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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; Ivory Coast<\/div>\n<h1>Air Force of Ivory Coast<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;Air de C&#244;te d&rsquo;Ivoire &middot; Groupement A&#233;rien de Transport et de Liaison (GATL, historic)<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">The Air Force of Ivory Coast began in 1961 as a French-equipped transport and liaison group, briefly became a strike force with Su-25s and Mi-24s flown partly by foreign mercenaries during the 2002&ndash;2004 civil war, was wiped out by French forces within hours of bombing the French camp at Bouak&#233; on 6 November 2004, and has since been rebuilt as a small transport, surveillance and helicopter force that in 2026 is adding Chinese Wing Loong II drones and K-8 jet trainers.<\/p>\n<div class=\"marks\">\n<div class=\"mark\"><svg class=\"rondel\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Ivorian national marking: orange outer ring, white ring, green centre\"><circle cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"49\" fill=\"#f77f00\"\/><circle cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"33\" fill=\"#ffffff\"\/><circle cx=\"50\" cy=\"50\" r=\"16.5\" fill=\"#009e60\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"mk\">National marking<b>Orange outer ring, white ring, green centre.<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>0<\/b><span>Combat aircraft<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>3<\/b><span>Active air bases<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1961<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>8<\/b><span>Types retired<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>Ivory Coast<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1961<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Active<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Abidjan Air Base, Abidjan<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Commander<\/b>Koffi Alfred N&rsquo;Guessan<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>The Ivorian air force story: a French-built transport group, the Bouak&#233; strike of 2004 and Chinese drones and trainers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1960&ndash;1980: a transport group under French protection<\/h3>\n<p>Ivory Coast became independent on 7 August 1960 and, in April 1961, signed the Franco-Ivorian Technical Military Assistance Accord that built its armed forces with French money, equipment and advisers. The air arm that came out of it was not designed to fight. Its first aircraft, delivered in 1961, were three Douglas C-47 transports and seven Max Holste MH.1521 Broussard light utility aircraft, and its original name &mdash; Groupement A&#233;rien de Transport et de Liaison, the air transport and liaison group &mdash; says what it was for: moving people and supplies around a large country with few good roads. By the end of 1962 the whole army numbered about 5,000 soldiers in four battalions. Security in practice leaned on France, whose marine infantry battalion, the 43rd BIMA, was based at Port-Bou&#235;t beside Abidjan airport until 2025. The good side was a cheap, stable arrangement; the weakness was an air arm with no combat tradition of its own.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">1980&ndash;2002: seven Alpha Jets and a quiet air arm<\/h3>\n<p>The first jets arrived in October 1980: six Dassault\/Dornier Alpha Jets for light attack and advanced training. Six more were ordered and then cancelled, but one further aircraft was bought in 1983, giving seven in all, which Wikipedia lists as Alpha Jet E. For two decades they were the only combat-capable aircraft the country owned, and there is no record in the sources checked of them ever being used in anger. Otherwise the service flew transports, helicopters and government aircraft. What happened to the Alpha Jets, and when they stopped flying, could not be confirmed for this page, and the detailed fleet of the 1980s and 1990s is thinly documented in accessible sources. The air force did not fight in these years, and nothing in the sources checked suggests it was expected to.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2002&ndash;2004: Su-25s, Mi-24s and foreign crews in a civil war<\/h3>\n<p>That ended with the rebellion of September 2002, which split the country between the government-held south and a rebel-held north; France launched Op&#233;ration Licorne on 22 September 2002 and had about 4,000 troops in the country by July 2003. President Laurent Gbagbo&rsquo;s government rearmed fast. According to Wikipedia&rsquo;s summary of the published record, it bought arms from Angola, Belarus, Bulgaria, Israel, Romania and Ukraine, including Sukhoi Su-25 attack jets and Mil Mi-24 helicopter gunships, and recruited foreign personnel, among them Belarusian pilots and men previously associated with the South African firm Executive Outcomes. The Su-25s were used against rebel targets. The Linas-Marcoussis agreement of 26 January 2003 and the arrival of the UN mission UNOCI on 4 April 2004 froze the front line, but they did not disarm either side. For the first time Ivory Coast had a real strike force &mdash; flown in part by people who were not Ivorian.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">6 November 2004: Bouak&#233; and the end of the first air force<\/h3>\n<p>On 4 November 2004 the government launched Op&#233;ration Dignit&#233;, an air offensive against the rebel-held north. On 6 November at least one Su-25 struck the French Licorne position at Bouak&#233;, killing nine French soldiers and an American civilian; the number of wounded is given as 31, 37 or 40 depending on the source. Within about fifteen minutes, by Wikipedia&rsquo;s account, French forces destroyed the two Su-25s on the ground at Yamoussoukro, and President Jacques Chirac ordered the destruction of the entire Ivorian air force. The Mi-24s and other helicopters were destroyed at Abidjan, among them two downed over the city; accounts of how many vary from three to five gunships. On 15 November the UN Security Council imposed an arms embargo in Resolution 1572, condemning the air raids as a ceasefire violation. In April 2021 a Paris court sentenced a Belarusian pilot and two Ivorian co-pilots to life in their absence. The account the Gbagbo government gave of the strike was not found in the sources checked.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2004&ndash;2017: embargo, a second crisis and a slow rebuild<\/h3>\n<p>Rebuilding under the embargo was slow. By 2007, according to Aviation Week&rsquo;s inventory as cited by Wikipedia, the air force had one An-32 transport, one Cessna 421, two SA 365 Dauphin helicopters, one Gulfstream IV and a single Mi-24. The Ouagadougou agreement of 4 March 2007 eased the war, but the disputed election of 2010 brought a second crisis. On 30 March 2011 the Security Council authorised UNOCI, in Resolution 1975, to use all necessary means to protect civilians; on 4 and 10 April UN Mi-24s with Ukrainian crews and French helicopters struck Gbagbo&rsquo;s heavy weapons in Abidjan, and on 11 April Ouattara&rsquo;s forces captured Gbagbo with French support. No Ivorian air force combat sorties in 2011 are recorded in the sources checked. Licorne itself gave way to the French Forces in Ivory Coast on 21 January 2015.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">2017&ndash;2026: Hinds that keep crashing, ISR aircraft and a Chinese package<\/h3>\n<p>From 2017 the service bought helicopters again: three attack helicopters reported by Russia to the UN arms register, which later reporting calls refurbished ex-Bulgarian Mi-24Ds; two more in 2020&ndash;2021. They have not lasted. Mi-24s were lost at Katiola on 27 November 2019, at Abidjan on 18 March 2020, in the north on 9&ndash;10 September 2021 with all five on board killed, and at Korhogo on 27 October 2025. Transport has fared better &mdash; two An-26Bs in 2018, two Mi-8Ps and a C295W by 2020 &mdash; and so has surveillance: a King Air C90 in 2022, an ISR King Air 360 in 2024, and French and EU-funded drones. On 14 June 2024 the ministry signed a contract with China&rsquo;s CATIC that brought two Wing Loong II drones to Bouak&#233; by August 2026 and three K-8 trainers due by the end of 2026. France handed over Port-Bou&#235;t in February 2025. The force is small &mdash; about 1,000 people &mdash; and its combat edge is fragile.