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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/lao-peoples-liberation-army-air-force\/\">Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force<\/a><\/div>\n<h1>Every war the Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force has fought<\/h1>\n<p class=\"sub\">Most of this record belongs to the Royal Lao Air Force, the service&rsquo;s royalist predecessor, in a war against the Pathet Lao and North Vietnam fought largely in secret because the 1962 Geneva agreement had banned foreign troops, and alongside a much larger US bombing campaign. Much of it rests on the RLAF history drawn from Conboy, which is named where it is used. In the 1987&ndash;1988 border war with Thailand no source reached confirms that Lao aircraft flew combat missions. Where a consolidated sortie or loss figure exists in the official record it is given here; where accounts disagree, the range is shown and the disagreement named. Blank cells are blank because no figure could be verified, not because the fighting was small.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">From the Kong Le crisis of 1960 to the border war with Thailand in 1987&ndash;1988.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"warfind\" data-filter=\"#combattbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr.crow\" data-noun=\"conflicts\" placeholder=\"Search conflicts, countries, aircraft, years\" aria-label=\"Search conflicts, countries, aircraft, years\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"warfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"warfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt cbt\" id=\"combattbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Conflict<\/th>\n<th>Years<\/th>\n<th>Against<\/th>\n<th>Main aircraft<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Sorties<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Aircraft lost<\/th>\n<th><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd0\" data-x=\"Plain of Jars, northern Laos, the Ho Chi Minh Trail in the south-east, Vientiane Royal Lao Air Force Alongside United States (CIA, Air America, US Air Force) and Thailand T-28 Trojan AC-47 Spooky C-47 O-1 Bird Dog H-34\">\n<td>The Laotian Civil War (the &ldquo;Secret War&rdquo;)<span class=\"cwho\">RLAF close air support 1964&ndash;1975<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Royal Lao Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1960&ndash;1975<\/td>\n<td>Pathet Lao and North Vietnam<\/td>\n<td>T-28 Trojan, AC-47 Spooky, C-47<span class=\"cwho\">and 2 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd0\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd0\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Close air support and interdiction with T-28s and AC-47 gunships for the Royal Lao Army and Vang Pao&rsquo;s Hmong forces, alongside a much larger US bombing campaign.<\/p>\n<p>Laos was formally neutral after the Geneva agreement of 23 July 1962, so the war over it was fought without acknowledgement. The RLAF was the only air force that could legally bomb inside the country, and the United States built it up for that purpose: Project Waterpump at Udorn from March 1964 trained Lao pilots on the T-28, and until 1970 American volunteers and Thai pilots filled the cockpits Lao trainees could not. The first strikes on the Plain of Jars were flown on 17 May 1964; in October Thao Ma led T-28s from Savannakhet against the Mu Gia Pass on the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Hmong pilots trained for Vang Pao flew from Long Tieng, and AC-47 gunships flew at night from September 1969. At its peak in January 1973 the RLAF had about 180 aircraft. Its end came from logistics rather than defeat in the air: after the 1973 ceasefire and the departure of Air America in 1974 there was no fuel and no spares, and on 14 April 1975 nine T-28s flew the last combat sortie against a Pathet Lao column moving on Vientiane.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> The RLAF wasted away after US support ended in 1973&ndash;1974; the royal government fell and the Lao PDR was proclaimed on 2 December 1975.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Sortie figures come from the Royal Lao Air Force history on Wikipedia, which draws on Kenneth Conboy&rsquo;s works; no official Lao or US total of RLAF losses was found. The same article gives the 1973 armistice as 22 January while the Waterpump article dates the ceasefire 21 February 1973. A claimed 1961 air-to-air kill of a Soviet Il-4 by an RLAF pilot was left out because it could not be corroborated.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Royal Lao Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Plain of Jars, northern Laos, the Ho Chi Minh Trail in the south-east, Vientiane<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>United States (CIA, Air America, US Air Force) and Thailand<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Pathet Lao and North Vietnam<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>T-28 Trojan, AC-47 Spooky, C-47, O-1 Bird Dog, H-34<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<span class=\"cwho\">About 10,000 combat sorties by the end of 1968 and about 30,000 a year in 1970&ndash;1972; 4,482 in January 1973; about 2,000 a month after April 1973 (RLAF history drawn from Conboy). Separately, the US dropped 2,756,941 tons of ordnance in 230,516 sorties on Laos in 1965&ndash;1973.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">No total was found. 