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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam .pq{margin:0;max-width:900px} #mfam .pq blockquote{margin:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-size:clamp(21px,2.6vw,28px);line-height:1.42;color:#fff;letter-spacing:-.2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:before{content:'\\201C';color:var(--blue);margin-right:2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:after{content:'\\201D';color:var(--blue);margin-left:2px} #mfam .pq figcaption{margin-top:20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6} #mfam .pq figcaption b{color:#fff;font-size:14px} #mfam .pq figcaption span{display:block;color:#7c8697;font-size:13px} #mfam .pq figcaption a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .pqrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:40px;max-width:1120px} #mfam .pqrow .pq blockquote{font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,21px)} #mfam .galgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .galgrid figure{margin:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .galgrid 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero\">\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/air-force-of-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo\/\">Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/a> &middot; Air base<\/div>\n<h1>Kamina Air Base<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Base a&#233;rienne de Kamina (BAKA)<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Active (Congolese armed forces; home of the air force&rsquo;s flying and technical schools and, as last described in 2007, of the 2nd Tactical Air Group; whether regular flying continues is not confirmed)<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>FZSA<\/b><span>ICAO<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>2,700 m<\/b><span>Runway<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1952<\/b><span>Opened<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Active<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Operator<\/b>Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Province<\/b>Haut-Lomami Province<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Elevation<\/b>1,080 m<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Coordinates<\/b>8.6419 S, 25.2528 E<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Kamina Air Base: what it was built for and what flies there now<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<p>Kamina was Belgium&rsquo;s great colonial military base in Katanga. Built from 1952 with NATO funding, according to English Wikipedia, and spread over some 50,000 hectares about 30 km from the town, it combined an air base for flying training with a paratroop training base; from September 1953 the Belgian Air Force ran its advanced pilot school here. Wikipedia, citing Jane&rsquo;s authors Isby and Kamps, says it was meant to guard the uranium of Shinkolobwe and to anchor a redoubt for the southern half of Africa.<\/p>\n<p>After independence in June 1960 Belgium kept the base by agreement until the United Nations took it over in October 1960. It was ONUC&rsquo;s main base in Katanga, home to Indian troops and, from 1962, to the Swedish J 29 jets, until the UN handed it to the Congolese army in early 1964. US Air Force C-130s carrying Belgian paratroopers flew from Kamina to Stanleyville in November 1964, and Belgian paracommandos regrouped here before landing at Kolwezi in May 1978.<\/p>\n<p>Under Mobutu it became the seat of the tactical air group, with Mirage 5s and MB-326s; today French Wikipedia places both air force schools and the 2nd Tactical Air Group here, and the army has used the base as a brassage centre for merging former armed groups. How much flying it now sees is not published.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"sat\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Satellite<\/div>\n<h2>Kamina from above<\/h2>\n<div class=\"satfig\" id=\"satfig\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Enlarge the satellite view\">\n<div class=\"satimg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Kamina Air Base seen from above\"><\/div>\n<p><span class=\"satzoom\">Click to enlarge<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satcap\"><b>2 runways, the longest 2,700 m.