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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam .pq{margin:0;max-width:900px} #mfam .pq blockquote{margin:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-size:clamp(21px,2.6vw,28px);line-height:1.42;color:#fff;letter-spacing:-.2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:before{content:'\\201C';color:var(--blue);margin-right:2px} #mfam .pq blockquote:after{content:'\\201D';color:var(--blue);margin-left:2px} #mfam .pq figcaption{margin-top:20px;font-size:14px;color:#98a2b3;line-height:1.6} #mfam .pq figcaption b{color:#fff;font-size:14px} #mfam .pq figcaption span{display:block;color:#7c8697;font-size:13px} #mfam .pq figcaption a{color:#9db9ff;border-bottom:1px solid #3f4d6b} #mfam .pqrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:40px;max-width:1120px} #mfam .pqrow .pq blockquote{font-size:clamp(18px,2vw,21px)} #mfam .galgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;margin-top:8px} #mfam .galgrid figure{margin:0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .galgrid 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; United Kingdom<\/div>\n<h1>Airspeed<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Airspeed Ltd. &middot; Airspeed (1934) Limited<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">Founded in a York bus garage by the engineer who became the novelist Nevil Shute, Airspeed trained the Commonwealth&rsquo;s aircrews in its Oxfords and landed the first troops of D-Day in its Horsa gliders.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1931<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/de-havilland\/\">de Havilland<\/a> in 1951<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>11<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>6<\/b><span>Air forces flying its types<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Photo: Michael Gaylard from Horsham, UK \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>United Kingdom<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1931<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founders<\/b>Nevil Shute Norway, Hessell Tiltman<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Portsmouth Airport, Hampshire (founded in York)<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Merged into <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/de-havilland\/\">de Havilland<\/a> in 1951<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Airspeed: the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">A novelist in a bus garage<\/h3>\n<p>In 1931 two engineers from the R100 airship project, Hessell Tiltman and Nevil Shute Norway, set up an aircraft company in half of an empty bus garage on Piccadilly in York. Norway would become far better known by his forenames, as <span class=\"imp\">the novelist Nevil Shute<\/span>, author of A Town Like Alice and On the Beach. His fellow directors included Sir Alan Cobham and Lord Grimthorpe, and the aviator Amy Johnson subscribed for shares. Their first product, the AS.1 Tern, was the first British high-performance sailplane, built in a few months to win publicity with gliding records. Shute flew it himself.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Portsmouth, Couriers and the Spanish war<\/h3>\n<p>In March 1933 Airspeed moved to a purpose-built factory at Portsmouth&rsquo;s new airport. There it built the AS.5 Courier, among the first British aircraft with a retractable undercarriage, an innovation that earned Shute a Fellowship of the Royal Aeronautical Society, and the twin-engined Envoy, chosen for the King&rsquo;s Flight. Sales were thin, and Shute&rsquo;s defence of unsold aircraft in the books earned him a reputation as unscrupulous. He was proved right: in 1936 most unsold Couriers and Envoys <span class=\"imp\">found their way to the Spanish Civil War<\/span>, the demonstrator paid for in cash. The loss of the Wolseley Scorpio engine that year, after Lord Nuffield walked away, was a heavy blow.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The Oxford: classroom of the Commonwealth<\/h3>\n<p>The Envoy&rsquo;s descendant saved the company. The AS.10 Oxford, first flown by Percy Colman on 19 June 1937, was a twin-engined trainer for navigators, wireless operators, bomb aimers, gunners and pilots, and the Empire went to war with it. By the end of production <span class=\"imp\">8,751 Oxfords<\/span> had been built, 4,411 at Portsmouth and the rest at Christchurch, by de Havilland, Percival and Standard Motors. Amy Johnson, ferrying an Oxford for the Air Transport Auxiliary, was lost in the Thames Estuary in January 1941. De Havilland bought the company outright in June 1940, but Airspeed kept its own identity.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Horsa gliders at Pegasus Bridge<\/h3>\n<p>Airspeed&rsquo;s other war winner had no engine at all. The AS.51 Horsa, a wooden glider able to carry up to 30 troops, first flew on 12 September 1941, just eleven months after the specification was issued. About 3,800 Horsas were built. In the first minutes of D-Day, 6 June 1944, <span class=\"imp\">Horsas landed the troops who captured Pegasus Bridge<\/span> in Normandy; Jim Wallwork flew the first to touch French soil. Three months later Horsas went to Arnhem in Operation Market Garden.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The Elizabethan and Munich<\/h3>\n<p>After the war Airspeed converted surplus Oxfords into Consul light airliners and built the elegant AS.57 Ambassador, first flown at Christchurch on 10 July 1947. British European Airways called its twenty the Elizabethan Class, in honour of the new Queen. On 6 February 1958 one of them, G-ALZU, crashed on take-off at Munich carrying the Manchester United team, the <span class=\"imp\">Munich air disaster<\/span>. By then Airspeed itself had gone: it was fully merged into de Havilland in 1951, which stopped Ambassador development after 23 had been built. The original York factory was demolished in November 2015.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">Founded in a York bus garage by the engineer who became the novelist Nevil Shute, Airspeed trained the Commonwealth&rsquo;s aircrews in its Oxfords and landed the first troops of D-Day in its Horsa gliders.