17 RLAF T-28s were destroyed in two North Vietnamese sapper raids on Luang Prabang in early 1967; T-28 pilots survived on average about 20 months; Waterpump graduated 42 Lao T-28 pilots by November 1966, of whom only 24 remained effective.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Lao_Air_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Project_Waterpump\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laotian_Civil_War\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Long_Tieng\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd1\" data-x=\"Vientiane and the Plain of Jars Neutralist Laotian Air Force and Royal Lao Air Force Alongside Soviet Union (to the Neutralists) and United States (to the royal government) C-47 L-20 Beaver Li-2 AT-6 Texan T-28 Trojan\">\n<td>The Kong Le crisis and the Soviet airlift<span class=\"cwho\">the Neutralist air arm<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Neutralist Laotian Air Force and Royal Lao Air Force<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1960&ndash;1962<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>C-47, L-20 Beaver, Li-2<span class=\"cwho\">and 2 more<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1,000<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd1\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd1\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Kong Le&rsquo;s Neutralists formed their own small air arm with captured transports, supplied by a Soviet airlift; the RLAF received its first strike aircraft.<\/p>\n<p>In August 1960 the paratroop captain Kong Le seized Vientiane against the Phoumi Nosavan faction. When he withdrew he took two C-47s and two L-20 Beavers from Aviation Laotienne &mdash; just renamed the Royal Lao Air Force &mdash; and asked North Vietnam and the Soviet Union for help. From December 1960 Soviet transports flew in supplies, in what Wikipedia calls the largest Soviet airlift since the Second World War, and three Li-2s were given to the Neutralists. The royal government answered with American aid: six AT-6s in January 1961, then T-28s. The crisis ended in negotiation rather than victory, and the Neutralist aircraft returned to the RLAF in 1963. On 12 December 2022 Laos and Russia unveiled a memorial in Xieng Khouang to the Soviet airmen who died in Laos.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Armistice of 10 May 1962 and the Geneva agreement of 23 July 1962; the Neutralist air arm rejoined the RLAF in spring 1963.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The 20,000-missions figure is the one quoted at the 2022 memorial ceremony and covers 1960&ndash;1973; it is not independently confirmed.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Neutralist Laotian Air Force and Royal Lao Air Force<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Vientiane and the Plain of Jars<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>Soviet Union (to the Neutralists) and United States (to the royal government)<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>C-47, L-20 Beaver, Li-2, AT-6 Texan, T-28 Trojan<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>1,000<span class=\"cwho\">About 1,000 Soviet airlift sorties from December 1960 to May 1962 (Wikipedia, citing Conboy). A 2022 Lao&ndash;Russian memorial speaks of about 20,000 Soviet combat missions in Laos in 1960&ndash;1973, a figure not given for this phase alone.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">The six AT-6s delivered in January 1961 were quickly lost; more than 30 Soviet pilots and military personnel died in Laos in 1960&ndash;1973 according to the memorial unveiled in Xieng Khouang on 12 December 2022.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Lao_Air_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laotian_Civil_War\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/laotiantimes.com\/2022\/12\/12\/laos-russia-unveil-monument-to-soviet-pilots-downed-in-laos\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Laotian Times<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd2\" data-x=\"Vientiane Royal Lao Air Force (rebel faction) No allied air arm T-28 Trojan\">\n<td>Thao Ma&rsquo;s air force coups<span class=\"cwho\">the 1966 and 1973 bombings of Vientiane<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Royal Lao Air Force (rebel faction)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1966&ndash;1973<\/td>\n<td>Royal Lao government and army<\/td>\n<td>T-28 Trojan<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd2\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd2\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd2\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">RLAF T-28s under their former commander attacked the General Staff and government targets in the capital.<\/p>\n<p>Thao Ma, a paratrooper trained in France and Morocco, led the RLAF&rsquo;s strike force and built its T-28 arm. After an unsuccessful rebellion on 4 June 1966 he moved his headquarters from Savannakhet to Luang Prabang, and on 22 October 1966 he launched eight T-28s against generals&rsquo; houses, the General Staff and two munitions depots in Vientiane. The US ambassador intervened, and Thao Ma and ten pilots flew into exile in Thailand. On 20 August 1973, after the ceasefire, he returned with about 60 truckloads of troops, took Wattay and bombed the government headquarters with six other pilots. A Royal Lao Army counter-attack recaptured the airfield; he was shot down on landing, survived, and was executed.