<\/a>, 68 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\">Panavia Tornado<\/a> strike and reconnaissance aircraft, 21 Tornado ECRs for defence suppression, and the first <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\">F-35A Lightning II<\/a>, handed over on 18 September 2026. Behind them sit 53 A400M Atlas transports at Wunstorf, six C-130J and KC-130J Hercules in a joint squadron with France at &#201;vreux, 66 CH-53 helicopters, the government transport fleet of A350s, A321s, A319s and Global business jets at K&#246;ln-Wahn, and five leased Heron TP drones. The Luftwaffe also owns Germany&rsquo;s entire ground-based air defence: Patriot, IRIS-T SLM and Arrow 3.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is today&rsquo;s Luftwaffe the same as Hitler&rsquo;s Luftwaffe?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No, and the Bundeswehr is explicit about it. The Luftwaffe of the Third Reich was announced in March 1935 and dissolved with the Wehrmacht in 1945. The Bundeswehr&rsquo;s Luftwaffe was founded separately on 9 January 1956 as a service of a democratic state, bound by the constitution and by the doctrine of Innere F&#252;hrung. The name is the ordinary German word for an air force and was not thought to be avoidable. The Traditionserlasse of 1982 and 2018 set out in writing what the Bundeswehr may take as tradition: the Wehrmacht as an institution is excluded, while individual professional achievement may be honoured case by case.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why do German wings carry the names Richthofen, Boelcke and Steinhoff?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Because the Bundeswehr decided, and has had to defend the decision repeatedly. Manfred von Richthofen and Oswald Boelcke belong to the First World War and to the professional history of military aviation: Boelcke wrote the first set of air combat rules, the Dicta Boelcke, which are still taught. Johannes Steinhoff is the harder case &mdash; a Wehrmacht fighter pilot burned almost beyond recognition in 1945, who then spent two years in reconstruction, helped build the Bundeswehr&rsquo;s Luftwaffe, became its Inspekteur in the middle of the Starfighter crisis and then chaired the NATO Military Committee. The wings that carry these names are Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 at Wittmundhafen, 31 at N&#246;rvenich and 73 at Laage.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does Germany have nuclear weapons?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Germany does not own nuclear weapons and is a party to the Non-Proliferation Treaty as a non-nuclear-weapon state. It takes part in NATO nuclear sharing: American B61 bombs are understood to be held at <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/buechel\/\">B&#252;chel<\/a> under United States custody, to be delivered in war by German aircraft of Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 33. Berlin and Washington neither confirm nor deny the presence of the weapons, but the United States Air Force 702nd Munitions Support Squadron is openly stationed at B&#252;chel, and the wing&rsquo;s nuclear mission is not denied. The vaults can hold up to 44 weapons; the Federation of American Scientists estimates about 20. The role passes from the Tornado to the F-35A.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why did so many German Starfighters crash?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Because Germany bought 916 of them &mdash; more than any other operator &mdash; and used an aircraft designed as a clear-weather high-altitude interceptor for all-weather low-level strike over northern Europe, with a nuclear role, while converting crews straight off subsonic types in a service expanding faster than it could train. 292 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\">F-104s<\/a> were lost &mdash; German sources also give 269 &mdash; and 116 pilots killed, 108 of them German and eight American, a loss rate of about a third of the fleet over thirty years. The press called it der Witwenmacher. Inspekteur der Luftwaffe Werner Panitzki resigned over it in 1966; his successor Johannes Steinhoff grounded the fleet and rebuilt the training system, and the accident rate fell. The later Lockheed bribery investigations showed the company had paid large commissions in several countries, but the German parliamentary inquiry could not establish that the German purchase decision had been bought.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to the East German air force?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Nationale Volksarmee&rsquo;s Luftstreitkr&#228;fte were absorbed by the Bundeswehr on 3 October 1990: about 700 aircraft and about 20,800 soldiers, with some 8,000 civilian staff. Almost all of the equipment went &mdash; 251 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\">MiG-21s<\/a>, 65 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\">MiG-23s<\/a>, 54 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-22-fitter\/\">Su-22s<\/a> and 52 <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/l-39-albatros\/\">L-39 Albatros<\/a> trainers were scrapped, sold or given to museums. Twenty-four <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\">MiG-29s<\/a> were kept, brought up to Western standards as the MiG-29G, and flown in Luftwaffe markings from Laage until 2004, when 22 were sold to Poland for a symbolic price. Only a small proportion of NVA officers were taken on, and almost none above a certain rank.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is the Luftwaffe actually ready to fight?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">That is the German argument, and it is not settled. Through the 2010s the annual reports of the Wehrbeauftragte des Deutschen Bundestages &mdash; the parliamentary commissioner, who is entitled to be blunt in a way no ministry is &mdash; documented a service that could not keep enough aircraft flying. Bundestag answers in 2017 and 2018 put the number of Eurofighters ready for operations in single figures at points in the year against a fleet of more than 120; the ministry argued that the figure counted full weapons-system availability rather than flyable aircraft, and both were true, which is why the argument never resolved. The Zeitenwende bought aircraft, munitions and air defence at speed after February 2022. Whether it has produced a force that could sustain a European war is a question the Bundeswehr&rsquo;s own reporting still does not answer with a yes.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Can you visit a German air base, or see a Luftwaffe aircraft?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Not by turning up. German Fliegerhorste are closed installations and Germany has no air force aerobatic team and very few public air days; large open days have become rare since 1988, when three Italian Frecce Tricolori aircraft collided at the Ramstein Flugtag and one crashed into the crowd, killing seventy people. What you can see is the Milit&#228;rhistorisches Museum Flugplatz Berlin-Gatow, the German air force museum on the old RAF Gatow airfield, with more than two hundred aircraft including one of the Luftwaffe&rsquo;s MiG-29s; the Aeronauticum at Nordholz; and the Deutsches Museum Flugwerft Schlei&#223;heim. And you can fly the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/l-39-albatros\/\">L-39 Albatros<\/a>, the Czech jet trainer on which every Nationale Volksarmee pilot learned, with MiGFlug.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What aircraft does the German Air Force fly?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The combat fleet is 141 Eurofighter Typhoons, 68 Panavia Tornado strike and reconnaissance aircraft, 21 Tornado ECRs for defence suppression, and the first F-35A Lightning II, handed over on 18 September 2026. Behind them sit 53 A400M Atlas transports at Wunstorf, six C-130J and KC-130J Hercules in a joint squadron with France at \\u00c9vreux, 66 CH-53 helicopters, the government transport fleet of A350s, A321s, A319s and Global business jets at K\\u00f6ln-Wahn, and five leased Heron TP drones. The Luftwaffe also owns Germany\\u2019s entire ground-based air defence: Patriot, IRIS-T SLM and Arrow 3.