<\/b><span>Imagery: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics and the GIS user community<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"satlb\" id=\"satlb\"><span class=\"satlbx\">Close<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"satbig\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Kamina Air Base seen from above, enlarged\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<style>#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=25.22239,-8.65589,25.28317,-8.62799\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=1600,743\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}#mfam .satbig{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=25.22421,-8.66077,25.28135,-8.62311\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=2048,1365\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}@media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/server.arcgisonline.com\/ArcGIS\/rest\/services\/World_Imagery\/MapServer\/export?bbox=25.23867,-8.65589,25.26689,-8.62799\\26 bboxSR=4326\\26 imageSR=3857\\26 size=760,760\\26 format=jpg\\26 f=image\")!important}}<\/style>\n<div id=\"sat-data\" data-js=\"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\"><\/div>\n<p><script>(function(){var el=document.getElementById(\"sat-data\");var js=decodeURIComponent(escape(atob(el.getAttribute(\"data-js\"))));var sc=document.createElement(\"script\");sc.text=js;document.body.appendChild(sc);})();<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Kamina Air Base in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Location &amp; codes<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>ICAO<\/dt>\n<dd>FZSA<\/dd>\n<dt>Country<\/dt>\n<dd>Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/dd>\n<dt>Province<\/dt>\n<dd>Haut-Lomami Province<\/dd>\n<dt>Coordinates<\/dt>\n<dd>8.6419 S, 25.2528 E<\/dd>\n<dt>Elevation<\/dt>\n<dd>1,080 m <span class=\"imp\">(3,543 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Usage<\/dt>\n<dd>Military<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Runways &amp; facilities<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Runways<\/dt>\n<dd>2<\/dd>\n<dt>Designator<\/dt>\n<dd>13L\/31R<\/dd>\n<dt>Length<\/dt>\n<dd>2,700 m <span class=\"imp\">(8,858 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Surface<\/dt>\n<dd>Asphalt<\/dd>\n<dt>Designator 2<\/dt>\n<dd>13R\/31L<\/dd>\n<dt>Length<\/dt>\n<dd>2,700 m <span class=\"imp\">(8,858 ft)<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Surface<\/dt>\n<dd>Asphalt<\/dd>\n<dt>Quick Reaction Alert<\/dt>\n<dd>None<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Command &amp; status<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Status<\/dt>\n<dd>Active<span class=\"gnote\">Congolese armed forces; home of the air force&rsquo;s flying and technical schools and, as last described in 2007, of the 2nd Tactical Air Group; whether regular flying continues is not confirmed<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Operator<\/dt>\n<dd>Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/dd>\n<dt>Opened<\/dt>\n<dd>1952<\/dd>\n<dt>Command<\/dt>\n<dd>2e Groupement a&#233;rien tactique, Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo<span class=\"gnote\">as described in 2007<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Resident units<\/dt>\n<dd>3 current, 4 former<\/dd>\n<dt>Based types<\/dt>\n<dd>0<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"units\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Resident units<\/div>\n<h2>Who flies from Kamina Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oob\">\n<div><span>Current<\/span><em>3 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt>2e Groupement a&#233;rien tactique (2nd Tactical Air Group)<small>Air group &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt>&#201;cole de vol (Flying School)<small>Flying training school &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<dt>&#201;cole de technique de l&rsquo;air (Air Technical School)<small>Technical training school &middot; active<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<div><span>Former<\/span><em>4 units<\/em><\/div>\n<dl>\n<dt class=\"was\">21e Escadre de chasse-attaque (21st Fighter-Attack Wing)<small>&mdash; &middot; Zairian air force wing of the 2nd Tactical Air Group in the 1980s, per French Wikipedia; the Mirage 5 has no Book of Beasts page.<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/aermacchi-mb-326\/\" class=\"was\">Dassault Mirage 5M\/5DM<\/a><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">22e Escadre de transport tactique (22nd Tactical Transport Wing)<small>&mdash; &middot; Listed under the 2nd Tactical Air Group in the 1980s, per French Wikipedia; its aircraft are not named there.<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\"><\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">Belgian Air Force Advanced Pilots&rsquo; School<small>1953&ndash;1960 &middot; Belgian, not Congolese: some 60 Harvards from September 1953 to 1960 according to English Wikipedia; French Wikipedia gives a snapshot of 20 Harvards (eight armed) and 20 Fouga Magisters.<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\">North American Harvard, Fouga CM.170 Magister<\/dd>\n<dt class=\"was\">F 22 (Swedish Air Force Congo wing, ONUC)<small>1962&ndash;1963 &middot; Swedish, under the UN: the wing moved to Kamina in 1962 according to the English Wikipedia article on ONUC; it had five J 29Bs, reinforced in 1962 by four more and two S 29C reconnaissance aircraft.