<cite>Airspeed &middot; verified 2026-10-03<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Airspeed in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>Founded 1931<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Founded in York by Nevil Shute Norway and Hessell Tiltman<\/li>\n<li>Moved to Portsmouth Airport in March 1933<\/li>\n<li>Bought by de Havilland in June 1940<\/li>\n<li>Fully merged into de Havilland in 1951<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>Oxford and Horsa<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>AS.10 Oxford: 8,751 built (all factories)<\/li>\n<li>Horsa I and II gliders: about 3,800<\/li>\n<li>AS.57 Ambassador: 23<\/li>\n<li>AS.6 Envoy: 60<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>Part of de Havilland history<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Lineage passed into Hawker Siddeley and BAE Systems via de Havilland<\/li>\n<li>Horsa replica at the Pegasus Bridge memorial museum<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">An Ambassador was the aircraft lost in the 1958 Munich air disaster.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Oxfords built<\/dt>\n<dd>8,751<span class=\"gnote\">1937&ndash;1945<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Oxfords built by Airspeed at Portsmouth<\/dt>\n<dd>4,411<\/dd>\n<dt>Horsa gliders built<\/dt>\n<dd>about 3,800 (2,245 Mk I and 1,561 Mk II)<\/dd>\n<dt>Workshop staff<\/dt>\n<dd>about 400<span class=\"gnote\">1934<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Oxfords converted to Consuls<\/dt>\n<dd>161<span class=\"gnote\">1946&ndash;1948<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable Airspeed aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Airspeed AS.1 Tern<\/td>\n<td>Sailplane<\/td>\n<td>1931<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First British high-performance sailplane<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Airspeed AS.4 Ferry<\/td>\n<td>Ten-passenger trimotor biplane<\/td>\n<td>1932<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Built for Sir Alan Cobham<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Airspeed AS.5 Courier<\/td>\n<td>Light transport<\/td>\n<td>1933<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Retractable undercarriage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Airspeed AS.6 Envoy<\/td>\n<td>Light twin airliner<\/td>\n<td>1934<\/td>\n<td>60<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Chosen for the King&rsquo;s Flight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Airspeed AS.8 Viceroy<\/td>\n<td>Long-range racer<\/td>\n<td>1934<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Built for the MacRobertson Air Race<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Airspeed AS.10 Oxford<\/td>\n<td>Multi-role aircrew trainer<\/td>\n<td>1937<\/td>\n<td>8,751<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Airspeed AS.30 Queen Wasp<\/td>\n<td>Target drone<\/td>\n<td>1937<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Airspeed AS.39 Fleet Shadower<\/td>\n<td>Maritime patrol prototype<\/td>\n<td>1940<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Airspeed AS.51 and AS.58 Horsa<\/td>\n<td>Troop-carrying glider<\/td>\n<td>1941<\/td>\n<td>about 3,800<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>D-Day and Arnhem<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Airspeed AS.65 Consul<\/td>\n<td>Light airliner (Oxford conversion)<\/td>\n<td>1946<\/td>\n<td>161 conversions<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Airspeed AS.57 Ambassador<\/td>\n<td>Twin piston airliner<\/td>\n<td>1947<\/td>\n<td>23<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>BEA Elizabethan Class; flew with Dan-Air until 1971<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"operators\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Who flies them<\/div>\n<h2>Airspeed aircraft in the world&rsquo;s air forces<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">6 air forces in the Order of Battle fly or flew Airspeed types. <span class=\"imp\">0 of them still have one in service.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"optbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Air force<\/th>\n<th>In service<\/th>\n<th>Formerly flown<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/army-air-corps-united-kingdom\/\">Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Airspeed Horsa (and other assault gliders)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/myanmar-air-force\/\">Myanmar Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Airspeed Oxford, de Havilland Tiger Moth and Auster<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-canadian-air-force\/\">Royal Canadian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Airspeed Oxford<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-danish-air-force\/\">Royal Danish Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Airspeed Oxford<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-new-zealand-air-force\/\">Royal New Zealand Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Airspeed Oxford<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/sri-lanka-air-force\/\">Sri Lanka Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Boulton Paul Balliol T.2 and Airspeed Oxford<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where Airspeed built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Piccadilly bus garage<\/b> &middot; York &mdash; First workshop, 1931; demolished November 2015<\/li>\n<li><b>Portsmouth Airport works<\/b> &middot; Portsmouth, Hampshire &mdash; Main factory from March 1933; built 4,411 Oxfords<\/li>\n<li><b>Christchurch shadow factory<\/b> &middot; Christchurch, Dorset &mdash; Built 550 Oxfords; Ambassador first flight 1947<\/li>\n<li><b>Fairmile Manor design office<\/b> &middot; Cobham, Surrey &mdash; Dispersed design office opened around 1943<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Nevil Shute Norway<\/b> &middot; co-founder and managing director; novelist &mdash; 1899&ndash;1960; former R100 airship deputy chief engineer<\/li>\n<li><b>Hessell Tiltman<\/b> &middot; co-founder and designer<\/li>\n<li><b>Sir Alan Cobham<\/b> &middot; director<\/li>\n<li><b>Amy Johnson<\/b> &middot; original shareholder &mdash; Killed flying an Oxford in January 1941<\/li>\n<li><b>George Errington<\/b> &middot; chief test pilot &mdash; First flight of the Ambassador, 1947<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Records and firsts<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>AS.1 Tern: first British high-performance sailplane, built to set British gliding records<\/li>\n<li>Horsa prototype flew 11 months after the specification was issued<\/li>\n<li>Elizabethan Class reached 2,230 flying hours per aircraft a year by December 