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is today\\u2019s Luftwaffe the same as Hitler\\u2019s Luftwaffe?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No, and the Bundeswehr is explicit about it. The Luftwaffe of the Third Reich was announced in March 1935 and dissolved with the Wehrmacht in 1945. The Bundeswehr\\u2019s Luftwaffe was founded separately on 9 January 1956 as a service of a democratic state, bound by the constitution and by the doctrine of Innere F\\u00fchrung. The name is the ordinary German word for an air force and was not thought to be avoidable. The Traditionserlasse of 1982 and 2018 set out in writing what the Bundeswehr may take as tradition: the Wehrmacht as an institution is excluded, while individual professional achievement may be honoured case by case.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why do German wings carry the names Richthofen, Boelcke and Steinhoff?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Because the Bundeswehr decided, and has had to defend the decision repeatedly. Manfred von Richthofen and Oswald Boelcke belong to the First World War and to the professional history of military aviation: Boelcke wrote the first set of air combat rules, the Dicta Boelcke, which are still taught. Johannes Steinhoff is the harder case \\u2014 a Wehrmacht fighter pilot burned almost beyond recognition in 1945, who then spent two years in reconstruction, helped build the Bundeswehr\\u2019s Luftwaffe, became its Inspekteur in the middle of the Starfighter crisis and then chaired the NATO Military Committee. The wings that carry these names are Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 71 at Wittmundhafen, 31 at N\\u00f6rvenich and 73 at Laage.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does Germany have nuclear weapons?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Germany does not own nuclear weapons and is a party to the Non-Proliferation Treaty as a non-nuclear-weapon state. It takes part in NATO nuclear sharing: American B61 bombs are understood to be held at B\\u00fcchel under United States custody, to be delivered in war by German aircraft of Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 33. Berlin and Washington neither confirm nor deny the presence of the weapons, but the United States Air Force 702nd Munitions Support Squadron is openly stationed at B\\u00fcchel, and the wing\\u2019s nuclear mission is not denied. The vaults can hold up to 44 weapons; the Federation of American Scientists estimates about 20. The role passes from the Tornado to the F-35A.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why did so many German Starfighters crash?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Because Germany bought 916 of them \\u2014 more than any other operator \\u2014 and used an aircraft designed as a clear-weather high-altitude interceptor for all-weather low-level strike over northern Europe, with a nuclear role, while converting crews straight off subsonic types in a service expanding faster than it could train. 292 F-104s were lost \\u2014 German sources also give 269 \\u2014 and 116 pilots killed, 108 of them German and eight American, a loss rate of about a third of the fleet over thirty years. The press called it der Witwenmacher. Inspekteur der Luftwaffe Werner Panitzki resigned over it in 1966; his successor Johannes Steinhoff grounded the fleet and rebuilt the training system, and the accident rate fell. The later Lockheed bribery investigations showed the company had paid large commissions in several countries, but the German parliamentary inquiry could not establish that the German purchase decision had been bought.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to the East German air force?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Nationale Volksarmee\\u2019s Luftstreitkr\\u00e4fte were absorbed by the Bundeswehr on 3 October 1990: about 700 aircraft and about 20,800 soldiers, with some 8,000 civilian staff. Almost all of the equipment went \\u2014 251 MiG-21s, 65 MiG-23s, 54 Su-22s and 52 L-39 Albatros trainers were scrapped, sold or given to museums. Twenty-four MiG-29s were kept, brought up to Western standards as the MiG-29G, and flown in Luftwaffe markings from Laage until 2004, when 22 were sold to Poland for a symbolic price. Only a small proportion of NVA officers were taken on, and almost none above a certain rank.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is the Luftwaffe actually ready to fight?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"That is the German argument, and it is not settled. Through the 2010s the annual reports of the Wehrbeauftragte des Deutschen Bundestages \\u2014 the parliamentary commissioner, who is entitled to be blunt in a way no ministry is \\u2014 documented a service that could not keep enough aircraft flying. Bundestag answers in 2017 and 2018 put the number of Eurofighters ready for operations in single figures at points in the year against a fleet of more than 120; the ministry argued that the figure counted full weapons-system availability rather than flyable aircraft, and both were true, which is why the argument never resolved. The Zeitenwende bought aircraft, munitions and air defence at speed after February 2022. Whether it has produced a force that could sustain a European war is a question the Bundeswehr\\u2019s own reporting still does not answer with a yes.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can you visit a German air base, or see a Luftwaffe aircraft?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not by turning up. German Fliegerhorste are closed installations and Germany has no air force aerobatic team and very few public air days; large open days have become rare since 1988, when three Italian Frecce Tricolori aircraft collided at the Ramstein Flugtag and one crashed into the crowd, killing seventy people. What you can see is the Milit\\u00e4rhistorisches Museum Flugplatz Berlin-Gatow, the German air force museum on the old RAF Gatow airfield, with more than two hundred aircraft including one of the Luftwaffe\\u2019s MiG-29s; the Aeronauticum at Nordholz; and the Deutsches Museum Flugwerft Schlei\\u00dfheim. And you can fly the L-39 Albatros, the Czech jet trainer on which every Nationale Volksarmee pilot learned, with MiGFlug.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"gallery\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Read the aircraft the German Air Force flew<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type with a page in the Book of Beasts, in service first, then by the year it left the fleet.<\/p>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/eurofighter-typhoon\/\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Eurofighter Typhoon Tranche 1\/2\/3A<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-35-lightning-ii\/\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Panavia Tornado IDS and Recce<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/panavia-tornado\/\"><span class=\"im ph5\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Panavia Tornado ECR<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-4-phantom-ii\/\"><span class=\"im ph36\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>McDonnell Douglas F-4F Phantom II<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1973&ndash;2013<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/uh-1-huey\/\"><span class=\"im ph37\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Bell UH-1D Iroquois<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1967&ndash;2012<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-29-fulcrum\/\"><span class=\"im ph39\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mikoyan MiG-29A \/ MiG-29G and MiG-29UB \/ MiG-29GT<\/b><em>1990&ndash;2004<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/alpha-jet\/\"><span class=\"im ph42\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Dassault-Breguet\/Dornier Alpha Jet A<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/b><em>1979&ndash;1997<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-4-phantom-ii\/\"><span class=\"im ph45\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>McDonnell