<\/small><\/dt>\n<dd class=\"was\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/saab-29-tunnan\/\" class=\"was\">Saab J 29B Tunnan<\/a><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Aircraft types based here<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/aermacchi-mb-326\/\" class=\"was\">Dassault Mirage 5M\/5DM<\/a>, North American Harvard, Fouga CM.170 Magister, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/saab-29-tunnan\/\" class=\"was\">Saab J 29B Tunnan<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"knownfor\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Claim to fame<\/div>\n<h2>What Kamina is known for<\/h2>\n<div class=\"kfgrid\">\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">01<\/div>\n<h3>Belgium&rsquo;s African redoubt<\/h3>\n<p>Built by Belgium after the Second World War as the anchor of a national-redoubt strategy and, Wikipedia says, to protect the Shinkolobwe uranium mines.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">About 50,000 hectares, according to French Wikipedia; construction began in 1952.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">02<\/div>\n<h3>A Belgian flying school in Katanga<\/h3>\n<p>Belgian Air Force pilots finished their training here on Harvards in the last colonial decade.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Some 60 Harvards from September 1953 to 1960, per English Wikipedia; French Wikipedia records 20 Harvards and 20 Fouga Magisters at one point.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">03<\/div>\n<h3>The UN&rsquo;s base in Katanga<\/h3>\n<p>From October 1960 the base was run by the UN operation in the Congo, ONUC, and housed Indian troops and Swedish jets during the Katanga secession.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">About 1,000 Indian troops were stationed at Kamina, per the English Wikipedia article on ONUC.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">04<\/div>\n<h3>Springboard for two rescue operations<\/h3>\n<p>US C-130s carrying Belgian paratroopers to Stanleyville came from Kamina in 1964, and Belgian paracommandos regrouped here before Kolwezi in 1978.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">545 Belgian para-commandos in twelve USAF C-130s in 1964, according to French Wikipedia.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">05<\/div>\n<h3>Twin runways in the bush<\/h3>\n<p>Two parallel asphalt runways at more than a kilometre above sea level.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">Two runways of 2,700 m each at 1,080 m elevation (DAFIF data via Wikipedia).<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"kf\">\n<div class=\"kfn\">06<\/div>\n<h3>Where Congolese pilots are trained<\/h3>\n<p>Both of the air force&rsquo;s schools, flying and technical, are at Kamina according to French Wikipedia.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"kff\">2 schools: the &#201;cole de vol and the &#201;cole de technique de l&rsquo;air.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"deep\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Go deeper<\/div>\n<h2>The long version<\/h2>\n<div class=\"deep\">\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">01<\/span><span>A redoubt for Belgium, 1952&ndash;1960<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Kamina was a product of Belgian Cold War thinking. English Wikipedia, citing David Isby and Charles Kamps&rsquo; Armies of NATO&rsquo;s Central Front (1985), says Belgium built it with NATO funding from 1952 as part of a national-redoubt strategy: if Western Europe were overrun, the Congo would hold out, the uranium mines at Shinkolobwe would be protected, and the base would form a nucleus for the defence of southern Africa. French Wikipedia credits the order to Major &#201;mile Janssens and gives the estate as about 50,000 hectares.<\/p>\n<p>The complex had two halves: Base 1, an air base for flying training, and Base 2, a paratroop school. From September 1953 to 1960 the Belgian Air Force&rsquo;s Advanced Pilots&rsquo; School flew some 60 Harvards here, according to English Wikipedia. French Wikipedia gives a smaller snapshot &mdash; about 900 Belgian personnel, 20 Harvards (eight of them armed), 20 Fouga Magisters, seven DC-3s and six C-119 Flying Boxcars &mdash; without saying which year it describes. The two counts are not necessarily in conflict, since the fleet changed over seven years, but neither is confirmed by an official Belgian source here.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">02<\/span><span>The UN&rsquo;s base in a secessionist province, 1960&ndash;1964<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Independence on 30 June 1960 did not end Belgian control: under agreement with the Congolese government Belgium kept Kamina, but in October 1960 the United Nations operation, ONUC, took it over, according to English Wikipedia. That put a UN base inside Katanga, whose secessionist government had its own mercenary-flown air arm at Luano and Kolwezi.