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">The first jets arrived in October 1980: six Dassault\/Dornier Alpha Jets for light attack and advanced training. Six more were ordered and then cancelled, but one further aircraft was bought in 1983, giving seven in all, which Wikipedia lists as Alpha Jet E.<cite>Air Force of Ivory Coast &middot; verified 2026-10-01<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>The Air Force of Ivory Coast in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Service<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Native name<\/dt>\n<dd>Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;Air<span class=\"gnote\">The defence ministry&rsquo;s site calls its staff the &#201;tat-Major de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;Air. The service began as the Groupement A&#233;rien de Transport et de Liaison (GATL); spotter reports also use Force A&#233;rienne de C&#244;te d&rsquo;Ivoire<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Founded<\/dt>\n<dd>1961<span class=\"gnote\">First aircraft delivered in 1961 under the Franco-Ivorian Technical Military Assistance Accord of April 1961; no exact founding day was found on an official page<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Part of<\/dt>\n<dd>Armed Forces of C&#244;te d&rsquo;Ivoire (FACI)<span class=\"gnote\">Alongside the army, navy, special forces and gendarmerie; about 25,000&ndash;30,000 personnel in all<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Headquarters<\/dt>\n<dd>Abidjan Air Base<span class=\"gnote\">Beside F&#233;lix Houphou&#235;t-Boigny airport at Port-Bou&#235;t, Abidjan<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Chief of Staff of the Air Force<\/dt>\n<dd>Air Div. Gen. Koffi Alfred N&rsquo;Guessan<span class=\"gnote\">Since 2017 per defenceWeb; not confirmed on an official page<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Minister of Defence<\/dt>\n<dd>T&#233;n&#233; Birahima Ouattara<span class=\"gnote\">Minister of State and Minister of Defence since 2021; styled Vice Prime Minister in 2026 reporting<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Strength<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Personnel<\/dt>\n<dd>About 1,000<span class=\"gnote\">Authorised strength per defenceWeb (May 2026); no official figure found<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Combat helicopters<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Mi-24V\/D Hind &mdash; 0&ndash;3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">defenceWeb lists three Mi-24V in May 2026; Military Africa wrote after the Korhogo crash of 27 October 2025 that, if confirmed, the whole Mi-24 fleet had been lost<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Transport<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>An-26B &mdash; 2<\/li>\n<li>C295W &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">An-26Bs delivered July 2018; the C295W was in service by March 2020<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>VIP transport<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>A319CJ &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<li>Gulfstream IV &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<li>Gulfstream G450 &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<li>Gulfstream G550 &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<li>AW139 helicopter &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">defenceWeb inventory, May 2026<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Utility helicopters<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Mi-8P &mdash; 2<\/li>\n<li>SA 330L Puma &mdash; 2<\/li>\n<li>SA 365 Dauphin &mdash; 2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">defenceWeb inventory, May 2026<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>ISR aircraft and drones<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>King Air C90 &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<li>King Air 360 ISR &mdash; 1<\/li>\n<li>Wing Loong II &mdash; 2<\/li>\n<li>Delair DT-26 &mdash; 4<\/li>\n<li>Atechsys COMET L &mdash; 2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">defenceWeb notes that it is not disclosed which drones the air force rather than other FACI branches operates<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Trainers<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Hongdu K-8 &mdash; 3 on order<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Due by the end of 2026 under the CATIC contract of June 2024; Ivorian pilots train meanwhile with Grob in France<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Defence budget<\/dt>\n<dd>441.6 billion CFA francs (2025)<span class=\"gnote\">About US$778 million; no separate air force figure published<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Infrastructure<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Air bases<\/dt>\n<dd>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Abidjan &mdash; headquarters, transport and helicopters<\/li>\n<li>Bouak&#233; &mdash; Wing Loong II drones (2026)<\/li>\n<li>Korhogo &mdash; northern base<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">defenceWeb names Abidjan and Korhogo; the drones were shown at Bouak&#233; Air Base in August 2026<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Destroyed in 2004<\/dt>\n<dd>Yamoussoukro and Abidjan<span class=\"gnote\">French forces destroyed the Su-25s at Yamoussoukro and the helicopters at Abidjan on 6 November 2004<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>French presence<\/dt>\n<dd>Port-Bou&#235;t handed back, February 2025<span class=\"gnote\">The camp of the 43rd Marine Infantry Battalion beside Abidjan airport, to be renamed after General Thomas d&rsquo;Aquin Ouattara; about 100 French personnel were to stay<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Simulator<\/dt>\n<dd>ALSIM ALX<span class=\"gnote\">Commissioned 10 December 2021, supplied through AFRICAT Group<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"structure\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Structure<\/div>\n<h2>How the Air Force of Ivory Coast is organised<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">One branch of the Armed Forces of C&#244;te d&rsquo;Ivoire, about 1,000 strong, with its headquarters and transport group at Abidjan Air Base and forward bases at Korhogo and Bouak&#233;. <span class=\"imp\">Its only combat type is the Mi-24 gunship: four of the five delivered since 2017 have crashed, and sources disagree whether any remain, defenceWeb listing three in May 2026.<\/span> Transports, VIP jets, ISR King Airs and drones make up the rest, with two Wing Loong IIs confirmed in August 2026 and three K-8 trainers due by the end of the year.