Douglas RF-4E Phantom II<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1971&ndash;1994<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-104-starfighter\/\"><span class=\"im ph48\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Lockheed F-104G, RF-104G, TF-104G and F-104F Starfighter<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1960&ndash;1991<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-21-fishbed\/\"><span class=\"im ph51\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21<\/b><em>1962&ndash;1990<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mig-23-flogger\/\"><span class=\"im ph52\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 and MiG-23BN<\/b><em>1978&ndash;1990<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-22-fitter\/\"><span class=\"im ph53\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sukhoi Su-22M4 and Su-22UM3K<\/b><em>1984&ndash;1990<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/l-39-albatros\/\"><span class=\"im ph54\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Aero L-39ZO Albatros<\/b><em>1977&ndash;1990<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fiat-g91\/\"><span class=\"im ph56\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Fiat G.91R\/3, G.91T\/3 and G.91R\/4 Gina<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><\/b><em>1960&ndash;1982<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/p-80-shooting-star\/\"><span class=\"im ph58\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Lockheed T-33A T-Bird<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1956&ndash;1976<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-84-thunderjet\/\"><span class=\"im ph63\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Republic F-84F Thunderstreak<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1956&ndash;1967<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-84-thunderjet\/\"><span class=\"im ph64\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Republic RF-84F Thunderflash<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1958&ndash;1966<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\"><span class=\"im ph65\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Canadair CL-13B Sabre Mk.5 and Mk.6<span class=\"nflag nf1\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Canada\"><\/span><\/b><em>1958&ndash;1966<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/f-86-sabre\/\"><span class=\"im ph66\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>North American F-86K Sabre Dog<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/b><em>1959&ndash;1966<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/messerschmitt-bf-109\/\"><span class=\"im ph67\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Messerschmitt Bf 109<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/b><em>1937&ndash;1945<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/fw-190\/\"><span class=\"im ph68\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Focke-Wulf Fw 190<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/b><em>1941&ndash;1945<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/ju-87-stuka\/\"><span class=\"im ph69\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Junkers Ju 87 Stuka<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/b><em>1937&ndash;1945<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/he-111\/\"><span class=\"im ph70\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Heinkel He 111<span class=\"nflag nf3\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Germany\"><\/span><\/b><em>1935&ndash;1945<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/de\/organisation\/luftwaffe\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundeswehr: Luftwaffe<\/a><span>official service pages; the service&rsquo;s own site luftwaffe.de blocks automated access<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/de\/organisation\/luftwaffe\/aktuelles\/f-35-deutschland-5864336\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundeswehr: Unsichtbar und fortschrittlich &mdash; F-35 folgt Tornado<\/a><span>F-35A quantity, cost, basing at B&#252;chel, training at Ebbing ANGB, Tornado out-of-service date<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/de\/organisation\/luftwaffe\/aktuelles\/letzter-a400m-wunstorf-uebergabe-6096696\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundeswehr: Luftwaffe erh&#228;lt den 53. und vorerst letzten A400M<\/a><span>17 April 2026 delivery of 54+63, fleet total, the Inspekteur&rsquo;s quotation<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/en\/organization\/german-air-force\/structure\/air-force-forces-command\/ddodta-multinational-multirole-tanker-transport-unit-en\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundeswehr: DDO\/DtA Multinational Multirole Tanker Transport Fleet<\/a><span>German share of the MMF, personnel, K&#246;ln\/Bonn as forward operating base<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/de\/organisation\/luftwaffe\/aktuelles\/neu-transporthubschrauber-luftwaffe-5915880\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundeswehr: 60 CH-47F f&#252;r die Bundeswehr<\/a><span>Chinook quantity, cost, delivery window and basing at Holzdorf, Laupheim and Manching<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/de\/organisation\/cyber-und-informationsraum\/aktuelles\/aufklaerungssystem-pegasus-6050538\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundeswehr: Aufkl&#228;rungssystem PEGASUS geht in die n&#228;chste Phase<\/a><span>three Global 6000 airframes, Lufthansa Technik and Hensoldt, handover 2027, basing at Jagel<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/en\/airbus-a330-mrtt-5765778\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundeswehr: Airbus A330 MRTT<\/a><span>German use of the pooled tanker fleet<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmvg.de\/de\/aktuelles\/deutschland-investiert-in-verteidigung-und-staerkt-das-buendnis-6045046\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundesministerium der Verteidigung: Verteidigungshaushalt 2025<\/a><span>the 2025 defence budget<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/esut.de\/2025\/06\/meldungen\/60842\/verteidigungshaushalt-2025-steigt-auf-624-milliarden-euro\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Europ&#228;ische Sicherheit &amp; Technik: Verteidigungshaushalt 2025 steigt auf 62,4 Milliarden Euro<\/a><span>&#8364;62.4 bn Einzelplan 14 plus &#8364;24.1 bn from the Sonderverm&#246;gen, 2.4 per cent NATO quota<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/esut.de\/2026\/04\/meldungen\/69968\/53-a400m-fuer-die-luftwaffe-eingetroffen\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Europ&#228;ische Sicherheit &amp; Technik: 53. A400M f&#252;r die Luftwaffe eingetroffen<\/a><span>final A400M delivery, 17 April 2026<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/esut.de\/2025\/11\/meldungen\/65604\/anfangsbefaehigung-mit-dem-flugabwehrsystem-arrow\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Europ&#228;ische Sicherheit &amp; Technik: Anfangsbef&#228;higung mit dem Flugabwehrsystem Arrow<\/a><span>Arrow initial capability<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/esut.de\/2026\/02\/meldungen\/68280\/mmu-europas-tankerflotte-meldet-volle-einsatzbereitschaft\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Europ&#228;ische Sicherheit &amp; Technik: MMU &mdash; Europas Tankerflotte meldet volle Einsatzbereitschaft<\/a><span>nine A330 MRTT in service, February 2026<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/esut.de\/2025\/08\/meldungen\/61997\/camobw-standardisierung-bei-der-lufttuechtigkeit-aller-teilstreitkraefte\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Europ&#228;ische Sicherheit &amp; Technik: CAMOBw &mdash; Standardisierung bei der Luftt&#252;chtigkeit aller Teilstreitkr&#228;fte<\/a><span>stand-up of the airworthiness organisation on 1 August 2025<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/esut.de\/2023\/06\/meldungen\/42792\/beschaffung-von-sechs-luftverteidigungssystemen-iris-t-slm-unter-vertrag\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Europ&#228;ische Sicherheit &amp; Technik: Beschaffung von sechs Luftverteidigungssystemen IRIS-T SLM unter Vertrag<\/a><span>six fire units, &#8364;950 million, delivery to 2027<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/esut.de\/2023\/11\/meldungen\/45875\/eurofighter-ek-tritt-die-nachfolge-der-tornado-ecr-an\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Europ&#228;ische Sicherheit &amp; Technik: Eurofighter EK tritt die Nachfolge der Tornado ECR an<\/a><span>the ECR succession<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.janes.com\/osint-insights\/defence-news\/defence\/germany-signs-for-additional-eurofighters-eurofighter-ek-upgrade\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Janes: Germany signs for additional Eurofighters, Eurofighter EK upgrade<\/a><span>20 Tranche 5 aircraft for &#8364;3.75 bn, 15 Eurofighter EK for &#8364;1.21 bn, 15 October 2025<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.janes.com\/defence-intelligence-insights\/defence-news\/defence\/luftwaffe-resumes-flight-operations-from-buchel-air-base-following-f-35-refurbishment\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Janes: Luftwaffe resumes flight operations from B&#252;chel Air Base following F-35 refurbishment<\/a><span>flying resumed at B&#252;chel, June 2026<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.janes.com\/defence-intelligence-insights\/defence-news\/c4isr\/luftwaffe-to-base-arrow-weapon-system-in-southern-germany\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Janes: Luftwaffe to base Arrow Weapon System in southern Germany<\/a><span>further Arrow sites<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/defence\/germany-signs-tranche-5-contract-to-field-another-20-eurofighters-from-2031\/164905.article\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">FlightGlobal: Germany signs Tranche 5 contract to field another 20 Eurofighters from 2031<\/a><span>quantity and delivery window 2031&ndash;2034<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flightglobal.com\/germany-awards-top-aces-10-year-contract-extension-for-adversary-air-training-services\/165994.article\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">FlightGlobal: Germany awards Top Aces 10-year contract extension for adversary air training services<\/a><span>contracted adversary air at Wittmundhafen extended to 2035, January 2026<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/euro-sd.com\/2025\/10\/major-news\/47301\/germany-orders-20-eurofighters\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">European Security &amp; Defence: Germany firms up order for 20 Tranche 5 Eurofighters<\/a><span>&#8364;3.75 bn, budget committee approval 8 October 2025, Airbus announcement 15 October 2025<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.airdatanews.com\/germanys-first-f-35-a-makes-maiden-flight-ahead-of-official-rollout\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Air Data News: Germany&rsquo;s first F-35A makes maiden flight ahead of official rollout<\/a><span>MG-01 \/ 35+01 first flight 8 September 2026, rollout 18 September 2026, Ebbing ANGB training<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.airbus.com\/en\/newsroom\/stories\/2026-07-a330-multinational-mrtt-fleet-six-years-of-european-strategic-cooperation\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Airbus: A330 Multinational MRTT Fleet &mdash; six years of European strategic cooperation<\/a><span>ten aircraft, nine participating nations, bases at Eindhoven, Cologne and Karup, growth to twelve by 2029<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.airbus.com\/en\/newsroom\/press-releases\/2021-03-airbus-delivers-seventh-h145-for-the-german-armed-forces-search-and\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Airbus: Airbus delivers seventh H145 for the German Armed Forces&rsquo; Search and Rescue service<\/a><span>seven aircraft, stations at Niederstetten, N&#246;rvenich and Holzdorf, final delivery 19 March 2021<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.armyrecognition.com\/news\/army-news\/2026\/german-air-force-receives-first-iris-t-slm-air-defense-system-in-national-configuration\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Army Recognition: German Air Force receives first IRIS-T SLM air defence system in national configuration<\/a><span>13 February 2026 delivery to Flugabwehrraketengruppe 61 at Todendorf<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/norskluftvern.com\/2025\/12\/06\/germanys-arrow-3-acquisition-from-zeitenwende-to-operational-reality\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Norsk Luftvern: Germany&rsquo;s Arrow 3 acquisition &mdash; from Zeitenwende to operational reality<\/a><span>contract of 23 November 2023, &#8364;4 bn, Holzdorf initial capability 3 December 2025, battery composition<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.airforce-technology.com\/news\/german-air-force-lat-pilot\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Airforce Technology: German Air Force selects Lufthansa for initial pilot training<\/a><span>initial flight training at Rostock-Laage from 1 February 2027, DA40 NG, about fifty trainees a year<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shephardmedia.com\/news\/training-simulation\/german-pilots-join-the-ifts\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Shephard Media: German pilots join the IFTS<\/a><span>German evaluation of the Italian International Flight Training School on the M-346; German fast-jet training remains at Sheppard AFB<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mil-aip.de\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Milit&#228;risches Luftfahrthandbuch Deutschland (MIL AIP)<\/a><span>the authority for German military ICAO codes, runway designators, lengths and surfaces; used here through the Fliegerhorst tables that cite it, because the publication itself is not openly accessible<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ourairports.com\/data\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OurAirports open data (airports.csv and runways.csv)<\/a><span>aerodrome reference point coordinates and elevations, cross-checked against the German aerodrome articles; used for every base coordinate in this dataset<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/opennav.com\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">OpenNav: German aerodrome reference points<\/a><span>used to confirm that the coordinates carried here match the published ARP to the second of arc for ETSB and ETNT<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/theaviationist.com\/2025\/10\/15\/germany-eurofighter-tranche-5-deal\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Aviationist: Germany signs Eurofighter Tranche 5 deal<\/a><span>the Tranche 5 contract of October 2025<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/theaviationist.com\/2026\/06\/08\/france-germany-end-fcas\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Aviationist: France and Germany set to end Future Combat Air System programme<\/a><span>the end of the FCAS fighter in June 2026<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flugrevue.de\/militaer\/deutschlands-letzter-airbus-a400m-ist-da-lieferung-komplett\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">FlugRevue: Deutschlands letzter Airbus A400M ist da<\/a><span>the completion of the A400M fleet<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flugrevue.de\/heeresfliegerstaffel-in-niederstetten-h145-im-sar-dienst\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">FlugRevue: Airbus Helicopters H145 im SAR-Dienst der Bundeswehr<\/a><span>confirms that the H145 LUH SAR belongs to the Heer, not the Luftwaffe, despite flying from air force airfields<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.key.aero\/article\/europes-future-combat-air-system-project-realignment\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Key.Aero: Europe&rsquo;s Future Combat Air System project realignment<\/a><span>the FCAS realignment<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flugrevue.de\/militaer\/neuer-auftrag-fuer-skyhawk-und-alpha-jet-top-aces-gewinnt-flugzieldarstellung\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Contracted civil operators