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.finflash{width:46px;height:46px} #mfam .rondel.wide{width:88px;height:33px} #mfam .finflash.tall{width:38px;height:46px} #mfam .mark .mk{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.7px;text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(255,255,255,.55);line-height:1.5;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .mark .mk b{display:block;color:#fff;letter-spacing:.2px;text-transform:none;font-size:14.5px;margin-top:2px} #mfam .statstrip .stat{border-top:3px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .statstrip .stat:first-child{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:first-child{padding:10px 6px 10px 14px;vertical-align:top} #mfam .tthumb{display:block;width:150px;height:100px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam table.oobt.fleet{table-layout:fixed;min-width:1072px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-th{width:172px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-type{width:198px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-role{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-num{width:78px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-yr{width:64px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-units{width:154px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-srv{width:104px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-rep{width:150px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet col.c-fd{width:118px} #mfam table.oobt.fleet th{white-space:normal} #mfam table.oobt.fleet.ord{min-width:900px} #mfam .ndet{display:inline} #mfam .ndet summary{display:inline;cursor:pointer;color:var(--link);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.4px;list-style:none} #mfam .ndet summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ndet summary::after{content:' \\203A'} #mfam .ndet[open] summary{display:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{color:var(--txt2)} #mfam table.oobt.former .tthumb{filter:saturate(.55)} #mfam table.oobt.former tr:hover .tthumb{filter:none} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{overflow-wrap:anywhere} #mfam table.oobt.fleet td:last-child{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .de{color:var(--txt3);font-size:12.5px;font-family:'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none} #mfam .orgcard .de{margin:-3px 0 8px} #mfam .oob dt .de,#mfam table.oobt .de{white-space:nowrap} #mfam .qbar{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:22px 0 0} #mfam .qin{flex:1 1 280px;max-width:460px;padding:11px 13px;font:400 15px\/1.4 'Gilroy regular',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;color:#0d1117;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;outline:0;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none} #mfam .qin:focus{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .qin::-webkit-search-cancel-button{display:none} #mfam .qcnt{font-size:12.5px;letter-spacing:.4px;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .qbtn{padding:10px 13px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--txt2);border:1px solid #d3d8e0;border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4} #mfam .qbtn:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .qhide{display:none!important} #mfam .qnone{display:none;padding:20px 2px;color:var(--txt2);font-size:15px} #mfam .qnone.on{display:block} #mfam .oob>div{cursor:pointer;user-select:none;align-items:center} #mfam .oob>div:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:-2px} #mfam .oob>div>i{position:relative;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-left:auto;opacity:.75} #mfam .oob>div>i::before,#mfam .oob>div>i::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#fff;left:0;top:6px;width:13px;height:1.5px} #mfam .oob>div>i::after{transform:rotate(90deg)} #mfam .oob.open>div>i::after{transform:rotate(0)} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob>dl{display:none} #mfam .oobwrap.coll .oob.open>dl{display:grid} #mfam table.oobt.cbt td{vertical-align:top} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.crow td{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.cbt tr.cdet>td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 16px 20px;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam tr.cdet{display:none} #mfam tr.cdet.on{display:table-row} #mfam .cwho{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cserv{display:block;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.45;margin-top:3px} #mfam .cbx{padding:6px 11px;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.1px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#fff;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .cbx:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .cdin{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:2px;max-width:none} #mfam .cdin p{font-size:16.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0 0 11px;max-width:66ch} #mfam .cdin p.crole{color:#0d1117} #mfam .cdl{margin:0} #mfam .cdl dt{font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-top:12px} #mfam .cdl dt:first-child{margin-top:0} #mfam .cdl dd{margin:3px 0 0;font-size:14.5px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.55} #mfam .cdl dd a{color:#0d1117;border-bottom:1px solid #c3cddb} #mfam .cdl dd a:hover{color:var(--blue-ink);border-bottom-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ccav{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3);line-height:1.55;margin-top:12px;padding-left:11px;border-left:2px solid var(--line);max-width:64ch} #mfam .clink{display:inline-block;margin:0 14px 0 0;font-size:13.5px} #mfam .cwar{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .statstrip.dark{margin:22px 0 4px} #mfam ul.gl.cml{margin-top:18px!important} #mfam ul.gl.cml li{line-height:1.6} #mfam ul.gl.cml li b{color:#0d1117;font-weight:400;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cbig{display:inline-block;margin-top:22px;padding:13px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:#fff!important;border:1px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none} #mfam .cbig:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .badge{height:66px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .badge.big{height:112px} #mfam .mjc{height:96px;width:auto;display:block;flex:none;filter:drop-shadow(0 2px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.5))} #mfam .mcol{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:18px} #mfam .tthumb.