<\/p>\n<div class=\"org\">\n<div class=\"cmdcard\"><span class=\"cface mono\">KA<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"cmdtx\"><span class=\"crank\">Air Division General (g&#233;n&#233;ral de division a&#233;rienne)<\/span><b>Koffi Alfred N&rsquo;Guessan<\/b><span class=\"cmeta\">Chief of Staff of the Air Force (chef d&rsquo;&#233;tat-major de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;Air) &middot; in office since 2017<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmdorg\"><span>Air Force of Ivory Coast<\/span><em>Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;Air de C&#244;te d&rsquo;Ivoire<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgrow\">\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Headquarters<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Air Force of Ivory Coast<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;Air de C&#244;te d&rsquo;Ivoire<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Abidjan<\/div>\n<p>One of the branches of the Armed Forces of C&#244;te d&rsquo;Ivoire (FACI), about 1,000 strong according to defenceWeb, with its headquarters at Abidjan Air Base beside F&#233;lix Houphou&#235;t-Boigny airport. defenceWeb names Air Division General Koffi Alfred N&rsquo;Guessan as Chief of Staff of the Air Force since 2017; the defence ministry&rsquo;s air force page does not name its chief, so the date was not confirmed on an official page.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Front line<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Mi-24 attack helicopters<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<p>The only combat type. Five refurbished Mi-24s arrived from 2017 to 2021 and four have crashed since, the latest on take-off at Korhogo on 27 October 2025. defenceWeb lists three Mi-24V in May 2026; Military Africa wrote that, if the Korhogo loss was confirmed, the whole fleet had gone. No permanent base for the gunships is published; Military Africa calls Korhogo the primary forward operating base for the north.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Transport<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Air Transport and Liaison Group<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\">Groupe A&#233;rien de Transport et de Liaison (GATL)<\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Abidjan<\/div>\n<p>Heir to the transport and liaison group of 1961. Military Africa places its two ex-Bulgarian An-26Bs, delivered on 19 and 23 July 2018, and two second-hand Mi-8Ps, delivered in March 2020, at Abidjan-Port Bou&#235;t; a C295W was in service by March 2020.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Unmanned and surveillance<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>ISR aircraft and drones<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"oloc\">Bouak&#233; (Wing Loong II); others not published<\/div>\n<p>A King Air C90 from June 2022 and an ISR King Air 360, fitted by Aerodata for maritime surveillance in the Gulf of Guinea, from 20 April 2024. Two Chinese Wing Loong II drones, delivered unarmed, were confirmed at Bouak&#233; Air Base on 10 August 2026 flying reconnaissance. Which FACI branch flies the Delair DT-26 and EU-funded COMET L drones is not disclosed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Helicopters and VIP<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Government and utility fleet<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<p>Two SA 330L Pumas, two SA 365 Dauphins, two Mi-8Ps and an AW139 helicopter, with an A319CJ, a Gulfstream IV, a G450 and a G550 for government transport, per defenceWeb&rsquo;s May 2026 inventory. Which of them are permanently based where is not published.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"orgcard\"><span class=\"tag\">Training<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Hongdu K-8 trainers on order<\/h4>\n<div class=\"de\"><\/div>\n<p>Three K-8 jet trainers are due by the end of 2026 under the contract signed with China&rsquo;s CATIC on 14 June 2024; meanwhile Ivorian pilots train on Grob aircraft in France until 2027. An ALSIM ALX flight simulator was commissioned on 10 December 2021.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">In service<\/div>\n<h2>What the Air Force of Ivory Coast flies today<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type on charge, linked to its Book of Beasts page where one exists. <span class=\"imp\">Counts are aircraft on the books, not aircraft available on a given day.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-yr\">\n<col class=\"c-units\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">In service<\/th>\n<th>Since<\/th>\n<th>Units<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph1\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mil Mi-24D\/V Hind (2017 fleet)<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Attack helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2017<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>0&ndash;3 in service. Five delivered: three in 2017 and two in 2020&ndash;2021. Four accidents followed (2019, 2020, 2021, 2025). <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>defenceWeb lists three Mi-24V in May 2026; Military Africa wrote in October 2025 that, if the Korhogo loss was confirmed, the entire fleet was gone.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph2\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mil Mi-8P Hip<\/a><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport helicopter<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>2020<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Two, both second-hand.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph3\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>A&#233;rospatiale SA 330L Puma<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Utility helicopter<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Two per defenceWeb (May 2026).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph4\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Eurocopter SA 365 Dauphin<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Utility and liaison helicopter<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Two in 2007 and two in 2026.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>AgustaWestland AW139<span class=\"nflag nf10\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in Italy\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>VIP helicopter<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph5\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus C295W<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tactical transport<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Antonov An-26B<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tactical transport<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>2018<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Two, ex-Bulgarian.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph6\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Beechcraft King Air 360 (B300) ISR<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Surveillance (ISR)<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2024<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One in 2026; a second was announced for the end of 2024 but is not in defenceWeb&rsquo;s 2026 list.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph7\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Beechcraft King Air C90<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Surveillance and liaison<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2022<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph8\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus A319CJ<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>VIP transport<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph9\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Gulfstream IV<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>VIP transport<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph10\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Gulfstream G450<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>VIP transport<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Gulfstream G550<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>VIP transport<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>AVIC Wing Loong II<span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Medium-altitude long-endurance drone<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>2026<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Two seen in the armed forces&rsquo; own video.