<\/p>\n<p>The base became a hub for ONUC&rsquo;s troops and aircraft. The English Wikipedia article on ONUC records about 1,000 Indian troops at Kamina and says the Swedes moved there in 1962; their F 22 wing of Saab J 29 Tunnans, reinforced that year to nine fighters and two reconnaissance aircraft, was part of the UN air component that also included Ethiopian, Iranian, Italian and Filipino-crewed F-86 Sabres. On New Year&rsquo;s Eve 1962, in the last offensive against the secession, UN troops advanced towards Kamina and cleared Katangese gendarme roadblocks; by 15 January 1963 the UN had full control of Katanga. In early 1964 the UN handed Kamina to the Congolese armed forces.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">03<\/span><span>Rescue missions and Zaire&rsquo;s tactical air group<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Kamina&rsquo;s long runways made it a staging post for foreign interventions. In November 1964, during the Simba rebellion, French Wikipedia says 545 Belgian para-commandos were dropped on Stanleyville from twelve US Air Force C-130s that had come from Kamina; English-language accounts give different numbers for the first drop, and the figures are those of the sources cited. In May 1978, during Shaba II, the Belgian Paracommandos regrouped at Kamina and on 20 May landed at Kolwezi airport, according to the English Wikipedia article on the battle.<\/p>\n<p>Under Mobutu, Kamina was the seat of Zaire&rsquo;s combat aviation. French Wikipedia places Mirage 5s and Aermacchi MB-326s at the base and describes a 2nd Tactical Air Group there in the 1980s, made up of the 21st Fighter-Attack Wing with Mirage 5s and MB-326Ks and the 22nd Tactical Transport Wing. The same article says the base was used by the Americans to supply aid to UNITA during the Angolan civil war; that claim is French Wikipedia&rsquo;s and was not checked against a primary source.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details class=\"ddet\">\n<summary><span class=\"dn\">04<\/span><span>Schools and brassage: Kamina today<\/span><span class=\"dx\">Read<\/span><\/summary>\n<div class=\"dbody\">\n<p>Jane&rsquo;s, as summarised by French Wikipedia, described the air force in 2007 as two air groups, the 2nd Tactical Air Group at Kamina with its fighter-attack and tactical transport wings. French Wikipedia also places both of the service&rsquo;s schools at Kamina: the &#201;cole de vol (flying school) and the &#201;cole de technique de l&rsquo;air (technical school). English Wikipedia adds that the base has served as a brassage centre, where fighters of the former warring factions were merged into new army units.<\/p>\n<p>What is not known is as important. French Wikipedia says it is unclear whether air operations still take place at Kamina, and no official or press source checked for this page describes current flying there. The air force&rsquo;s combat aircraft have in recent years been reported in the east, at Goma and Kisangani, rather than here. This page therefore lists no current aircraft for Kamina.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Kamina, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1952<\/div>\n<p>Construction begins, with NATO funding according to English Wikipedia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1953<\/div>\n<p>September: the Belgian Air Force&rsquo;s Advanced Pilots&rsquo; School begins flying Harvards from Base 1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1960<\/div>\n<p>30 June: Congolese independence; Belgium keeps the base by agreement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1960<\/div>\n<p>October: the United Nations operation, ONUC, takes control of Kamina.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1962<\/div>\n<p>The Swedish J 29 wing of ONUC moves to Kamina.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1962<\/div>\n<p>31 December: UN troops advance towards Kamina in the final offensive against the Katanga secession.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1963<\/div>\n<p>15 January: the UN has full control of Katanga.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1964<\/div>\n<p>Early in the year: the UN hands Kamina to the Congolese armed forces.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1964<\/div>\n<p>24 November: US Air Force C-130s from Kamina drop Belgian para-commandos on Stanleyville (Operation Dragon Rouge).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1978<\/div>\n<p>20 May: Belgian paracommandos, regrouped at Kamina, land at Kolwezi during Shaba II.