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 6px,#e9eef5 6px,#e9eef5 12px)} #mfam .cflag{display:inline-block;width:16px;height:16px;vertical-align:-3px;margin-right:7px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:200px 20px} #mfam .nflag{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:12px;vertical-align:1px;margin-left:8px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:242px 16px} #mfam .st{display:table;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;padding:2px 7px;margin:8px 0 0;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border:1px solid currentColor;white-space:nowrap} #mfam .st.on{color:var(--green)} #mfam .st.out{color:var(--amber)} #mfam .st.ord{color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn{display:table;margin:8px 0 0;padding:4px 10px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:1.2px;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#fff!important;background:var(--blue);border:1px solid var(--blue);white-space:nowrap;max-width:100%} #mfam .flybtn:hover{background:var(--blue-ink);border-color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .flybtn.ghost{background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)!important;letter-spacing:.9px;white-space:normal;max-width:11em} #mfam table.oobt.former td .flybtn.ghost{color:var(--blue-ink)!important} #mfam .flybtn .via{opacity:.72;letter-spacing:.8px} #mfam table.oobt td a.flybtn{border-bottom:0} #mfam table.oobt.former td a.flybtn{color:#fff!important} #mfam #structure,#mfam #former,#mfam #oob,#mfam #faq{background:var(--bg2)} #mfam .ngrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .ncard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none} #mfam .ncard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .ncim{display:block;height:158px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .ncim.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .ncbody{display:block;padding:16px 18px 20px} #mfam .ncbody time{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .nct{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.32;color:#0d1117;margin:9px 0 8px} #mfam .ncard:hover .nct{color:var(--link)} #mfam .ncx{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--txt2)} #mfam .ncgo{display:block;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link);margin-top:14px} #mfam .nmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:26px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--link)} @media(max-width:960px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:620px){#mfam .ngrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam #gallery{background:#0d1117} #mfam #gallery h2{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .spx-lede{color:#9aa3b8} #mfam #gallery .kicker{color:var(--blue)} #mfam #gallery .acard{background:#161b24;border-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .tx b{color:#fff} #mfam #gallery .acard .im{background-color:#242c38} #mfam #gallery .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#1b212b,#1b212b 8px,#232a35 8px,#232a35 16px)} #mfam .org{margin-top:34px} #mfam .cmdcard{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:26px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:4px solid var(--red);padding:22px 26px} #mfam .cface{display:block;flex:none;width:128px;height:128px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat;border:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cface.mono{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:var(--blue-dim);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:44px;letter-spacing:1px;border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .cmdtx{flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;text-align:left} #mfam .crank{display:block;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdtx b{display:block;font-size:21px;color:#0d1117;margin:3px 0 4px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmeta{display:block;font-size:13px;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .cmdorg{flex:none;text-align:left;padding-left:22px;border-left:1px solid var(--line)} #mfam .cmdorg span{display:block;font-size:13.5px;color:#0d1117;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .cmdorg em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:#8b94a5;margin-top:3px} #mfam .oloc{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 9px} #mfam .orgcard,#mfam .orgcard h4,#mfam .orgcard p,#mfam .orgcard .de{text-align:left} #mfam .orgrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:16px} #mfam .orgcard{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);padding:20px 22px} #mfam .orgcard.wide{grid-column:1\/-1} #mfam .orgcard h4{margin:0 0 7px;font-size:16.5px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .orgcard p{font-size:14px;color:var(--txt2);max-width:none} #mfam .orgcard .tag{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 8px;margin-bottom:11px;font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .orgcard.new{border-top-color:var(--red)} #mfam .orgcard.new .tag{color:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)} #mfam .tfgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:22px;margin-top:18px} #mfam .tfcol{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:14px} #mfam .tfcol h4{margin:0 0 