on German military airfields<\/a><span>Top Aces at Wittmundhafen, CAE at Bremen, Grob at Goodyear and Lufthansa Aviation Training at Laage are contractors, not Luftwaffe units, and are marked as such<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fas.org\/publication\/status-of-world-nuclear-forces\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Federation of American Scientists: United States nuclear weapons in Europe<\/a><span>the open-source estimate of about twenty B61 weapons at B&#252;chel; the German and American governments neither confirm nor deny<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/parlament\/wehrbeauftragter\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Deutscher Bundestag: Jahresbericht des Wehrbeauftragten<\/a><span>the annual reports of the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Armed Forces, the standing public source on German readiness, serviceability and personnel<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmvg.de\/de\/themen\/ruestung\/ruestungsbericht\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundesministerium der Verteidigung: Bericht zu R&#252;stungsangelegenheiten<\/a><span>the twice-yearly armaments report, the authority for programme status and contracted quantities<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmvg.de\/de\/aktuelles\/neuer-traditionserlass-fuer-die-bundeswehr-22738\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundesministerium der Verteidigung: Traditionserlass 2018<\/a><span>the ministerial decree of 28 March 2018 on what the Bundeswehr may take as tradition, which governs the Boelcke, Richthofen and Steinhoff honour names<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/thebulletin.org\/premium\/2023-11\/nuclear-weapons-sharing-2023\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Kristensen, Korda and Johns, &quot;Nuclear weapons sharing, 2023&quot; (Nuclear Notebook)<\/a><span>eleven protective aircraft shelters at B&#252;chel fitted with WS3 vaults, four weapons per vault, an estimate of 10 to 15 B61 bombs at B&#252;chel and about 100 in Europe at six bases in five countries, and the runway reconstruction under way since September 2022<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/nuclearsharing.eu\/en\/nuclear-sharing\/current-deployment\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">nuclearsharing.eu: Current deployment<\/a><span>eleven vaults at B&#252;chel of four weapons each for a capacity of 44, and the Kristensen and Korda 2021 per-base estimates totalling about 100 warheads in Europe<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dserver.bundestag.de\/btd\/19\/198\/1919884.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundestag Drucksache 19\/19884: Antwort der Bundesregierung &mdash; Das Waffensystem &quot;Tornado&quot;, die Nachfolge und die nukleare Teilhabe<\/a><span>the verbatim standard formula by which the federal government declines all questions about NATO nuclear forces, 5 August 2020<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kleineanfragen.de\/bundestag\/18\/5765-tornado-abstuerze-am-atomwaffenstandort-buechel.txt\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundestag Drucksache 18\/5765: Kleine Anfrage &mdash; Tornado-Abst&#252;rze am Atomwaffenstandort B&#252;chel<\/a><span>the list of Tornado write-offs at B&#252;chel on 10 July 2003, 17 October 2006, 23 March 2009 and 16 January 2014, the aircraft ages, the 837 tonnes of contaminated soil and the government&rsquo;s refusal to discuss the weapons<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dserver.bundestag.de\/btd\/17\/011\/1701159.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundestag Drucksache 17\/1159: Antrag &mdash; Deutschland muss deutliche Zeichen f&#252;r eine Welt frei von Atomwaffen setzen<\/a><span>the 24 March 2010 motion by CDU\/CSU, SPD, FDP and B&#252;ndnis 90\/Die Gr&#252;nen, whose operative point five asks the government to press for the withdrawal of United States nuclear weapons from Germany; adopted 26 March 2010<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ippnw.de\/atomwaffen\/atomwaffen-in-deutschland\/buechel\/artikel\/de\/in-deutschland-beginnen-vorbereitung.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">IPPNW: In Deutschland beginnen Vorbereitungen f&#252;r nukleare Aufr&#252;stung<\/a><span>the March 2021 government answer to Die Linke on construction at B&#252;chel, the runway programme timetable and the repeated secrecy formula<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dfg-vk-rlp.de\/aktuell\/prozesse-wegen-aktionen-gegen-atomwaffen\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">DFG-VK Rheinland-Pfalz: Prozesse wegen Aktionen gegen Atomwaffen<\/a><span>the trial and sentence record at Cochem and Koblenz, at least 99 people charged since 1997, 17 constitutional complaints, around 13 custodial terms, the Susan Crane and Susan van der Hijden sentences and the Theisen acquittal<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aixpaix.de\/atomwaffenfrei\/buechel-20190711.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">aixpaix.de: Sicherheitskonzept der Atomwaffen-Milit&#228;rbasis B&#252;chel gescheitert<\/a><span>the 10 July 2019 fence cutting, the four named activists and their ages, the 15.99-euro bolt cutters and the overnight detention<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/augengeradeaus.net\/2014\/01\/bundeswehr-tornado-uber-der-eifel-abgesturzt\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Augen geradeaus!: Bundeswehr-Tornado &#252;ber der Eifel abgest&#252;rzt<\/a><span>the 16 January 2014 crash at 21:20 five kilometres from the base, both crew ejecting, one with minor injuries, and the Luftwaffe statement<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmvg.de\/de\/aktuelles\/uebergabezeremonie-erster-f-35-kampfjet-6155772\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">BMVg: Pistorius &#252;bernimmt offiziell ersten F-35A-Kampfjet f&#252;r die Bundeswehr<\/a><span>the 18 September 2026 handover at Fort Worth, the Pistorius quotes, the 35-aircraft order, full operational readiness in 2029 and roughly two billion euros of infrastructure at B&#252;chel<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wehrtechnik.info\/f-35a-standort-buechel-kurz-erklaert\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wehrtechnik: F-35A-Standort B&#252;chel kurz erkl&#228;rt<\/a><span>the five construction programmes, training at Ebbing ANGB in Arkansas, first deliveries to B&#252;chel in autumn 2027, IOC at the end of 2028, Tornado service to the end of 2030 and 46 of 85 Tornados at B&#252;chel in May 2025<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aerobuzz.de\/militar\/die-ersten-tornados-des-tlg-33-sind-nach-buechel-zurueckgekehrt\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aerobuzz: Die ersten Tornados des TLG 33 sind nach B&#252;chel zur&#252;ckgekehrt<\/a><span>the return of the first two Tornados on 15 and 16 June 2026 after four years at N&#246;rvenich<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/de\/organisation\/luftwaffe\/aktuelles\/60-jahre-richthofengeschwader-verband-mit-tradition-5057892\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundeswehr: 60 Jahre Richthofengeschwader &mdash; Verband mit Tradition<\/a><span>the Luftwaffe&rsquo;s own account of the 6 June 1959 formation, the move to Wittmundhafen on 29 April 1963, the 21 April 1961 honour name and the aircraft sequence<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/augengeradeaus.net\/2017\/07\/bundeswehr-und-tradition-zum-beispiel-richthofen\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Augen geradeaus!: Bundeswehr und Tradition &mdash; zum Beispiel Richthofen<\/a><span>the 3 July 2017 report on the Richthofentreffen motto, Oberstleutnant Gero Finke, and the verbatim text of the letter from the Kommandierender General der Luftwaffe<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmvg.de\/resource\/blob\/23234\/6a93123be919584d48e16c45a5d52c10\/20180328-die-tradition-der-bundeswehr-data.