1955, the highest in BEA&rsquo;s fleet<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Airspeed, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1931<\/div>\n<p>Airspeed founded in York by Norway and Tiltman<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1932<\/div>\n<p>AS.4 Ferry first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1933<\/div>\n<p>Moves to Portsmouth Airport<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1934<\/div>\n<p>Public share issue with Swan Hunter as Airspeed (1934) Ltd<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1936<\/div>\n<p>Unsold Couriers and Envoys sold into the Spanish Civil War<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1937<\/div>\n<p>Oxford first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1940<\/div>\n<p>De Havilland buys Swan Hunter&rsquo;s holding; Airspeed becomes a subsidiary<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1941<\/div>\n<p>Amy Johnson lost in an Oxford over the Thames Estuary<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1941<\/div>\n<p>Horsa glider first flight<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1944<\/div>\n<p>Horsas land the Pegasus Bridge assault force on D-Day<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1947<\/div>\n<p>Ambassador first flight at Christchurch<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1951<\/div>\n<p>Fully merged into de Havilland<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1952<\/div>\n<p>First BEA Elizabethan scheduled flight, Heathrow to Paris<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1958<\/div>\n<p>Munich air disaster: BEA Ambassador G-ALZU crashes carrying Manchester United<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"lineage\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The family tree<\/div>\n<h2>Before and after Airspeed<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/de-havilland\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">de Havilland<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Owner from June 1940; full merger 1951<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the de Havilland page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Airspeed<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Did Nevil Shute found an aircraft company?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Yes. Under his full name, Nevil Shute Norway, he co-founded Airspeed Ltd in York in 1931 with Hessell Tiltman.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many Airspeed Oxfords were built?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">8,751, of which 4,411 were built by Airspeed at Portsmouth and the rest at Christchurch and by de Havilland, Percival and Standard Motors.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What aircraft crashed in the Munich air disaster?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">An Airspeed AS.57 Ambassador of British European Airways, G-ALZU, on 6 February 1958.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What glider was used at Pegasus Bridge?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">The Airspeed Horsa, which carried the troops that captured the bridge in the first minutes of D-Day.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to Airspeed?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">De Havilland bought it in 1940 and fully merged it in 1951.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Did Nevil Shute found an aircraft company?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Under his full name, Nevil Shute Norway, he co-founded Airspeed Ltd in York in 1931 with Hessell Tiltman.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many Airspeed Oxfords were built?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"8,751, of which 4,411 were built by Airspeed at Portsmouth and the rest at Christchurch and by de Havilland, Percival and Standard Motors.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What aircraft crashed in the Munich air disaster?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"An Airspeed AS.57 Ambassador of British European Airways, G-ALZU, on 6 February 1958.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What glider was used at Pegasus Bridge?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Airspeed Horsa, which carried the troops that captured the bridge in the first minutes of D-Day.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to Airspeed?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"De Havilland bought it in 1940 and fully merged it in 1951.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Airspeed<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/de-havilland\/\"><span class=\"rk\">United Kingdom<\/span><span class=\"rh\">de Havilland<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The Hatfield firm that put Britain&rsquo;s flying clubs in Moths, built a bomber out of furniture wood, gave the world its first jet airliner &mdash; and lost it to a&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the de Havilland page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/hawker\/\"><span class=\"rk\">United Kingdom<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Hawker<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Born from the wreck of Sopwith and named after a test pilot who died within a year, Hawker built the Hurricane that carried the Battle of Britain and the Hunter that set&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Hawker page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Airspeed_Ltd.\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Airspeed Ltd., Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Airspeed_Oxford\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Airspeed Oxford, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Airspeed_Horsa\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Airspeed Horsa, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Airspeed_Ambassador\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Airspeed Ambassador, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nevil_Shute\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nevil Shute, Wikipedia<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/ca-t-55.jpg)!important}<\/style>\n<style>#mfam .nflag{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aircraft-manufacturer-country-flags-v4.png)!important}#mfam .nf0{background-position:-2px -2px}#mfam 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