3px;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117} #mfam .tfn{font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:8px} #mfam .tfcol p{font-size:13.5px;color:var(--txt2);margin:0} #mfam .tfmore{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;border-bottom:1px solid var(--blue)} #mfam .tfmore:hover{color:#0d1117;border-bottom-color:#0d1117} #mfam .ucol{margin-top:12px} #mfam .ucol summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:7px 0} #mfam .ucol summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} #mfam .ucol summary::after{content:' +';font-family:inherit} #mfam .ucol[open] summary::after{content:' \\2013'} #mfam .ucol summary:hover{color:#0d1117} #mfam a.unit{text-decoration:none} #mfam a.unit:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);background:var(--blue-dim)} #mfam table.oobt tr.flash td{background:var(--blue-dim);transition:background .45s} @media(max-width:900px){#mfam .tfgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} #mfam .units{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:15px} #mfam .unit{font-size:12.5px;padding:5px 11px;background:var(--bg2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--txt2);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif} #mfam .acgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:32px} #mfam .acard{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);overflow:hidden} #mfam .acard:hover{border-color:var(--blue)} #mfam .acard .im{display:block;height:132px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat} #mfam .acard .im.none{background:repeating-linear-gradient(45deg,#f3f6fa,#f3f6fa 8px,#e9eef5 8px,#e9eef5 16px)} #mfam .acard .tx{display:block;padding:14px 16px} #mfam .acard .tx b{display:block;font-size:15px;color:#0d1117;line-height:1.3} #mfam .acard .tx em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin-top:5px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums} #mfam .acard:hover .tx b{color:var(--blue-ink)} @media(max-width:1000px){#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .tthumb{width:118px;height:79px}#mfam .badge.big{height:84px}#mfam .mjc{height:74px}#mfam .mcol{gap:14px}#mfam .acgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .orgrow{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .marks{gap:20px}#mfam .photocred{position:static;display:block;padding:0 24px 12px;text-align:left;max-width:none}} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .cmdcard{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px}#mfam .cmdorg{padding-left:0;border-left:0;flex-basis:100%}#mfam .specgrid,#mfam .specgrid.three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cols{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .relgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .statstrip{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}#mfam .oob dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}#mfam .cdin{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}#mfam .oob dd{text-align:left}#mfam .frow{grid-template-columns:110px 1fr 56px;gap:10px}#mfam .srclist{columns:1}#mfam .oobmap{height:440px}#mfam .oobmap.home{height:400px}} #mfam .pqband{background:#0d1117;padding:56px 0} #mfam .pqband .wrap{max-width:1120px} #mfam 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.satlbx{position:absolute;top:18px;right:22px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.72);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase} #mfam .satcap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--txt3)} #mfam .satcap b{font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Gilroy,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;color:var(--txt)} @media(max-width:820px){#mfam .satimg{height:380px}} @media(max-width:680px){#mfam .qa summary{padding:18px 14px;font-size:17px}#mfam .qa details .a{padding:0 14px 20px}#mfam section{padding:44px 0}} #mfam .mfshare{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 6px} #mfam .mfsh-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 15px;background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:1.6px;text-transform:uppercase;cursor:pointer;line-height:1} #mfam .mfsh-btn:hover{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} #mfam .mfsh-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.8} #mfam .mfsh-net{display:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap} #mfam .mfshare.on .mfsh-net{display:flex} #mfam .mfsh-net a,#mfam .mfsh-net button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:#3d4654;cursor:pointer;padding:0} #mfam .mfsh-net a:hover,#mfam .mfsh-net button:hover{border-color:var(--blue);color:var(--blue-ink)} #mfam .mfsh-net svg{width:16px;height:16px;fill:currentColor} #mfam .mfsh-said{font-size:12px;color:var(--green);font-family:'Gilroy semiBold',Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.6px}#mfam .mlogo{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#fff;padding:10px 16px;height:68px;margin:0 0 18px;border:1px solid #e2e7ee}#mfam .mlogo .li{display:block;background:center\/contain no-repeat}#mfam .mlogo.sm{position:absolute;left:14px;top:96px;height:52px;padding:6px 10px;margin:0}#mfam .mlogo.sm img{max-height:38px;max-width:120px}#mfam .mlogo.xs{height:28px;padding:2px 6px;margin:0 10px 0 0;vertical-align:middle;border:0;background:transparent}#mfam .mlogo.xs img{max-height:24px;max-width:72px}#mfam .mrel{position:relative;padding-top:0}#mfam .mrel .mim{display:block;height:130px;margin:-26px -26px 44px;background:#eef1f6 center\/cover no-repeat}#mfam a.mname{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#mfam span.acard{cursor:default}#mfam .pcred{font-size:12px;color:var(--txt3);margin:10px 0 28px;line-height:1.5}<\/style>\n<div id=\"mfam\">\n<div class=\"hero photo\">\n<div class=\"heroimg ph1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap hero-in\">\n<div class=\"crumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/\">Order