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">2007<\/div>\n<p>Jane&rsquo;s places the 2nd Tactical Air Group at Kamina, as summarised by French Wikipedia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"incidents\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Incidents &amp; stories<\/div>\n<h2>What happened here<\/h2>\n<div class=\"inc\">\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">October 1960<\/div>\n<h3>The UN takes over a Belgian base<\/h3>\n<p>Belgium had kept Kamina after independence under an agreement with the Congolese government, but in October 1960 control passed to the United Nations operation in the Congo, according to English Wikipedia. The handover put a UN base in the middle of a province whose leaders had declared secession and whose mercenary-flown air arm operated from Luano and Kolwezi. The UN held Kamina until early 1964.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kamina\">Wikipedia: Kamina<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">31 December 1962<\/div>\n<h3>The last push against Katanga<\/h3>\n<p>On New Year&rsquo;s Eve 1962, as part of the UN&rsquo;s final offensive against the Katangese secession, UN troops advanced towards Kamina and cleared the gendarmes&rsquo; roadblocks, according to the English Wikipedia article on ONUC. The offensive had begun in &#201;lisabethville on 28 December. By 15 January 1963 the UN controlled Katanga and the remains of the Katangese air arm were destroyed, abandoned or later absorbed by the Congolese air force.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Operation_in_the_Congo\">Wikipedia: United Nations Operation in the Congo<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">24 November 1964<\/div>\n<h3>Dragon Rouge flies from Kamina<\/h3>\n<p>To free hostages held by Simba rebels in Stanleyville, Belgian para-commandos were dropped on the city from US Air Force C-130s that came from Kamina, according to French Wikipedia, which gives 545 para-commandos and twelve aircraft. Other accounts give smaller numbers for the first wave, and both sets of figures are attributed to their sources. A second operation, Dragon Noir, followed at Paulis on 26 November.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Op%C3%A9ration_Dragon_rouge\">Wikip&#233;dia: Op&#233;ration Dragon rouge<\/a><\/article>\n<article>\n<div class=\"incd\">May 1978<\/div>\n<h3>Kamina before Kolwezi<\/h3>\n<p>When FNLC rebels took Kolwezi in Shaba II, French Legion paratroopers were flown to Kinshasa and Belgian paracommandos regrouped at Kamina. On 20 May the Belgian Paracommando Regiment landed at Kolwezi airport, about six kilometres from the town, and moved in on foot, according to the English Wikipedia article on the battle.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"incs\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Kolwezi\">Wikipedia: Battle of Kolwezi<\/a><\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"map\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Location<\/div>\n<h2>Kamina Air Base and its neighbours<\/h2>\n<div class=\"mapframe\">\n<div id=\"oobmap\" class=\"oobmap\" style=\"height:440px\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"legend\"><span><i class=\"dot\"><\/i> Active air base<\/span><span><i class=\"dot was\"><\/i> Closed or reserve<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"nearbytbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Nearby base<\/th>\n<th>ICAO<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Based types<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr data-base=\"ndolo\">\n<td>Ndolo Air Base<\/td>\n<td>FZAB<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill\">Active<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Lockheed C-130 Hercules, Douglas C-47 Dakota, Helicopters, Mitsubishi MU-2J<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-base=\"ndjili\" class=\"was\">\n<td>N&rsquo;djili International Airport<\/td>\n<td>FZAA<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Closed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Kamina Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>What is Kamina Air Base known for?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It was Belgium&rsquo;s largest colonial military base in the Congo, built from 1952 with a flying school and a paratroop school, then the UN&rsquo;s main base in Katanga from October 1960. US C-130s flew Belgian paratroopers from here to Stanleyville in 1964. Today it is home to the Congolese air force&rsquo;s flying and technical schools, according to French Wikipedia.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why did Belgium build a base at Kamina?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">English Wikipedia, citing Isby and Kamps (1985), says Belgium built Kamina as part of a national-redoubt strategy: to protect the uranium mines at Shinkolobwe and to form a nucleus for the defence of southern Africa if Europe were overrun. It was funded partly by NATO.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Who controlled Kamina during the Katanga secession?