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Delair DT-26<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Surveillance drone<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>2022<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Four ordered (reported December 2021).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Atechsys COMET L<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><span class=\"st on\">In service<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Tactical drone<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>2026<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Two per defenceWeb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"fleetchart\">\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">DT-26<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:100%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">4<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Mi-8P<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:50%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">2<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Puma<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:50%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">2<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Dauphin<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:50%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">2<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">An-26B<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:50%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">2<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">Wing Loong II<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:50%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">2<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">COMET L<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:50%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">2<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"frow\"><span class=\"fname\">AW139<\/span><span class=\"fbar\"><i style=\"width:25%\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fnum\">1<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>On order<\/h3>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet ord\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-fd\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Ordered<\/th>\n<th>First delivery<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Hongdu K-8 Karakorum<span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>2026<\/td>\n<td>Under the CATIC contract signed in Abidjan on 14 June 2024; due before the end of 2026. <\/p>\n<details class=\"ndet\">\n<summary>More<\/summary>\n<p><span>defenceWeb and Military Africa (August 2026) give three; an earlier Military Africa report (July 2026) says the number was not disclosed. Pilots are training meanwhile on Grob aircraft in France, funded from the French cooperation budget, until 2027.<\/span><\/details>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Unspecified helicopters and drones (CATIC package)<span class=\"st ord\">On order<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Military Africa reports that the 2024 package also covers helicopters and attack drones whose types and numbers were not disclosed; the ministry only spoke of &quot;latest-generation air vectors&quot; to secure the airspace and fight terrorism.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"former\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Formerly operated<\/div>\n<h2>Every type the Air Force of Ivory Coast has retired<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">8 types, from the Douglas C-47 to the Airbus Helicopters H125. <span class=\"imp\">Peak figures are airframes taken on charge over the whole service life, not fleet strength on any one date.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt fleet former\">\n<colgroup>\n<col class=\"c-th\">\n<col class=\"c-type\">\n<col class=\"c-role\">\n<col class=\"c-num\">\n<col class=\"c-srv\">\n<col class=\"c-rep\">\n<col><\/colgroup>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Type<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align:right\">Peak<\/th>\n<th>Served<\/th>\n<th>Replaced by<\/th>\n<th>Notes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph11\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Airbus Helicopters H125<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light helicopter (leased)<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>2023&ndash;2025<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Three, leased.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph12\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\" class=\"was\">Sukhoi Su-25 Frogfoot<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Ground-attack jet<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>2&ndash;4. Every source agrees on the two that flew in November 2004; one Wikipedia account mentions two more that were damaged.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph13\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\" class=\"was\">Mil Mi-24 Hind (2002&ndash;2004 fleet)<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Attack helicopter<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>3&ndash;5. Wikipedia&rsquo;s armed forces and Mi-24 articles give three and five respectively.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/alpha-jet\/\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"tthumb ph14\"><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/alpha-jet\/\" class=\"was\">Dassault\/Dornier Alpha Jet E (CI)<\/a><span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light attack and advanced trainer<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>1980&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Six in October 1980 and one in 1983; six more ordered and cancelled.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Antonov An-32<\/td>\n<td>Tactical transport<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>An-26B<\/td>\n<td>One in 2007.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph15\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Cessna 421 Golden Eagle<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Utility transport<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>One in 2007.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb none\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Douglas C-47<span class=\"nflag nf8\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in the United States\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Transport<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>1961&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Three.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"tthumb ph16\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Max Holste MH.1521 Broussard<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/td>\n<td>Light utility (STOL)<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>1961&ndash;<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Seven.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"bases\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Air bases<\/div>\n<h2>Where the Air Force of Ivory Coast flies from<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Black pins are active bases, the hollow pin the airfield no longer reported in air force use. <span class=\"imp\">Every base shares its runway with a civil airport: the headquarters and transport group at Abidjan, the Wing Loong II drones at Bouak&#233; and the forward base for the north at Korhogo.<\/span> Yamoussoukro, a civil airport today, is listed as the Su-25 base of November 2004, where most accounts place the jets French forces destroyed on 6 November; one account places them at Abidjan instead. Coordinates are the ASECNA AIP aerodrome reference points.