of Battle<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\">Aircraft manufacturers<\/a> &middot; United Kingdom<\/div>\n<p><span class=\"mlogo\"><span class=\"li ph2\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sopwith logo\" style=\"width:46px;height:46px\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h1>Sopwith<\/h1>\n<div class=\"native\">Sopwith Aviation Company Ltd &middot; Sopwith Aviation and Engineering Company (from 1918)<\/div>\n<p class=\"sub\">A young aviator and yachtsman built the Camel, the Pup and more than 16,000 aircraft in a skating rink by the Thames &mdash; then lost the company to the taxman within two years of the Armistice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"statstrip\">\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>1912<\/b><span>Founded<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>Defunct 1920<\/b><span>Status<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>12<\/b><span>Aircraft on record<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"stat\"><b>7<\/b><span>Air forces flying its types<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"photocred\">Sopwith Pup. Oren Rozen \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/div>\n<div class=\"accent\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"chips\"><span class=\"chip\"><b>Country<\/b>United Kingdom<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founded<\/b>1912<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Founders<\/b>Thomas Sopwith, Fred Sigrist<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Headquarters<\/b>Canbury Park Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Owner<\/b>None; assets bought by H. G. Hawker Engineering in 1920<\/span><span class=\"chip\"><b>Status<\/b>Defunct 1920<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"mfshare\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"mfsh-btn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M8.6 10.6l6.8-4M8.6 13.4l6.8 4\"\/><\/svg>Share<\/button><span class=\"mfsh-net\"><\/span><span class=\"mfsh-said\"><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"story\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The story<\/div>\n<h2>Sopwith: the company and the aircraft that made its name<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The prize-winner from Brooklands<\/h3>\n<p>Thomas Sopwith was a rich young man with a habit of winning things. He made his first solo flight on 22 October 1910, gained Royal Aero Club certificate No. 31 a month later, and on 18 December 1910 flew 169 miles from England to the Continent to take the Baron de Forest Prize of &pound;4,000. He was 22. A childhood tragedy shadowed him: at ten, a shooting accident on the Isle of Lismore had killed his father, an event that by his own account haunted him for life. In June 1912, with his mechanic Fred Sigrist, he set up shop at Brooklands, and the <span class=\"imp\">Sopwith Aviation Company<\/span> was born.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">A factory in a skating rink<\/h3>\n<p>That November Sopwith made his first sale to the military. In December the firm moved into its first proper factory: a recently closed roller-skating rink in Canbury Park Road, near Kingston railway station. From that unlikely shed came the Sopwith-Wright biplane, the Bat Boat flying boat with its laminated Consuta hull, and in November 1913 the Tabloid, flown by a young Australian mechanic named Harry Hawker. In April 1914 Howard Pixton flew a float-equipped Tabloid to win the Schneider Trophy at Monaco, lapping the only rival still running. <span class=\"imp\">British aviation had arrived.<\/span> Six months later, two Tabloids bombed the Zeppelin shed at D&uuml;sseldorf and destroyed the airship Z IX inside it.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The flying zoo<\/h3>\n<p>War turned a workshop into an industry. Sopwith employed about 200 people in 1914 and some 6,000 by the Armistice, with dozens of subcontractors building its designs under licence. From 1916 the chief engineer was Herbert Smith, a Yorkshireman who had joined as a draughtsman in 1914, and his output had a menagerie flavour. The little single-seater that followed the 1&frac12; Strutter was nicknamed the Pup by pilots who saw it as the Strutter&rsquo;s offspring. The name was thought undignified and never official, but it stuck, and Sopwith leaned into it: Camel, Snipe, Dolphin, Cuckoo, Salamander. <span class=\"imp\">Historians call it the flying zoo.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">The Camel<\/h3>\n<p>The Camel first flew on 22 December 1916 with Hawker at the controls. Smith had packed engine, guns, fuel and pilot into the front seven feet of the fuselage, and the rotary engine&rsquo;s torque made it snap round to the right with frightening speed. Novices died learning it; experts found it the most agile fighter on the Western Front. Some 5,490 were built, and Camel pilots were <span class=\"imp\">credited with 1,294 enemy aircraft<\/span>, more than any other Allied fighter of the war. Billy Barker scored 46 victories in a single Camel, B6313, the highest total attributed to one aircraft. Camels also flew off ships and lighters, and in August 1917 a Pup made the first landing on a moving ship, HMS Furious.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Hawker over the Atlantic<\/h3>\n<p>In May 1919 the Daily Mail&rsquo;s &pound;10,000 prize for the first transatlantic flight was still unclaimed, and Sopwith built a single aircraft, the Atlantic, to win it. On 18 May Hawker and navigator Kenneth Mackenzie Grieve took off from St John&rsquo;s, Newfoundland. Hours out, the engine began to overheat, probably from a blocked filter. They ditched about 1,130 miles out beside the Danish steamer Mary, which had no radio. Britain mourned them for nearly a week before the ship reached Scotland and the news broke. <span class=\"imp\">They came home as heroes<\/span> &mdash; a month later Alcock and Brown made the crossing.