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Both coups failed. In 1966 Thao Ma and ten pilots flew into exile in Thailand; in 1973 he was killed.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">Details come from the Royal Lao Air Force history on Wikipedia (Conboy); casualty figures for 1973 were not found.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Royal Lao Air Force (rebel faction)<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Vientiane<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>No allied air arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Royal Lao government and army<\/dd>\n<dt>Aircraft<\/dt>\n<dd>T-28 Trojan<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<span class=\"cwho\">Eight T-28s on 22 October 1966; Thao Ma and six other pilots on 20 August 1973.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">36 people were killed in the 22 October 1966 raids. On 20 August 1973 Thao Ma was shot down while landing and executed; other casualties were not confirmed.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Lao_Air_Force\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"crow\" data-more=\"cd3\" data-x=\"Botene District, Sainyabuli Province, and Chat Trakan District, Phitsanulok Province Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force (role unconfirmed) No allied air arm\">\n<td>The Thai&ndash;Lao border war<span class=\"cwho\">Ban Rom Klao and Hill 1428<\/span><span class=\"cserv\">Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force (role unconfirmed)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1987&ndash;1988<\/td>\n<td>Thailand<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td>&mdash;<\/td>\n<td><button class=\"cbx\" type=\"button\" data-more=\"cd3\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"cd3\">Detail<\/button><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"cdet\" id=\"cd3\">\n<td colspan=\"7\">\n<div class=\"cdin\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"crole\">Ground war over a disputed border village; no source reached confirms that Lao aircraft flew combat missions.<\/p>\n<p>The dispute went back to an ambiguous 1907 French demarcation, under which both countries claimed a different tributary of the Hueang river as the border. Thai forces occupied Ban Rom Klao on 15 December 1987 and Laos counter-attacked; Thailand used F-5 fighters against Lao positions and said by mid-January it held 70 per cent of the ground around Hill 1428. The fighting ended with a ceasefire on 19 February 1988 and a mutual withdrawal. Whether the Lao air force, then equipped with MiG-21s, flew any combat mission is not documented in the sources reached; it is listed here because the war is the only one Laos has fought since 1975.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cwar\">Outcome<\/span> Ceasefire on 19 February 1988, restoring the status quo, with both sides withdrawing 3 km.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"ccav\">The Lao air role is unconfirmed; the Thai aircraft losses of February 1988 are not attributed to any cause in the source reached, and nothing here should be read as a Lao air-to-air claim.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<dl class=\"cdl\">\n<dt>Flying for<\/dt>\n<dd>Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force (role unconfirmed)<\/dd>\n<dt>Where<\/dt>\n<dd>Botene District, Sainyabuli Province, and Chat Trakan District, Phitsanulok Province<\/dd>\n<dt>Alongside<\/dt>\n<dd>No allied air arm<\/dd>\n<dt>Against<\/dt>\n<dd>Thailand<\/dd>\n<dt>Sorties<\/dt>\n<dd>&mdash;<span class=\"cwho\">Thai F-5s bombed Lao positions from 15 December 1987 (Wikipedia). No Lao sortie figure was found.<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Losses<\/dt>\n<dd><span class=\"cwho\">Thailand lost two aircraft in February 1988; the source reached does not say how. Figures on each side: 195 Lao soldiers killed; 150&ndash;200 Thai killed and 400&ndash;770 injured (Wikipedia).<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Sources<\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thai%E2%80%93Laotian_Border_War\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"warfind\">Nothing matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every figure, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/laotiantimes.com\/2022\/12\/12\/laos-russia-unveil-monument-to-soviet-pilots-downed-in-laos\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Laotian Times: Laos, Russia Unveil Monument to Soviet Pilots Downed in Laos (12 December 2022)<\/a><span>Memorial in Xieng Khouang; about 20,000 Soviet missions and more than 30 dead in 1960&ndash;1973 (as stated at the ceremony).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-09-30. <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/lao-peoples-liberation-army-air-force\/\">Back to the Lao People&rsquo;s Liberation Army Air Force<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .nflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aircraft-manufacturer-country-flags-v4.png)!important}#mfam .nf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .nf1{background-position:-24px -2px}#mfam .nf2{background-position:-46px -2px}#mfam .nf3{background-position:-68px -2px}#mfam .nf4{background-position:-90px -2px}#mfam .nf5{background-position:-112px -2px}#mfam .nf6{background-position:-134px -2px}#mfam .nf7{background-position:-156px -2px}#mfam .nf8{background-position:-178px -2px}#mfam .nf9{background-position:-200px -2px}#mfam .nf10{background-position:-222px -2px}<\/style>\n<link rel=\"stylesheet\" 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