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">BMVg: Die Tradition der Bundeswehr &mdash; Richtlinien zum Traditionsverst&#228;ndnis und zur Traditionspflege, 28 March 2018<\/a><span>paragraph 3.4.1 on the Wehrmacht as an institution and on the case-by-case admission of individual Wehrmacht members, and paragraph 4.15 on naming procedure<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/resource\/blob\/557654\/bdd4aaf6240c43008ccf1e038a98c134\/wd-2-035-18-pdf-data.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Deutscher Bundestag, Wissenschaftliche Dienste: Synopse der Traditionserlasse der Bundeswehr vom 20. September 1982 und vom 28. M&#228;rz 2018 (WD 2-035\/18)<\/a><span>the side-by-side comparison of the Apel decree of 1982 and the von der Leyen decree of 2018, including the 1982 formula about the military being partly culpably entangled and partly blamelessly misused, and the rules on naming units after individuals<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlbl.niedersachsen.de\/region_nord-west\/aus-und-umbau-des-nato-flugplatzes-wittmundhafen-234699.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nds. Landesamt f&#252;r Bau und Liegenschaften: Aus- und Umbau des NATO-Flugplatzes Wittmundhafen<\/a><span>the itemised construction costs totalling about 351 million euros, the description of roughly 3 km of runway pavement 30 m wide being resurfaced, the suspension of flying from early 2022 and the return in July 2025<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlbl.niedersachsen.de\/startseite\/aktuelles_und_service\/pressemitteilungen\/erste-eurofighter-sind-nach-wittmundhafen-zuruckgekehrt-243412.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nds. Landesamt f&#252;r Bau und Liegenschaften: Erste Eurofighter sind nach Wittmundhafen zur&#252;ckgekehrt<\/a><span>four aircraft returning on 17 July 2025, the works completed in 2025, planned investment of about 774 million euros for 2020 to 2031 and full operations expected in the fourth quarter of 2026<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr-journal.de\/2022\/luftwaffe-verlegt-19-eurofighter-von-wittmund-nach-laage\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">bundeswehr-journal: Luftwaffe verlegt 19 Eurofighter von Wittmund nach Laage<\/a><span>the first departure on 6 January 2022, completion of the move by the end of January, 19 aircraft, about 240 personnel rotating fortnightly, and the southern alert pair remaining at Neuburg<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nwzonline.de\/friesland\/politik\/als-blinder-passagier-durch-den-sturm_a_31,1,2871444915.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nordwest-Zeitung: 100 Jahre Wittmundhafen &mdash; als blinder Passagier durch den Sturm<\/a><span>the airship station between 1916 and 1920, Emil Kraft&rsquo;s account of stowing away on L 61&rsquo;s final thirteen-hour test flight to 3,000 metres, and the airship&rsquo;s delivery to Italy as reparations<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/thedefensepost.com\/2026\/01\/20\/germany-top-aces-air-training\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Defense Post: Germany selects Top Aces for advanced air combat training<\/a><span>the ten-year contract announced on 19&ndash;20 January 2026, worth up to 420 million euros, covering A-4N Skyhawk and Alpha Jet adversary air and joint-force training with AESA radar and the Advanced Aggressor Mission System<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/de\/organisation\/infrastruktur-umweltschutz-und-dienstleistungen\/aktuelles\/eurofighter-flughafen-wird-fit-gemacht-5767692\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundeswehr: Alles f&#252;r den Eurofighter &mdash; Flughafen wird fit gemacht<\/a><span>the scope of the rebuild, sixty-year-old infrastructure, the noise-suppression hall topping out in October 2023, the four-pack shelter and alert building, and the expectation of full Eurofighter operations in 2026<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flugrevue.de\/militaer\/neuer-auftrag-fuer-skyhawk-und-alpha-jet-top-aces-gewinnt-flugzieldarstellung\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">FLUG REVUE: Neuer Auftrag f&#252;r Skyhawk und Alpha Jet &mdash; Top Aces gewinnt Flugzieldarstellung<\/a><span>the earlier contract effective 1 January 2022, seven A-4N Skyhawks and several Alpha Jets based at Wittmund, the Advanced Aggressor Mission System with AESA radar and IRST, and an investment of more than 100 million Canadian dollars<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/de\/organisation\/luftwaffe\/aktuelles\/60-jahre-taktisches-luftwaffengeschwader-74-5083276\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundeswehr: 60 Jahre Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 74<\/a><span>the 1912 first landing, the 1935 construction and 1937 Fliegerwaffenschule, the 21 and 24 March 1945 raids with 366 bombers and 800 tonnes, the American rebuild of 1955&ndash;57, the aircraft sequence, the 15-minute alert requirement, the 1973 honour name and its removal on 11 March 2005<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr-journal.de\/2016\/viel-arbeit-fuer-die-eurofighter-alarmrotten\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">bundeswehr-journal: Viel Arbeit f&#252;r die Eurofighter-Alarmrotten<\/a><span>the figures given by Parliamentary State Secretary Ralf Brauksiepe on 18 January 2016 &mdash; 7, 10 and 18 Alpha-Scrambles and 1,066, 1,087 and 1,063 Tango-Scrambles for 2013 to 2015 &mdash; the six renegade cases that were all false, and the higher federal police totals reported by Die Welt on 24 January 2016<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr-journal.de\/2017\/eurofighter-alarmrotten-auch-2016-haeufig-gefordert\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">bundeswehr-journal: Eurofighter-Alarmrotten auch 2016 h&#228;ufig gefordert<\/a><span>14 Alpha-Scrambles and 798 Tango-Scrambles between 1 January 2016 and 16 February 2017, the question from Tobias Lindner, and the full account of the 16 February 2017 Jet Airways Boeing 777 intercept by both alert pairs<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/de\/organisation\/luftwaffe\/sicherheit-im-luftraum-der-luftwaffe-entgeht-nichts-135310\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundeswehr: Sicherheit im Luftraum &mdash; der Luftwaffe entgeht nichts<\/a><span>the once or twice a month figure for real alert launches, the two alert bases, the July 2003 founding of the national air security centre at Uedem, the two-minute identification requirement and the 18 military and over 50 civil radars<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.portal-militaergeschichte.de\/moellers_moelders\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Portal Milit&#228;rgeschichte: M&#246;lders und kein Ende?<\/a><span>Oberst Erlemann&rsquo;s request of 4 May 1973, the 24 April 1998 Bundestag resolution on the Legion Condor and the circumstances of the vote, the 2004 MGFA report by Wolfgang Schmidt, Struck&rsquo;s January 2005 order, the 11 March 2005 ceremony, the verbatim Finster quotation and the protest advertisement by over sixty retired officers<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/de\/organisation\/luftwaffe\/aktuelles\/sommerreise-neuburg-an-der-donau-5466466\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundeswehr: Sommerreise &mdash; Ministerin besucht Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 74<\/a><span>Christine Lambrecht&rsquo;s visit to Neuburg on 22 July 2022, her verbatim statement on the first Indo-Pacific deployment, and the wing&rsquo;s commodore at the time, Oberst Gordon Schnitger<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/de\/organisation\/luftwaffe\/organisation-\/luftwaffentruppenkommando\/taktisches-luftwaffengeschwader-31-boelcke\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundeswehr: Taktisches Luftwaffengeschwader 31 &quot;Boelcke&quot;<\/a><span>the official current figures &mdash; 907 military and 226 civilian staff, about 30 Eurofighters, one of four German Eurofighter bases &mdash; and the wing&rsquo;s role as the Luftwaffe&rsquo;s lead unit for the Eurofighter&rsquo;s air-to-ground capability and GBU-48 integration<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aerobuzz.de\/luftverkehr\/das-tlg-31-boelcke-erreicht-50-000-eurofighter-flugstunden\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Aerobuzz: Das TLG 31 &quot;Boelcke&quot; erreicht 50.000 Eurofighter-Flugstunden<\/a><span>50,000 Eurofighter flying hours reached on 31 August 2026, the commemorative fin logo, about 30 aircraft since December 2009, the derived average of roughly 1,667 hours per airframe, and the wing as the only German unit combining air-to-air, air-to-ground and RECCE Lite reconnaissance at one location<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/de\/organisation\/luftwaffe\/presse\/temporaere-tornadoverlegung-von-buechel-nach-noervenich--5509186\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundeswehr: Tempor&#228;re Tornadoverlegung von B&#252;chel nach N&#246;rvenich<\/a><span>the official announcement of the temporary move of TaktLwG 33 Tornado flying operations from B&#252;chel to N&#246;rvenich during the B&#252;chel reconstruction<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nordkurier.de\/regional\/anklam\/warum-ein-bundeswehr-pilot-mit-der-legendaeren-sowjetischen-mig-29-abstuerzte-4658269\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nordkurier: Warum ein Bundeswehr-Pilot mit der leg&#228;ren sowjetischen MiG-29 abst&#252;rzte<\/a><span>the crash of 29+09 on 25 June 1996 near Brudersdorf: the flat spin, the ejection at about a kilometre, the pilot&rsquo;s age and injuries, the finding against his control inputs, and that it is the only Soviet-built combat aircraft lost in Bundeswehr service<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/augengeradeaus.net\/2019\/06\/angeblich-zwei-eurofighter-der-luftwaffe-ueber-mecklenburg-abgestuerzt\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Augen geradeaus!: Zwei Eurofighter der Luftwaffe zusammengesto&#223;en, ein Pilot tot<\/a><span>the time and place of the 24 June 2019 collision, the two pilots&rsquo; experience levels, the recovery of one from a tree near Nossentiner H&#252;tte and the death of the other near Silz<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr-journal.de\/2019\/eurofighter-absturz-ein-schwerer-tag-fuer-die-bundeswehr\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">bundeswehr-journal: Eurofighter-Absturz &mdash; &quot;Ein schwerer Tag f&#252;r die Bundeswehr&quot;<\/a><span>the verbatim statements of Ursula von der Leyen and Generalleutnant Ingo Gerhartz on the day of the accident, and the detail that both aircraft were unarmed single-seaters on air combat training<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr-journal.de\/2019\/waffenschule-der-luftwaffe-feierlich-in-dienst-gestellt\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">bundeswehr-journal: Waffenschule der Luftwaffe feierlich in Dienst gestellt<\/a><span>the commissioning at Laage on 1 October 2019, the weapons instructor course of about 140 days, the nine initial staff and roughly twenty students a year, the planned growth to about thirty posts and the first commander Oberstleutnant Dirk Pingel<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr-journal.de\/2022\/luftwaffe-verlegt-19-eurofighter-von-wittmund-nach-laage\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">bundeswehr-journal: Luftwaffe verlegt 19 Eurofighter von Wittmund nach Laage<\/a><span>the move beginning on 6 January 2022, nineteen aircraft and about 240 personnel, completion by the end of January, the fortnightly rotation, the quick reaction alert taking up work immediately with one or two Tango scrambles a day, and the plan to return in 2024<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nwzonline.de\/ostfriesland\/rueckkehr-der-alarmrotte-eurofighter-wieder-in-wittmund_a_4,3,1156820137.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nordwest-Zeitung: R&#252;ckkehr der Alarmrotte &mdash; Eurofighter wieder in Wittmund<\/a><span>the return of the quick reaction alert to Wittmundhafen on 13 July 2026 after three and a half years at Laage, the interim use of the western shelter loop, the 2032 completion target and the 774 million euro cost<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zona-militar.com\/en\/2025\/09\/24\/following-their-visit-to-the-united-kingdom-the-japan-air-self-defense-force-f-15js-arrived-in-germany-for-the-first-time\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Zona Militar: Japan Air Self-Defense Force F-15Js arrived in Germany for the first time<\/a><span>the arrival at Laage on 23 September 2025, the Atlantic Eagles deployment beginning on 14 September, the prior stop in the United Kingdom and the presence of Generalleutnant Holger Neumann at the arrival<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.auepost.de\/kultur-geschichte\/stadtgeschichte\/als-wunstorf-west-berlin-rettete-75-jahre-berliner-luftbruecke-74989\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wunstorfer Auepost: Als Wunstorf West-Berlin rettete &mdash; 75 Jahre Berliner Luftbr&#252;cke<\/a><span>the first Dakota flight on 28 June 1948, the seventeen initial aircraft, 2,072 RAF personnel and about a thousand German Luftbr&#252;ckenhelfer, more than 5,000 people on the base and 4,800 meals a day, the steel matting and the railway siding, the share of about one sixth of total airlift tonnage, the millionth ton on 18 February 1949, one landing every 62 seconds at Gatow on 16 April 1949, and the ten deaths at Wunstorf<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/de\/organisation\/luftwaffe\/aktuelles\/jubilaeum-lufttransport-a400m\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundeswehr: Zehn Jahre Lufttransport mit dem A400M<\/a><span>the arrival of 54+01 on 19 December 2014, more than 50,000 flying hours by the tenth anniversary, the February 2015 first domestic flight and the Washington comparison of fifteen tonnes in a day against six tonnes in three, the 2022 Rapid Pacific circumnavigation, 394 tonnes into Turkey in February 2023, the 21 Gaza missions and more than 220 tonnes in 2024, and the quotations from Oberst Markus Knoll and Generalleutnant G&#252;nter Katz<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundeswehr.de\/de\/meldungen\/vor-einem-jahr-die-luftbruecke-aus-kabul-laeuft-an-5477776\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bundeswehr: Vor einem Jahr &mdash; die Luftbr&#252;cke aus Kabul l&#228;uft an<\/a><span>the operation running from 16 to 26 August 2021, 5,347 people evacuated by A400M and A310, up to 600 German personnel under Brigadegeneral Jens Arlt, evacuees from 45 nations and the Tashkent hub<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flugrevue.de\/militaer\/evakuierungseinsaetze-unter-zeitdruck-flucht-aus-kabul\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">FLUG REVUE: Flucht aus Kabul &mdash; Wettlauf gegen die Uhr<\/a><span>the two A400Ms leaving Wunstorf on 16 August 2021, the landing at 21:57 and the departure at 22:42 with the first seven evacuees, the thirty-minute ground time, the seven aircraft shuttling to Tashkent, the 37 flights, the 4,129 Afghans and 469 Germans, and the loading of up to 230 evacuees against a normal limit of 116<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/awacs.nato.int\/page5835237\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NATO AWACS: E-3A Component<\/a><span>about 1,400 military and civilian personnel, multinational crews from 19 NATO member nations, fourteen E-3As, the three wings and two operational squadrons plus training squadron, the brigadier general commander alternating between the United States Air Force and the Luftwaffe with a Royal Netherlands Air Force deputy, the forward operating bases at Konya, Aktion and Trapani and the forward operating location at &#216;rland with about twenty personnel each, and the NATO Response Force five-day deployment requirement<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/en\/what-we-do\/deterrence-and-defence\/awacs-natos-eyes-in-the-sky\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NATO: AWACS &mdash; NATO&rsquo;s eyes in the sky<\/a><span>fourteen E-3As, a flight crew of three and a mission crew of about twelve tailored to the task, the sixteen full NAPMO members, the Final Lifetime Extension Programme valued at about one billion US dollars keeping the fleet flying through 2035, and the announcement at the 2026 NATO summit that eleven allies would jointly procure up to ten Saab GlobalEye aircraft<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gsp-sipo.de\/fileadmin\/Daten_GSP\/LB_3\/Aachen-Heinsberg\/Factsh_ENG_October2018_Final.