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"sh\">Killed by its own profits<\/h3>\n<p>Peace was harder on Sopwith than war. Orders vanished, the company sank &pound;100,000 into building ABC motorcycles under licence just as the motorcycle market slumped, and the government sent its bill for wartime excess profits. Of liabilities of &pound;705,430, <span class=\"imp\">&pound;583,510 was excess profits duty<\/span>. On 16 September 1920 the company went into voluntary liquidation. Sopwith, Hawker, Sigrist and Bill Eyre formed a new company to buy the assets and named it after their test pilot: H. G. Hawker Engineering. Herbert Smith took several Sopwith engineers to Japan in 1921 to found Mitsubishi&rsquo;s aircraft division. Sopwith himself lived to 101, still advising Hawker Siddeley until 1980.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"pull\">to avoid any muddle if we had gone on building aeroplanes and called them Sopwiths &ndash; there was bound to be a muddle somewhere &ndash; we called the company the Hawker Company. I didn&rsquo;t mind. He was largely responsible for our growth during the war.<cite>Thomas Sopwith &middot; founder, on naming the successor firm after Harry Hawker<\/cite><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"glance\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">At a glance<\/div>\n<h2>Sopwith in numbers<\/h2>\n<div class=\"specgrid three\">\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The company<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>In short<\/dt>\n<dd>Founded 1912<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Created at Brooklands in June 1912 by Thomas Sopwith with mechanic Fred Sigrist<\/li>\n<li>First factory a former roller-skating rink in Kingston upon Thames, December 1912<\/li>\n<li>Incorporated as a limited company on 15 December 1913<\/li>\n<li>About 200 staff in 1914, some 6,000 by November 1918<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Production<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Best known for<\/dt>\n<dd>Camel, Pup, Triplane<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>More than 16,000 aircraft in the First World War (company history); over 18,000 in some accounts<\/li>\n<li>Camel: 5,490 built, credited with 1,294 victories<\/li>\n<li>Tabloid won the 1914 Schneider Trophy<\/li>\n<li>Designs built under licence by dozens of firms, and 4,500 1&frac12; Strutters in France<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>Today<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Now<\/dt>\n<dd>Liquidated 1920<\/p>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Voluntary liquidation on 16 September 1920<\/li>\n<li>Assets bought by H. G. Hawker Engineering, founded by Sopwith and three partners<\/li>\n<li>Lineage runs through Hawker and Hawker Siddeley to BAE Systems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"gnote\">Former Sopwith engineers helped found Mitsubishi&rsquo;s aircraft division in Nagoya in 1921.<\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"spectable\">\n<h4>The numbers<\/h4>\n<dl>\n<dt>Aircraft built in the First World War<\/dt>\n<dd>more than 16,000 (company history); over 18,000 (biography of Thomas Sopwith)<\/dd>\n<dt>Employees<\/dt>\n<dd>about 200<span class=\"gnote\">1914<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Employees<\/dt>\n<dd>about 6,000<span class=\"gnote\">1918<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Camels built<\/dt>\n<dd>5,490<\/dd>\n<dt>Enemy aircraft credited to Camel pilots<\/dt>\n<dd>1,294<\/dd>\n<dt>Liabilities at liquidation<\/dt>\n<dd>&pound;705,430, of which &pound;583,510 excess profits duty<span class=\"gnote\">1920<\/span><\/dd>\n<dt>Investment in ABC motorcycle production<\/dt>\n<dd>&pound;100,000<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"fleet\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The aircraft<\/div>\n<h2>Every notable Sopwith aircraft<\/h2>\n<div class=\"acgrid\"><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-1-1-2-strutter\/\"><span class=\"im ph3\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sopwith 1&frac12; Strutter<\/b><em>Two-seat fighter \/ bomber &middot; first flight 1915 &middot; about 5,939 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-pup\/\"><span class=\"im ph1\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sopwith Pup<\/b><em>Fighter &middot; first flight 1916 &middot; 1,796 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-triplane\/\"><span class=\"im ph4\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sopwith Triplane<\/b><em>Fighter &middot; first flight 1916 &middot; 147 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-camel\/\"><span class=\"im ph5\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sopwith Camel<\/b><em>Fighter &middot; first flight 1916 &middot; 5,490 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-dolphin\/\"><span class=\"im ph6\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sopwith Dolphin<\/b><em>Fighter &middot; first flight 1917 &middot; 2,072 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><a class=\"acard\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-snipe\/\"><span class=\"im ph7\"><\/span><span class=\"tx\"><b>Sopwith Snipe<\/b><em>Fighter &middot; first flight 1917 &middot; just under 500 built<\/em><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"pcred\">Photos: Sopwith 1 1\/2 Strutter. Royal Air Force \/ Wikimedia Commons (Public domain); Sopwith Pup. Oren Rozen \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0); Sopwith Triplane. [[User:Ad Meskens|Ad Meskens You are free to use this picture for any purpose as \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0); U.S. Air Force \/ National Museum of the USAF (public domain); Sopwith Dolphin. [[User:Ad Meskens|Ad Meskens You are free to use this picture for any purpose as \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0); John S. Bond \/ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"mfrtbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Aircraft<\/th>\n<th>Role<\/th>\n<th>First flight<\/th>\n<th>Built<\/th>\n<th>Status<\/th>\n<th>Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Sopwith Bat Boat<\/td>\n<td>Flying boat<\/td>\n<td>1913<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Early British flying boat with laminated Consuta hull<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sopwith Tabloid<\/td>\n<td>Scout \/ racer<\/td>\n<td>1913<\/td>\n<td>42<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Plus 136 Schneider floatplane derivatives; Schneider Trophy winner 1914<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sopwith Baby<\/td>\n<td>Floatplane scout<\/td>\n<td>1915<\/td>\n<td>386<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>100 by Sopwith, 186 by Blackburn, 100 by Ansaldo; Norwegian examples flew until 1930<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-1-1-2-strutter\/\">Sopwith 1&frac12; Strutter<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Two-seat fighter \/ bomber<\/td>\n<td>1915<\/td>\n<td>about 5,939<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1,439 in Britain and about 4,500 in France; first British aircraft in service with a synchronised gun<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-pup\/\">Sopwith Pup<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>1916<\/td>\n<td>1,796<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Only 96 built by Sopwith itself; first landing on a moving ship, 1917<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-triplane\/\">Sopwith Triplane<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>1916<\/td>\n<td>147<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Inspired a German triplane craze and the Fokker Dr.I<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-camel\/\">Sopwith Camel<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>1916<\/td>\n<td>5,490<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Most successful Allied fighter of the war by victories credited<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-dolphin\/\">Sopwith Dolphin<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>1917<\/td>\n<td>2,072<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Built by Sopwith, Darracq and Hooper<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sopwith Cuckoo<\/td>\n<td>Carrier torpedo bomber<\/td>\n<td>1917<\/td>\n<td>232<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>First landplane designed for carrier operations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-snipe\/\">Sopwith Snipe<\/a><\/td>\n<td>Fighter<\/td>\n<td>1917<\/td>\n<td>just under 500<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>RAF standard fighter until 1926; Barker&rsquo;s Victoria Cross action<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sopwith Salamander<\/td>\n<td>Armoured ground-attack fighter<\/td>\n<td>1918<\/td>\n<td>210<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>1,400 ordered; 605 lb armoured box around the cockpit and engine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sopwith Atlantic<\/td>\n<td>Long-range transatlantic attempt<\/td>\n<td>1919<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"pill was\">Retired<\/span><\/td>\n<td>Ditched on 18 May 1919; crew rescued by the steamer Mary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"operators\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Who flies them<\/div>\n<h2>Sopwith aircraft in the world&rsquo;s air forces<\/h2>\n<p class=\"spx-lede\">7 air forces in the Order of Battle fly or flew Sopwith types. <span class=\"imp\">0 of them still have one in service.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tscroll\">\n<table class=\"oobt\" id=\"optbl\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Air force<\/th>\n<th>In service<\/th>\n<th>Formerly flown<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/brazilian-naval-aviation\/\">Brazilian Naval Aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sopwith 7F.1 Snipe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/chilean-naval-aviation\/\">Chilean Naval Aviation<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sopwith Baby<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/fleet-air-arm\/\">Fleet Air Arm<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-pup\/\" class=\"was\">Sopwith Pup<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/fleet-air-arm-ran\/\">Fleet Air Arm (Royal Australian Navy)<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sopwith Pup and Camel 2F.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/latvian-air-force\/\">Latvian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-1-1-2-strutter\/\" class=\"was\">Sopwith 1&#189; Strutter<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/united-kingdom-royal-air-force\/\">Royal Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-camel\/\" class=\"was\">Sopwith Camel<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-snipe\/\" class=\"was\">Sopwith Snipe<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-pup\/\" class=\"was\">Sopwith Pup<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-triplane\/\" class=\"was\">Sopwith Triplane<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-dolphin\/\" class=\"was\">Sopwith Dolphin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft\/sopwith-1-1-2-strutter\/\" class=\"was\">Sopwith 1 1\/2 Strutter<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"was\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/air-forces\/royal-canadian-air-force\/\">Royal Canadian Air