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><span>Click a pin to open the base page<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"basefind\" data-filter=\"#basetbl\" data-item=\"tbody tr\" data-noun=\"air bases\" placeholder=\"Search bases, district, units, aircrafts\" aria-label=\"Search bases, district, units, aircrafts\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"basefind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"basefind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"basetbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Runway<\/th>\n<th>Units and aircraft<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr id=\"base-abidjan-port-bouet\" data-base=\"abidjan-port-bouet\" data-x=\"active active &#201;tat-Major de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;Air ABJ\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/abidjan-port-bouet\/\">Abidjan<small>Port-Bou&#235;t<\/small><\/a><span>Abidjan Autonomous District (Port-Bou&#235;t commune)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>DIAP<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>03\/21<\/span>3,000 m<span>asphaltic concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Groupe A&#233;rien de Transport et de Liaison (GATL)<\/span>: <span>Antonov An-26B (2), <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mil Mi-8P (2)<\/a>, Airbus C295W (1)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Air Force Headquarters (&#201;tat-Major de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;Air)<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"was\"><span>43e Bataillon d&rsquo;Infanterie de Marine (French Forces in C&#244;te d&rsquo;Ivoire)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-bouake\" data-base=\"bouake\" data-x=\"active active  BYK\">\n<td>Bouak&#233;<span>Vall&#233;e du Bandama District (Gb&#234;k&#234; Region)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>DIBK<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>03\/21<\/span>3,300 m<span>bituminous concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Wing Loong II drone element<\/span>: <span>CAIG Wing Loong II (2)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr id=\"base-korhogo\" data-base=\"korhogo\" data-x=\"active active  HGO\">\n<td>Korhogo<span>Savanes District (Poro Region)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>DIKO<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span><span>08\/26<\/span>2,100 m<span>concrete<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li><span>Northern forward detachment<\/span>: <span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mil Mi-24D Hind<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"basefind\">No air base matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"oob\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Order of battle<\/div>\n<h2>Who is stationed where in the Air Force of Ivory Coast<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Flying units by base, current units first. <span class=\"imp\">The Air Transport and Liaison Group at Abidjan, heir to the group of 1961, is the only flying unit named in the sources; the drone element at Bouak&#233; and the northern detachment at Korhogo are described, not named.<\/span> The French 43rd Marine Infantry Battalion at Port-Bou&#235;t is listed and marked as not Ivorian, and the 2004 Su-25 and helicopter detachment at Yamoussoukro as former.<\/p>\n<div class=\"qbar\"><input class=\"qin\" type=\"search\" id=\"unitfind\" data-filter=\"#oobwrap\" data-item=\".oob\" data-noun=\"installations\" placeholder=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" aria-label=\"Search squadrons, wings, aircraft, bases\" autocomplete=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\"><button class=\"qbtn\" type=\"button\" data-clear=\"unitfind\">Clear<\/button><span class=\"qcnt\" data-count=\"unitfind\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"oobwrap\" id=\"oobwrap\">\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Abidjan Autonomous District (Port-Bou&#235;t commune) active &#201;tat-Major de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;Air\">\n<div><span><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-bases\/abidjan-port-bouet\/\">Abidjan Air Base (Port-Bou&#235;t)<\/a> &middot; DIAP<\/span><em>&#201;tat-Major de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;Air<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Groupe A&#233;rien de Transport et de Liaison (GATL)<small>Air transport and liaison group &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>Antonov An-26B (2), <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mil Mi-8P (2)<\/a>, Airbus C295W (1)<\/dd>\n<dt>Air Force Headquarters (&#201;tat-Major de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;Air)<small>Headquarters &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">43e Bataillon d&rsquo;Infanterie de Marine (French Forces in C&#244;te d&rsquo;Ivoire)<small>1979&ndash;2025<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\"><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Vall&#233;e du Bandama District (Gb&#234;k&#234; Region) active \">\n<div><span>Bouak&#233; &middot; DIBK<\/span><em>Active<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Wing Loong II drone element<small>Armed drone (ISR and strike) &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd>CAIG Wing Loong II (2)<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oob\" data-x=\"Savanes District (Poro Region) active \">\n<div><span>Korhogo &middot; DIKO<\/span><em>Active<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>Northern forward detachment<small>Forward operating base (helicopters) &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mil Mi-24D Hind<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"qnone\" data-none=\"unitfind\">No unit matches that search.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Air Force of Ivory Coast milestones, 1914 to today<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1960<\/div>\n<p>7 August: Ivory Coast becomes independent.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1961<\/div>\n<p>April: the Franco-Ivorian Technical Military Assistance Accord is signed. The first aircraft &mdash; three C-47s and seven MH.1521 Broussards &mdash; form a transport and liaison group.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1980<\/div>\n<p>October: six Alpha Jets, the first jets, enter service; a seventh follows in 1983.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2002<\/div>\n<p>September: rebellion splits the country; France launches Op&#233;ration Licorne on 22 September. The government buys Su-25s and Mi-24s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2003<\/div>\n<p>26 January: the Linas-Marcoussis agreement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2004<\/div>\n<p>4 November: Op&#233;ration Dignit&#233; air offensive begins. 6 November: Su-25s strike the French camp at Bouak&#233;, killing nine French soldiers and an American; France destroys the Ivorian air force. 15 November: UN arms embargo (Resolution 1572).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2007<\/div>\n<p>4 March: Ouagadougou agreement. The rebuilt air force has an An-32, a Cessna 421, two Dauphins, a Gulfstream IV and one Mi-24.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2011<\/div>\n<p>30 March: Resolution 1975. 4 and 10 April: UN and French helicopters strike Gbagbo&rsquo;s heavy weapons in Abidjan. 11 April: Gbagbo is captured.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2015<\/div>\n<p>21 January: Op&#233;ration Licorne is replaced by the French Forces in Ivory Coast.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2017<\/div>\n<p>Three attack helicopters (Mi-24s) delivered, per Russia&rsquo;s UN arms register return. Air Div. Gen. Koffi Alfred N&rsquo;Guessan becomes air force chief, per defenceWeb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2018<\/div>\n<p>19 and 23 July: two An-26Bs arrive at Abidjan.