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Belgium kept the base after independence until October 1960, when the UN operation in the Congo, ONUC, took it over. Indian troops and, from 1962, Swedish J 29 fighters were based there. The UN handed it to the Congolese armed forces in early 1964.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Did Operation Dragon Rouge fly from Kamina?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes, according to French Wikipedia: the twelve US Air Force C-130s that dropped Belgian para-commandos on Stanleyville on 24 November 1964 came from Kamina. Figures for aircraft and paratroopers differ between accounts.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Kamina still an active air base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">It belongs to the Congolese armed forces and, according to French Wikipedia, houses the air force&rsquo;s flying school and technical school, with the 2nd Tactical Air Group described there in 2007. The same article says it is unclear whether regular air operations still take place, and no current aircraft are listed here.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How long are the runways at Kamina?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Two parallel asphalt runways, 13L\/31R and 13R\/31L, each 2,700 m long, at an elevation of 1,080 m, according to DAFIF data reproduced by Wikipedia. The Congolese AIP could not be checked.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which aircraft were based at Kamina?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Belgian Harvards and Fouga Magisters before 1960, Swedish Saab J 29 Tunnans under the UN in 1962&ndash;1963, and Zairian Mirage 5s and MB-326s in the Mobutu years, according to the English and French Wikipedia articles. No current based aircraft are published.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Is Kamina Air Base still an active military air base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Active (Congolese armed forces; home of the air force&rsquo;s flying and technical schools and, as last described in 2007, of the 2nd Tactical Air Group; whether regular flying continues is not confirmed). The Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo operates it as 2e Groupement a&#233;rien tactique, Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (as described in 2007).<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What is the ICAO code of Kamina Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The ICAO code of Kamina Air Base is FZSA. The airfield sits at 1,080 m above sea level in Haut-Lomami Province, at 8.6419 S, 25.2528 E.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How long is the runway at Kamina Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Kamina Air Base has 2 runways: 13L\/31R, 2,700 m (8,858 ft), asphalt; 13R\/31L, 2,700 m (8,858 ft), asphalt.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which squadrons are based at Kamina Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Kamina Air Base currently hosts 2e Groupement a&#233;rien tactique (2nd Tactical Air Group); &#201;cole de vol (Flying School); &#201;cole de technique de l&rsquo;air (Air Technical School).<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Which aircraft used to fly from Kamina Air Base?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Over its history Kamina Air Base has hosted 21e Escadre de chasse-attaque (21st Fighter-Attack Wing) (&mdash;) with the Dassault Mirage 5M\/5DM, Aermacchi MB-326K; 22e Escadre de transport tactique (22nd Tactical Transport Wing) (&mdash;) with the &mdash;; Belgian Air Force Advanced Pilots&rsquo; School (1953&ndash;1960) with the North American Harvard, Fouga CM.170 Magister; F 22 (Swedish Air Force Congo wing, ONUC) (1962&ndash;1963) with the Saab J 29B Tunnan, Saab S 29C Tunnan.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is Kamina Air Base known for?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It was Belgium\\u2019s largest colonial military base in the Congo, built from 1952 with a flying school and a paratroop school, then the UN\\u2019s main base in Katanga from October 1960. US C-130s flew Belgian paratroopers from here to Stanleyville in 1964. Today it is home to the Congolese air force\\u2019s flying and technical schools, according to French Wikipedia.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why did Belgium build a base at Kamina?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"English Wikipedia, citing Isby and Kamps (1985), says Belgium built Kamina as part of a national-redoubt strategy: to protect the uranium mines at Shinkolobwe and to form a nucleus for the defence of southern Africa if Europe were overrun. It was funded partly by NATO.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who controlled Kamina during the Katanga secession?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Belgium kept the base after independence until October 1960, when the UN operation in the Congo, ONUC, took it over. Indian troops and, from 1962, Swedish J 29 fighters were based there. The UN handed it to the Congolese armed forces in early 1964.