Force<\/a><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Sopwith Snipe, Sopwith Camel and Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"people\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Places, people, records<\/div>\n<h2>Where Sopwith built, who led it, what it achieved<\/h2>\n<div class=\"cols\">\n<div>\n<h3>Factories<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Brooklands<\/b> &middot; Weybridge, Surrey &mdash; Where the company was created in June 1912; flight testing<\/li>\n<li><b>Canbury Park Road works<\/b> &middot; Kingston upon Thames, Surrey &mdash; Former roller-skating rink near Kingston station, opened December 1912<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>People<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li><b>Sir Thomas Sopwith<\/b> &middot; founder &mdash; 1888&ndash;1989; knighted 1953; America&rsquo;s Cup challenger with Endeavour, 1934<\/li>\n<li><b>Fred Sigrist<\/b> &middot; mechanic, works manager, co-founder &mdash; Later co-founded Hawker<\/li>\n<li><b>Harry Hawker<\/b> &middot; test pilot &mdash; Flew the Tabloid, Triplane, Camel and Dolphin on their first flights<\/li>\n<li><b>Herbert Smith<\/b> &middot; chief engineer &mdash; Designed the Pup, Triplane, Camel and Snipe; to Mitsubishi in 1921<\/li>\n<li><b>Howard Pixton<\/b> &middot; pilot &mdash; Won the 1914 Schneider Trophy in a Tabloid<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Records and firsts<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"gl\">\n<li>Schneider Trophy, Monaco, April 1914, Tabloid flown by Howard Pixton<\/li>\n<li>First landing of an aircraft on a moving ship, Pup, HMS Furious, 2 August 1917<\/li>\n<li>Highest victory total for a single aircraft in the war: 46, Camel B6313, Billy Barker<\/li>\n<li>First British aircraft to enter service with a synchronised machine gun, 1&frac12; Strutter<\/li>\n<li>Baron de Forest Prize for the longest flight from England to the Continent, 169 miles, Thomas Sopwith, 1910<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"timeline\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Timeline<\/div>\n<h2>Sopwith, year by year<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tl\">\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1910<\/div>\n<p>Thomas Sopwith wins the Baron de Forest Prize<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1912<\/div>\n<p>Sopwith Aviation Company created at Brooklands<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1912<\/div>\n<p>Moves into a former skating rink in Kingston upon Thames<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1913<\/div>\n<p>Tabloid first flown by Harry Hawker<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1913<\/div>\n<p>Incorporated as a limited company<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1914<\/div>\n<p>Tabloid wins the Schneider Trophy at Monaco<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1914<\/div>\n<p>Tabloids destroy Zeppelin Z IX in its shed at D&uuml;sseldorf<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1916<\/div>\n<p>First flight of the Pup<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1916<\/div>\n<p>First flight of the Camel<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1917<\/div>\n<p>Edwin Dunning lands a Pup on the moving HMS Furious<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1918<\/div>\n<p>William Barker wins the Victoria Cross in a Snipe<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1919<\/div>\n<p>Sopwith Atlantic ditches during the transatlantic attempt<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1920<\/div>\n<p>Voluntary liquidation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tl-item\">\n<div class=\"yr\">1921<\/div>\n<p>Herbert Smith and ex-Sopwith engineers invited to Mitsubishi in Nagoya<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"lineage\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">The family tree<\/div>\n<h2>Before and after Sopwith<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/hawker\/\"><span class=\"rk\">Came after<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Hawker<\/span><span class=\"rp\">H. G. Hawker Engineering bought the Sopwith assets and patents in 1920<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Hawker page<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section id=\"faq\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Questions &amp; Answers<\/div>\n<h2>Everything people ask about Sopwith<\/h2>\n<div class=\"qa\">\n<details open>\n<summary>Who founded the Sopwith Aviation Company?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Thomas Sopwith, a 24-year-old aviator and yachtsman, founded it at Brooklands in June 1912 with his mechanic Fred Sigrist.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many Sopwith Camels were built?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">About 5,490 Camels were built, and their pilots were credited with 1,294 enemy aircraft, more than any other Allied fighter of the First World War.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>Why did Sopwith go out of business?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">After 1918 orders collapsed, a venture building ABC motorcycles lost money and the government claimed &pound;583,510 in excess profits duty. The company went into voluntary liquidation on 16 September 1920.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>What happened to Sopwith after 1920?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">Sopwith, Harry Hawker, Fred Sigrist and Bill Eyre formed H. G. Hawker Engineering to buy the assets, the start of the line that led to Hawker Siddeley and BAE Systems.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary>How many aircraft did Sopwith build in the First World War?