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2019<\/div>\n<p>27 November: a Mi-24D is destroyed in a collision with a parked Mi-17 at Katiola.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2020<\/div>\n<p>March: two Mi-8Ps arrive; 18 March: a Mi-24D crashes at Abidjan airport; air force aircraft fly COVID-19 patients.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2021<\/div>\n<p>April: a Paris court sentences three pilots in absentia over Bouak&#233;. 9&ndash;10 September: a Mi-24 crashes near the Burkina Faso border, killing five. December: four DT-26 drones ordered; flight simulator commissioned.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2024<\/div>\n<p>20 April: ISR King Air 360 arrives. 20 June: contract with China&rsquo;s CATIC for K-8 trainers, drones and helicopters.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2025<\/div>\n<p>February: France hands over the Port-Bou&#235;t base. 27 October: a Mi-24D crashes at Korhogo without injuries.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2026<\/div>\n<p>3 February: EU-funded drones handed over. August: two Wing Loong II drones confirmed at Bouak&#233;; K-8s due by the end of the year.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"combat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Combat record<\/div>\n<h2>Every war the Air Force of Ivory Coast has fought<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Sorties and losses where the record gives them, and an honest blank where it does not.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip dark\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>4<\/b><span>conflicts<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>2002<\/b><span>First<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1<\/b><span>Aircraft lost<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>5<\/b><span>Killed<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"gl cml\">\n<li><b>First Ivorian Civil War<\/b> <span class=\"de\">2002&ndash;2004<\/span> Su-25 jets and Mi-24 gunships, flown partly by foreign crews, attacked rebel targets for the Gbagbo government<\/li>\n<li><b>Op&#233;ration Dignit&#233; and the Bouak&#233; strike<\/b> <span class=\"de\">2004<\/span> Flew an air offensive against the rebel north from 4 November 2004; on 6 November struck the French Licorne camp at Bouak&#233;<\/li>\n<li><b>Second Ivorian Civil War<\/b> <span class=\"de\">2010&ndash;2011<\/span> No combat sorties by the Ivorian air force are recorded in the sources checked; the decisive air action was by UN and French helicopters against forces loyal to Laurent Gbagbo<\/li>\n<li><b>Northern border security operations<\/b> <span class=\"de\">2020&ndash;<\/span> Reconnaissance with Mi-24 helicopters and, from 2026, Wing Loong II drones; surveillance drones for the northern border<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a class=\"cbig\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/ivorian-air-force\/combat-record\/\">Open the full combat record<\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about the Air Force of Ivory Coast<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What is the Ivorian air force called in French?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;Air: the defence ministry&rsquo;s site (defense.gouv.ci) lists the &#201;tat-Major de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;Air among the Armed Forces of C&#244;te d&rsquo;Ivoire (FACI). French is the country&rsquo;s only official language. When it was formed in 1961 it was called the Groupement A&#233;rien de Transport et de Liaison (air transport and liaison group), per Wikipedia. English Wikipedia has no separate article: &quot;Air Force of Ivory Coast&quot; redirects to the armed forces article.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What aircraft does the Ivorian air force fly in 2026?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Mainly transport, VIP and surveillance aircraft: two An-26Bs, a C295W, an A319CJ, three Gulfstreams, two King Airs, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\">Mi-8P<\/a>, Puma, Dauphin and AW139 helicopters, and drones including two Chinese Wing Loong IIs. Its only combat type is the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mi-24 Hind<\/a> &mdash; three per defenceWeb in May 2026, possibly none after the Korhogo crash of October 2025. Three K-8 jet trainers are due by the end of 2026.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why did France destroy the Ivorian air force in 2004?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">On 6 November 2004, during an air offensive against the rebel-held north, at least one Ivorian <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\">Su-25<\/a> bombed the French Licorne camp at Bouak&#233;, killing nine French soldiers and an American aid worker. President Jacques Chirac ordered retaliation: French forces destroyed the two Su-25s at Yamoussoukro within about fifteen minutes and then the <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mi-24s<\/a> and other helicopters at Abidjan, leaving Ivory Coast without combat aircraft.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who flew the Su-25s that bombed Bouak&#233;?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">According to Wikipedia, the two <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\">Su-25s<\/a> were crewed by two Belarusian mercenaries and two Ivorian pilots. In April 2021 a Paris court sentenced a Belarusian pilot and two Ivorian co-pilots to life imprisonment in their absence.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did Ivory Coast have fighter jets?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Never real fighters. Its first jets were seven <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/alpha-jet\/\">Alpha Jets<\/a> for light attack and training (six in October 1980, one in 1983). During the 2002&ndash;2004 civil war it bought <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\">Su-25<\/a> attack jets, which France destroyed in November 2004. A Wikipedia claim of two MiG-23s could not be corroborated. Today the K-8, a jet trainer with light attack capability, is on order.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to the Ivorian Mi-24s?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Five refurbished <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\">Mi-24s<\/a> arrived from 2017 to 2021, and four have crashed since: at Katiola on 27 November 2019, at Abidjan on 18 March 2020, near the Burkina Faso border on 9&ndash;10 September 2021 with five crew killed, and at Korhogo on 27 October 2025 without injuries. Sources disagree on how many remain, from none to three.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Does Ivory Coast have military drones?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Two Chinese Wing Loong II medium-altitude drones were confirmed at Bouak&#233; Air Base in August 2026, delivered unarmed for reconnaissance. The armed forces also have four French Delair DT-26 surveillance drones ordered in 2021 and smaller EU-funded drones handed over on 3 February 2026.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is Ivory Coast buying from China?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">On 14 June 2024 the defence ministry signed a contract with China&rsquo;s CATIC for &quot;latest-generation air vectors&quot;. Reports since name two Wing Loong II drones, delivered by 2026, and three Hongdu K-8 jet trainers due by the end of 2026; helicopters and further drones in the package have not been disclosed.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Are French forces still based in Ivory Coast?