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NATO Airborne Early Warning and Control Force Headquarters factsheet, October 2018<\/a><span>about 1,400 personnel and seventeen participating nations of which sixteen provide military personnel, the three Trainer Cargo Aircraft operated from 1985 to December 2011, the command arrangements at force and component level, and the forward operating bases<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.baaa-acro.com\/crash\/crash-boeing-e-3a-sentry-preveza\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives: Crash of a Boeing E-3A Sentry in Preveza<\/a><span>the accident of 14 July 1996 to LX-N90457 at Preveza-Aktion: the rejected take-off after V1, the overrun into the dyke and the sea, five crew and eleven passengers all uninjured, and the finding of no evidence of a bird strike<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.baaa-acro.com\/crash\/crash-boeing-kc-135e-stratotanker-geilenkirchen-afb-4-killed\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives: Crash of a Boeing KC-135E Stratotanker at Geilenkirchen<\/a><span>the crash at 20:55 on 13 January 1999 of 59-1452 of the 141st Air Refueling Wing, Washington Air National Guard, the go-around, the pitch-up and stall, the four fatalities and the runaway trim motor finding<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defensenews.com\/global\/europe\/2024\/08\/23\/german-nato-air-base-raises-security-level-due-to-potential-threat\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Defense News: German NATO air base lowers security level after &rsquo;potential threat&rsquo;<\/a><span>the security level raised late on 22 August 2024 and lowered on the afternoon of 23 August, non-essential personnel sent home, no disclosure of the nature of the threat, and the component&rsquo;s statement that all scheduled operations were proceeding as planned<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/breakingdefense.com\/2025\/11\/nato-allies-cancel-e-7a-wedgetail-order-eye-replacement-says-netherlands\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Breaking Defense: NATO allies cancel E-7A Wedgetail order, eye replacement, says Netherlands<\/a><span>the cancellation by eight allies of the six-aircraft E-7A purchase announced on 14 November 2025, the United States Air Force withdrawal on cost and survivability grounds, the alternatives under assessment including the Saab GlobalEye, the E-2D and the Bombardier Global 6500, and the quotations from Mark Rutte and Gijs Tuinman<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/euro-sd.com\/2025\/11\/major-news\/47840\/nato-partners-cancel-e-7-buy\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">European Security &amp; Defence: NATO AWACS partners cancel plans to buy the E-7 Wedgetail<\/a><span>the six-aircraft plan, the Dutch statement that the strategic and financial foundations of the previous programme had been lost, the fourteen remaining E-3As reaching the end of their service life in 2035, and the noise problem cited as a reason to replace them<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-09-20. Order of Battle pages are regenerated from a single dataset; if a number here disagrees with a Book of Beasts page, this page is the more recent of the two.<\/p>\n<p class=\"verified\">Photographs: Photo: U.S. Air Force photo by Tech. Sgt. Emerson Nu&#241;ez \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Julian Herzog (Website) \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0) &middot; Photos: US Air Force \/ Wikimedia Commons (public domain) &middot; Photo: Steve Lynes from Sandshurst, United Kingdom \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: MarcelX42 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: U.S. Marine Corps photo by Lance Cpl. Dahkareo Pritchett \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: N509FZ \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Fabrice Ram \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0) &middot; Photo: Andr&#233; Gerwing \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Bj&#246;rn Strey \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: ZLEA \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Clemens Vasters from Viersen, Germany, Germany \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Matti Blume \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: U.S. Air Force 163DAW by Tech. Sgt. Joseph Pagan \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Alan Wilson from Peterborough, Cambs, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Bene Riob&#243; \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: MaxSpeed \/ Grob Aircraft AG \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: Falk2 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Alan Wilson from Stilton, Peterborough, Cambs, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Clemens Vasters from Viersen, Germany \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Master Sgt. H.D. Robinson, U.S. Air Force photo 342-C-KE-62474 \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Ank Kumar \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Raboe001 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0 de) &middot; Photo: Cobatfor \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: Colin Cooke Photo \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: bomberpilot \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Aero Icarus from Z&#252;rich, Switzerland \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: BriYYZ from Toronto, Canada \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Master Sgt. H. Robinson, U.S. Air Force (photo 342-C-KE-66630) \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Joop van Bilsen for Anefo \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0) &middot; Photo: Anagoria \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: MoRsE \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: AlfvanBeem \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC0) &middot; Photo: Steelhead 2010 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Michael Barera \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Sot.virk. Eino Nurmi \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Pseudopanax at English Wikipedia \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: German Air Force photographer \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Ducatipierre \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Ronnie Macdonald from Chelmsford, United Kingdom \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Tony Hisgett from Birmingham, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: Vv pro10 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: SA-kuva is a photograph archive site storing solely photographs from the 20th-ce \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Jacobsen, Photographs Taken by German Army Propaganda Companies &#8211; Album 2, photo \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Photograph by Mike Peel (www.mikepeel.net). \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Unknown authorUnknown author \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: tormentor4555 \/ Wikimedia Commons (PDM-owner) &middot; Photo: HawkeyeUK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Autor nieznany \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Wuzur \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: V&#228;nrikki V.Hollming \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Oren Rozen \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Smolik \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Hotolmo22 \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Wuselig \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Van Beek \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Unknown author Unknown author or not provided \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/de-hero-german-air-force.jpg)!important}#mfam 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