<\/summary>\n<div class=\"a\">More than 16,000 according to the company history; some accounts of Thomas Sopwith&rsquo;s life give over 18,000, including licence production.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who founded the Sopwith Aviation Company?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Thomas Sopwith, a 24-year-old aviator and yachtsman, founded it at Brooklands in June 1912 with his mechanic Fred Sigrist.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many Sopwith Camels were built?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"About 5,490 Camels were built, and their pilots were credited with 1,294 enemy aircraft, more than any other Allied fighter of the First World War.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why did Sopwith go out of business?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"After 1918 orders collapsed, a venture building ABC motorcycles lost money and the government claimed \\u00a3583,510 in excess profits duty. The company went into voluntary liquidation on 16 September 1920.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happened to Sopwith after 1920?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Sopwith, Harry Hawker, Fred Sigrist and Bill Eyre formed H. G. Hawker Engineering to buy the assets, the start of the line that led to Hawker Siddeley and BAE Systems.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How many aircraft did Sopwith build in the First World War?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"More than 16,000 according to the company history; some accounts of Thomas Sopwith\\u2019s life give over 18,000, including licence production.\"}}]}<\/script><hr class=\"divider\">\n<section>\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Continue the tour<\/div>\n<h2>Around Sopwith<\/h2>\n<div class=\"relgrid\"><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/de-havilland\/\"><span class=\"rk\">United Kingdom<\/span><span class=\"rh\">de Havilland<\/span><span class=\"rp\">The Hatfield firm that put Britain&rsquo;s flying clubs in Moths, built a bomber out of furniture wood, gave the world its first jet airliner &mdash; and lost it to a&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the de Havilland page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/hawker\/\"><span class=\"rk\">United Kingdom<\/span><span class=\"rh\">Hawker<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Born from the wreck of Sopwith and named after a test pilot who died within a year, Hawker built the Hurricane that carried the Battle of Britain and the Hunter that set&hellip;<\/span><span class=\"go\">Read the Hawker page<\/span><\/a><a class=\"rel\" href=\"https:\/\/migflug.com\/aircraft-manufacturers\/\"><span class=\"rk\">The index<\/span><span class=\"rh\">All aircraft manufacturers<\/span><span class=\"rp\">Every company that built an aircraft flown by the air forces in the Order of Battle, current and historic.<\/span><span class=\"go\">Open the list<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<hr class=\"divider\">\n<section style=\"padding:48px 0 64px\">\n<div class=\"wrap\">\n<div class=\"kicker\">Sources &amp; Further Reading<\/div>\n<h2>Every fact, checked<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"srclist\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sopwith_Aviation_Company\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sopwith Aviation Company (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_Sopwith\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Thomas Sopwith (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sopwith_Camel\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sopwith Camel (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sopwith_Pup\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sopwith Pup (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sopwith_1%C2%BD_Strutter\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sopwith 1&frac12; Strutter (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sopwith_Triplane\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sopwith Triplane (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sopwith_Snipe\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sopwith Snipe (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sopwith_Dolphin\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sopwith Dolphin (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sopwith_Tabloid\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sopwith Tabloid (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sopwith_Baby\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sopwith Baby (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sopwith_Cuckoo\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sopwith Cuckoo (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sopwith_Salamander\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sopwith Salamander (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herbert_Smith_(engineer)\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Herbert Smith, engineer (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sopwith_Atlantic\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sopwith Atlantic (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harry_Hawker\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Harry Hawker (Wikipedia)<\/a><span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"verified\">Verified 2026-10-03.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<style>#mfam .ph1{background-image:url(https:\/\/ml5psubhxdln.i.optimole.com\/cb:78--.b845\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:96\/f:best\/https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/uk-t-f72.jpg)!important}#mfam .ph2{background-image:url(https:\/\/migflug.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/sopwith-logo.png)!important}#mfam 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