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did Operation Dragon Rouge fly from Kamina?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, according to French Wikipedia: the twelve US Air Force C-130s that dropped Belgian para-commandos on Stanleyville on 24 November 1964 came from Kamina. Figures for aircraft and paratroopers differ between accounts.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Kamina still an active air base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It belongs to the Congolese armed forces and, according to French Wikipedia, houses the air force\\u2019s flying school and technical school, with the 2nd Tactical Air Group described there in 2007. The same article says it is unclear whether regular air operations still take place, and no current aircraft are listed here.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long are the runways at Kamina?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Two parallel asphalt runways, 13L\/31R and 13R\/31L, each 2,700 m long, at an elevation of 1,080 m, according to DAFIF data reproduced by Wikipedia. The Congolese AIP could not be checked.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which aircraft were based at Kamina?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Belgian Harvards and Fouga Magisters before 1960, Swedish Saab J 29 Tunnans under the UN in 1962\\u20131963, and Zairian Mirage 5s and MB-326s in the Mobutu years, according to the English and French Wikipedia articles. No current based aircraft are published.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is Kamina Air Base still an active military air base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Active (Congolese armed forces; home of the air force\\u2019s flying and technical schools and, as last described in 2007, of the 2nd Tactical Air Group; whether regular flying continues is not confirmed). The Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo operates it as 2e Groupement a\\u00e9rien tactique, Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (as described in 2007).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the ICAO code of Kamina Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The ICAO code of Kamina Air Base is FZSA. The airfield sits at 1,080 m above sea level in Haut-Lomami Province, at 8.6419 S, 25.2528 E.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long is the runway at Kamina Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Kamina Air Base has 2 runways: 13L\/31R, 2,700 m (8,858 ft), asphalt; 13R\/31L, 2,700 m (8,858 ft), asphalt.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which squadrons are based at Kamina Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Kamina Air Base currently hosts 2e Groupement a\\u00e9rien tactique (2nd Tactical Air Group); \\u00c9cole de vol (Flying School); \\u00c9cole de technique de l\\u2019air (Air Technical School).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which aircraft used to fly from Kamina Air Base?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Over its history Kamina Air Base has hosted 21e Escadre de chasse-attaque (21st Fighter-Attack Wing) (\\u2014) with the Dassault Mirage 5M\/5DM, Aermacchi MB-326K; 22e Escadre de transport tactique (22nd Tactical Transport Wing) (\\u2014) with the \\u2014; Belgian Air Force Advanced Pilots\\u2019 School (1953\\u20131960) with the North American Harvard, Fouga CM.170 Magister; F 22 (Swedish Air Force Congo wing, ONUC) (1962\\u20131963) with the Saab J 29B Tunnan, Saab S 29C Tunnan.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Kamina Air Base<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/air-force-of-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The operator<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Fleet, bases and order of battle of the service that flies from here.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/aermacchi-mb-326\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Based here<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Dassault Mirage 5M\/5DM<\/span><span class=\"rp\">History, specifications and stories in the Book of Beasts.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Dassault Mirage 5M\/5DM story<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\"><\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-01.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .cflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/swiss-canton-flags-sprite-v2.png)!important}#mfam .cf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam .cf1{background-position:-22px -2px}#mfam .cf2{background-position:-42px -2px}#mfam .cf3{background-position:-62px -2px}#mfam .cf4{background-position:-82px -2px}#mfam 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