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">No longer at their own base. President Alassane Ouattara announced on 31 December 2024 that France would hand back the Port-Bou&#235;t camp beside Abidjan airport, home of the 43rd Marine Infantry Battalion, and the handover took place in February 2025. About 100 French personnel were to remain for cooperation, and French aircraft still train with Ivorian paratroops.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Where are the Ivorian air force&rsquo;s bases?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The headquarters is Abidjan Air Base beside F&#233;lix Houphou&#235;t-Boigny airport at Port-Bou&#235;t. defenceWeb also lists Korhogo in the north, and the Wing Loong II drones fly from Bouak&#233;. In 2004 the Su-25s were based at Yamoussoukro.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the Ivorian air force called in French?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Arm\\u00e9e de l\\u2019Air: the defence ministry\\u2019s site (defense.gouv.ci) lists the \\u00c9tat-Major de l\\u2019Arm\\u00e9e de l\\u2019Air among the Armed Forces of C\\u00f4te d\\u2019Ivoire (FACI). French is the country\\u2019s only official language. When it was formed in 1961 it was called the Groupement A\\u00e9rien de Transport et de Liaison (air transport and liaison group), per Wikipedia. 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The armed forces also have four French Delair DT-26 surveillance drones ordered in 2021 and smaller EU-funded drones handed over on 3 February 2026.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is Ivory Coast buying from China?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"On 14 June 2024 the defence ministry signed a contract with China\\u2019s CATIC for \\\"latest-generation air vectors\\\". Reports since name two Wing Loong II drones, delivered by 2026, and three Hongdu K-8 jet trainers due by the end of 2026; helicopters and further drones in the package have not been disclosed.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Are French forces still based in Ivory Coast?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No longer at their own base. President Alassane Ouattara announced on 31 December 2024 that France would hand back the Port-Bou\\u00ebt camp beside Abidjan airport, home of the 43rd Marine Infantry Battalion, and the handover took place in February 2025. About 100 French personnel were to remain for cooperation, and French aircraft still train with Ivorian paratroops.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Where are the Ivorian air force\\u2019s bases?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The headquarters is Abidjan Air Base beside F\\u00e9lix Houphou\\u00ebt-Boigny airport at Port-Bou\\u00ebt. defenceWeb also lists Korhogo in the north, and the Wing Loong II drones fly from Bouak\\u00e9. In 2004 the Su-25s were based at Yamoussoukro.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"gallery\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Read the aircraft the Air Force of Ivory Coast flew<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">Every type with a page in the Book of Beasts, in service first, then by the year it left the fleet.<\/p>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\"><span class=\"im ph1\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mil Mi-24D\/V Hind (2017 fleet)<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-8-hip\/\"><span class=\"im ph2\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mil Mi-8P Hip<\/b><em>In service<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/alpha-jet\/\"><span class=\"im ph14\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Dassault\/Dornier Alpha Jet E (CI)<span class=\"nflag nf4\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Built in France\"><\/span><\/b><em>1980&ndash;<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/su-25-frogfoot\/\"><span class=\"im ph12\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sukhoi Su-25 Frogfoot<\/b><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/mi-24-hind\/\"><span class=\"im ph13\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Mil Mi-24 Hind (2002&ndash;2004 fleet)<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.defense.gouv.ci\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Minist&#232;re de la D&#233;fense de C&#244;te d&rsquo;Ivoire: home page<\/a><span>Links to the &#201;tat-Major de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;Air; Minister of State and Minister of Defence T&#233;n&#233; Birahima Ouattara.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defense.gouv.ci\/defense\/armee_air\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Minist&#232;re de la D&#233;fense: &#201;tat-Major de l&rsquo;Arm&#233;e de l&rsquo;Air<\/a><span>Missions: surveillance and defence of national airspace; observation, transport, support and interception. No chief or fleet named.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defense.gouv.ci\/actualite\/details_actu\/partenariat-chine-cte-divoire-la-cte-divoire-se-dote-de-vecteurs-aeriens-de-derniere-generation\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Minist&#232;re de la D&#233;fense: Partenariat Chine-C&#244;te d&rsquo;Ivoire &ndash; la C&#244;te d&rsquo;Ivoire se dote de vecteurs a&#233;riens de derni&#232;re g&#233;n&#233;ration (20 June 2024)<\/a><span>Contract signed in Abidjan on Friday 14 June 2024 (article published 20 June 2024) with CATIC vice-president Hu Guangxi; purpose to secure the airspace and fight terrorism; types not named.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defense.gouv.ci\/mediatheque\/detail_album\/partenariat-chine-cte-divoire-la-cte-divoire-se-dote-de-vecteurs-aeriens-de-derniere-generation\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Minist&#232;re de la D&#233;fense: photo album of the CATIC signing (June 2024)<\/a><span>Attendees: Minister T&#233;n&#233; Birahima Ouattara, Hu Guangxi of CATIC, Army Corps General Lassina Doumbia.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/security\/african-militaries\/cote-divoire-2\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb: C&#244;te d&rsquo;Ivoire (African Militaries profile, 18 May 2026)<\/a><span>Air force about 1,000; chief Air Div. Gen. Koffi Alfred N&rsquo;Guessan since 2017; HQ Abidjan Air Base, Korhogo Air Base; full aircraft inventory; 2025 budget 441.6 billion CFA francs; Port-Bou&#235;t handover February 2025.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/land\/cote-divoire-boosts-military-capabilities-with-new-chinese-patrol-vessels-and-drones\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb: C&#244;te d&rsquo;Ivoire boosts military capabilities with new Chinese patrol vessels and drones (18 August 2026)<\/a><span>Two Wing Loong II at Bouak&#233; Air Base, ordered 2024, delivered unarmed with EO\/IR turret, confirmed 10 August 2026.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/aerospace\/aerospace-aerospace\/ivory-coast-mi-24-crashes-killing-five-on-board\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb: Ivory Coast Mi-24 crashes, killing five on board (13 September 2021)<\/a><span>Crash on the night of 9&ndash;10 September 2021 near the Burkina Faso border; earlier losses 2019 and 2020; replacement ex-Bulgarian Mi-24s August 2020 and January 2021; AW139 and AS365N.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/defenceweb.co.za\/aerospace\/aerospace-aerospace\/ivory-coast-air-force-acquires-flight-simulator\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defenceWeb: Ivory Coast Air Force acquires flight simulator (21 January 2022)<\/a><span>ALSIM ALX commissioned 10 December 2021 through AFRICAT Group.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.military.africa\/2025\/10\/ivorian-mi-24-attack-fleet-faces-collapse-after-latest-crash\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Military Africa: Ivorian Mi-24 attack fleet faces collapse after latest crash (28 October 2025)<\/a><span>Mi-24D crash at Korhogo on 27 October 2025, crew unhurt; list of losses 2019&ndash;2021; three ex-Bulgarian Mi-24Ds in 2017 and two in February 2021.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.military.africa\/2026\/07\/grob-trains-ivorian-pilots-ahead-of-chinese-hongdu-k-8-karakorum-deliveries\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Military Africa: Grob trains Ivorian pilots ahead of Chinese Hongdu K-8 Karakorum deliveries (13 July 2026)<\/a><span>K-8 number not disclosed; delivery by end 2026; package includes helicopters and attack drones; pilot training in France to 2027.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.military.africa\/2026\/08\/ivory-coast-confirms-chinese-wing-loong-ii-drones\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Military Africa: Ivory Coast confirms newly acquired Chinese Wing Loong II drones (21 August 2026)<\/a><span>Two Wing Loong II at Bouak&#233;, confirmed 10 August 2026; CATIC contract June 2024 includes three K-8s.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.military.africa\/2024\/07\/ivory-coast-receives-first-reconnaissance-beechcraft-b300-king-air-360\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Military Africa: Ivory Coast receives first reconnaissance Beechcraft B300 King Air 360 (5 July 2024)<\/a><span>Arrived Abidjan 20 April 2024; Aerodata ISR fit; King Air C90 June 2022; DT-26 drones.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.military.africa\/2025\/01\/ivory-coast-air-force-returns-leased-airbus-helicopters-amid-scrutiny\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Military Africa: Ivory Coast Air Force returns leased Airbus helicopters amid scrutiny (15 January 2025)<\/a><span>Three H125 leased March 2023 and returned; no government statement.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.military.africa\/2018\/06\/in-2017-air-force-of-ivory-coast-received-three-attack-helicopters-from-russia\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Military Africa: In 2017, Air Force of Ivory Coast received three attack helicopters from Russia (1 June 2018)<\/a><span>Russia&rsquo;s 2017 UN Register of Conventional Arms return: three attack helicopters to Ivory Coast.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.military.africa\/2018\/08\/ivory-coast-air-force-takes-delivery-of-two-antonov-an-26b-tactical-transport-aircraft\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Military Africa: Ivory Coast Air Force takes delivery of two Antonov An-26B tactical transport aircraft (3 August 2018)<\/a><span>Two ex-Bulgarian An-26s delivered to Abidjan-Port Bou&#235;t via Tunisia on 19 and 23 July 2018.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.military.africa\/2020\/04\/ivory-coasts-air-force-acquires-two-mil-mi-8s-commits-assets-to-covid-19-emergency-response\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Military Africa: Ivory Coast&rsquo;s Air Force acquires two Mil Mi-8s, commits assets to COVID-19 emergency response (1 April 2020)<\/a><span>Two second-hand Mi-8Ps mid-March 2020; C295W, An-26 and Mi-8P assigned to COVID-19 transport on 25 March 2020.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.military.africa\/2021\/12\/ivory-coast-to-monitor-northern-borders-with-delair-dt-26-surveillance-drones\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Military Africa: Ivory Coast to monitor northern borders with Delair DT-26 surveillance drones (22 December 2021)<\/a><span>Four DT-26 ordered for the northern border.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.military.africa\/2026\/02\/eu-delivers-drones-tactical-vehicles-to-ivory-coast\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Military Africa: EU delivers drones, tactical vehicles to Ivory Coast (26 February 2026)<\/a><span>Handover 3 February 2026 under the European Peace Facility (15 million euros): COMET L and Tundra 2 drones.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.opex360.com\/2025\/01\/01\/les-forces-francaises-sappretent-a-retroceder-la-base-de-port-bouet-a-larmee-ivoirienne-et-a-quitter-le-senegal\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Zone Militaire (opex360): Les forces fran&#231;aises s&rsquo;appr&#234;tent &#224; r&#233;troc&#233;der la base de Port-Bou&#235;t &#224; l&rsquo;arm&#233;e ivoirienne (1 January 2025)<\/a><span>Ouattara&rsquo;s announcement of 31 December 2024; camp of the 43rd BIMA to be renamed after Gen. Thomas d&rsquo;Aquin Ouattara; about 100 French personnel to stay.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aim.asecna.aero\/html\/eAIP\/FR-_06AD-2.DIAP-fr-FR.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AIP ASECNA, C&#244;te d&rsquo;Ivoire AD 2 DIAP Abidjan F&#233;lix Houphou&#235;t-Boigny (valid from 22 January 2026)<\/a><span>ASECNA eAIP; reference point, elevation (20 ft) and runway 03\/21. Lists the aerodrome as civil, operated by AERIA; no military entry.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aim.asecna.aero\/html\/eAIP\/FR-_06AD-2.DIYO-fr-FR.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AIP ASECNA, C&#244;te d&rsquo;Ivoire AD 2 DIYO Yamoussoukro (valid from 22 January 2026)<\/a><span>ASECNA eAIP; reference point, elevation (697 ft) and runway 05\/23; operator SODEXAM.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aim.asecna.aero\/html\/eAIP\/FR-_06AD-2.DIBK-fr-FR.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AIP ASECNA, C&#244;te d&rsquo;Ivoire AD 2 DIBK Bouak&#233; (valid from 22 January 2026)<\/a><span>ASECNA eAIP; reference point, elevation (1,231 ft) and runway 03\/21; operator SODEXAM.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aim.asecna.aero\/html\/eAIP\/FR-_06AD-2.DIKO-fr-FR.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AIP ASECNA, C&#244;te d&rsquo;Ivoire AD 2 DIKO Korhogo (valid from 6 August 2026)<\/a><span>ASECNA eAIP; reference point, elevation (1,213 ft) and runway 08\/26; operator SODEXAM.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/aim.asecna.aero\/html\/eAIP\/FR-menu-fr-FR.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">AIP ASECNA, eAIP table of contents (effective 1 October 2026)<\/a><span>Index of the ASECNA eAIP, in which C&#244;te d&rsquo;Ivoire is country part 06.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Figures verified 2026-10-01. Order of Battle pages are regenerated from a single dataset; if a number here disagrees with a Book of Beasts page, this page is the more recent of the two.<\/p>\n<p class=\"verified\">Photographs: Photo: Filip.vidinovski \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Aero Icarus from Z&#252;rich, Switzerland \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Pedro Arag&#227;o \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) &middot; Photo: Alan Wilson from Peterborough, Cambs, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Md Shaifuzzaman Ayon \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Augsburg Air Service GmbH \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Acroterion \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: Suntooooth \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) &middot; Photo: simon butler from halesowen, uk \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) &middot; Photo: USGS \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) &middot; Photo: Andrew Thomas from Shrewsbury, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) &middot; Photo: Cory W. Watts from Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w16-ci-t-75.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w16-ci-t-76.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph3{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w16-ci-t-77.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph4{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/w16-ci-t-78.jpg)!important}#mfam 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